Дисертації з теми "Littoraux – Aménagement – Occitanie (France)"
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Bosch, Mélanie. "L'urbanisation et la gouvernance du littoral : l'illustration de l'obsolescence d'un modèle d'aménagement : politiques et croissances urbaines du littoral occitan, 60 ans après la mission "racine"." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0008.
Propelled and immersed in the debates surrounding the legislation of coastline retreat initiated by the government in 2018 at the same time as the start of our research project, we saw how this regulatory emulation represented a turning point in the way we apprehended future coastal development. Previously regarded as a mere directive, the "spatial recomposition" ordinance now legally enshrines the strategic relocation of populations and economic activities to the retro-coastal zone within urban planning tools. On the scale of the Occitanie region, this prescription in itself raises questions about the durability of the urban production model for the coastal area, as this paradigm shift actually shatters the foundations of a model which, sixty years ago, changed the face of this regional territory, and which today is just as structuring and influential when we look at its trajectory. Built on a logic of growth, the great interministerial project, the 1963 "Racine" mission, placed the Occitan coastal area within a regime of capitalist urban growth, which was able to maintain, renew and anchor itself in a context of neo-liberalization of urban policies. Stemming from a centralized system, the coastal development model has given rise to a process of accumulation characterized by a return system that has found a new field of expansion in decentralization. The many processes associated with this model (political, economic, social and spatial) overlap with the major contemporary urban dynamics of coastal areas: the extension of the "Racine" mission through the affirmation and revaluation of this political and economic heritage, the political desire to upgrade the real estate stock of the 1960s, a dynamic real estate market seized by property development, and a coastal area seized by landlord trends implemented by a group of private individuals. These phenomena reveal an urban market for the coastline, making it part of a form of marketization in the making of the city. This thesis therefore examines the place and role of political and economic regimes in the face of the desire for change suggested by legislation for the natural restoration of coastal areas. It implements measures, on the scale of root resorts and particularly that of Saint-Cyprien, by immersion as a project manager and researcher, and through a qualitative investigation based on a varied collection of field data, intense archival work, the construction and production of original cartographic databases with a spatialization of the making of the coastal city mobilizing the products of residential and real estate taxation, and an unprecedented geohistory ; which provide a portrait of the different political-economic regulatory regimes that have transformed and recomposed the Occitan coastal space and its trajectory. An approach at the crossroads of social, radical, and economic geographies provides an original interpretation grid for exploring this field. The rise of coastal urban policies on political agendas can be seen in the construction, structuring and maintenance of a pro-growth coastal urban regime, underpinned by policies of reterritorialization through the commodification of coastal space. Our four-year immersion in the political arenas involved in the production of public policy for the future development of the coastline enabled us to be at the heart of the forces of inertia and the ways of circumventing that operate in the face of the privatization of the "coastal space" resource
Redon, Jean-Pierre. "La conduite des politiques publiques sur le littoral." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131004.
A study of the relative responsibilities of the state and the local authorities as concerns the coast shows that the state is dominant in both policy and management, both over the coastal areas and the activities that occur there. In the first part of the thesis it is shown that the relations between the center and the periphery are the key to understanding public authority intervention, in particular in town planning and development. On the other hand, as concerns economic activities linked to the sea, presented in the second part of the thesis, it is the global-sectorial balance that is called into question. On the coast, relations between the center and the periphery are no longer critical : the state is present in carrying out its essential activities as are the different professions organized into corporate bodies. What is the role of the state, in particular in the interprofessional corporate organizations in fishing and sea farming ? The state has delegated powers to them as part of joint-management system. But if this delegation of authority tends to reinforce their autonomy, and that of local leaders of professional organizations, it has no influence on the nature of the decisions actually made, which remain legislative acts adopted unilate
Noailles, Mikaël. "La construction d'une économie touristique sur la Côte Aquitaine des années 1820 aux années 1980 : politiques d'aménagement, pratiques sociales et développement local." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30047.
This study of modern tourism covers a long time – from its birth to its peak. It investigates the very roots of today’s tourism in Aquitaine, through tourism-related regional development, which has been its irretrievable indication from the beginning, but it also examines the social, political and economic environment. It is essential to study how democratization and massification have brought tourism from the fringe to the heart of the region’s political and socioeconomic system. In fact, the period from the1820’s to the 1980’s corresponds to a phase of construction, organization and change for that activity. Tourism tends to become an organized, increasingly prestigious socioeconomic sector. The emerging and developing tourism system generates an economy in the first sense of the word: the art of running and managing an activity. The effects of that long period of deep change were the organization of the tourism sector with a network of varied actors, as well as modifications in the tourists’ practices. Tourism, once a complementary activity, becomes an autonomous economic sector, which contributes to local development – a proof of its assertion and legitimating process. This paper also studies the evolution in the identity of the côte des Landes de Gascogne, then of the côte d’Argent, and eventually of the Côte Aquitaine – three terms naming the same place, but tallying with three distinct identity periods which make up the originality of the littoral. Indeed, regional identity, social practices, regional planning politics and wills for local development, have interacted on that coast with more or less power, impelled by more or less powerful and organized actors
Ide, Mayssoun. "Aménagement et protection des littoraux méditerranéens : Marseille (France) et Lattaquié (Syrie), étude comparée." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/188223673#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Since the beginning of the 70's, the coastal zone became the subject of a specific policy based on protecting the environment, limiting the urbanization and artificialization of coasts, taking into consideration the issues of this geographical entity. The Mediterranean littoral zones have been coveted for a long time and are undergoing dangerous littoralization, which requires more conservative measures than other zones. To deal with this situation, some governments of Mediterranean countries adopted tools and specific policy for the planning and/or the preservation of littoral zones. France adopted in 1986 a coastal law. Inspiring from the French experience, Spain enacted the coastal law in 1988. Other countries took the same strategy (e. G. Turkey in 1990 and Algeria in 2002). Morroco and Greece belong to a group that adapted a coastal draft law. Most Mediterranean countries have sectored regulations to manage their coastal areas, actually Syria belongs to this group. In this context, by comparative study between two coastal harbor cities (Marseille and Latakia), this thesis aims to understand how this portion of land is planned and preserved, in a country with specific legal frames for littoral zones (France) and another one (Syria) possessing some sectored regulations for coastal zones. It also raises the question of the role of local and regional authorities, as well as the actors involved in the planning and management of coastal areas
Rochard, Patrick. "Les structures internes des plages de sable : évaluation de différentes approches méthodologiques, exemple d'un ensemble de plages bordant la mer d'Iroise." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1009.
Ursulet, Dorice. "La gestion du littoral martiniquais : réflexion critique à partir du cas de la commune atlantique du Robert." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20109.
AToday, as we face obvious threats on the coasts and lands of Martinique, it is important to implement a management policy, in order to develop economy as well as to protect the essentially frail areas on a long-term basis. Our aim is to do an efficient analysis, both systemic and integrative, which deals with each side of the development, protection and coordination of the policies led by all the forces involved, regarding the context. Needless to say, themes such as “Integrated Policy of Coastal Areas”, sustainable development and efficient governance are extremely fundamental and need to be assessed. However, the local context shows numerous management problems which prevent from developing a long-term policy. The stake here is to identify and think over these problems to find the best appropriate policy for the island and its socioeconomic and administrative structure. In order to see our research through, we will dwell on the town of Robert, located on the Atlantic coast of Martinique, the only coastal town to have enforced the “Integrated Coastal Zone Management” in its coasts management. In the first part of our research, we will bring out the management and states of the coast system, more precisely the physical, economical, social and historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. And historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. In the second and last part, we will underline the new demands involving sustainable development as regards public policy and assessment are concerned. This research, based on local facts, will allow us to assess the policy in the town mentioned above, to bring out the limits and viewpoints as well as the importance of representations. Needless to say, what is valid for this small town is also valid for the island
Capet, Yann. "La Recomposition du territoire littoral en France métropolitaine." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0157.
The variety of the actors and the reduction of the legal instruments contribute to make of the coast a fragmented space. The movement of reorganization which gets territories today seems to be able to restore him a certain unity renewing there even the legal apprehension of which it was until then the object. The consolidation of the concept of Integrated Coastal Zones Management, at the same time as the development of the reorganization of territories, opens the way to a new conception of the relations maintained between law and littoral. The reorganization of the territories, as essential modality of the ICZM, open the possibility of restoring the unity of the coast, in the fact that it pulls the consequences of the maladjustment of the traditional administrative territories and that it restores the sector-based instruments drawn by the law in a global and unified perspective. The appeal to the notion of reorganization of the territory for the implemented of has ICZM renew connections between the law and the coast and tends to a certain extent to restore it in one system opened to the specificities. The coast is then envisaged under the angle of a general approach opened to the variety thanks to a revival of connections between law and territory. This hypothesis seems to authorize a new reading of the littoral problems by allowing to integrate at the same moment spaces, standards and actors in a management system the end of which is the sustainable development of the coast
Dahome, Di Ruggiero Michelle. "Evolution, exploitation et amenagement des zones humides littorales dans les petites Antilles Françaises." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0240.
The humid coastal zones (mangroves swamps, marshy forest, marsh meadow) of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Subjects to anthropic pressures, are they ln danger? The traditionals activities detremine a phytologic spatio-temporal dynamic of environment ensuring a newbalance to the system. With the analysis of aerial photographies, field-cheeking, a bibliographie synthesis permitted a typography based on the nature of the back mangrove swamp and a cartography of the spatial evolution of these zones of 1950 to 2004. Ali the diminishedprocesses are seen near urbaniazed areas. The counting ob of biological and physical indicators of the anthropisation convey thecharacteristics of traditionals uses differently applied in the 2 islands. The estimate of the anthropic pressure show the vulnerability of the forests near urbanized zones or roads and meadows and marshes. Surveys conducted in the field define the population of users and the social determinism of the uses. The study of popular regional events 'crab feast, shooting) gives the resources value of these habitats anexplains the economic of humid littoral of uses. These 2 determinisms pose the problem of the Iimiting utllizations of zhl. If the protectionsystem ot these 2 islands is identical (national or intemationallaws) but the management implemented in each of them is different. In Guadeloupe, it's necessary to propose concerted actions between ail actors of zhl for an better integrated
Beaugrand, Didier. "L'aménagement récent du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : le rôle des acteurs locaux." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10030.
The nord-pas de calais' littoral has been concerned, from the 1980's years, by the realization of several planning projects more or less kinked to the channel tunnel boring. Those projects have often been conceived and developped by "exogene" actors but the local actors have often intervened to make the littoral benefit by them. Therefore, the elected members have often played a dominating part and sometimes, the local selfishness have prevailed, remaining the weight of administrative borders. Those actors have usually tried to define new territory bases of solidarity so as to institute new planning strategies including those disruptions
Lanot, Jean-Michel. "La naturbanisation, concept et processus d'aménagement : gérer la fréquentation touristique des espaces naturels protégés." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1003.
Naturbanization is a new word which is close to oxymoron. Yet the town and country plannings flourishing on the edge of protected territories seem to show that the two words are not so contradictory. That is why we will set out to prove that town and country plannings, relating back to specific social practices and representations and to some extend an idea of nature, are developping around natural areas
Breton, Erwan. "Fréquentation, usages et représentations des espaces littoraux protégés de Bretagne : (observations, analyses systémiques et propositions de gestion)." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1016.
Poulain, France. "L'urbanisation du littoral par le camping-caravaning illégal sur parcelles privées : non-respect des lois d'aménagement et tolérance de pratiques illicites." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082312.
Since the 1970's, the French coastline has become the favourite location for those purchasing a second home. As a result, more than 90. 000 campers use plots of land, be it farmland or otherwise, to temporarily house their lodgings : caravans, mobile home and other light recreational vehicles. As these small lodgings have gradually become more permanent fixtures, the result has contributed to the increasing urbanisation of these areas. The fact that this popular practice of occupying land has developed outside of current regulation means that the environmental cost of the phenomenon has been high. The study allows a real understanding of the impact of land planning and environmental protection on the behaviour of private landowners in areas under particular strain. It also allows a chance to analyse the management style of the public authorities in the face of the continuing crisis in the levels of public interest, highlighted today by this tolerance of an illegal practice
Clus-Auby, Christine. "La gestion de l'érosion du littoral dunaire aquitain." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30013.
Le, Dem Annie. "Les fêtes du patrimoine maritime au sein de la reconstruction des territoires littoraux : l'exemple de la Bretagne." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES1007.
Since about twenty years, the patrimonial practices developed themselves on the britanny coastline to echoes with the deep circumstantial changes that sudden to this time in the maritime society. The britanny notoriety of the maritime heritage constructed himself in the ambiance of festivals. In Britanny, the festival of the sea became inseparable of the heritage ideology. The britanny coastline is rich of a network of 52 festivals of the maritime heritage that is to the origin of new constructions of coastal territories. Actors (associations, local collectivities, enterprises) that organize these festivals shaped a construction of the britanny maritime heritage. Some festivals today became concepts that are reproductible on the britanny coastline and other french and European seashores. Since 1996, festival of the britanny maritime heritage now export themselves on the other side of the channel. British, after having moved regularly on the britanny festival, organize their own festivals of the maritime heritage. Today, the britanny maritime 20 years after the festival became a reference and a model. The principal risks that can incur the heritage maritime 20 years after the first festival of the maritime heritage is one trivializations to eyes of the public opinion and a diversion of the authenticity cultural of the maritime heritage. Now, on notes an opening of these festivals on cultures and identifies of sailors. However, let's recall that the biggest wealth of the britanny maritime heritage is to have permitted to give birth to a culture coastline in which recognizes himself of various horizon people and identify today
Pennanguer, Stéphane. "Incertitude et concertation dans la gestion de la zone côtière." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARH058.
The analysis of coastal zone management initiatives in France (Commission Environnement Littoral, 2002) and abroad (European Commission, 1999) reveals that the principal deficiency of these initiatives relates to the concertation, the participation and the involvement of stakeholders. Based on this report, this thesis, focused on concerted management, presents the concertation as a way to reduce uncertainty, inherent in coastal zone management. It deals with the functional aspects of concertation and the conditions to its implementation in the processes of coastal zone management. This thesis is built around the three key elements of territorial management: territories, projects and men. Starting from a crossed analysis of case studies in Brittany (Bay of Mont Saint-Michel, Iroise Sea, Gulf of Morbihan), this thesis analyses the behaviours and strategies of stakeholders in concertation processes, then is interested in possible coordinations between the different processes engaged on the same territory. While being based on the concept of territorial concertation, this thesis develops a systemic approach of concertation, reveals the “system of territorial concertation” and the dynamics which govern its functioning. The concertation appears when certain conditions and certain factors are joined together within the system of concertation. It generates new properties (or conditions) which have in particular the effect to generate new methods of collaboration between stakeholders. The concept of “small coastal zone management”, developed in the conclusion, recapitulates the lessons of this research to propose a new approach of territorial management in coastal zone
Pupier-Dauchez, Solange. "Le rechargement sédimentaire : de la défense des côtes à l'aménagement du littoral : Analyse des pratiques sur la côte atlantique française." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1009.
Erosion of beaches leads local councillors to set up defence plants which are often shown to be costly, unsightly and harmful for the dynamic balance of littorals. During the advancement of defence practical experiences, beach nourishmend has turned up as the solution which can solve local problems of erosion without generating any dynamic dysfunctions and has converted a lot of countries. Besides, in some of these countries, legislators have privileged the resorting to reloading, (U. S. A. And Netherlands). France is characterized by a regulation which doesn't give favour to beach fill. Nevertheless, several operations have been achieved or are at the planning stage, fitting numerous and crossed purposes. Beach nourishment operations on the French Atlantic coasts present totally different features. Volumes of sand, borrowing areas, areas of deposit, implementation of different ways, are very varied features which reflect different environments, contexts and stakes. Protection of a defence work, struggle against erosion, protection of the fringe of littorals, modification of the effects of transit, throwing out of dragging materials at low cost, increase of the tourists frequenting beaches and local development, are the different objectives that councillors can seek after and combine. Therefore, the evaluation of the results of different operations integrates all of these stakes. In most cases, those operations fill the job well. Failures can be explained by problems that can occur to calculate the ideal dimensions of reloading : too low volumes that don't compensate for deficient supplies, unsuitable materials for areas of deposit and the non consideration of hydrosedimentary local dynamics maybe reflecting a fundamental problem of the limited choice of the sources of materials and local strategies
Jacquemin, Odile. "Hyères, la formation d'un paysage urbain : entre mer et terre, de 1748 à nos jours." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS006S.
From the city to the territory, the thesis makes out of a narration of a story of a landscape, an entryfor a little story on the art to manage the territory. Through a study case, Hyères and its harbour, seen under the angle of the projects and the point of view of the site, the thesis is a contribution as much to the urban history than to the knowledge of the littoral landscapes. This work questions methods and finality of the history, proposing to join together a long history and a history of present times, to offer a dynamic vision of the landscape, and to make of history a science of the action at the service of the territorial project and its prospective. The narration renews the genre of the local monograph, where the local gives way to a mondialized space, defined by the relations of the local to the global. The between land and sea is explored in its capacity to produce links and sets itself as a model of between two to extrapolate. To the state of the sites, the diagnostic by the landscape substitutes a state of the links. As an interface between culture and nature, between art and science, and in its capacity to join times, places and thematic, the landscape becomes language to speak about the complex, give a global vision of the present and to make understandable the fitting of the different scales of space and time. The narration and its fragmentation serves mediation. The tale opens to a pedagogy of the landscape by the landscape putting in position the representative figures by which a rural burg turned into a littoral city, territorializing the fundamental interrogations and the principal cultural transformations, economic and social, that must take into consideration the territorial geniuses to (re)invent
Escadafal, Alain. "L'articulation du marketing et de l'aménagement dans le projet de station touristique : exemples aquitains." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30080.
Marketing and planning are articulated in the resort project on the the resort's double nature, territory and enterprise at the same time. On the one hand, marketing gives basic informations about customers and markets, through informations which will structure the planning specifications. On the other hand, planning will play a role in the supply forming, as also in resort management. Planning is that way one of the components of the creation and developpement of the market supply. The core of this double exchange between marketing and planning takes place in the strategic definition of the resort project, at the junction of the two process. The contribution of marketing to the resort project is then much more than a promotion and commercial matter, it interferes upstream, in the creation of the project. Studying aquitaine's resorts allows to establish that this marketing and planning articulation is far to be brought in operation on an optimun way. Knowledge of customers and market is still inadequate, the strategic definition of the project is based on very weak methodological elements, specially for diagonstic, and finally, marketing is too often reduced to the promotion function
Andreu-Boussut, Vincent. "L'aménageur, le touriste et la nature sur le littoral de l’Aude (France) : modèles de gestion, pratiques touristiques et enjeux environnementaux." Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264255.
Over the last decade, the Aude coast went through profound changes, symbolised by the creation of the Parc Naturel Régional de la Narbonnaise by Decree of December 18th 2003. How and why this emblematic area of coastal tourism, decided at the highest governmental levels in France, went through such a radical questioning of its management methods ? Central to the re-foundation of Aude coastal management, nature, and protected areas in particular, appeared to be one of the possible keys to tourist rejuvenation and land use re-planning of this Mediterranean mass tourist destination. From this standpoint, this research attempts to shed light on the contemporary stakes, the stages and the limits of the Aude “experience”. Our analysis consists of three main parts, each of them shedding a different light on our subject. The first part sets out the several stages of the touristification of a littoral consisting of a mosaic of singular natural ecosystems. In order to put in perspective the changes in land-use coastal planning policies, the analysis focuses on two points: the rehabilitation of the pioneers who have “invented” the first seaside resorts at the end of the 19th century and the rereading of the heritage of the Mission Racine in the planning of a “Neo-Languedoc” devoted to mass tourism from the 1960’s onwards. The second part analyses the genesis of a central actor, the Parc Naturel Régional de la Narbonnaise, which reflects the emergence of a new model of management of the Aude coast. The study of renewed planning practices reveals the quasi-systematic resort to the paradigms of environment, heritage and identity and the integration of tourist stakes in the territorial development. This recomposition of the action system and its intervention strategies already seems to reflect an attempt, still hesitating and incomplete, at integrated coastal management. By studying the management of protected areas and their social uses, the third part deals with (the question of) the production of a tourist nature that contributes to the recomposition of short-lived holiday territories. In spite of the positive views held by some managers relying on the standard arguments of eco-tourism development, several case studies reveal in fact an inadequate and unsuitable management of protected areas and show that the preservation of natural heritage is not always guaranteed
Vaucourt, Caroline. "Le réaménagement des marais maritimes endigués le long des côtes à marée (France) : en fonction de l'évolution du milieu et de la transformation des priorités économiques." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES0003.
Paszkier, Kathleen. "Loi "Montagne" et loi "littoral" : des "lois d'aménagement et d'urbanisme" aux "dispositions particulières", illustrations du phénomène de territorialisation du droit." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0040.
Egasse, Benjamin. "L'État, la fortification et le littoral lorientais : pouvoirs, économie et environnement d'un système défensif au XVIIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIL549.
Between 1695 and 1815, the harbor of Lorient located on the southern coast of Brittany hosts within it strategic economic and military activities of the kingdom of France. The tensions and Franco-British conflicts that enameled the eighteenth century make it necessary to secure this space. By successive campaigns, the Lorient coastline is endowed with a complete mesh of fortifications intended to protect the interests of the kingdom of France. The study of the construction of the defensive system of the Lorient coastline makes it possible to understand under which conditions the construction of the whole of this device is carried out and what are the effects of the implantation and the exploitation of the latter, by analyzing the political, technical, economic, military, social and environmental data of coastal development in the past. This development requires significant financial resources raised through the Tax. On the ground, the realization of the royal will is in the hands of the “engineers of the king” who in turn rely on the experience of building entrepreneurs who have been awarded the "king's business" in defense matters. This duo must work under tension in a tight financial, diplomatic and military context
Amghar, Julien. "Les petits ports et les usages du littoral, en Bretagne, au XIXe siècle." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIL065.
Desgre-Audouit, Christelle. "L' étude de la fréquentation et de ses impacts sur le littoral languedocien." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30078.
An important and varied population frequents the Languedoc-Roussillon coast. Indeed following a French determined politics of development to increase tourism (Mission Racine, 1963 - 1982) this coast has become the fourth most important tourist region of the country. To this seasonal human pressure another one has appeared for about ten years: the one of the permanent population who increases a lot with the newcomers. Tourists, nearby and local population (who embed the newcomers) have different perceptions and practices of the coast areas. From these different perceptions and practices, several “Territorialisation” processes appear. To reduce the conflicts and the environment damages due to sometimes inadequate organized human frequentation, it is necessary to act while enhancing the cultural identities linked to the coast some of them are in complete evolution. In this context, politics and administrators show strongly their wishes to find a balance between a demographic increase and inheritance protection. Indeed, a thought and tools have been developed to achieve this aim. To understand and eventually to analyze a territory frequentation we must answer to six key questions: How many people? Who are they? Where do they come from? What are their practices? Why do they come here and not somewhere else? What are the impacts due to the frequentation? The understanding and the analysis of the territorial dynamics (mutations, the way the areas are appropriated, the practices) for the frequentation and its impacts on the sensitive natural areas of the coast rely on the combination of the results of the frequentation studies, perception enquiries and the observation data of the Earth. Through an experimental research on the both well distinguished territories, Leucate and “palavasiens” lagoons, we will show developed indicators, as well as the used method to try to define some carrying capacity thresholds
Le, Berre Iwan. "Mise au point de méthodes d'analyse et de représentation des interactions complexes en milieu littoral." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES1008.
Feyssat, Pierre. "Modélisation conceptuelle du fonctionnement d'une plage microtidale à barres en festons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2023PERP0021.pdf.
The sedimentary bars of the nearshore control the dynamics of the beaches. Understanding the couplingbetween aerial and submerged beaches is essential at a time when entire urban sectors of the Occitanie region are subject to erosion. Thequestion of beach topography thus appears to be a crucial knowledge to anticipate future changes induced by the global rise in mean sea level.The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the comprehension of the aerial beach/submerged beach systems and their interconnections, bylooking at the particular case of the Mediterranean coasts. This thesis is based on the study of a beach with a double crescentic nearshore barsystem: the beach of Leucate. Similar crescentic bar systems are present in the southern part of the Gulf of Lion (between Leucate and Argelès-sur-Mer), i.e. about 40 km of coastline. A first part of the work was dedicated to the morphodynamics of the aerial beach, in particular to itsevent and seasonal dynamics in relation to the atypical forcing of the region on the sites of Leucate and La Franqui (prevailing onshore wind,long periods of fair weather, short and intense storms). A specific part on the Leucate site was then devoted to quantify the wind transportinduced by the onshore wind (Tramontane), so characteristic of the area. The second part of the work concerned the underwater beach ofLeucate and its system of double festoon bars at different time scales (20 years, seasons, events). This work allowed us to identify the controlparameters and the morphological response of this Mediterranean system. This has also led to the study of the establishment and dynamics of athird system of proximal bars intercalated locally between the internal bar and near the coastline, the Low Beach Bars, which have been littlestudied until now. A third part is devoted to the interactions between the aerial beach and the underwater beach through two examples. Thecouplings between the coastline and the bars on the site of Leucate, and the more complex example of the grau of La Franqui in which thesecouplings control the position of the estuary and its dynamics.This work has led to the description of a model of aerial beach evolution on anevent-driven and seasonal scale, which can be applied to the beaches of the southern Gulf of Lion. The work on the underwater beach hasallowed to highlight a diversity of bar typologies (especially for the internal bar), and a dynamic of the double bar system characterized by astability of bars more important than in other environments. Regarding the couplings between these two compartments, we have highlighted theimpact of the couplings between the nearshore bars and the coastline whose morphology evolves according to the couplings
Savin-Le, Roy Carole. "La gestion des propriétés publiques naturelles du littoral." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES5002.
Launched at first on the Mediterranean coast, the policy of acquisition of the most fragile spaces of the coast took its scale with creation of the "Conservatoire de l'espace littoral et des rivages lacustres" and the development of a right of preemption in the sensitive natural spaces. The public appropriation became, so, an essential modality of a policy of conservation of the seaside. The management of these spaces, which is the foundation of their acquisition, imposes however the definition to an adapted legal status. In the debate between public appropriation and servitude, the existence of a positive action of management is indeed, a decisive argument in favour of the public appropriation of the natural spaces. Agreed as all the means insuring the conservation and the renewal of sites, the management of the natural public properties of the coast also integrates, as possible, the organization of the opening of sites. These concerns and their conciliation find an answer adapted within the framework of the "domanialité publique". It is advisable however, in the absence of legislative precision on this question, to clarify the modalities of an annexation of spaces concerned in the "domaine public" as well as the applicable state-owned regime
Costanzo, Maria Cristiana. "I progetti di prosciugamento delle paludi litorali francesi redatti dagli ingegneri del Corps des Ponts et Chaussées all'inizio del XIX secolo : tesi di dottorato in co-tutela Italia Francia." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082364.
From the experience of the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées with the Pontine Marshes in Italy in the early 19th century, the thesis describes the contemporaneous activity of the engineers in charge of the draining of the French coastal swamps. Within the context of the Napoleonic policy of the Large-scale Public Works, the Napoleonic Cadastre, the Law of 16th September 1807 and the Code de Dessèchement are technical and legislative instruments that provide the basis for all the modern drainage projects. Protagonists of this immense landscape construction, the politicians and engineers of the Ponts map out a veritable technical agenda by which they impose a rigorous coordination of all the actors called upon to intervene on the territory. The case studies - Bouches-du-Rhône, Vendée, Charentes - are analysed through the correspondence between the actors involved in the process and illustrated with unpublished plans, profiles and estimates
Cacqueray, Mathilde de. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Over the centuries society has modified its representation of marine space, moving from the concept of «empty oceans» to that of «saturated seas ». Indeed, in addition to « traditional» established activities (commercial fishing, navigation etc,) have been superimposed the intensification of certain practices (extraction of marine aggregates, leisure navigation etc. ) and also new activities which, until now, have been purely terrestrial or coastal but which are destined for development in the open sea (marine renewable energy, offshore aquaculture etc. ). In the face of these new developments, the necessity of conserving the marine environment has also encouraged the multiplication of marine protected areas (marine nature parks, Natura 2000 sites, etc. ). There is thus an increase in the demand for maritime space which the actual availability of space cannot respond to, outside of integrated management enabling the cohabitation between ail the various maritime activities. But the particularities of maritime space call for a specific approach. Nowadays, lntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a procedure which is recognized at an international level in response to these issues. But its applications are still too often limited to an experimental stage and the feedback on experiments show that they are limited to coastal land or to confine maritime spaces. It is in this context that Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) would seem to be useful, enabling the extension of the principles of ICZM towards the sea. After studying the implications of MSP, in particular thanks to the analysis of existing experiences at an international level, this thesis focuses on an evaluation of the position of France in relation to MSP in the context of the elaboration of its strategy of Integrated Management of the Sea and Coastline (IMSC). The theoretical aspects of MSP are compared to the conditions on the ground at different levels and, in particular, to those of the maritime basin of Lorient. This approach enables the identification of key elements and issues related to the application of MSP in the context of metropolitan France
Sioc'han-Monnier, Françoise. "La construction et l'évolution des ports en Bretagne aux 19ème et 20ème siècle." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20030.
Evrard, Barbara. "La côte d'Albâtre comme terrain de jeux ? : aménagements, activités physiques et paysages vécus." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL006.
This work examines the meaning and impact of physical activities along the Upper-Normandy coast. The aim of this socio-geographical approach was to determine the types of territorial negotiations at work by analyzing the mediating factors from several angles : coastal transformations concern both usages and representations, as well as the management of choices in environmental planning. We sought to elucidate the reciprocal determination of the various cultures, social relationships, and spatial relations. The corpus contains 39 interviews, 949 completed questionnaires, 187 observation sheets, and documents from several sources (departments of urban planning, the journals of concerned parties, administrative reports). In addition to definig the physical activities, this work presents the profiles of the practitioners and identifies the various landscapes of experience. Four cases studies reconstruct the differences in scale, as well as the contradictory legitimacies that are involved (public/private, risk/security, sustainable development, etc. ). Beyond all discourse, is the Upper-Normandy coastline the object of "integrated management" ? What types of sharing and division do the recreational usages of this coastal area reflect ?
Evrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
Nicolas, Laurence. "Beauduc, l'utopie des gratte-plage : Conflits d'appropriation de l'espace littoral camarguais." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10042.
Experton, Thomas. "L'approche juridique de la gestion durable du littoral méditerranéen à travers la problématique et la mise en place d'une opération d'intérêt national dans la plaine du Var." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0011/document.
A territory corresponds with a specific entity which has its own logic. The jurist’s role is both to create rules and concepts in order to organize prevention, protection and management of the aforementionned territory: the “Var’s Plain”. It is well noticed that this integrated management of the Mediterranean Coast and more particulary, coastal’s zones integrated management has a direct impact on the “Var’s Plain”. Reciprocally, the land territory with legal tool of the Interest National Operation promotes one integrated management of the aforementioned Plain. Moreover, the tittle of the thesis suggests the idea according which there‘s a mutual influence, an elective affinity as would say Max WEBER, from the earth towards the coast and vice-versa, in order to manage sustainably the territory. This management is done by the establishement of legal provisions. The legal regime commonly used on this territory is an exception of the common law of urbanism. However, it remains one of the last demonstration of public authorities, which is a characteristic of France. This legal regime cultivates paradoxes and thus presents a leading science interest of first class
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Since the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Charlier-Kerbiguet, Muriel. "Vague d'experts en mer d'Iroise : logiques d'action, communauté de métier, mobilisation et production scientifiques des acteurs de l'environnement." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS022S.
By the observation of the sociological analysis of a process of construction of a protected marine space, research presented here make it possible to objectify the logics of action developed by the scientific community mobilized by the project. The scientific actors take part indeed in working of the territory for several reasons. After having recalled the historic bonds binding the scientific community and the nature conservancy in Brittany, we define the scientific actors implied in as well "as experts-militants of the natural environment". We regard the device of construction of the national park of Iroise as the place where institutional logics of action and territorial logics of action meet. We insist on the role of the scientific actors, through the groupings which they constitute, but especially via the intermediate objects that they produce. From the historical reconstitution of the process and social identification of the implied scientists, we deduce several forms of expertises, comparison with various stakes related to the investment
Morera, Raphaël. "Les assèchements de marais en France au XVIIè siècle (1599-1661) : technique, économie, environnement." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010639.
Joveniaux, Aurélie. "Les enjeux géopolitiques de l'action du Conservatoire du littoral : la politique de protection des espaces naturels littoraux français : réalités et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080076.
Since 1975, the « Conservatoire du littoral » (Coastal Conservation Authority) has been tasked with leading land acquisition policy to preserve and valorize French natural coastlines through cooperation and in partnership with local communities. This state agency has been able to transform an apparent weakness (the inability to act on its own) into strength. Through the analysis of the elaboration of its new intervention strategy for 2015-2050 and six case studies, this dissertation studies the direction taken by this institution over forty years and its perspectives for further actions. The Conservatoire du littoral is an increasingly influential player in the dynamics of coastal territory planning. This work particularly highlights how the institution has become the mainstay in a multi-actor strategy to preserve natural coastal spaces and sustainably manage coastlines. Though in many ways stronger than before, the Conservatoire du littoral is nevertheless facing several issues to which it has to adapt. Its legitimacy rests in its ability to ensure the preservation and the promotion of a growing patrimony in a context of budgetary constraints shared with site managers. In order to pursue its missions and face the contemporary challenges of integrated management of coastal areas and adaptation to climate change, the institution has to develop a « good » territorial multi-scale approach for its actions
Sonnic, Erwan. "La navigation de plaisance : territoires de pratiques et territoires de gestion : entre dualité et nécessité de fusion pour une évolution progressiste de l'activité." Rennes 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011637.
Since the 1960s, the activity of yachting has known a record development and Brittany is directly involved. Indeed, its coastline harbours more than 76. 000 pleasure crafts and contains hundreds of marinas, harbours and moorings. But beyond these figures, pleasure boating has its own territorial logic which is linked with harbours and moorings, yachting practices, and also with a hinterland where nautical sector firms and yachting residences are localised. Through this research work, many territorial uses, at the same time terrestrial and maritime, have been distinguished all along the Breton coastline. Even if more and more local authorities admit the legitimacy of these territories, there are still difficulties between the users and the administrative divisions. As these areas which are used for pleasure boating are appropriate in order to manage pleasure boating, but difficult to identify, this thesis proposes some keys to achieve this identification
Mineo-Kleiner, Lucile. "L'option de la relocalisation des activités et des biens face aux risques côtiers : stratégies et enjeux territoriaux en France et au Québec." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0042/document.
Since 2012, the French government has carried out a national strategy for the integrated coastline management that promotes managed retreat (or relocation) included in a territorial project. In Quebec, such a strategy has not been developed, but houses are occasionally displaced or destroyed. This PhD focuses on how managed retreat is tackled in France and in Quebec. A first assessment of past experiences reveals that relocation has rarely been materialized as the French government conceives it. The aim of this research is to confront the ideas supported by governments through their public policy with the ground and to identify the obstacles and the possibilities of implementing relocation. To reach this goal, we have gathered the opinion of institutional stakeholders through semi-directive interviews. Two polls have also been carried out to get inhabitants point of view. These surveys reveal dissimilarities in the approaches taken by governments and institutional actors in France and Quebec. It reflects fundamental differences in public policy in both territories. Moreover, the implementation of relocation raises many common issues, financial, land management and social acceptability issues. Major constraints concern governance of relocation project, which is based on an unpopular idea and is a long term challenge. Interests at different scales seem to be sufficiently antagonistic to compromise the emergence of a territorial project integrating relocation. Nevertheless, a law proposal in France and a recent evolution of the Quebec government's action open up new perspectives
Rocle, Nicolas. "L’adaptation des littoraux au changement climatique : une gouvernance performative par expérimentations et stratégies d’action publique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0896/document.
Sea level rise accelerated by climate change is of major concern at international scale since the 1990’s. From now on, climate change adaptation is institutionalized from global to local scales. I analyze policy making processes related to climate change adaptation in French coastal areas. Two qualitative case studies are at the heart of the thesis: Aquitaine coastline and Martinique Island (French West Indies). They are contrasted in their history, their coastal planning policy and their social dynamics, though they share common processes of attractiveness and vulnerability to submersion and coastal erosion. I analyze discourses, actors and policy instruments in the legitimization of anticipation and preparation as guiding principles to cope with coastal risks and threats. The theoretical framework builds on political sociology of science and policy, as well as insights from pragmatic sociology. Direct observation of local, regional and national consultation and steering committees, semi-structured interviews and documentation analysis are the key methodological approaches. A questionnaire survey has been conducted in the coastal town of Lacanau, on Aquitaine coastline, in order to analyze the way in which residents and users experiment coastal retreat. The main line of argumentation advanced in this thesis is that coastal adaptation to climate change proceeds with performative governance, by which policy devices and narratives are geared towards building adaptation policies upon their interpretive effects. I demonstrate how climate adaptation mainstreaming and planning (adaptation and coastal risks prevention plans…) is combined with experimentalist forms to govern new adaptation options (like planned retreat) and with a new public risk management in which political and institutional risks are as important to prevent as socio-ecological vulnerabilities. The concept of “public action strategy” is built to better capture these forms of managerial policy instruments used for framing, rationalizing and performing a governance of preparedness and adaptation, by means of expert knowledge, collaborative procedures and concertation to render local actors accountable for their own security. State steering practices and decentralization policies are key processes shaping coastal adaptation and risk regulation. This new public risk management strengthens expert configurations for defining and operationalizing coastal risks policy strategies
Dever, Thierry. "Mémoires et territoires à Regnéville-sur-Mer (Manche) : La vie et les conflits d'une société littorale entre autonomie et hétéronomie, d'aujourd'hui à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, face à son milieu naturel, à son environnement culturel, politique et à son avenir." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1675.
The notion of territory cannot be reduced to a strictly material fact, given its symbolic and identity significance. Territorial issues affect social practices drawn from the collective memory of Regnéville inhabitants that is structured by the many conflicts between them. The most bitter and protracted disputes originating from this coastal society stem from the extreme complexity of its territory which is both diversified, rich, complex and dynamic, but also a limited, restricted, coveted and fragile area. Four different levels of analysis allow special distinctions between them from the historical, sociological and anthropological points of view. The first one deals with the topic of “living together”, the value-based conflicts and lifestyles directly linked to Regnéville district and haven development plans. It highlights the mutual but conflicting expectations of the local residents, neo-rural dwellers and second-home owners. The second level refers to communal space and identity-based conflicts related to the merging of three parishes : Grimouville, Urville and Regnéville in 1795 when French departments were created. Special attention is paid to wetland management under communal ownership. The third level reveals the major economic importance of the District of Regnéville during the 19th Century, the conflicts of interest concerning the haven’s local and financial development and the ambiguous relationship between Capitalism and the French State. The last level relates to ecological space and current disputes about property, as regards contemporary industrial society expansion and intrusion, as well as the sanctuarization and re-appropriation of a territory
Le, Fur Yann. "La patrimonialisation des grands sites : évolution des doctrines et transformation des espaces : exemple des promontoires littoraux emblématiques bretons." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869354.
Sparfel, Lénaïg. "Étude des changements d'occupation des sols dans la zone côtière à partir de données hétérogènes : application au Pays de Brest." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636846v2.
Land use and land cover changes are a major concern for science, because of their impacts on global environmental change. However land use and land changes in coastal areas and their consequences at a local scale are not often studied. But coastal areas. But human pressure on worldwide coasts increase and lead to major changes of coastal land cover. The major aim of this thesis was to produce relevant information on land cover changes in the coastal area of the Pays de Brest, Brittany (France) between 1977 and 2003. The implemented methodology merge heterogenous data. It is based on an object-oriented classification approach for the identification of land cover types from a 10m SPOT 5 image and a photo-interpreted national GIS layer (IPLI-1 977). The result of the object-oriented classification is a three levels description of the 2003 study area’s land cover. The combination of both IPLI and SPOT 5 classification layers describe the main land cover changes between 1977 et 2003. The most significant increase was in the built-up areas, near the town of Brest and the coasts in particular. We also notice the increase of fallow land
Florez, Marion. "Le partage de l’espace en débat : de la confrontation des usages à la construction de modalités de cohabitation sur le littoral breton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20054.
The densification of spaces, their over-frequentation, the multiplication of protection zones, the implementation of regulations, the increase in the real estate market, etc. are all problems associated with the conflictual sharing of coastal space. This research, which is the result of a scientific and financial collaboration between the DREAL Bretagne and the ESO Rennes laboratory, aims to take into account the plurality of ordinary conflictual situations that emerge around the issue of space sharing. The aim is not only to reveal what these configurations say about the relationships that actors have with space, the Other, nature and institutions, but also to reveal the plural effects of these situations on a space as small as the coastline. Through the investigation of case studies dealing with various issues and involving heterogeneous actors, the aim is to demonstrate the necessary and indisputable interest in taking into account all the actors concerned, to recognise their knowledge and their multiple assets and to legitimise their occupation of the space. Through the experimentation of a hybrid participatory approach, mixing methods from the human and social sciences (semi-directive interview and mental map) and animation techniques experimented by the State services (workshop, cartographic diagnosis, etc.), we highlight, beyond the inexorable nature of conflicts, the possibility and the importance of their valorisation as an essential contribution to the improvement of cohabitation and to the common construction of the space-at-risk that is the coastline
Chaurand, Julie. "La cohérence interterritoriale des projets de continuités écologiques. L’exemple de la politique Trame verte et bleue en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0016/document.
The “Trame verte et bleue” (TVB), a French public policy, aims at preserving and restoring ecological networks (EN). It is intended to be a tool for land-use planning. It is part of French law’s codes for the environment and for urbanism. It is meant to be implemented at different governance levels, ranging from the national to the regional to the local. The coherence of the TVB between these levels has been specified in French law. Nevertheless, territories have a wide margin for interpretation and implementation of TVB policy. In this thesis, we examine the conditions necessary for ensuring coherence between territorial projects which pertain to EN planning. To this end, we address two main hypotheses that are sources of (in)coherence: (i) the incompleteness of existing knowledge in landscape ecology and its use in the territories, and (ii) the governance processes put in place to take into account the margin for adaptation of the TVB policy, with a focus on “bridging” actors between territorial projects. We develop a notion of “interterritorial coherence” based on the sharing of a vision between the stakeholders of the organization of space. We propose an analysis grid of this coherence applied to projects related to EN. The grid involves three components: the ecological dimension, the multifunctionality, and the governance processes. These components are characterized by criteria and translated into indicators. The analysis grid has been applied to different projects carried out by “nested” territories ranging from the national to the local level in two French regions (Brittany and Occitania, (formerly called Languedoc-Roussillon region)). The analysis is initially specific to each project and then becomes comparative, vertically between levels of governance and horizontally between the same levels of governance. We show that the preservation of EN is a “wicked mess problem”, in the sense that a single and optimal solution does not exist given the ecological and societal complexities of the subject. The territories adapt themselves, simplify and have their own representation of the concepts of landscape ecology. Approaches differ between the national and the local. The naturalistic approach promoted at the national level becomes a land-use approach at the local level. Similarly, the ecological approach becomes multifunctional by transitioning from the environment code to the urbanism code. The law imposes a top-down coherence between the territories. This can be a source of innovation or, on the contrary, can limit initiatives due to fear of litigation. The actors and projects are extremely diverse. EN planning is a “hot potato” (more or less “hot”) that territories pass to each other. The territories with territorial coherence schemes (SCoTs) or local urban planning plans (PLU) are often identified as the most relevant levels to tackle the problem. Nevertheless, the application of the subsidiarity principle must not disempower certain territories, since socio-ecological systems are inter-scale and therefore interterritorial. The role of “bridging” actors between the territories is essential to interterritorial coherence because they can energize or even create the organized proximities between the territories. The “Trame verte et bleue” policy is currently at a turning point following recent legislative developments. Regions are identified as leaders on biodiversity and have to follow a new integrated regional scheme that includes, in particular, EN. Interterritorial coherence is built up over time and will therefore need to be analyzed over time
Bastide, Julia. "Morphodynamique et enjeux d'aménagement des franges littorales d'un estuaire macrotidal tempéré : la Baie de Somme, Picardie, France." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0594.
The Somme estuary is the archetype of a strongly managed, temperate macrotidal estuary confronted with various and often conflicting management and ecological stakes. The estuary, located on the coast of Picardy, in the eastern English Channel, is subject to a very large spring tidal range (> 8 m at the mouth), shows a high degree of infill, and is a strong attractor of sand derived from a sediment transport pathway along the French coast in the eastern English Channel. The morphodynamic characterization of the estuary has been conducted from a variety of methods including the critical analysis of ancien maps, aerial photographs and several field measurements involving very-high-resolution topographic surveys based on both profiles and digital terrain models, and hydrodynamic monitoring. Grain-size analyses aimed at determining transport vectors, and gravel transport tracer monitoring involving both resin and painted gravels, was also conducted. The flanks of the estuary are characterized by convergent sedimenty cells that contribute to the active estuarine sandy infill. Infill is also assured directly by large occasional sand banks driven onshore from the coastal sediment transport pathway by storms at the secular timescale. Estuarine infill has also been strongly favoured by flood-dominated tidal current asymmetry, and accelerated by important empoldering. The south flank of the estuary is bounded by a gravel barrier spit sourced by cliffs that have now been largely stabilized. This barrier is now strongly managed and is used as a dyke against marine flooding of a reclaimed back-barrier plain. To counter the chronic erosion affecting the proximal zone of this barrier following cliff stabilization, the barrier is frequently nourished artificially, and comprises numerous groynes. The flanks of the Somme estuary pose numerous management stakes in the decades to come. The thesis concludes with a series of coastal management proposals based on an integrated morphodynamic approach that notably includes sediment cells
Morisseau, Gregory. "Mer combattue, mer acceptée : un projet de paysages et ses problématiques Bas-Champs (Picardie, France) et Camargue (PACA, France)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040063.
Coastal territories and landscapes are submitted to increasing yet better identified natural risks (storms, flooding, etc.), especially under the effects of climate change. Its reflections, the eustatic ones among others, have various consequences on the landscape. How is it possible, in a proactive reasoning, to take advantage of the lanscape alterations at the same time as limitating, controling and why not correcting the excesses due to the sea level rise on the coasts ? The aim is to show that it is possible to adjust to these risks upon taking landscapes into account and managing the coastal structures a lighter and better thought-out way.An argued assessment on the way the landscape is taken into account in current strategies used to reduce the flooding risks, is followed with an evaluation of the way the landscape project, a holistic process of designing and sharing long term visions, can be used as a tool to reduce the vulnerability of both the territory and its society. Then, the thesis focuses on the emblematic Camargue delta, a territory which natural and social processes allowed to develop a society together with lanscapes creators of wealth in a dynamic balance considering the permanent flooding risks. However, keeping in mind, among other causes, that of climate change, this strategic balance is being questioned and needs the elaboration of hypotheses for another form of Camargue. Thus, in an exploratory dimension, the thesis suggests an argued illustration of new models of development and adjustment for the system of Camargue. Taking into account both the landscape and climate change, the first results of a study on managed realignment in Bas-Champs, Picardie, lead us to a demand for the implementation of a coastal regeneration policy as the answer to the issues of coastal terriories for today, and even more for tomorrow
Cadoret, Anne. "Conflits d'usage liés à l'environnement et réseaux sociaux : Enjeux d'une gestion intégrée? Le cas du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176681.
On observe que des configurations spatiales récurrentes apparaissent quant à la localisation des conflits d'usage. Cependant, le mode d'expression et les formes de régulation diffèrent selon les types de territoires (lagunes, zones périurbaines, départements, communes, etc.) et les types de conflits (urbanisation et aménagements, protection des espaces et des espèces et gestion de l'eau et des déchets).
L'analyse des conditions d'émergence, des modes d'expression et des formes de régulation à une échelle locale révèle les interactions fortes entre les réseaux d'acteurs et les mutations spatiales. L'apparition d'un conflit bouleverse les pratiques et les représentations socio-spatiales. Les territorialités se redessinent et participent d'une part à la restructuration des réseaux d'acteurs, et d'autre part à l'évolution des stratégies et des comportements des acteurs qui influencent en retour l'organisation du territoire.
Choblet, Claire. "Espace littoral et décisions d'aménagement : limites et potentialités des études d'impact et des enquêtes publiques : exemple du littoral atlantique français." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010191.