Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Live bird market"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Live bird market"
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Chinyere, C. N., E. C. Okwor, C. A. Meseko, W. S. Ezema, N. D. Choji, D. I. Amos, L. K. Sulaiman, I. Shittu, and C. Nwosuh. "Sero-Detection of Avian Influenza A/H7 in Nigerian Live-Bird Markets in Plateau State." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v41i2.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avian influenza has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria since 2006 and subtype H5 of the Gs/Gg lineage has continued to be detected up till date. It has been suggested that waterfowls and local birds sold in live-bird markets may be natural reservoir and source of reinfection of different subtype of avian influenza in poultry farms. This study aims at serodetection of avian influenza virus in waterfowls and local birds at live-bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and nine (309) blood samples were collected over a period of three months and two hundred and ninety-two (292) sera were analysed by c-ELISA for influenza A nucleoprotein using standard protocols. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) specific for subtypes H5, H9, and H7 was also carried out using standard protocols on ELISA positive samples. The results showed seroprevalence of 5.14% (n=15) for influenza A. Serotype H7 was thereafter detected by HI in 5 of the 15 influenza A positive samples. The H7 positive sera also reacted with H7N3, H7N4, H7N1 and H7N7 virus strains with HI titre ranging between 1:32 to 1:512. This investigation for the first time showed serological evidence of influenza A subtype H7 in local birds and waterfowls sold at the live bird market in Nigeria. Further virological surveillance to isolate the virus is important in order to better understand influenza virus epidemiology in Nigeria and the potential risk that other subtypesof influenza poses to poultry production and public health.
Keywords: Influenza A, subtype H7, serological detection, live bird market, Nigeria.
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Abiayi, D. C., G. R. Otolorin, A. A. Dzikwi-Emennaa, and C. A. Meseko. "Serological evidence of influenza A/H9 in indigenous birds and level of awareness at live bird markets, Plateau State." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i4.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease that can adversely affect humans and animals. Nigeria first reported an outbreak of avian influenza which was caused by subtype H5N1 in 2006, thereafter virological and serological surveys revealed the importance of local birds in live bird markets and the community at large in the epidemiology of avian influenza in the country. In the present study, 276 serum samples were collected for serological testing over five months from apparently healthy local birds in live bird markets within two Local Government Areas of Plateau State, to determine antibody prevalence to avian influenza A virus. The detection of influenza A antibody was carried out using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and further tested by haemagglutination inhibition to determine the specific serotype of the influenza A virus. The result showed a prevalence of 30.4% (n=84) of antibody to influenza A, 26% (n=72) of serotype H9, 1.4% (n=4) of serotype H7, and none was confirmed to be H5 serotype. Comparatively, Jos-North had a lower relative risk with a prevalence of 18.9% (n=18) to the disease as compared to Jos-South with a prevalence of 36.5% (n=66). This study showed the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza A virus in live bird markets within the study area with the dominance of antibodies to H9. To our knowledge, this is the first serological indication of serotype H9 in Plateau State and Nigeria. Evidence of influenza A/H9 in an ecological niche known for the circulation of subtypes H5Nx may complicate the epidemiology and control of avian influenza in the region and Nigeria at large. The level of awareness by the live bird market operators about avian influenza (AI) was relatively low as indicated by the questionnaire survey conducted. Live bird market operators and poultry farmers need to maintain a high level of biosecurity and limit mixing local birds with commercial poultry to prevent the transmission of the virus which may have adverse effects on poultry production, national and international trade, the economy and public health.
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Mohammed, Kadhim S., and Yousif M. S. Al-Barzinji. "GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BODY WEIGHT TRAITS IN ROCKY PARTRIDGE CHICKS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 1289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i6.1643.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted on 118 partridges (Alectoris graeca) chicks in order to find the effect of non-genetic factors and genetic evaluation of live weight and carcass of this bird. The results showed a highly significant superiority of the weights of males over females in most age stages (437.71 ± 4.40 vs 375.90 ± 3.66 g/ bird at marketing age) and daily weight gain (ADG) from one day to marketing age (4.70 ± 0.06 vs 4.01 ± 0.04 g/ day/bird). The breeding values (BLUP) of birds for marketing weight ranged from -135.4 g/bird to 56 g/bird. Significant differences were recorded between groups of birds with high and low BLUP values in the average live weight at market (464.21 ± 11.03 vs 352.80 ± 6.47 g/bird) and carcass weight (349.48 ± 7.46 vs 265.91 ± 6.08 g/bird). Males also outperformed females significantly in live weight at marketing and carcass weight. The results also showed a positive and significant correlation between the daily weight gain rate and weights at different ages except for the age on the one day, which were negative and not significant. Also, high correlations were recorded between live body weight at marketing and carcass weight, but the correlation between live weight and dressing ratio was not significant. The wide variation in BLUP values and the presence of high differences between birds with high and low BLUP values indicates the possibility of developing and increasing the weight of these birds through selection and breeding process.
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Irin, Nusrat, Syeda Dilshad, Abdullah Sattar, Nurun Chisty, Afsana Sultana, Mahmudul Hasan, Rashed Mahmud, Syed Abbas, Guillaume Fournie, and Md Hoque. "Live bird market in Bangladesh: Regulatory systems and operations." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 8, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2021.h559.
Повний текст джерела
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Jepson, Paul, Richard J. Ladle, and Sujatnika. "Assessing market-based conservation governance approaches: a socio-economic profile of Indonesian markets for wild birds." Oryx 45, no. 4 (October 2011): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531100038x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractOne of the most difficult situations for conservation is where state capacity to regulate is weak, major corporate organizations are absent, and the population does not have a strong culture of wildlife conservation. All these apply to the hugely popular urban Indonesian pastime of keeping wild songbirds, thought to be responsible for rolling local extinctions of several native species. In such situations the introduction of a voluntary, market-based approach could interact with regulation to create new and more effective approaches to reducing the negative conservation impacts of the associated trade. Here we assess the potential of such an approach through an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic and cultural aspects of bird keeping. We project that overall the pastime contributes USD 78.8 million to the economies of the six cities surveyed, supporting a range of associated small-scale rural and urban livelihoods relating to the production of cages and collection of live bird food. Finally, we describe five general bird-breeding models with the capacity to scale up the production of captive-bred birds that may substitute for wild-caught conspecifics. Based on this information we argue that a market-based policy instrument that is capable of shifting bird-keeping trends from wild-caught birds to captive-bred alternatives would align easily with macro-policy agendas in Indonesia relating to pro-poor growth and the creation of more and better jobs. Such a policy instrument could provide exciting opportunities for conservationists to engage the interest and support of non-conservation sectors in Indonesia in efforts to conserve diminishing populations of wild birds.
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Mullaney, R. "Live-Bird Market Closure Activities in the Northeastern United States." Avian Diseases 47, s3 (September 2003): 1096–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1096.
Повний текст джерела
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Pinsent, Amy, Kim M. Pepin, Huachen Zhu, Yi Guan, Michael T. White, and Steven Riley. "The persistence of multiple strains of avian influenza in live bird markets." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1868 (December 6, 2017): 20170715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiple subtypes of avian influenza (AI) and novel reassortants are frequently isolated from live bird markets (LBMs). However, our understanding of the drivers of persistence of multiple AI subtypes is limited. We propose a stochastic model of AI transmission within an LBM that incorporates market size, turnover rate and the balance of direct versus environmental transmissibility. We investigate the relationship between these factors and the critical community size (CCS) for the persistence of single and multiple AI strains within an LBM. We fit different models of seeding from farms to two-strain surveillance data collected from Shantou, China. For a single strain and plausible estimates for continuous turnover rates and transmissibility, the CCS was approximately 11 800 birds, only a 4.2% increase in this estimate was needed to ensure persistence of the co-infecting strains (two strains in a single host). Precise values of CCS estimates were sensitive to changes in market turnover rate and duration of the latent period. Assuming a gradual daily sell rate of birds the estimated CCS was higher than when an instantaneous selling rate was assumed. We were able to reproduce prevalence dynamics similar to observations from a single market in China with infection seeded every 5–15 days, and a maximum non-seeding duration of 80 days. Our findings suggest that persistence of co-infections is more likely to be owing to sequential infection of single strains rather than ongoing transmission of both strains concurrently. In any given system for a fixed set of ecological and epidemiological conditions, there is an LBM size below which the risk of sustained co-circulation is low and which may suggest a clear policy opportunity to reduce the frequency of influenza co-infection in poultry.
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Wungak, Y. S., A. Alhassan, D. B. Judith, I. Bitrus, I. B. Shallangwa, and H. G. Ularamu. "Detection of Newcastle Disease antibodies amongst local chicken slaughtered in live bird markets in Kaduna, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) constitutes a major constraint to the poultry production system in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in local chickens (Gallus domesticus) slaughtered in five different live bird markets (LBMs) in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Three hundred blood samples were collected and screened for antibodies against NDV using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). An overall seroprevalence rate of 23% (95%:CI18.5-28.0) was recorded in this study. Seroprevalence based on different LBMs revealed a higher prevalence of 28.3% (95% : Cl 18.0-40.7) in Sabo market, followed by Sokoto road market 26.7% (Cl:16.7-38.9), Kawo market 18.3% (95% Cl: 10.0-29.6), Railway market 13.3% (Cl:6.4-23.5), and the lowest prevalence was recorded in central market 11.7% (Cl:5.2-21.7). The difference in seroprevalence among the LBMs was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Higher seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in female birds 30.5 % (Cl: 24.1-37.6) was recorded compared to male 13.9% (Cl: 8.3-21.4). The study indicated that NDV is endemic in the population. LBMs location had no significant influence on the seroprevalence of NDV in the study area. The difference in seroprevalence between sexes was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated the need for a regular strategic vaccination programme against NDV in local chickens in Kaduna metropolis.
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Rahman, Sanzida, Afroja Yasmin, Tahmina Ruba, and Mohammad AHNA Khan. "Broilers of live bird markets at Mymensingh city carrying H9N2 Avian influenza virus in their respiratory tract." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i2.38112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avian influenza (AI) caused by Type A influenza virus is a global zoonosis, infecting vast majority of mammalian and avian species. Broilers are meat type birds and randomly reared and sold by the farmers in Bangladesh with poor biosecurity. This study was aimed to identify the Type and subtypes of AI viruses in the broilers of two live bird markets, Mymensingh. A total of 10 birds from each of the market were randomly selected, investigated by clinical, pathological, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), sequencing and sequence analysis. Out of 20 birds investigated, 06 were sick, 02 were dead and 12 were apparently healthy. Clinically, the sick/dead birds did not reveal any changes typical to AI. During necropsy, the sick/dead birds showed congested lungs and moderate hemorrhages in the trachea. Such lesions was absent in the lungs of apparently healthy birds. Following histopathological examination interstitial pneumonia with bronchitis was seen in sick/dead birds. The RT-PCR protocol was adapted to identify matrix protein gene of Type A influenza virus and amplified 430bp fragment is even cases. To identify the sub types of AI viruses involved, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene specific RT-PCR was carried out. 1475bp and 1089bp amplicons specific to HA and NA genes of AI viruses were generated in 07 cases. The cDNAs of HA and NA genes were sequenced, edited and revealed that the AI virus circulated in the live bird market of Mymensingh city is H9N2 subtype. Two sick, one dead and four apparently healthy birds found to carry H9N2 AI virus. The H9N2 virus is naturally low pathogenic for poultry, has got public health significance, and may donate partial or even whole cassette of internal genes to generate novel human-lethal reassortants of AI viruses; this was main concern for AI viral outbreak investigation in this study. It needs to examine large number of samples from wider sources to trace the rate of mutation and subsequent reemergence of pandemic AI viruses.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 225-233, August 2018
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NÓBREGA ALVES, RÔMULO ROMEU, JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA, and HELDER FARIAS P. ARAUJO. "The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 1 (July 16, 2012): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091200010x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryBrazil’s rich biological and cultural diversity makes it an exceptional location for examining the commerce in live wild birds and its implications for conservation. This paper catalogues the live bird species being traded in Brazil, characterises the trade in these animals, and discusses the implications for avian conservation. In spite of being illegal, capturing and selling birds is still a very common practice in Brazil and involves many actors who make up part of a large commercial network that distributes wild animals to every corner of the country. Our survey revealed that at least 295 bird species are illegally sold as pets in Brazil, with estimates derived from this data pointing to a total of more than 400 species - about 23% of the number of extant bird species in the country. Of the bird species recorded, two were classified as “Critically Endangered”, nine as “Endangered”, six as “Vulnerable”, and 19 as “Near Threatened” according to the most recent IUCN Red List. Most of the species recorded in this study as being widely bought and sold (including on the international market) are not listed by CITES even though many of them are in fact threatened. In light of the widespread illegal trade in wild birds in Brazil and the conservation implications for the species involved, there is an urgent need for actions that can control these activities. Steps should be taken to address the illegal traffic directly and these must include monitoring, law enforcement, effective sentencing (including deterrent sentences), targeting end-users, captive breeding, and education at all levels, taking into account the cultural, economic, social, and ecological aspects of the human populations involved.
Дисертації з теми "Live bird market"
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Solomon, Ponman. "Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses from live bird markets in Nigeria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although Newcastle disease is reported to be endemic in Nigeria, little information exists on the molecular epidemiology and the lineage distribution of the Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) in the country, especially in the live bird markets. Recent studies reported the identification of three distinct sub-lineages namely; 5f, 5g and 5h in West Africa, particularly sub-lineages 5f and 5g were identified in Nigeria. In this study a total of 41 NDV isolates were analysed. Thirty six NDVs were recovered from a variety of poultry species from live bird markets in the six geo-political zones of Nigeria during active surveillance from 2007 to 2008. Five NDVs recovered from outbreaks in backyard and commercial poultry farms within the same period were also genetically characterized. A commonly used region of the virus genome that spans nucleotide 61 to nucleotide 374 of the Fusion protein, including the cleavage site was targeted. Based on sequence analysis, 39 of the isolates were classified as virulent. Of these, 20 were classified as sub-lineage 5g and 17 were classified as sub-lineage 5f. One isolate differ markedly from all other strains included in the phylogeny. Interestingly, 13 strains from the 5f group formed a distinct cluster that was not identified by other groups in similar studies. Phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence determination of the F0 cleavage site sequence analysis, pair wise distance analysis of the partial fusion protein gene sequences and Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping was done. Results showed close genetic similarities and provided evidence for the first time of the epidemiological link between the viruses circulating in the LBMs and those identified in outbreaks in backyard and commercial farms in Nigeria between 2007 and 2008. The emergence and identification of new sub-lineages gives an insight in to the high rate of genetic drift occurring in NDV strains in Nigeria, and raises concerns about the efficacy of current NDV control measures in the country. Thus there is need for continuous surveillance and characterization of NDV from Nigeria to monitor the emergence of new lineages and sub-lineages in the Nigerian poultry industry. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Production Animal Studies
unrestricted
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Fournié, Guillaume. "The potential for silent circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5N1 to be sustained in live bird markets : a survey of markets in northern Viet Nam and Cambodia and mathematical models of transmission." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559027.
Повний текст джерела
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Kurscheid, Johanna. "Investigation into the role of live bird markets in the transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bali and Lombok, Indonesia." Thesis, Kurscheid, Johanna (2015) Investigation into the role of live bird markets in the transmission and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28850/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in 2003, Indonesia has suffered large losses in the poultry sector and the highest number of H5N1-related human deaths to date. Despite government and internationally led disease control and eradication efforts, the virus remains entrenched throughout many parts of the country. Live bird markets (LBMs) have been implicated in a number of avian H5N1 outbreaks and are considered a high-risk interface due to mixing of large numbers of diverse poultry species with unknown disease status. Despite this, little is known about the role that markets play in the epidemiology of HPAI viruses. To investigate the scale and trends of poultry movement, marketing and management in Indonesian LBMs, a socio-epidemiological study combining qualitative and quantitative approaches and methodology was designed and implemented. A cross-sectional survey of 547 poultry traders and customers, conducted at 17 LBMs on the neighbouring islands of Bali and Lombok, revealed a high proportion of traders with limited knowledge of HPAI and biosecurity engaging in practices conducive to circulation and spread of the virus. Observational studies revealed that many markets lacked basic infrastructure for crucial cleaning and disinfection activities and had poorly implemented, or no, biosecurity. Social network analysis of movement events revealed differences in movement patterns of live poultry in Bali and Lombok that may influence the potential for markets to become infected or facilitate the spread of infection. In addition, a qualitative risk assessment of bird-to-bird transmission of HPAI H5N1 also revealed differences in potential risk between markets, with several identified as having a very high risk of becoming infected. The findings of this study enabled rating of each of the 17 LBMs in terms of transmission potential and potential spread of HPAI viruses, which will allow authorities to focus efforts where limited resources would have the greatest impact, of vital importance in low resource settings.
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Ilonze, Chinyere Charity. "Knowledge and practice of live bird sellers on health risks and preventive measure of Avian Influenza in an urban community of Lagos state, Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1395_1299233761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avian Influenza (AI) is a contagious viral zoonotic disease with great public health implications and negative socioeconomic impact (WHO, 2006a). The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection is transmitted from birds to man mostly through contact with contaminated poultry and objects (INFOSAN, 2005), hence people who come in contact with birds such as live bird sellers (LBS) are the more vulnerable population (WHO, 2006a). Inadequate knowledge of AI health risks and poor practice of AI preventive measures amongst LBS increases the risk of spread of the infection in both humans and animals.The aim of this study was to describe and quantify the knowledge and practice of LBS with regards to avian influenza health risks and preventive activities in Agege, an urban area in Lagos State, Nigeria.
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Naysmith, Scott. "A qualitative study of avian influenza A H5N1 at the human-animal interface : examining constructions of risk and associated behaviours of people who work with poultry in three live bird markets in Indonesia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3255/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis draws on the notion of disease narratives to examine the manner in which people who work with poultry (PWP) in live bird markets (LBMs) construct risks associated with avian influenza A H5N1, as well as how these constructions of risk inform behaviours at the human-animal interface. Focusing on PWP in three live bird markets in Indonesia, this qualitative study employs a constructivist perspective to look at what informs PWP’s constructions of risk about avian influenza in relation to themselves, their animals, their livelihoods, and the political authorities within their communities, and offers insight into the extent to which these constructions of risk underpin their behaviours. Although not strictly designed as a comparative study, this research draws out similarities and differences across the three fieldsites. Findings suggest that PWP assess risk by drawing on experiential knowledge and observations. Respondents across the three sites suggest a theory of species-specific infection in relation to H5N1, which broadly posits that there are certain diseases that infect different types of poultry and certain diseases that infect humans. For most PWP, diseases in birds are not considered contagious, even between different species, and the possibility of zoonosis implausible. The majority of respondents conclude that humans are not susceptible to poultry diseases because their observations and experiences do not support such a conclusion. PWP do, however, indicate that other forms of risk, such as the risk that a disease outbreak or an intervention can threaten their livelihood are plausible and salient. Behaviours of PWP at the human-animal interface reflect their constructions of risk, in that they prioritize economic considerations over any concern for mitigating the risk of disease in poultry or in people. This thesis concludes by outlining policy implications and researchable hypotheses, and in highlighting the benefits as well as the challenges of integrating qualitative, social science research into the interdisciplinary, collaborative study of emerging infectious diseases.
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Lee, Chang-Chun. "Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza Viruses in A Live Bird Market in Taiwan during 2005-2006." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2907200821421100.
Повний текст джерела
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Li, Yao-Tsun, and 李曜存. "Virological Characterization of Duck Avian Influenza H5N2 Viruses Isolated in a Live-Bird Market in Taiwan, 2005-2006." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52618914560168012170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學與預防醫學研究所
101
Human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIV) has always raised global health concern of emerging novel inter-species transmissible virus that might have potential to cause pandemic. Waterfowls, as the predominant nature reservoir of AIV, harbor precursor genetic lineages contributing to viral evolution on past pandemic strains. Routine virological surveillance at live-bird markets (LBMs) can acquire essential information on viral evolution and host range through AIV isolates. In recent years, several outbreaks of H5N2 in chickens occurred in Taiwan. Additionally, previous study identified 22 duck H5N2 viruses from a LBM with different gene origins in eight segments, but their virological properties remained unclear. Therefore, the specific aims of this study were: (1) to investigate the replication efficiencies of those H5N2 isolates with differ ent gene constellations, (2) to compare the growth properties of H5N2 isolates with different viral phenotypes in both avian and mammalian cells, and (3) to elucidate the possible molecular factors contributing to such phenotypic variations. The four duck H5N2 influenza viruses, DV30, DV192, DV413 and DV518, isolated during 2005-2006 representing distinct gene constellations were selected for their phylogenetic differences in PB2 and NA genes (>5% nucleotide identities). The Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell (MDCK) and chicken embryo fibroblast cell (DF1) were firstly infected with these viruses to monitor their replication by measuring the levels of viral RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting viral M gene. Second, viral phenotypes were characterized by the size of plaques in MDCK cells infected with various strains. Besides, the strains possessing different plaque morphologies were further plaque-purified, and 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method was performed to evaluate the growth kinetics of viruses in MDCK and DF1 cells. Third, all of the viral strains plaque-purified were sequenced to compare the differences in amino acids. And subsequently, cell binding test with human lung carcinoma cell (A549), MDCK and DF1 cells were investigated. In addition, minigenome assays in 293T and DF1 cells were conducted to clarify possible roles of amino acid changes in viral polymerase complex proteins conferring differences in viral growths. Results from the growth properties of the four duck H5N2 viruses showed similar replication in M gene of vRNA; however, DV518 had relatively higher levels of the same transcripts in both MDCK and DF1 cell lines among all the four isolates. DV413, which had only three amino acids different from DV518, presented significant lower virus yields than DV518, implying possible underlying determinants of viral growth. To further investigate the residues between DV413 and DV518, two strains of DV518 were plaque-purified in MDCK cells, and their plaque morphologies together with that of DV413 in MDCK were characterized. Plaques generated by DV413 were smaller than both 518 L, which had large plaque size, and 518 S. Higher virus titers were observed in MDCK cells infected with 518 L strain, than those infected with either 518 S or DV413. However, both of these two strains of 518 showed similar growth kinetics in DF1 cells, whereas DV413 displayed significant lower replication efficiency. Furthermore, viral yield after in ovo inoculation in SPF embryonated chicken eggs also correlated with the results in DF1 cells. The results of binding assay to assess the receptor specificity of these H5N2 viruses presented no apparent pattern in mammalian and avian cells. However, DV518 isolates, possessing 170D in HA, showed enhanced binding to MDCK cells based on higher levels of attached viral gene (both 518 S v.s. DV413 and 518 L v.s. DV413, p<0.05). In addition, the 518 L, possessing the amino acid substitutions of E72D in PB2 and P224S in PA, demonstrated significant higher polymerase activities by luciferase signals in minigenome assay only in 293T cells but not in DF1 cells than those infected with 518 S virus. These results support that possible molecular determinants may be involved in differences in viral replication in mammalian cells, implying a potential marker associated with host-specific factors. In summary, this study tried to elucidate the relationship between amino acid changes and phenotypic variations among the three Taiwan duck influenza H5N2 viruses isolated in the field. Our data and supports from previous studies provides important insights on molecular determinants that may also be present in the heterogeneous populations of duck low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, which would be capable to adapt and to replicate better in mammalian cells. Future studies need to use reverse genetics to verify the role of each point mutation identified from this study affecting viral entry, replication, and interaction with host.
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Samaan, Gina. "Towards control of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Indonesia: Human infection, and the role of live bird markets." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia has been heavily affected by the emerging avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus, with continued outbreaks in farmed birds and periodic detection of human cases. The epidemiology of human AI H5N1 infection in Indonesia is poorly understood, and control measures at the animal-human interface such as in live bird markets (LBMs) have had limited impact. This thesis had two aims: (a) to examine the epidemiology of human AI H5N1 infection and, (b) to inform disease control measures in LBMs in Indonesia.
Methods:
For the first aim, public health surveillance data from June 2005 till July 2009 were analyzed to assess exposures and risk factors for infection, case clustering and disease transmission patterns in outbreak households. For the second aim, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess environmental contamination in LBMs and to identify risk factors and critical control points. A non-experimental field intervention trial was conducted to assess the practical application of implementing interventions in two LBMs.
Results:
Multivariable analyses showed that age and type of exposure to virus impact the risk of H5N1 infection and case clustering. First degree relatives to an index case, especially siblings were at most risk of becoming secondary cases in a household. The overall attack rate in households was 18.3% and the secondary attack rate was 5.5%. Secondary attack rate remained stable with household size. The disease transmission models found that the majority of cases resulted from zoonotic transmission of the virus, and most evidence for human-to-human transmission came from one large outlier cluster of eight cases. The reproduction numbers were below the threshold for sustained transmission. The mean interval between onset of illness between cases in a household was 5.6 days. Direct exposure to sources of virus tripled the odds of infection. Contaminated garden fertiliser was found to be a possible source of human infection.
Widespread environmental contamination with the H5N1-virus was found in 47% (39 of 83) LBMs sampled in the cross-sectional study. Slaughter, workflow zoning and sanitation practices impact the risk of environmental contamination. Five critical control points were identified to help control this contamination. The intervention trial found that control measures could be feasibly implemented using a combination of infrastructure and behaviour change interventions. Use of a participatory approach to translate control measures into practice was well received by stakeholders.
Conclusions:
The epidemiological findings can be used to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission of the virus, prevent secondary cases and provide baseline comparison for the early detection of changes in virus transmissibility. The LBM studies demonstrated that control measures can be introduced in LBMs in a low resource setting such and that the interventions should reflect resources available, stakeholder needs and critical control points.Paul.Kelly@act.gov.au
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Huang, Yang-Ying, and 黃彥穎. "The Comparison of Hygiene and Microbiological Quality of Simulative Native Chickens and Broilers Slaughtered at Poultry Slaughterhouse and Live Bird Market." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55705517152680529024.
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碩士中興大學
獸醫病理生物學研究所
99
The main source of chicken meat in Taiwan is from simulative native chickens (SN) and broilers. Chickens are slaughtered either by automatic processing in modern slaughterhouse or by manual processing in live bird market. During slaughtering process, chicken carcasses might be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. The investigation of microbial contamination in different types of chickens slaughtered at different locations may provide important information contributing to public health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the carcass quality of chickens with the criteria of aerobic plate count and isolation of Salmonella spp. from carcasses using whole carcass rinse method (following the FSIS protocol with minor modification). Different types of tested chickens were sampled from December 2009 through December 2010 and liver, gall bladder, bile and cecum of the tested chickens were sampled for the isolation of Salmonella spp.. The results showed that the log mean number of aerobic plate count of the broilers slaughtered from slaughterhouse, the SN slaughtered from slaughterhouse, the SN slaughtered from live bird market and the broilers slaughtered from live bird market was 3.14, 4.53, 4.92 and 5.36, respectively, and Salmonella prevalence from the different types of tested carcasses were all over 60% using the high sensitivity sampling method. The prevalence of Salmonella from viscus of broilers slaughtered from slaughterhouse, the SN slaughtered from slaughterhouse, the SN slaughtered from live bird market and the broilers slaughtered from live bird market was 60%, 31%, and 37% respectively, and the major serogroup of all the isolated Salmonella spp. was group C2. To improve the quality of the chicken carcasses slaughtered from live bird market, various processes were tested. The log mean number of aerobic plate count from icy chlorine-, chlorine-, icy water-, water-treated, and untreated chicken carcasses were 4.18, 4.77, 5.37, 5.48 and 5.62, respectively. The icy chlorine-treated chicken carcasses has significant effect on reducing the aerobic plate count however Salmonella spp. still could be isolated. No matter what type of chicken slaughtered, the hygiene quality of chicken carcasses from slaughterhouse was better than the one from bird market. The Use of icy chlorine can improve the carcass quality, therefore, can be applied for the chickens slaughtered at live bird markets.
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Lin, Hsiu-Ping. "Virological and Serological Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Live-Bird Markets and Poultry-Related Workers in Taiwan and Kinmen during 2005-2007." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2707200718492500.
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B, Jenkins Walter, ed. Dancing in the bird bath. Oklahoma City, Okla.?]: [G. Dyer], 2010.
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Hammerl, Karl. Markt Laaber: Ein Streifzug durch die Geschichte des Marktes in Wort und Bild. Horb am Neckar: Geiger-Verlag, 1999.
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Bangladesh, UNICEF, ed. Evaluation of avian influenza communication for development initiative-improving biosecurity in live bird markets: Lessons learned report. Dhaka: Center for Communicable Diseases, 2013.
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Chao, Sophie, Karin Bolender, and Eben Kirksey, eds. The Promise of Multispecies Justice. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023524.
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What are the possibilities for multispecies justice? How do social justice struggles intersect with the lives of animals, plants, and other creatures? Leading thinkers in anthropology, geography, philosophy, speculative fiction, poetry, and contemporary art answer these questions from diverse grounded locations. In America, Indigenous peoples and prisoners are decolonizing multispecies relations in unceded territory and carceral landscapes. Small justices are emerging in Tanzanian markets, near banana plantations in the Philippines, and in abandoned buildings of Azerbaijan as people navigate relations with feral dogs, weeds, rats, and pesticides. Conflicts over rights of nature are intensifying in Colombia’s Amazon. Specters of justice are emerging in India, while children in Micronesia memorialize extinct bird species. Engaging with ideas about environmental justice, restorative justice, and other species of justice, The Promise of Multispecies Justice holds open the possibility of flourishing in multispecies worlds, present and to come. Contributors. Karin Bolender, Sophie Chao, M. L. Clark, Radhika Govindrajan, Zsuzsanna Dominika Ihar, Noriko Ishiyama, Eben Kirksey, Elizabeth Lara, Jia Hui Lee, Kristina Lyons, Michael Marder, Alyssa Paredes, Craig Santos Perez, Kim TallBear
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Geismer, Lily. From Taxachusetts to the Massachusetts Miracle. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157238.003.0011.
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This chapter explores both Governor Michael Dukakis's career from the early 1970s to his presidential bid and the state's economic turnaround, dubbed the “Massachusetts Miracle,” which made the high-tech industry and skilled professionals ever more central to the state's economy and politics, and the Democratic Party. Despite Dukakis's loss, his platform of abortion rights, affirmative action, the environment, and other quality-of-life concerns coupled with an emphasis on using market incentives to stimulate high-tech growth had a deep impact. Dukakis's platform influenced the set of policies and approach adopted by the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) and its leader, Bill Clinton, in their efforts to appeal to suburban voters and move the party closer toward the center. This agenda continued to disproportionately benefit postindustrial professionals, while also perpetuating forms of racial and economic inequality within metropolitan Boston and in the Democratic Party's priorities.
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Parry-Giles, Shawn J. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038211.003.0006.
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This concluding chapter assesses what the verbal and visual news coverage of Hillary Clinton tells us about the gendered nation, political authenticity and character, and news framing of U.S. political women at the turn of the twenty-first century. Those who become routine fixtures in news stories can function as didactic character models to be admired and emulated, as well as chastised and even despised. Journalists (along with the aid of news writers and news producers) serve as some of the nation's most powerful biographers, contributing stories and pictures that make up the chapters of a political leader's life. Moreover, conceptions of authentic womanhood and authentic manhood in particular bring together ideological forces that can empower yet also bind the nation's political leaders, offering a gender baseline that fuses with other markers of political authenticity to define an individual leader.
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O'Meara, Jennifer. Engaging Dialogue. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420624.001.0001.
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This book examines the centrality of dialogue to American independent cinema, arguing that it is impossible to separate small budgets from the old adage that ‘talk is cheap’. Focusing on the 1980s until the present, particularly on films by writer-directors like Jim Jarmusch, Noah Baumbach and Richard Linklater, the book demonstrates dialogue’s ability to engage audiences and bind together the narrative, aesthetic and performative elements of selected cinema. When compared to the dialogue norms of more mainstream cinema, the verbal styles of these independent writer-directors are found to be marked by alternations between various extremes, particularly those of naturalism and hyper-stylization, and between the poles of efficiency and excess. More broadly, these writer-directors are used as case studies that allow for an understanding of how dialogue functions in verbally experimental cinema, which, this book contends, is more often found in ‘independent’ or ‘art’ cinema. In questioning the association of dialogue-centred films with the ‘literary’ and the ‘un-cinematic’, the book highlights how speech in independent cinema can instead hinge on what is termed ‘cinematic verbalism’: when dialogue is designed and executed in complex, medium-specific ways. More broadly, the book provides a framework for analysing dialogue design and execution that can be readily applied to other films and filmmakers. It also highlights how speech can be central to cinema without overshadowing its medium-specific components. In so doing, the book develops new connections between film dialogue, reception studies, independent cinema and auteur studies.
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Garodnick, Daniel R. Saving Stuyvesant Town. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754371.001.0001.
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From city streets to City Hall and to Midtown corporate offices, this book is the incredible true story of how one middle-class community defeated the largest residential real-estate deal in American history. As a lifetime Stuy Town resident and former City Councilman, the author recounts how his neighbors stood up to mammoth real-estate interests and successfully fought to save their homes, delivering New York City's biggest-ever affordable-housing preservation win. In 2006, the author found himself engaged in an unexpected battle. Stuyvesant Town was built for World War II veterans by MetLife, in partnership with the City. Two generations removed, MetLife announced that it would sell Stuy Town to the highest bidder. The author and his neighbors sprang into action. Battle lines formed with real-estate titans like Tishman Speyer and BlackRock facing an organized coalition of residents, who made a competing bid to buy the property themselves. Tripped-up by an over-leveraged deal, the collapse of the American housing market, and a novel lawsuit brought by tenants, the real-estate interests collapsed, and the tenants stood ready to take charge and shape the future of their community. The result was a once-in-a-generation win for tenants and an extraordinary outcome for middle-class New Yorkers. The book shows how creative problem solving, determination, and brute-force politics can be marshalled for the public good. The nine-year struggle to save Stuyvesant Town by these residents is an inspiration to everyone who is committed to ensuring that New York remains a livable, affordable, and economically diverse city.
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Dino, Nelson, Baharudin Arus, Lokman Abdul Samad, and Jul-Amin Ampang. Suluk Ukkil on the Barong Expressions, motifs and meanings. UMS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/sulukukkilnelsonums2021.
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With its origin dating back to as early as the 500 BC, the ukkil forms part of a centuries-old woodcarving art and tradition of the Suluk, one of the many indigenous ethnic groups of Nusantara (Southeast Asia). Suluk ukkil bears striking resemblance to the Malay ukir, both featuring similar patterns and motifs. The ukkil is often used to decorate jewellery, boats, houses, grave markers, and mosques. It is also used to decorate the hilts and sheaths of bladed weapons such as the barung. The barung refers to the thick, leaf-shaped sword of the Suluk. A barung with beautifully carved hilt and sheath, especially those using expensive wood, is considered high value and usually reserved for Suluk aristocrats. This book narrates the expressions, motifs and meanings behind ukkil carved on the barung. It is based on the results of a two-year field research conducted in different districts of Sabah. It presents data gathered through various interviews with owners, elders, and subject-matter experts. It also presents data from direct observations of heirloom barung that are still found in the hands of a few Suluk and individuals from other indigenous ethnic groups. It presents new insights from analysis made using the Theory of Iconology, a framework of analyzing art popularized by German art historian Erwin Panofsky. The predominant themes of ukkil found on ancient barung in Sabah are Islamic; zoomorphic such as birds, lizards, snakes, and squids; plantomorphic such as vines, flowers, and leaves; and cultural such as those depicting local myths, culture, values and traditions of the Suluk. Each of these images and themes represent realities that shaped the daily lives of the Suluk from the past until today, including the wind, the ocean waves and sea currents, all of which are essential for travel and navigation. They also depict concepts, beliefs and practices important to the Suluk such as freedom, livelihood, aristocracy, harmony within the community, leadership, spirituality, and Islamic principles. The Suluk are a sea-faring people who have a deep relationship with their immediate environment, especially the sea. Suluk carvers draw inspiration from nature, the environment around them, their local culture, their religious practices, and their own values and ideals in life. Both the ukkil and the barung are an embodiment of their rich past, their livelihood, creativity, their faith, their principles and their values in life. Sadly, the practice of ukkil-carving is fast declining nowadays, with only very few practitioners left and so few individuals interested in learning about it. The barung too, where the ukkil is often carved on, is no longer being produced in large numbers. As the ukkil, like all forms of art, constitute an integral part of a nation’s culture and identity, it is important for it to be understood, preserved, and protected. This book provides fresh knowledge and insights that will help the Suluk and other indigenous tribes of Malaysia and Nusantara in the understanding and preservation of the ukkil as an essential aspect of their country’s or their region’s culture and heritage. This book offers historical background that will help explain the identity of the Suluk as a culturally and artistically advanced people with deep interconnection with other indigenous ethnic groups in Malaysia and the rest of Nusantara as early as the pre-colonial period. Knowledge about the ukkil can help people connect and correct their thoughts about the Suluk while at the same time promote cultural awareness and diversity among Malaysians and other people in Southeast Asia. This book will hopefully pave the way for more research to be done on the arts and culture, not just of the Suluk but also of other indigenous ethnic groups in the region as well. That knowledge will serve as a medium for keeping harmony and cultural links among each and every Malaysian and Nusantaran.
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LiTTscapes: Landscapes of Fiction from Trinidad and Tobago. St Augustine, Trinidad: Kris Rampersad, 2012.
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Hochschild, Arlie Russell. "On the Edge of the Time Bind: Time and Market Culture." In Work Less, Live More?, 80–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11537-9_5.
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Wink, Michael. "DNA Analyses Have Revolutionized Studies on the Taxonomy and Evolution in Birds." In Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97013.
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Whereas Linné aimed to classify all species of our planet by a unique binomial Latin name, later generations of taxonomists and systematicists intended to place the taxa in a natural system according to their phylogeny. This also happened in ornithology and still scientists are on the way to find the ultimate “Avian Tree of Life”. Formerly, systematic relationships were studied by comparing morphological characters. Since adaptive character evolution occurred frequently, convergences could lead to misleading conclusions. An alternative to morphological characters are biochemical markers, especially nucleotide sequences of marker genes or of complete genomes. They are less prone to convergent evolution. The use of DNA sequences of marker genes for bird systematics started around 1990. The introduction of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) facilitated the sequence analysis of large parts of bird genomes and to reconstruct the Avian Tree of Life. The genetic analyses allowed the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees and the detection of monophyletic clades, which should be the base for a phylogenetic classification. In consequence, several orders, families and genera of birds had to be rearranged. In addition, a number of species was split into several new species because DNA data could point out hidden lineages in cryptic species or in species complexes.
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Master, Lawrence L., and Lynn S. Kutner. "Vanishing Assets: Conservation Status of U.S. Species." In Precious Heritage. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125191.003.0010.
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“The air was literally filled with pigeons; the light of noonday was obscured as by an eclipse.” So observed John James Audubon, the eminent naturalist and bird artist, of a mass migration of passenger pigeons (Ectopistes migratorius) passing through Kentucky in 1813. For three days the pigeons poured out of the Northeast in search of forests bearing nuts and acorns. By Audubon’s estimate, the flock that passed overhead contained more than I billion birds, a number consistent with calculations made by other ornithologists. As the pigeons approached their roost, Audubon noted that the noise they made “reminded me of a hard gale at sea passing through the rigging of a close-reefed vessel.” Indeed, they were so numerous that by some accounts every other bird on the North American continent was probably a passenger pigeon at the time of European colonization (Schorger 1955). Yet despite this extraordinary abundance, barely 100 years later the last passenger pigeon, a female bird named Martha, died in the Cincinnati Zoo. The vast flocks of passenger pigeons moved around eastern North America, feeding mostly on the fruits of forest trees such as beechnuts and acorns. Two factors conspired to seal their fate. Because of their huge numbers, the birds were easy to hunt, especially at their roosting sites. Hunters were ingenious in developing increasingly efficient ways to slaughter the birds. Armed with sticks, guns, nets, or sulfur fires, hunters swept through the enormous roosting colonies, carting away what they could carry and feeding the remaining carcasses to their pigs. One of these methods, in which a decoy pigeon with its eyes sewn shut was attached to a perch, or stool, gave rise to the term stool pigeon. As the railroads expanded west, enormous numbers could be sent to major urban markets like New York, where pigeons became the cheapest meat available. They were so cheap and abundant that live birds were used as targets in shooting galleries. At the same time that this frontal assault on the pigeons was under way, human settlers were expanding into the interior of the country, clearing large areas of the forests on which the flocks depended for food.
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Troy, Michele K. "Homecoming." In Strange Bird. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300215687.003.0024.
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This chapter focuses on Albatross Press's return to the German publishing world. On March 17, 1949, Kurt Enoch returned to Germany for practical rather than personal reasons. He and Victor Weybright, his partner at American Penguin, had established a formidable partnership in New York, and like so many other British and American publishers they were looking to expand their European horizons. In 1949 Enoch focused on getting English-language books onto continental bookshelves. He got significant help from the Economic Cooperation Administration, formed in 1949 by American and allied governments to lend support to American publishers. This chapter examines how Albatross and Bernhard Tauchnitz fared in the postwar German market, with particular emphasis on the competition faced from other publishers.
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Troy, Michele K. "When the Bombs Fell." In Strange Bird. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300215687.003.0021.
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This chapter examines how the Allied bombings of Germany affected the lives of people in the Albatross-Tauchnitz fold, particularly Max Christian Wegner and Walter Gey. To celebrate the tenth anniversary of Adolf Hitler's reign, the Nazi elite gathered with thousands of party loyalists on January 30, 1943 for an evening of rousing speeches at the Berlin Sportpalast. The Allies commemorated Hitler's tenth anniversary by sending Royal Air Force Mosquito light bombers on a daylight air raid on the German capital. For Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Franklin Roosevelt, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff, this attack marked the beginning of the “strategic bombing” campaign they had agreed upon at the Casablanca Conference days earlier. This chapter considers Wegner's arrest and imprisonment at the height of World War II as well as Gey's efforts to make the best of the Albatross Press's ever-shrinking terrain.
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Potter, Simon J. "On the market, 1980–1999." In This is the BBC, 193–234. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898524.003.0007.
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During the 1980s, the BBC triumphed in bringing the nation together, and linked up the globe, with great ‘media events’ like the wedding of Princess Charles and Lady Diana and, later, Live Aid. Yet the BBC also faced significant challenges. The governments of Margaret Thatcher imposed new financial discipline on the BBC, and its own managers introduced internal markets in an attempt to fend off even more fundamental reforms. The BBC also engaged in serious disputes with the government over its political journalism, ultimately leading to the sacking of the director general, Alasdair Milne. Under his successors, Michael Checkland and John Birt, the commercialization of the BBC’s international and domestic operations proceeded apace. Dwindling resources meanwhile left the BBC struggling to compete with ITV. Some staff felt that the basic values of the BBC had been betrayed, and that independent journalism and creativity in programme-making had been badly undermined. The World Service meanwhile played a significant role in the final years of the Cold War and its aftermath, but then struggled to find a role. As the 1990s drew to a close, the BBC actively engaged with the start of the digital media revolution. It also sought to develop a less deferential relationship with the monarchy, notably through Martin Bashir’s famous interview with Diana. Her death, and the BBC’s coverage of her funeral, showed that the days of the media event were not yet over.
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Lewis, Daniel. "Introduction." In Belonging on an Island. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300229646.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter considers the spectrum that confounds the established scientific and cultural narrative about what “belongs” and what does not, and that the passage of time, even on a scale humans can readily make sense of, can reclassify something's belongingness. In the realm of Hawaiian birds, the villains are usually constituted as invasive species, and feather gatherers and collectors who killed very rare birds on the edge of extinction, and actors that continue to destroy native habitat. But the lives of birds in Hawaiʻi, birds of all kinds, along with the lives of humans there, have been marked by irregular change, naturalization, accommodation, disappearance, and reappearance. Villains in the nineteenth century thus became heroes in the twentieth, and vice versa.
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Raja Kumari Kallam, Naga, and Veerasamy Sejian. "Gut Health and Immunity in Improving Poultry Production." In Advances in Poultry Nutrition Research [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95989.
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A healthy gastro intestinal system is important for poultry to achieve its maximumproduction potential. This paper aims gut health and immunity to improve production in the poultry sector. Genetics, Nutrition and Bio security ate the factors influences the production. Gut consisting of various pH and micro biota throughout is an advantageous feature to prevent infections. Various components like Goblet cells, paneth cells, endocrine cells and absorptive enterocytes, tight junctions, GALT and Mucus play a major role in gut health. Balanced diet with optimum carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, organic acids and good management practices are important for improving production. Alteration in supplementation essential amino acids, Zn, Vit E, Se … viz. are needed according to changes in environment and production state of the bird to develop good immunity. Stress free environment with fine hormonal balance are imperative for maximum output. Exploration of genes involved in resistant to food borne pathogens and research towards bio markers for gut health is the need of the hour. In can be concluded that good gut health and immunity play a key role in production. These can be achieved y maintaining birds with optimum nutrients and stress free environment.
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Palekar, Srilatha, Arun Pardhi, and Sunanda Jindal. "Can Toyota Regain Its Footing in India?" In Indian Business Case Studies Volume VIII, 133–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869449.003.0016.
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Abstract From localization to cost control measures to small hybrid cars, Toyota is pulling out all stops in its recovery bid. For Toyota’s Indian operations, small isn’t beautiful; it is unprofitable. At least, that’s what the numbers would appear to suggest. Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd incurred a loss of Rs 180 crores in the fiscal year ended 31 March 2014, marking a dubious first in the Japanese automaker’s 15—year history in India. The loss was largely on account of a recent focus on the small—car Liva and the entry—level sedan Etios for a company that has always made money in India on the back of a focus on workhorse—like utility vehicles—the iconic Qualis first, and then the Innova—and up—market sedans such as the popular Corolla.
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Chan, W. K., S. C. Cheung, and Karl R. P. H. Leung. "A Metamorphic Testing Approach for Online Testing of Service-Oriented Software Applications." In Software Applications, 2894–914. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-060-8.ch170.
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Testing the correctness of services assures the functional quality of service-oriented applications. A service-oriented application may bind dynamically to its supportive services. For the same service interface, the supportive services may behave differently. A service may also need to realize a business strategy, like best pricing, relative to the behavior of its counterparts and the dynamic market situations. Many existing works ignore these issues to address the problem of identifying failures from test results. This article proposes a metamorphic approach for online services testing. The off-line testing determines a set of successful test cases to construct their corresponding follow-up test cases for the online testing. These test cases will be executed by metamorphic services that encapsulate the services under test as well as the implementations of metamorphic relations. Thus, any failure revealed by the metamorphic testing approach will be due to the failures in the online testing mode. An experiment is included.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Live bird market"
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. "“ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.
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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
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Wu, Weiwei, Xiang Liu, and Minming Li. "Budget-feasible Procurement Mechanisms in Two-sided Markets." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/76.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers the mechanism design problem in two-sided markets where multiple strategic buyers come with budgets to procure as much value of items as possible from the strategic sellers. Each seller holds an item with public value and is allowed to bid its private cost. Buyers could claim their budgets, not necessarily the true ones. The goal is to seek budget-feasible mechanisms that ensure sellers are rewarded enough payment and buyers' budgets are not exceeded. Our main contribution is a random mechanism that guarantees various desired theoretical guarantees like the budget feasibility, the truthfulness on the sellers' side and the buyers' side simultaneously, and constant approximation to the optimal total procured value of buyers.
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Kiritsis, Dimitris, and Paul Xirouchakis. "Deviplan: A Bid Preparation System for Mechanical SMEs." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The problem under consideration is the cost estimation and consequent bid preparation for machined parts subcontracted to mechanical small and medium enterprises (SME). This activity, i.e. cost estimation and corresponding bid preparation, becomes more and more important due to the increasing and globalized competition in this market. There is, therefore, a clear need for precise and accurate cost estimation of machined parts in order for a small company to justify its prices. The proposed prototype software system is based (i) on a manufacturing feature based product description of the part to be machined and (ii) on a non-linear model of its process plan using Petri nets, taking into consideration processing alternatives and precedence constraints, which allows a heuristic based best search of the process plan and, consequently, the corresponding machining time and cost. Product description is done interactively through user friendly interfaces and the corresponding process planning model is constructed automatically in the form of a Petri net. Machine tools and their characteristics are selected from a customized database. Tools and machining parameters are selected through a link with the tool management software TOOL Light©. Minimum time or cost process plans and corresponding bids are reported using the Petri net model of the machined part under consideration and using machining heuristics. The type of parts that are considered in our application are rotational or prismatic parts that are used as components in complex machines like machine tools or automatic assembly machines.
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Marinela, Istrate, Bănică Alexandru, and Athes Haralambie. "Preventing university dropout: the relation between the student vulnerability features and academic performance in the first year." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Educational services that universities offer to bachelor students are nowadays under the siege of numerous challenges, ranging from financial and institutional issues to fast changing labour market demands. Universities are confronting fast changes and uncertainties, being asked for adaptation, flexibility and higher ability to (re)act and find the best solutions. Within this broad context, university dropout is one particular new challenge that is often overlooked by decision makers and even by the teaching staff. Our study focuses on problems faced by the first year bachelor students of the Faculty of Geography and Geology at the oldest university in Romania, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, students who have benefitted from support from a program financed by BIRD and World Bank, named Romania Secondary Education Project (ROSE). In order to identify and analyse their academic pathway in the first year of study, we tried to correlate a number of qualitative and quantitative using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of the results indicates that the prevention of school drop-out should be approached as a continuous process starting from the early years of education. The adaptability to student life depends on the treatment of these inherited and overlooked disadvantages.
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Kodrich, L., P. Porterie, O. Lago, G. Bergonzelli, B. Sassetti, and J. C. Sanchez avalos. "MINI PLASMINOGEN-LIKE MOLECULE IN SEPTIC PATIENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have previously described (Thromb.Res.44(6),1986) an altered relation Plasminogen (Pig)/α2~antiplasmin (APL) (Plg/APL<0.6) in the plasma of septic patients. A probable explanation of the mechanism whereby this alteration takes place would be the degradation of Pig to fragments of lower molecular weight due to the action of leukocyte elastase.In order to confirm this we studied 10 patients with sepsis, which did not have clinicalorlaboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation or septic shock, with positive blood cultures for bacterial germs .Elastase-α1proteinase inhibitor complexes were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mean:510±181.9ug/l;normal range:86±28.5ug/l). Pig and APL functional activities were assayed by the amidolytic method; Pig: 40±8.9%; normal range: 100±20% .APL: 95±10.1% formal range 100+20%. Two different behaviors were observed in the plasma Pig of these patients with regard to their capacity to bind to Lysi-ne-Sepharose 4B.0n the basis of this observation the patients were divided into two group.Group A(4 patients) only presented Pig activity in fraction 1 (Pig without lysine binding sites : LBS). Group B (6 patients) presented Pig activity in fraction 1 and in fraction 2 (Pig with LBS).The normal controls presented Pig activity only in fraction 2. All the fractions which presented functional Pig activity also presented immunologic Pig activity and developed areas of lysis in heated fibrin plates after activation with urokinaseIt seems tenable the hypothesis that the action of the leukocyte elastase is responsible for the degradation of Pig and this modification in the molecule would give rise to a greater depuration thus explaining the marked drop of the plasmatic levels seen in septic patients.
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Ulbrich, Artur, Edwin Gobrecht, Michael R. Siegel, Erich Schmid, and Pamela K. Armitage. "High Steam Turbine Operating Flexibility Coupled With Service Interval Optimization." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Historically steam turbine operations were designed for a market that was typically either base load or intermediate duty load operation. The optimal steam turbine start-up profile was established using the maximum allowable component stress and therefore optimizing service time consumption. Over the last few years, the market requirements have changed significantly. The market requires plant start-up flexibility with the ability to accurately predict start-up time, and reliably meet the start-up time. Applying the historical steam turbine start-up philosophy either limits the operating flexibility of the plant or exceeds steam turbine allowable stresses increasing service time consumption. Innovative concepts are being presented on how steam turbines can achieve reduced start-up times while minimizing service time consumption thereby improving availability. These concepts allow the customer to be able to accurately predict start-up times and reliably meet the dispatch bid. Therefore, an economic calculation may be performed to determine the most effective start-up mode. This economic calculation will evaluate the impact to service life (inspection and test intervals) versus the benefits of power generation. The new concepts provide one solution for base load, intermediate duty load operation, and plants requiring fast start up capability. The new market needs for flexible operation including fast start-up times require plant operability enhancements [1]. Some of the operability enhancements that can be implemented include: • steam turbine stress controller and stress monitoring systems which allow a selection of the start-up mode determining the start-up time, thermal stress and service time consumption; • high level of plant automation; • plant systems designed to provide steam conditions necessary for selected start-up mode. The benefit of these solutions will be presented by means of examples from recently modified power plants. It is possible to achieve a significant improvement in the plant operation and start-up with low costs.
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Kreye, Melanie E., Yee Mey Goh, and Linda B. Newnes. "Modelling Uncertainty in Competitive Bidding." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the current market development of servitisation, manufacturing companies are required to compete through the provision of services as opposed to physical products. For such companies, the shift towards being a service provider often means they have to bid for service contracts, sometimes competitively. In the context of competitive bidding, the decision makers face various influencing uncertainties. Ignoring these uncertainties or their influences can result in problems such as the generation of too little profit or even a loss or the exposure to financial risks. Raising the decision maker’s awareness of the uncertainties can provide valuable information to assist in the decision-making process. The research presented in this paper presents an approach to modeling the uncertainties at the competitive bidding stage for long-life, high-value service contracts. The aim of this research is to provide decision makers with a decision matrix which illustrates the probability of winning the service contract and the probability of making a profit. The framework utilized for identifying the uncertainties and a layered approach for analyzing these uncertainties is described. These are then applied to a case study where the modeling approaches and data gathering methods are explained and the results are displayed via the decision matrix.
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Sadler, J. Evan. "THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma glycoprotein that is synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and perhaps by syncytiotrophoblast of placenta. The biosynthesis of vWF is very complex, involving proteolytic processing, glycosyla-tion, disulfide bond formation, and sulfation. Mature vWF consists of a single subunit of ∼ 250,000 daltons that is assembled into multimer ranging from dimers to species of over 10 million daltons. vWF performs its essential hemostatic function through several binding interactions, forming a bridge between specific receptors on the platelet surface and components of damaged vascular subendothelial connective tissue. Inherited deficiency of vWF, or von Willebrand disease (vWD), is the most common genetically transmitted bleeding disorder worldwide. The last two years has been a time of very rapid progress in understanding the molecular biology of vWF. Four research groups have independently isolated and sequenced the 9 kilobase full-length vWF cDNA. The predicted protein sequence has provided a foundation for understanding the biosynthetic processing of vWF, and has clarified the relationship between vWF and a 75-100 kilodalton plasma protein of unknown function, von Willebrand antigen II (vWAgll)/ vWAgll is co-distributed with vWF in endothelial cells and platelets, and is deficient in patients with vWD. The cDNA sequence of vWF shows that vWAgll is a rather large pro-peptide for vWF, explaining the biochemical and genetic association between the two proteins. vWF has a complex evolutionary history marked by many separate gene segment duplications. The primary structure of the protein contains four distinct types of repeated domains present in two to four copies each. Repeated domains account for over 90 percent of the protein sequence. This sequence provides a framework for ordering the functional domains that have been defined by protein chemistry methods. A tryptic peptide from the amino-terminus of vWF that overlaps domain D3 binds to factor VIII and also appears to bind to heparin. Peptides that include domain A1 bind to collagens, to heparin, and to platelet glycoprotein Ib. A second collagen binding site appears to lie within domain A3. The vWF cDNA has been expressed in heterologous cells to produce small amounts of functionally and structurally normal vWF, indicating that endothelial cells are not unique in their ability to process and assemble vWF multimers. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to show that deletion of the propeptide of vWF prevents the formation of multimers. Cloned cDNA probes have been employed to isolate vWF genomic DNA from cosmid and λ-phage libraries, and the size of the vWF gene appears to be ∼ 150 kilobases. The vWF locus has been localized to human chromosome 12p12—pter. Several intragenic RFLPs have been characterized. With them, vWF has been placed on the human genetic linkage map as the most telomeric marker currently available for the short arm of chromosome 12. A second apparently homologous locus has been identified on chromosome 22, but the relationship of this locus to the authentic vWF gene is not yet known. The mechanism of vWD has been studied by Southern blotting of genomic DNA with cDNA probes in a few patients. Three unrelated pedigrees have been shown to have total deletions of the vWF gene as the cause of severe vWD (type III). This form of gene deletion appears to predispose to the development of inhibitory alloantibodies to vWF during therapy with cryoprecipitate. During the next several years recombinant DNA methods will continue to contribute our understanding of the evolution, biosynthesis, and structure-function relationships of vWF, as well as the mechanism of additional variants of vWD at the level of gene structure.
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Arghandeh, Reza, and Robert Broadwater. "Distributed Energy Storage Control for Optimal Adoption of Solar Energy in Residential Networks." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental concerns, global warming and fossil fuel prices are creating a shift in the expectations of consumers and industries to move toward renewable energy resources. However, the inability to control the output of renewable resources, like wind and solar, results in operational challenges in power systems. The operational challenges of renewable resources can be met by energy storage systems. The energy storage systems scheduling can be used to control the effect of intermittent renewable energy resources. Furthermore, energy storage systems can be used for ancillary services, peak reduction, and mitigating contingencies in the distribution and transmission networks [1]. Distributed photovoltaic (DPV) rooftop panels are considered as renewable energy resources in this paper. Depending on the DPV size and solar irradiation, DPV adoption can create problems for the distribution network. In addition, utility companies have to pay different prices for electricity during different times of the day due to the dynamic electricity market. Therefore, the DPV adoption can be controlled with the help of real-time electricity price and the load profile. Facing these challenges, this paper presents an operational optimization algorithm for a Distributed Energy Storage (DES) system. The DES system presents a fleet of batteries connected to distribution transformers. The DES can be used for withholding DPV power before it is bid into the market. Withholding DPV generation represents a gaming method to realize higher revenues due to the time varying cost of electricity. Energy storage systems may be used to control DPV power variation and thus help distribution network operations [2]. The objective of this paper is to present a DES optimal economic control system to improve the DPV adoption in power distribution networks. The control system decisions depend on the load profiles, and the real-time Locational Marginal Price (LMP). Economic operation of the DES is a complex problem because of the time dependency of the battery capacity (where sufficient energy reserves must be maintained in case of power loss), the solar irradiation uncertainty, and the real-time electricity price variability. The mathematical approach used is the Discrete Ascent Optimal Programming (DAOP) algorithm. An advantage of DAOP is its assurance of convergence after a finite number of computational iterations.
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Nagah, Mostafa, and Mohamed Shaaban. "A Transactive Energy Microgrid Model using Blockchains." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The price of technology used in the production of renewable energy (RE) has come down significantly, and end users' roles have shifted from that of simple energy consumers to that of active participants in the creation of their energy. This new function is known as a prosumer, and it has led to the change in electricity markets by enabling prosumers to resell energy excess to electricity suppliers and other prosumers. As a result, there is a need for a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading network that makes use of the Ethereum blockchain and a smart contract mechanism to operate as an interface between prosumers and consumers. This paper develops a microgrid model incorporating Blockchain technology to simulate peer-to-peer energy transactions. In the simulation setup, solar panels are employed as the primary source of electrical energy. In addition, energy storage batteries when the sun sets, complement the energy provided by the solar PV in the simulation developed. Furthermore, an automated bidding system to facilitate energy transactions is implemented. The bidding system consists of a full interface that shows houses supply, demand, batteries, and the bid on the energy. The simulation is carried out for 20 days, with 15 houses connected to the grid. Full transaction simulation resulted in peak prices that were more than 25 percent lower than real-life energy tariff coming from the electric utility company.
Звіти організацій з теми "Live bird market"
1
Demir, Abdullah. Oku Okut Derneği Faaliyet Raporu-2021. Oku Okut Yayınları, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55709/okuokutyayinlari.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Öğrencilerin okuma becerilerini geliştirmek ve topluma okuma alışkanlığı kazandırmak amacıyla projeler üretmeyi ve bu alanda ücretsiz hizmet sunmayı görev edinen Oku Okut Derneği, 07 Aralık 2020 tarihinde Ankara’da kuruldu. Kanunlar çerçevesinde faaliyet gösteren bir sivil toplum kuruluşu olan Derneğimiz, toplum yararı için eğitim alanında sahip olduğu programlarla, okuma alışkanlığının artırılması amacıyla faaliyetler yürütmektedir. Oku Okut Derneği’nin misyonu; kendini, tarihini, kültürünü ve dünyayı bilme yolunda olan öğrencilerimize, bilimsel veriler ve uluslararası başarılı uygulama örnekleri perspektifinde okuma alışkanlığı kazandırmak ve bu alışkanlığın tüm toplumda yaygınlaşmasını sağlamaktır. Oku Okut Derneği’nin hedef kitlesi; öncelikle öğrencilerimiz, vatandaşlarımız ve yurt dışında yaşayan soydaşlarımızdır. Oku Okut Derneği’nin kapsama ve hizmet alanı; yapay zekâ ve çevrim içi teknolojik imkânlarla yakın planda Türkiye, gelecekte tüm dünyadır. Oku Okut Derneği’nin vizyonu; okuma alışkanlığı kazandırmada ve kitap okumayı desteklemede Türkiye’nin KIZILAY’ı olmaktır. Oku Okut Derneği’nin amacı, öğrencilere “kitap okuma alışkanlığı” kazandırmak ve bu alışkanlığı toplumda yaygınlaştırmak amacıyla kapsamlı akademik araştırmalar yaparak her durum için özel “okuma projeleri” üretmektir. Yürütülecek projelerle eğitim-öğretimin her kademesindeki öğrenciler için kitaplarla buluşma imkânları oluşturulacaktır. Okuma-anlama becerilerinin geliştirilmesi için her okuyucuya yapay zekâ ve eğitim danışmanları aracılığıyla rehberlik hizmeti verilecektir. Ayrıca alanında uzman öğretim üyelerinin danışmanlığında ilkokul, ortaokul, lise, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencilerine yönelik çevrim içi okuma kulüpleri oluşturularak öğrencilerin yazarlarla buluşması sağlanacaktır. Proje kapsamında gayretli ve başarılı olan öğrencilerin ödüllendirilmesi; maddi imkânı kısıtlı olan ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise öğrencilerine yönelik ücretsiz çevrim içi canlı destek kurslarının düzenlenmesi de hedeflenmektedir. Oku Okut Derneği’nin projelerine ve sunduğu hizmetlere katılım tamamen ücretsizdir ve www.okuokut.org adresinden kayıtla gerçekleşmektedir. Oku Okut Akademi, 27 Mart 2021 tarihinde Oku Okut Derneği tarafından kurulmuş online akademik eğitim platformudur. Oku Okut Akademi, uzaktan eğitimin getirdiği teknolojik imkanlarla Oku Okut Derneği tarafından yürütülen bir uzaktan eğitim projesidir. Oku Okut Akademi: Online Akademik Eğitim Platformu Projesi'nde tüm seviyelerdeki öğreciler ile çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı eğitimini tamamlayamamış vatandaşlarımızın desteklenmesi, katılımcılara uzaktan eğitim teknolojisi ile öğretmen ve materyal desteği sağlanması öngörülmektedir. Projeyle; ihtiyaç duyduğu bilgiyi arayan öğrencilerin ve dezavantajlı grupların desteklenmesi ve kendini geliştirmek isteyen bireylere imkân sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Oku Okut Akademi'nin hedefi, bireylerde oluşan deneyim ve uzmanlık bilgilerinin diğer bireylere ücretsiz olarak aktarılabilmesine imkân sağlayacak dijital eğitim platformunun hayata geçirilmesidir. Tüm bireyler; “öğrenen” veya “öğreten” olarak projede yer alabilmektedir. Oku Okut Akademi; içerisinde uzaktan eğitim (LMS) ve canlı yayın sistemleri, video, doküman ve haber portalları gibi bilgi üretim ve aktarım teknolojilerini içeren güçlü bir altyapıyı ile tüm katılımcılara ücretsiz olarak hizmet sunmaktadır.