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Статті в журналах з теми "Littoral macrofauna"
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Vaghela, A., P. Bhadja, J. Ramoliya, N. Patel, and R. Kundu. "Seasonal variations in the water quality, diversity and population ecology of intertidal macrofauna at an industrially influenced coast." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (March 1, 2010): 1505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.503.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Present communication reports the physico-chemical and biological quality of seawater and status of benthos of a highly industrialized shore of the north-western coastline of India. The coastal area considered for the present study, encircled by a variety of industries, was divided into two sampling sites and monitored for two consecutive years. Results of the water quality suggest that the obtained values of the physical and chemical parameters of seawater were comparable with data reported earlier. However, data obtained in the biological parameters of the seawater showed a declining trend. Results of the intertidal macrofaunal diversity studies revealed that the muddy upper littoral zones were represented by few species of coelenterata, porifera, arthropoda and mollusca. In the rocky—muddy middle littoral zones, gastropods, stars fishes, corallites, crabs, polychetes and tubeworms were present, whereas, predominantly rocky lower littoral zones were comparatively rich in macrofaunal diversity with small patches of coral colonies. However, when the results obtained in the present study was compared with that of earlier reported data, it was clear that the macrofaunal diversity indeed declined considerably over the years. This may be due to habitat destruction and habitat alteration in the coastline caused by increased anthropogenic activities in the area. Seasonal variations in the population density and abundance were observed in most of the faunal groups except in sessile corals and sponges. This may be due to local migration of the faunal groups towards deeper regions of the Gulf, as supported by the analysis of similarity, to avoid influx of freshwater during monsoon, and high temperature during summer and post monsoon seasons. The overall assessment of different parameters of this study revealed that though the physico- chemical characteristics of the seawater did not varied much from the earlier reported status, the biological characteristics of the seawater and intertidal zone was affected possibly by a high degree of anthropogenic pressure.
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Hampton, Stephanie E., and Ian C. Duggan. "Diel habitat shifts of macrofauna in a fishless pond." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 7 (2003): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most studies of pond animals are undertaken during the daytime, despite evidence that many pond organisms demonstrate marked nocturnal changes in behaviour. Nocturnal studies of animals in fishless ponds are particularly rare, probably because diel changes in aquatic animal behaviour are often found to be a response to visual predation by fish. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to detect patterns of similarity in the community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians in samples taken from vegetated and unvegetated areas during the day and night in a fishless Vermont pond. We tested the hypotheses that (i) macrofaunal activity increased at night near the pond surface, and (ii) horizontal movement of the pond community was occurring on a diel cycle. At night, many taxa were more abundant in the surface waters and the community showed a general habitat expansion or shift from the littoral zone towards the edge and central waters. Our results challenge the assumptions that one would make about pond animal habitat use and interactions based solely on daytime studies. Even in fishless systems, where diel changes are unexpected, habitat use and behaviour might change at night and affect the strength and variety of species interactions.
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CALLISTO, M., F. A. R. BARBOSA, and P. MORENO. "The influence of Eucalyptus plantations on the macrofauna associated with Salvinia auriculata in Southeast Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 1 (February 2002): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000100008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of Eucalyptus plantations on the structure and composition of macroinvertebrate communities associated with the aquatic fern Salvinia auriculata Aublet were investigated in a high altitude lake bordered by either secondary Atlantic forest or Eucalyptus plantations. Comparisons of the diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) larvae in the littoral zone between these two vegetation types showed higher diversity of larvae in waters bordered by Eucalyptus. The results demonstrated that the predominance of carnivorous taxa among the macroinvertebrate fauna appears to be the major controlling factor for limiting diversity in lake areas bordered by Eucalyptus.
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Berezina, N. A. "Spatial distribution of macrofauna in a littoral zone with drifting macroalgae in the Neva estuary." Estonian Journal of Ecology 57, no. 3 (2008): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eco.2008.3.03.
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Farrapeira, Cristiane Maria Rocha, Arthur Vinícius de Oliveira Marrocos de Melo, Débora Ferreira Barbosa, and Karla Maria Euzebio da Silva. "Ship hull fouling in the port of Recife, Pernambuco." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 55, no. 3 (September 2007): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592007000300005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ports of big coastal cities are exposed to exotic species as a consequence of shipping traffic. As the Port of Recife receives an annual average of 491 ships from other regions of Brazil and from all over the world, this work was aimed at knowing which marine animals were passively transported on such vessels hulls, in order to map and monitor new bioinvasions in the area. Thus, 32 vessels of several origins were investigated between November 2005 and March 2006, samples were taken and the macrofauna identified. Sixty species of associated animals were identified, consisting of 28 sessile species, particularly the Cirripedia Balanomorpha and Lepadomorpha as dominants, 8 sedentary animals, namely Mytillidae and Dreissenidae and 23 free-living species, particularly, Caprellidae, Gammaridae, Tanaidacea, Turbellaria, Nemertea and Polychaeta. The first occurrence of Conchoderma virgatum was recorded with exact location for the Brazilian littoral, and Conchoderma auritum, Amphibalanus subalbidus and Haliplanella lineata were recorded for the first time at the littoral of Pernambuco State. The invasion pathway was confirmed for Amphibalanus reticulatus and Mytilopsis leucophaeta, invader species of the estuarine area of Recife's city. Megabalanus coccopoma was considered as a risk invader species for the region.
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Barnes, David K. A. "Marine colonization and biodiversity at Ascension Island and remote islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415001526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Little is known about colonization of remote island coasts by marine invertebrates, other than corals. The structure of hard substrata assemblages was investigated across Ascension Island's littoral zone in comparison with other sites. Arrays of acrylic panels were deployed at two sites for 2 years at Ascension Island to measure subtidal recruitment. Colonization of panels at Ascension I. was low, though space occupation, abundance and richness varied considerably. After ~1 and 2 years Ascension panels were <17 and <37% covered by fauna and each had <22 recruits and 54 recruits (per 100 cm2) respectively, amongst the lowest density of recruits reported. Recruitment rates of corals (25 m2 year−1) at Ascension I. were also similar to the lowest levels reported elsewhere (e.g. at Bermuda or Midway islands). Less dispersive animal types, e.g. cheilostome bryozoans, were poorly represented. Panels immersed in Tanzania and Scotland were >30% covered, with >76 recruits per 100 cm2 and with bryozoans well represented after 1 year. Across-littoral surveys of established macrofauna at five remote islands (Ascension I., Easter I., Azores, South Georgia and Signy I., Antarctica) revealed similar trends of a rich sublittoral and lower littoral reducing drastically up-shore; molluscs dominating abundance and species numbers, whilst polychaetes, crustaceans and echinoderms were well represented. Established sessile animals occurred patchily at a mean density of 8.26 m−2 but recruits had mortality levels >99%. Polar or remote temperate/tropical sites are typically less colonized than at non-remote, low latitudes but the lowest levels reported are at remote polar sites. Reduced colonization at Ascension island reflects remoteness.
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Thorp, James H. "Linkage between Islands and Benthos in the Ohio River, with Implications for Riverine Management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anthropogenic reductions in braiding, meandering, and snag abundance have diminished habitat heterogeneity of regulated rivers, factors directly influencing island formation, retentive capacity of the ecosystem, and community diversity. Habitat heterogeneity associated with riverine islands should, therefore, be of paramount importance to the ecosystem and may require special management protection. To understand the influence of these alluvial formations on riverine benthos, macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled near three islands in the Ohio River above Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Benthos was collected along six bank-to-bank transects located 1 km above and below islands and near the head, middle, and foot of islands. Islands have significant positive effects on invertebrate density and diversity that appear related to changes in physical habitat characteristics. Current velocity and substrate particle size are diminished in narrow channels between islands and shore, and areal extent of the littoral zone is enhanced within an otherwise deepwater region. Shallow water and slower currents promote growth of submerged vascular plants and macrophytic algae. Because of a relatively low exploitation by humans, islands probably enhance snag formation and input of organic matter, both factors having positive effects on macrofauna. Creation of selected riverine preserves near islands as a management tactic is recommended.
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Bernem, Karl-Heinz van, Agmar Müller, and Jürgen Dörjes. "ENVIRONMENTAL OIL SENSITIVITY OF THE GERMAN NORTH SEA COAST." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT A contiguous region of tidal flats about 448 km (280 miles) long and up to 21 km (13 miles) wide extends along the North Sea coasts of the Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands, and Denmark. This region is called the Wadden Sea. It is of enormous value as a cleansing site for the North Sea water, as a nursery for young fishes, and as a feeding grounds for nearly all Palearctic species of wading birds and waterfowl. The proximity of important shipping routes and ports is a permanent threat, especially to the German part of the region, which became a national park in 1986. The results of several field surveys, conducted from 1976 through 1986, revealed the necessity of an ecologically based sensitivity map for oil spill contingency planning. To evaluate properly the great variety of possible conditions resulting from the interrelationships of biotic and abiotic parameters, a system was developed to encompass such features, including the persistence of oil in the sediment, and the vulnerability and regenerative capability of a large proportion of the biota. Species of halophytes, mammals, fishes, birds, macrofauna, meiofauna, and microphytobenthos were evaluated to determine their physiological and ecological sensitivities to oil contamination. The evaluation was made considering autecological and synecological parameters. To test the applicability of the technique, a map was made of the littoral zone between the Weser and Elbe Rivers. The results were accepted by the West German organization for the control of oil spills at sea (ÖSK). Mapping will be continued under the direction of the Geesthacht Research Center until 1992. Eventually the project will cover the entire German part of the Wadden Sea through the financial support of the GKSS, the Umweltbundesamt (UBA), the ÖSK, and the national park authorities. A data processing system is being established by the GKSS so that the results can be used not only for oil spill control but also for the analysis of the ecosystem and to help the national park bureaus fulfill their obligations.
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Mariani, Simone, Susana Pinedo, Marc Terradas, Maria Elena Cefalì, Eglantine Chappuis, and Enric Ballesteros. "Habitat structure and zonation patterns of northwestern Mediterranean shoreline strands." Scientia Marina 81, no. 2 (June 14, 2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04445.09a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We studied the habitat structure (macrofaunal assemblages and bottom types) and zonation patterns of 29 unvegetated shoreline strands along the 900-km coast of Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Sea). Organisms were sampled with grabs, pitfall traps, sticky traps, clam nets and spades to ensure capture of the different proportions of macrofaunal assemblages from the supra-, medio- and infralittoral levels. We collected 211 taxa: 194 animals and 17 algae. The most abundant and dominant organisms collected with van Veen grabs were Nematoda, Oligochaeta and Collembola at the supralittoral level; the polychaetes Saccocirrus spp. and Pisione remota, the amphipod Corophium orientale, Nematoda, and Turbellaria at the mediolittoral level; and Nematoda at the upper infralittoral level. SIMPER analysis revealed great dissimilarity between the organisms inhabiting the supralittoral and the other littoral levels. Regarding the epifauna, the sticky traps used at the supralittoral level mainly collected Collembola, which were nearly absent in pitfall traps. The qualitative study performed with a clam net and a small spade revealed that Nematoda, Saccocirrus spp., Turbellaria, Nemertea and the polychaete P. remota were the most abundant animals at both the medio- and the infralittoral levels and no differences were found between these levels. Different qualitative sampling methodologies showed that in fine sediments the bivalves Donax trunculus and D. semistriatus determined more than 97% of dissimilarity from coarse-sand sites. Richness increased in protected sandy and cobble shores. Littoral level and bottom-type features were only to a certain extent valid indicators of specific biotic components for a specific habitat.
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Armonies, Werner, and Monika Hellwig-Armonies. "Synoptic patterns of meiofaunal and macrofaunal abundances and specific composition in littoral sediments." Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 41, no. 1 (March 1987): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02365101.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Littoral macrofauna"
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Poirier, Clément. "Enregistrements sédimentaires des changements environnementaux séculaires à millénaires par la micro- et la macrofaune benthiques littorales." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580982.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Discriminer l'influence des activités humaines de celle des processus naturels sur les changements environnementaux récents est un enjeu scientifique important. Dans ce but, les mollusques et les foraminifères fossiles des Pertuis Charentais (ouest de la France) ainsi que les sédiments déposés pendant l'Holocène dont ils sont issus ont été étudiés. L'objet d'étude central est un drapage vaseux qui constitue une grande partie du comblement sédimentaire terminal des Pertuis. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu'il est composé de sédiments fins d'origine continentale déposés à partir de 1400 AD. Il est la conséquence d'une augmentation de l'érosion des sols, favorisée par la déforestation entreprise au Moyen-Age. Le taux de sédimentation de cette vase a augmenté brutalement, suite à une période d'augmentation des précipitations hivernales à la fin du Petit Age Glaciaire qui a accéléré l'érosion des sols sur ces territoires fragilisés car déforestés. Le dépôt brutal de sédiments fins dans les Pertuis Charentais a eu peu de répercussions sur les communautés de mollusques benthiques, excepté l'extinction locale du bivalve \textit{Lepton squamosum} de la baie de Marennes-Oléron. En revanche, l'augmentation des apports sédimentaires a été à l'origine d'une succession écologique au sein des communautés de foraminifères (résistance - perturbation - adaptation). Les résultats obtenus démontrent comment des milieux perturbés par les activités humaines deviennent plus sensibles aux changements climatiques. Ils soulignent aussi le potentiel de la paléoécologie dans la compréhension des changements environnementaux récents dans les zones côtières à une échelle millénaire à séculaire.
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Vanhuysse, Charles. "Impacts de l'ostréiculture à mésoéchelle sur le microphytobenthos et ses performances photosynthétiques, la macrofaune benthique et rôle de l'érosion estuarienne dans les mortalités de naissains d'huitres Crassostrea gigas liées à OsHV-1 μ Var Drivers of epipelic mictophytobenthic photobiology and groth in oyster farm Benthic macrofaunal changes in oyster parks during an OsHV-1 µVar oyster spat mortality outbreak Environmental dynamics of the Ostreid herpes virus (OsHV-1 µVar) in oyster spats and microphytobenthic biofilms during an in situ mortality outbreak In situ resuspension of benthic sediments and biofilm components during an OsHV-1 µVar Crassostrea gigas oyster spat mortality episode". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC262.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis 2008, la mortalité des naissains d'huîtres Pacifique Crassostrea gigas est principalement liée au virus de l’ostreid herpesvirus 1 µvariant (OsHV-1 µVar). Les paramètres environnementaux favorisant la persistance et la diffusion du virus pourraient jouer sur sa dynamique de propagation. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’étudier in situ les interactions entre les naissains d’huîtres et leur environnement benthique lors d’un épisode de surmortalité. La photobiologie du microphytobenthos sous les tables semblait en meilleur état comparé à celle observée dans les allées pouvant favoriser la résilience virale. Les tables à huîtres atténuaient la lumière, la température et la dessication évitant ainsi une thermo et photoinhibition du microphytobenthos. Les indices de la qualité environnementale de l’habitat benthique basés sur la communauté macrozoobenthique ont traduit une dégradation du milieu suite aux apports de matière organique induits par les mortalités de naissains d’huîtres puis des échouages des macroalgues. Une quantité importante d’OsHV-1 était retrouvée à la surface du biofilm avant les mortalités. Sa remise en suspension était préférentiellement associée aux particules microphytobenthiques avec de faibles courantsSince 2008, the mortality of Pacific oyster spat Crassostrea gigas has mainly been linked to the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μvariant (OsHV-1 μVar). Environmental parameters favoring the persistence and spread of the virus could affect its propagation dynamics. The objectives of this thesis were to study in situ the interactions between oyster spat and their benthic environment during an episode of mortality. The photobiology of the microphytobenthos beneath the tables seemed to be in a better state compared to that observed in aisles that could promote viral resilience. The oyster tables attenuated light, temperature and desiccation, thus avoiding thermo and photoinhibition of the microphytobenthos. The benthic habitat environmental quality indices based on the macrozoobenthic community showed a degradation of the environment following the influx of organic matter induced by oyster spat mortalities and strandings of the macroalgae. A significant amount of OsHV-1 was found on the surface of the biofilm before the mortalities. Resuspension was preferentially associated with microphytobenthic particles with small currents
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degli, Emilia Innocenti. "ECOLOGY OF SANDY BEACH MACROFAUNA AND ITS BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1271084.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is composed of three separate chapters, two of which are published, an introductory and a concluding chapter. The main question that led to the development of the studies presented in the thesis is the following: is it possible to compare behavioural and ecological studies at a large geographical scale in the context of the ecosystems of sandy beaches under environmental changes? After the first introductory chapter, in the second chapter I present a review of studies in different (geographically distant) localities affected by similar distal and proximate drivers of climate change. In “Behavioural adaptations of sandy beach macrofauna in face of climate change impacts: A conceptual framework”, we discussed if behavioural responses by sandy beach macrofauna were consistent with expectations under climate change. We formulated specific hypotheses for how behavioural adaptations in sandy beach macrofauna are predicted to respond to climate change impacts. We provided an overview of macrofauna behavioural adaptation features in different and varying environmental contexts, a summary of the effects of main climate change drivers on sandy beaches and a conceptual framework predicting behavioural adaptations of sandy beach macrofauna under climate change pressure.
In the third chapter, I present an experimental study linked to the main question for the ecological approach, to highlight which factors and variables in the physical-chemical environment influence the arthropodofauna distribution. In “Arthropodofauna richness and abundance across beach-dune systems with contrasting morphodynamics”, I investigated the across-shore distribution of arthropods in two Uruguayan sandy beach-dune systems with contrasting morphodynamics. I performed a deconstructive analysis to describe faunal changes from the dunes to the shoreline, and assessed existing hypotheses on the species distribution in relation to beach morphodynamics.
In the fourth chapter, I present an experimental study focusing on talitrid ecology and behaviour in different localities, assuming that zonation and orientation behaviour of talitrids is an immediate response to environmental changes and considering behavioural adaptations as immediate responses to stressful environmental conditions, which may be dramatically increased with climate change. Starting from local comparisons, I analysed the relationships between the physical-chemical characteristics of six sandy beaches and the zonation and orientation behaviour of talitrid amphipods, ending with a comparison at a large geographical scale of two different species expressing similar behavioural adaptations in different localities.
Частини книг з теми "Littoral macrofauna"
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Kraufvelin, Patrik, Hartvig Christie, and Marianne Olsen. "Littoral macrofauna (secondary) responses to experimental nutrient addition to rocky shore mesocosms and a coastal lagoon." In Sustainable Increase of Marine Harvesting: Fundamental Mechanisms and New Concepts, 149–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3190-4_13.
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