Дисертації з теми "Littoraux – Politique publique"
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Ursulet, Dorice. "La gestion du littoral martiniquais : réflexion critique à partir du cas de la commune atlantique du Robert." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20109.
Повний текст джерелаAToday, as we face obvious threats on the coasts and lands of Martinique, it is important to implement a management policy, in order to develop economy as well as to protect the essentially frail areas on a long-term basis. Our aim is to do an efficient analysis, both systemic and integrative, which deals with each side of the development, protection and coordination of the policies led by all the forces involved, regarding the context. Needless to say, themes such as “Integrated Policy of Coastal Areas”, sustainable development and efficient governance are extremely fundamental and need to be assessed. However, the local context shows numerous management problems which prevent from developing a long-term policy. The stake here is to identify and think over these problems to find the best appropriate policy for the island and its socioeconomic and administrative structure. In order to see our research through, we will dwell on the town of Robert, located on the Atlantic coast of Martinique, the only coastal town to have enforced the “Integrated Coastal Zone Management” in its coasts management. In the first part of our research, we will bring out the management and states of the coast system, more precisely the physical, economical, social and historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. And historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. In the second and last part, we will underline the new demands involving sustainable development as regards public policy and assessment are concerned. This research, based on local facts, will allow us to assess the policy in the town mentioned above, to bring out the limits and viewpoints as well as the importance of representations. Needless to say, what is valid for this small town is also valid for the island
Gustave, Marc. "L’action publique locale à l’épreuve de l’Anthropocène : une étude comparative entre deux territoires littoraux atlantiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROD006.
Повний текст джерелаThe French coastal territories reveal the complexity of the issues related to the Anthropocene. Both attractive and fragile, they must face natural and anthropic pressures from the land and the sea. In this context, a key subject has to do with the management capacities of coastal public action in order to sustain livable territories; its paradigms (New Public Management) are being questioned by critical works in management sciences. Our problem is thus formalized: how does the Anthropocene impact and modify coastal public action? Through a comparative and qualitative study, we study several intra-cases common to both local coastal authorities of La Rochelle and the Pays Basque and then analyze the practices of territorial actors. The case method makes it possible to apprehend in its totality, and by units of analysis, to thus understand a situation of management. The results of this research outline a long-established operating framework as well a sincremental changes in public action, and highlight co-production approaches that could help facing the complexity entailed by the ecological emergency. Organizing and facilitating collaboration, through a ripple effect between different actors, and considering scientific and ecosystem issues, allows for the emergence of increasingly complex solutions. This thesis demonstrates the interest of using a fresh paradigm called New Public Governance, capable of renewing the functioning of coastal public action and meet the challenges of the Anthropocene
Mérat, Pierre Jorès. "Le littoral, le cœur de la pauvreté en Haïti : quand les politiques publiques appauvrissent les territoires." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Haitian coastline today appears as an observatory of the relations between the inhabitants of this area and the public policies adopted by the State since the accession to independence in 1804. All the national surveys (ENMP and ECVMAS I and 2) have shown that the concentration of extreme poverty is in coastal areas and adjacent islands. Even within the cities, known for being better off than the rest of the country, the coastal facades are the center of urban poverty. The "legal void" that is set in fact, transforms coastal areas into a particularly attractive but uncontrollable and unmanageable space. This pernicious attractiveness makes it possible to capture a population qualified as marginal. The created marginality, related to under-equipment and poor governance, will facilitate the emergence and spatial inscription of illegal and illicit forms of activity. However, these littoral spaces are also animated by a pluriactivity allowing the poorest to survive or to obtain a complementary income (cabotage, fishing etc.). The ambition of the present study is articulated around a set of questions that is as follows: how a national and territorial construction can be a generator of poverty, what are the manifestations of this spatial poverty, how does the coastal occupation is carried out without maritimization?, in what way takes care of spatial inequality and especially how public policies impoverish these territories and the populations that occupy them?
Poulain, France. "L'urbanisation du littoral par le camping-caravaning illégal sur parcelles privées : non-respect des lois d'aménagement et tolérance de pratiques illicites." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082312.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 1970's, the French coastline has become the favourite location for those purchasing a second home. As a result, more than 90. 000 campers use plots of land, be it farmland or otherwise, to temporarily house their lodgings : caravans, mobile home and other light recreational vehicles. As these small lodgings have gradually become more permanent fixtures, the result has contributed to the increasing urbanisation of these areas. The fact that this popular practice of occupying land has developed outside of current regulation means that the environmental cost of the phenomenon has been high. The study allows a real understanding of the impact of land planning and environmental protection on the behaviour of private landowners in areas under particular strain. It also allows a chance to analyse the management style of the public authorities in the face of the continuing crisis in the levels of public interest, highlighted today by this tolerance of an illegal practice
Rocle, Nicolas. "L’adaptation des littoraux au changement climatique : une gouvernance performative par expérimentations et stratégies d’action publique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0896/document.
Повний текст джерелаSea level rise accelerated by climate change is of major concern at international scale since the 1990’s. From now on, climate change adaptation is institutionalized from global to local scales. I analyze policy making processes related to climate change adaptation in French coastal areas. Two qualitative case studies are at the heart of the thesis: Aquitaine coastline and Martinique Island (French West Indies). They are contrasted in their history, their coastal planning policy and their social dynamics, though they share common processes of attractiveness and vulnerability to submersion and coastal erosion. I analyze discourses, actors and policy instruments in the legitimization of anticipation and preparation as guiding principles to cope with coastal risks and threats. The theoretical framework builds on political sociology of science and policy, as well as insights from pragmatic sociology. Direct observation of local, regional and national consultation and steering committees, semi-structured interviews and documentation analysis are the key methodological approaches. A questionnaire survey has been conducted in the coastal town of Lacanau, on Aquitaine coastline, in order to analyze the way in which residents and users experiment coastal retreat. The main line of argumentation advanced in this thesis is that coastal adaptation to climate change proceeds with performative governance, by which policy devices and narratives are geared towards building adaptation policies upon their interpretive effects. I demonstrate how climate adaptation mainstreaming and planning (adaptation and coastal risks prevention plans…) is combined with experimentalist forms to govern new adaptation options (like planned retreat) and with a new public risk management in which political and institutional risks are as important to prevent as socio-ecological vulnerabilities. The concept of “public action strategy” is built to better capture these forms of managerial policy instruments used for framing, rationalizing and performing a governance of preparedness and adaptation, by means of expert knowledge, collaborative procedures and concertation to render local actors accountable for their own security. State steering practices and decentralization policies are key processes shaping coastal adaptation and risk regulation. This new public risk management strengthens expert configurations for defining and operationalizing coastal risks policy strategies
Bo, Damien. "La gouvernance des partenariats public-privé : exemple des ports de plaisance français." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0028.
Повний текст джерелаPublic-Private partnerships are presented as a solution to renovate public management. There are increasing both in developed and developing countries. New governance solution, their concrete application lacks studies on the subject. The goal of this research is to study how public actors organize yachting harbors concession governance. The concession is actually a specific model of public-private partnership in which France has an old and rich tradition. This research while conceptual and empirical has allowed the development of a methodical framework for analyzing public actors’ behavior facing private partner and stakeholders. The iteratively constructed framework aims at adding contractual theories with the conventional model. This later one cumulates critical approaches. This work has allowed the drawing of several conclusions. First, it gives a look at all the harbors stakeholders, their claims and means. Then, it gives a public actors behavior analyze within these partnerships. A quantitative survey points out the weakness of monitoring that leads to public domain privatization. Finally, we draw public-private partnerships governance improvement axis and wonder on the future facing the world evolution of seashore regulation
Le, Fur Yann. "La patrimonialisation des grands sites : évolution des doctrines et transformation des espaces : exemple des promontoires littoraux emblématiques bretons." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869354.
Повний текст джерелаRedon, Jean-Pierre. "La conduite des politiques publiques sur le littoral." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131004.
Повний текст джерелаA study of the relative responsibilities of the state and the local authorities as concerns the coast shows that the state is dominant in both policy and management, both over the coastal areas and the activities that occur there. In the first part of the thesis it is shown that the relations between the center and the periphery are the key to understanding public authority intervention, in particular in town planning and development. On the other hand, as concerns economic activities linked to the sea, presented in the second part of the thesis, it is the global-sectorial balance that is called into question. On the coast, relations between the center and the periphery are no longer critical : the state is present in carrying out its essential activities as are the different professions organized into corporate bodies. What is the role of the state, in particular in the interprofessional corporate organizations in fishing and sea farming ? The state has delegated powers to them as part of joint-management system. But if this delegation of authority tends to reinforce their autonomy, and that of local leaders of professional organizations, it has no influence on the nature of the decisions actually made, which remain legislative acts adopted unilate
Sonnic, Erwan. "La navigation de plaisance : territoires de pratiques et territoires de gestion : entre dualité et nécessité de fusion pour une évolution progressiste de l'activité." Rennes 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011637.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 1960s, the activity of yachting has known a record development and Brittany is directly involved. Indeed, its coastline harbours more than 76. 000 pleasure crafts and contains hundreds of marinas, harbours and moorings. But beyond these figures, pleasure boating has its own territorial logic which is linked with harbours and moorings, yachting practices, and also with a hinterland where nautical sector firms and yachting residences are localised. Through this research work, many territorial uses, at the same time terrestrial and maritime, have been distinguished all along the Breton coastline. Even if more and more local authorities admit the legitimacy of these territories, there are still difficulties between the users and the administrative divisions. As these areas which are used for pleasure boating are appropriate in order to manage pleasure boating, but difficult to identify, this thesis proposes some keys to achieve this identification
Gayon, Benjamin. "Maîtrise foncière publique en zone littorale : les politiques de régulation foncière sur la côte basque française." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1803/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to understand the organization of the public actors who develop local land policies on the French Basque coast, by analyzing this public land action system in the course of decentralization, from the 1970s until today. The study of this territory shows the consequences of the gradual repositioning of the State, including how local governments have taken on the competence of the land regulation. The expertise, previously carried by the State, is ensured today by a multitude of structures, which contribute to complicating the interplay of local actors. In parallel, the Basque civil society has been mobilized around land issues (first in the agricultural policies): an alternative system has been built. The land issues pose in new terms the inescapable question of the institutionalization of the Basque Country
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Pascal, Benjamin. "DE LA « TERRE DES ANCÊTRES » AUX TERRITOIRES DES VIVANTS : Les enjeux locaux de la gouvernance sur le littoral sud-ouest de Madagascar." Phd thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0009.
Повний текст джерелаFollowing in-depth rethinking of the renewable resources management, local governance is now the subject of growing interest among the administration and scientific communities. Our study tackles this wide issue, in particular by using empirical data collected on the southwestern Malagasy coast. Detached from the prescriptive aspects (through the notion of “good governance”), we see that this concept covers a particularly interesting analytical dimension. This involves considering the dynamic processes of elaboration and interaction that are established between several types of actors and institutions involved in the management and use of the same space. In view of the complexity of these processes, I will then explore the links between local governance and territoriality of the actors. Locally, the effects of the exogenous interventions are then analysed from the angle of territorial dynamics
Hoffer, Olivier. "Quand le littoral se ferme. Quelle gouvernance de l'accès et des usages de l'interface littorale dans les agglomérations d'Auckland, Nouméa et Port-Vila ?" Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0026.
Повний текст джерелаFor at least two decades now, Auckland, Nouméa and Port-Vila have been experiencing a very strong urban development, that could involve the gradual privatization of the shore. The closure of the coast, due to the market strategies, could in these three cities jeopardize practises as widespread as subsistence fishing or simply walking by the sea. This would be a paradox in three cities surrounded by the sea. It would threaten the sustainability of those recent cities in search of identity and urbanity. This research aims at providing an evaluation grid of access to the coastal interface in urban areas, and interrogates for the creation of a governance based on a « right to the shore ». In each agglomeration, what mechanisms lead to the closure of the seafront? What are the measures developed to ensure public access to the coastline, and what are their spatial consequences? Is the public authority crucial to allow access to the shore? Furthermore, it will enable a comparison between three coastal management ways, and broadly a reflexion concerning urban and coast interaction
Cacqueray, Mathilde de. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Повний текст джерелаOver the centuries society has modified its representation of marine space, moving from the concept of «empty oceans» to that of «saturated seas ». Indeed, in addition to « traditional» established activities (commercial fishing, navigation etc,) have been superimposed the intensification of certain practices (extraction of marine aggregates, leisure navigation etc. ) and also new activities which, until now, have been purely terrestrial or coastal but which are destined for development in the open sea (marine renewable energy, offshore aquaculture etc. ). In the face of these new developments, the necessity of conserving the marine environment has also encouraged the multiplication of marine protected areas (marine nature parks, Natura 2000 sites, etc. ). There is thus an increase in the demand for maritime space which the actual availability of space cannot respond to, outside of integrated management enabling the cohabitation between ail the various maritime activities. But the particularities of maritime space call for a specific approach. Nowadays, lntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a procedure which is recognized at an international level in response to these issues. But its applications are still too often limited to an experimental stage and the feedback on experiments show that they are limited to coastal land or to confine maritime spaces. It is in this context that Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) would seem to be useful, enabling the extension of the principles of ICZM towards the sea. After studying the implications of MSP, in particular thanks to the analysis of existing experiences at an international level, this thesis focuses on an evaluation of the position of France in relation to MSP in the context of the elaboration of its strategy of Integrated Management of the Sea and Coastline (IMSC). The theoretical aspects of MSP are compared to the conditions on the ground at different levels and, in particular, to those of the maritime basin of Lorient. This approach enables the identification of key elements and issues related to the application of MSP in the context of metropolitan France
Foury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Повний текст джерелаThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Duhalde, Michel. "Analyse des instruments des politiques de la biodiversité : le cas de Natura 2000 en milieu littoral et marin." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаTaking the Natura 2000 sites on the French coastal area as a case study, this work aims at strengthening the understanding of the practices in terms of local biodiversity conservation measures, analysed through the concept of public policy instruments : what are the instruments that are chosen, during both the planning and implementation phases? What are the factors influencing these choices? Our work combines two approaches. First, a quantitative analysis allows us to describe the measures that are provided in 113 management documents (Docobs) of coastal Natura 2000 sites. Through a method to select and average binomial logistic models, we identify contextual factors that influence the choice of instruments of action. Second, a qualitative analysis focuses on the coastal Natura 2000 sites in Brittany and paves the way to a better understanding of the implementation of the different instruments available for the management of the sites. Our results tend to show that the choices of instruments of action on each site are parts of the adjustments allowing the integration of the policy into a formal and informal institutional local context. In particular, the regulatory instrument seems to play a significant role in the implementation of this policy, but this role is sensitive to the local context of the site, especially the political context. We emphasize the association of some instruments to different types of ecosystems. Our results lead to question the autonomous nature of the Natura 2000 policy for the marine area. Our results also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the different instruments of action in the implementation phase, especially with regards to the associated transaction costs. In the face of the constraints that we identify, we stress the importance of the operational complementarity of voluntary and regulatory instruments, of the commitment of local authorities and of the leading role of the Natura 2000 site managers
Bodmer, Dolorès. "Le littoral de la Province Nord en Nouvelle-Calédonie: Quel développement durable ?" Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641510.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Cacqueray Mathilde. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Повний текст джерелаBawedin, Vincent. "La Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC) confrontée aux dynamiques territoriales dans le bassin d'Arcachon et sur la côte picarde." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431534.
Повний текст джерелаCalvet, Fabrice. "L'appréhension juridique du risque d'érosion côtière." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1194.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study is to analyze how the risk of coastal erosion is apprehended at a legal point of view. This natural risk is characterized by a gradual encroachment of the sea on land, intending to grow in the coming decades according to the latest scientific reports. However, it is observed that beside this, the metropolitan coast are home to an increasingly growing population ; so we find the meeting of two contradictory trends. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to observe the legal consequences of this confrontation. So, in order to achieve the reconciliation of these issues, we will demonstrate the importance of the development of public policies for managing coastal erosion in favor of an integrated approach, based on fundamental principles of ICZM. Our study will thus provide a legal expression of this development