Дисертації з теми "Lithic Assemblage"
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1
Milne, Susan Brooke. "Pre-Dorset lithic technology, a study of lithic assemblage variability in an inland Pre-Dorset site." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40482.pdf.
2
Pope, Matthew Ian. "The significance of biface-rich assemblages : an examination of behavioural controls on lithic assemblage formation in the lower palaeolithic." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270401.
3
Milliken, Sarah. "Aspects of lithic assemblage variability in the late Palaeolithic of south-east Italy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dcc65351-7853-4942-bd7a-9f0c036f7fe6.
Анотація:
This thesis concerns late Palaeolithic settlement in the region of Puglia, south-east Italy, at the close of the Pleistocene. Puglia comprises three sub-regions which contain sites of this period: the Salento peninsula, the Murge, and the Gargano promontory. The late Palaeolithic occupation must be considered in relation to the former existence of an extensive coastal plain, and to the sea-level rise which submerged it. The late Palaeolithic assemblages of the region have been studied previously by Italian archaeologists from a rigid typological stance, with various schemes put forward suggesting evolution of the assemblages through different stages of an Epigravettian tradition. In this thesis, attribute analysis is used to re-examine the principal assemblages, using published data where adequate and supplemented by samples studied by the author in Italy. The results are analyzed to seek the social and economic factors which shaped the various industries, as well as diachronic change wherever it can be demonstrated. Factors such as difficulty in obtaining raw material were clearly crucial to assemblage composition. The existing typological schemes are shown to lack real bases and to mask rather than reveal sociocultural information. Chapter 1 states the aims of the thesis and critically discusses previous theoretical approaches to the late Palaeolithic of the region. Chapters 2 and 3 describe relevant aspects of the regional palaeoenvironment. The author's own methodological approach is explained in Chapter 4, and then used for a detailed study of the assemblages from Grotta delle Cipolliane in Chapter 5. This is followed in Chapter 6 by a broader study of the late Palaeolithic assemblages in Puglia, with discussions of their possible diachronic and synchronic relationships. Chapter 7 develops this latter theme into an attempt to understand the social and economic features of the late Palaeolithic settlement of Puglia, and suggestions are made concerning future work that might improve the quality of the archaeological evidence. Chapter 8 summarizes the main conclusions of the thesis.
4
Titton, Stefania. "Lithic assemblage, percussive technologies and behavior at the Oldowan site of Barranco León (Orce, Andalucía, Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671351.
Анотація:
Aquesta tesi doctoral tracta per primera vegada, de l’estudi en la seva totalitat del conjunt de les eines lítiques de Barranco León, proporcionant una anàlisi tipològica, morfo-tecnològica i tafonòmica d’un conjunt lític de més 1,4 milions d’anys. S'han analitzat les cadenes operatives en calcària i en sílex, identificant internament diferents seqüències de talla. La reconstrucció de la formació del dipòsit arqueològic s’ha dut a terme mitjançant la combinació de les dades geològiques i arqueològiques, les quals han permès determinar les activitats dels hominids en context primari com ara: la selecció de les matèries primeres, mida i forma del suports, activitats de talla i percussió, i l’abandonament de les eines produïdes i utilitzades pels hominids. La combinació de metodologies clàssiques i innovadores ens ha permès entendre millor les estratègies de gestió dels nuclis, dels percussors i les eines. La identificació de gratadors de gran format i subesferoides com a morfologies obtingudes de manera intencionada ens situa Barranco León al final de l'Oldowan.Esta tesis doctoral trata por primera vez, el estudio en su totalidad del conjunto de herramientas de piedra de Barranco León, proporcionando un análisis tipológico, morfotécnico y tafonómico de este conjunto lítico con una antigüedad de más de 1,4 millones de años. Se han analizado las cadenas operativas en caliza y sílex, identificando internamente diferentes secuencias de talla. En este trabajo se ha realizado la reconstrucción de la formación del deposito arqueológico a través de la combinación de los datos geológicos y arqueológicos, los cuales han permitido determinar las actividades de los homínidos en un contexto primario: selección de las materias primas, tamaño y forma de los soportes, actividades de talla, percusión, y abandono de las herramientas producidas y utilizadas por los homínidos. La combinación de metodologías clásicas por un lado e innovadoras por otro, nos ha permitido comprender mejor las estrategias de gestión de núcleos, percutores y herramientas. La identificación de rascadores de gran formato y subesferoides como morfologías obtenidas intencionalmente ubican a Barranco León en el Oldowan tardío.
This doctoral thesis deals for the first time with the study of the Barranco León stone tool assemblage in its entirety, providing a typological, morpho-technological, as well as taphonomic analysis of a lithic assemblage over 1.4 million years old. The limestone and flint operational chains are analyzed, identifying internally different chains of actions. The reconstruction of the formation of the depositional sequence carried out in this work through the combination of geological and archeological data, has allowed to determine hominin activities in a primary context: selection of the raw materials, cobble size and shape, knapping and percussion activities, and abandonment of the tools produced and used by the hominins. The combination of classical and innovative methodologies allows to better understand the core, hammer and tool management strategies. The identification of heavy-duty scrapers and sub-spheroids as intentionally obtained morphologies now place Barranco León in the Late Oldowan.
5
Siggers, Julian F. C. "The lithic assemblage from Tabaqat al-Bûma, a late neolithic site in Wadi Ziqlab, Northern Jordan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ33917.pdf.
6
Pettitt, Paul Barry. "Tool reduction models, primary flaking, and lithic assemblage variability in the Middle Palaeolithic of southwest France." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272697.
7
Phillips, Emily P. "Investigating the Behavioral Factors that Influence Regional Lithic Assemblage Variability in the Upper Basin, Northern Arizona." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554215450534061.
8
Szeghi, Shelley A. "Spatial Distribution and Assemblage Composition Patterns of Sherd-and-Lithic Artifact Scatters in the Upper Basin, Northern Arizona." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342730836.
9
Kyara, Onesphor. "Lithic raw materials and their implications on assemblage variation and hominid behavior during bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation services, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40020312q.
10
Clark, Amy Elizabeth. "Spatial Structure and the Temporality of Assemblage Formation: A Comparative Study of Seven Open Air Middle Paleolithic Sites in France." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556880.
Анотація:
The spatial arrangements of artifacts and features within archaeological sites have often been used to isolate activity areas and draw inferences about site function. This approach assumes that objects found in close proximity were used for the same task, and that artifacts are usually discarded where they were used. However, the location of artifact abandonment often has more to do with patterns of discard and use/reuse of the site throughout time than with the function or location of activities. This dissertation uses a comparative framework to address how the observed spatial structure of Middle Paleolithic sites in France sites was formed through centrifugal dispersion of lithic artifacts, i.e. the displacement of artifacts between their creation and the final location of their abandonments. Seven Middle Paleolithic sites were included in this study. The sites were excavated over large areas, from 200 to more than 2000 m². They range from small single component occupation sites to lithic raw material workshops with assemblages of more than 15,000 artifacts. The movement of artifacts is tracked through an analysis of sets of refitted lithics and through comparisons of the distributions of multiple classes of artifact across areas of the sites with differing artifact densities. Studying the distribution of lithic technological classes and tracking their movement through refitting sets provides new perspectives on the ways Paleolithic archaeological assemblages and sites were formed. The temporality of site use had a much greater impact on site structure than did activities that took place at any one point during a site's occupation. These data enabled me to assess the relative lengths and numbers of occupations for the seven sites in this study. The approach taken in this study not only provides a clearer understanding of site formation and structure than do studies that strive to isolate "activity areas," but it also provides information about the sizes of past human groups and the ways they moved among different localities on the landscape. Such insights are integral to the study of land use, mobility and economic adaptations among Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.
11
Marciani, Giulia. "The lithic assemblage of the US 13 at the middle paleolithic site of Oscurusciuto (Ginosa, Taranto, Southern Italy): technological studies." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6019.
12
Jamshidi, Fatemeh. "Étude techno-typologique des assemblages lithiques du Pléistocène de deux sites paléolithiques en plein air : Band-e Pey (Basse-Caspienne) et Kouhrang (contreforts du Zagros)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU20093.
Анотація:
Les récentes recherches archéologiques en Iran ont abouti à la découverte de nouveaux sites paléolithiques en plein air sur le plateau iranien. Deux des découvertes récentes de ce type ont été choisies pour être étudiées ici. L'un des sites en plein air concerné s'appelle Band-e Pey et il est situé dans les forêts de la côte sud de la mer Caspienne et l'autre, nommé Kouhrang, se trouve dans les hautes terres des contreforts du Zagros. Les deux contiennent des centaines d'artefacts lithiques dispersés sur une vaste zone. Ces deux sites ont été étudiés en utilisant une approche techno-typologique lithique, puis en donnant un sens de datation comparative aux deux assemblages. En plus d'essayer de donner une idée de l'attribution chrono-culturelle, la structure de l'assemblage lithique des deux sites est comparée aux données climato-environnementales pour vérifier si l'on pouvait trouver une corrélation entre les deux variables de la technologie et de l'environnement et, par conséquent, pour étudier les stratégies d'adaptation. Le principal inconvénient ici est le contexte des découvertes et l'absence de tout dépôt daté de manière sûre. Pour pallier cette difficulté, les résultats de l'étude techno-typologique sont comparés aux données d'un large échantillon d'autres sites connus du Paléolithique moyen et supérieur d'Iran et d'Asie du Sud-Ouest à l'aide de statistiques multivariées. L'autre problème concerne la rareté des recherches paléoclimatiques en Iran qui rend difficile la reconstitution des conditions environnementales. L'analyse a toutefois pu indiquer que les deux sites en plein air étaient très probablement des camps de base avec une large variété d'activités. Compte tenu du fait que la principale séquence de réduction dans les deux sites est l'enlèvement d'éclats et que la fabrication d'outils à base d'éclats comme le fait que les outils dans les deux assemblages sont dominés par les types attribuables au Paléolithique moyen avec la présence de la technique Levallois, l'occupation principale des sites remonte à cette période. En plus de ce qui a été mentionné, l'assemblage de Band-e Pey semble expédiant, impliquant peut-être l'impact de l'environnement forestier tempéré sur la structure de l'assemblage, contrairement à Kouhrang, avec une meilleure conservation. Enfin, le résultat de la démarche comparative suggère que le modèle d'utilisation des territoires était plus de nature saisonnière à Kouhrang, alors que l'on pourrait envisager une durée d'occupation annuelle plus longue à Band-e PeyThe recent Aarchaeological research in Iran has resulted in the discovery of some open-air Paleolithic sites across the Iranian Plateau which are seemingly found everywhere across the plateau. Two of the recent finds of this type have been chosen for study here. One of the open-air sites is named Band-e Pey, which is located within the forests of the Southern Caspian Sea shore and the other, named Kouhrang is in the highlands of the Zagros foothills. Both are containing hundreds of lithic artifacts dispersed across a vast area. It is intended here to study the two sites using lithic techno-typological approach and then, giving some sense of comparative dating to both assemblages. In addition to trying to give a sense of timeframe, the lithic assemblage structure of the two sites would be compared against climatic-environmental data to check whether one could find any correlation between the two variables of technology and environment and hence, to study adaptive strategies. The main drawback here is the surface nature of the findings and the lack of any securely dated deposit. To ameliorate this difficulty, the results of techno-typological study would be compared to the data from some other known Iranian and southwest Asian Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites with the help of multivariate statistics. Apart from the lack of any dated deposit, the other problem concerns the paucity of paleoclimatic research in Iran which makes it difficult to reconstruct the environmental conditions. As a result of lab and library research, the analysis indicated that both open-air sites were most probablybase camps with a variety of activities. Giving the fact that the main reduction sequence in both sites is the removal of flakes and the making of flake-based tools and the fact that tool category in both assemblages are dominated by the known Middle Paleolithic retouched varieties with the presence of Levallois technique, the main occupation of the sites was in Middle Paleolithic Period. In addition to what has been mentioned, Band-e Pey assemblage looks more expeditious, maybeimplying the impact of temperate forest environment on the assemblage structure, contrary to Kouhrang, with more significant conserved nature. Finally, the result of library research suggests that land use pattern was more of a seasonal nature in Kouhrang, while one could envisage longer yearly duration of occupation in Band- e Pey
13
Raddatz, Elizabeth Rosalia. "Making sense of cave and open-air sites : a taphonomic investigation of inter-site and lithic assemblage variability and hunter-gatherer landscape use in peninsular Malaysia and island Southeast Asia during the later stages of the late Pleistocene (c.70-20 ka)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708752.
14
Snashall, Nicola. "The idea of residence in the Neolithic Cotswolds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274974.
15
Hudgell, Gemma-Jayne. "Modelling the formation of lithic assemblages in the Early Stone Age." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428226.
16
Bierwirth, Susan Linton. "Lithic analysis in Southwest France: Middle Paleolithic assemblages from La Quina (Charente)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185712.
Анотація:
Stone tool assemblages have been central to Middle Paleolithic archaeology because they endure as the most complete cultural record from this period. For many years, the focus of analysis of these lithic materials has been concentrated upon retouched flake tools and variations in their relative frequencies. Although the significance of such variation has been debated for many years, the causes of Mousterian lithic variability have never been fully understood. This analysis of the Middle Paleolithic assemblages from the site of La Quina (Charente) was undertaken to integrate traditional studies with analyses of a more complete range of lithic remains. A total of 6392 artifacts including 1162 tools from thirteen archaeologically-defined strata were classified on the basis of sixteen attributes. Over ten thousand smaller flakes were counted and sorted by material, completeness, and cortical cover. Comparisons of these attribute frequencies between the strata at La Quina were then used to discern variability in Middle Paleolithic stone technology and typology. These findings form the basis for an interpretation of site activity as well as for a model of Middle Paleolithic subsistence in Southwest France. Assemblages that contained a predominance of even edged tools were found to vary differently from those with primarily serrated edged tools. Denticulates were recovered in association with all stages of lithic manufacture debris while scrapers occurred only with products of late stage reduction. This variation is suggested to be associated with different strategies of raw material use and intensity of reduction. These factors are in turn tied to environmental constraints and the mobility of Middle Paleolithic hunter-gather groups.
17
Clegg, Eileen Rebecca. "The significance of relationships between lithic production traditions : a case study of four PPN lithic assemblages from southern Jordan." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402410.
18
Kunneriath, Madhavi. "Lower and Middle Palaeolithic lithic assemblages from southern Peninsular India: a geometric morphometric and classical approach to Large Cutting Tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672263.
Анотація:
El subcontinent indi ofereix un gran potencial per contribuir als debats en curs sobre dispersions d’hominins i
transicions tecnoculturals. Els jaciments de la vall de Malaprabha, al sud de l’Índia peninsular, proporcionen una
perspectiva regional sobre els processos de transició entre el Paleolític inferior i el Paleolític mitjà.
Es van triar tres conjunts, des del final de l'Aixelià fins al Paleolític mitjà, com a col·leccions clau i després es van
comparar amb dos dels seus homòlegs del sud-est. Aquests conjunts, excavats o recollits en superfície, es troben en
diversos Museus de l'Índia, França i el Regne Unit.
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és rastrejar els canvis tecnològics i tipològics dels Large Cutting Tools (LCT: Grans
Eines Tallants, bifaços i fenedors) en la transició del Paleolític inferior al Paleolític mitjà. Un segon objectiu era
discernir els efectes de les matèries primeres sobre la variabilitat de formes dels LCT. La combinació de l’anàlisi tecnotipològica clàssica i l’anàlisi Geomètrica-Morfomètrica (2D i 3D) ens permet obtenir resultats holístics precisos i
reversibles.
Els LCT inclouen més bifaços que fenedors. Es fabriquen constantment a partir de quarsita local en diversos tipus de
suports amb un ús creixent de les ascles com a suport. La seva variabilitat morfològica s’observa principalment en la
perifèria de l’objecte i no està influenciada pels tipus de suportsEl subcontinente indio, ofrece un gran potencial para contribuir a los debates sobre la dispersión de los homínidos y las transiciones tecnoculturales. Los yacimientos del Valle de Malaprabha, en el suroeste de la India, proporcionan una perspectiva regional sobre los procesos de transición entre el Paleolítico Inferior y Medio. Se eligieron tres conjuntos, del Achelense tardío hasta el Paleolítico medio local y luego se compararon con dos de sus homólogos. Estos conjuntos, excavados o procedentes de recogidas de superficie, se encuentran en varios museos de India, Francia y Reino Unido. El objetivo era trazar los cambios tecnológicos de los Large Cutting Tools en la transición del Paleolítico Inferior al Medio. Un segundo objetivo es discernir la influencia de las materias primas y los tipos de soporte en las variabilidades de forma de los LCTs. La combinación del análisis tecno-tipológico y el enfoque de la morfometría geométrica (2D y 3D) nos permite obtener resultados holísticos precisos. Los LCTs de Malaprabha incluyen más bifaces que hendedores. Se fabrican casi exclusivamente en cuarcita local en varios tipos de soportes con un uso progresivo de lascas. Su variabilidad de forma se encuentra en la periferia y no está influenciada por los soportes.
The Indian sub-continent, midway between Africa and South-east Asia, offers great potential to contribute to the ongoing debates of hominin dispersals and techno-cultural transitions. The Malaprabha Valley sites, in south-western Peninsular India, provides a regional perspective on the transitional processes between Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. Three assemblages, from local Late Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic were chosen as the key collections and then compared to two of their south-eastern counterparts. These assemblages, excavated or collected from surface, are housed in various museums in India, France and UK. The aim of this PhD was to trace the technological and typological changes of the Large cutting tools (LCTs: handaxes and cleavers) at the transition from Lower to Middle Palaeolithic. A second objective was to discern raw material and blank effects on the shape variabilities of the LCTs. Combining the classical techno-typological analysis and Geometric Morphometric approach (2D and 3D) allow us to get accurate, reversible holistic results. LCTs in Malaprabha Valley always include more handaxes than cleavers. They are constantly made from local quartzite on various types of blanks with gradual increasing use of the flakes. Their shape variability is mostly located on their periphery and is not influenced by the blank types. Whatever variability occurred it seemed to result from varying relative width and thickness.
19
Pecora, Albert M. "The organization of chipped-stone tool manufacture and the formation of lithic assemblages /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267520091.
20
Ritchie, Graham Andrew. "Chronological and regional variability in Late Mesolithic narrow-blade lithic assemblages from northern Britain." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5715.
Анотація:
A marked change in character of Mesolithic chipped stone industries occurred c. 9200 BP. Early Mesolithic 'broad-blade' microlithic technology was replaced by Late Mesolithic 'narrow-blade' technology. Narrow-blade technology remained in use throughout the period c. 9200-5200 BP. Some changes are likely during this 4000-year period. Hitherto, however, it has proved difficult to identify chronological and regional variations within the British narrow-blade industries, based on stylistic and technical attributes. This is because most narrow-blade assemblages are surface collections which represent hundreds of years of human activity, concealing technological development over time. I have approached this problem by analyzing and comparing the lithic assemblages from securely dated sites from various parts of northern Britain, with the intention of re-defining Late Mesolithic typochronology. Six lithic assemblages from Late Mesolithic sites in northern England and western Scotland served as the primary source material. These assemblages were recovered from sites excavated by Clive Bonsall between 1974 and 1999: Monk Moors and Williamson's Moss in the Eskmeals region of Cumbria; Lon Mor, Kilmore and Ulva in western Scotland; and Low Hauxley in Northumberland. By undertaking a detailed quantitative typological analysis of each lithic assemblage, I have been able to examine chronological and regional variability in narrow-blade lithic technology. Patterns of variability in the primary and secondary technological components of the lithic assemblages have been explored, and I have fitted this data into a much broader context incorporating the greater body of narrow-blade lithic material excavated from northern Britain. I have also assessed the security and efficacy of the current 14C record for the narrow-blade Mesolithic using the S2AGES 14C evaluation scheme. Using this method, I have been able to identify and remove unreliable 14C dates from the typochronological model. Chronological variability in narrow-blade technology has been assessed using only reliable 14C evidence. I have therefore established a secure 14C foundation for future research in the narrow-blade Mesolithic, and the interpretative potential of narrow-blade material from northern Britain has been greatly improved. Finally, I have integrated the Mesolithic 14C chronologies of Britain and north-western Europe. The chronological and technological dimensions of the narrow-blade Mesolithic in northern Britain have been considered within a broader European context, and I have modelled the development of lithic cultures in Postglacial north-west Europe.
21
Bierwirth, Susan L. "Lithic analysis in Southwestern France : Middle Paleolithic assemblages from the site of La Quina /." Oxford : Tempus reparatum, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35835437q.
22
Asryan, Lena. "AZOKH CAVE LITHIC ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR CONTEXTUALIZATION IN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER PLEISTOCENE OF SOUTHWEST ASIA." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318588.
Анотація:
La cova d'Azokh és un jaciment de Plistocè Mitjà a Holocè situada a Nagorno Karabaj (Càucas Sud). La regió geogràfica forma un passadís que connecta Àfrica, Europa i Àsia, i ha estat un àrea important per a l'expansió dels humans i altres animals. Aquest estudi està basat en l'anàlisi detallada i sistemàtica de les matèries primeres, la tecno-tipologia, la funció i les alteracions post-deposicionals dels conjunts lítics trobats en la seqüència sedimentària superior de la cova (nivells V – I) durant les excavacions de 2002 – 2012. Les dades cronològiques indiquen una edat d'entre 293 – 100 ka per a aquests nivells.
Els resultats mostren l'explotació de diferents matèries primeres locals i no locals en tots els nivells per a la producció dels artefactes lítics, encara que les matèries primeres són més variades en el Nivell II. L'obsidiana és l'única matèria primera d'origen llunyà. Els conjunts lítics estan compostos principalment per productes de talla, amb pocs nuclis i restes de talla. La cadena operativa està fragmentada en tots els nivells i per a totes les matèries primeres. Les característiques tecno-tipològiques i la cronologia de Nivell V presenten similituds amb l'Acheulo-Yabrudià i el Kudaro-Acheulià del Sud-oest d'Àsia. Es pot caracteritzar com a Acheulià tardà o pre-Musterià sense bifaços. Els conjunts lítics dels nivells IV i III són massa petits i, de moment, no se'ls pot assignar a cap algun grup tecno-tipològic en particular. El conjunt lític de Nivell II, pel el seu clar caràcter Levallois i per la seva cronologia, presenta similituds amb Tabun C, amb el Kudaro-Djruchulià, i parcialment també amb el Musterià de Zagros i Karain. És clarament Mode 3 Levallois Musterià. Algunes peces de diferents nivells tenen evidents traces d'ús, tot i que les col•leccions estan afectades en major o menor mesura per diverses alteracions postdeposicionals, principalment mecàniques i químiques.
Els conjunts lítics inclouen eines mòbils, adaptades a un estil de vida mòbil que inclou ocupacions humanes curtes i temporals a la cova d'Azokh, afectades clarament per l'ús de la cova per grans carnívors.La cueva de Azokh es un yacimiento de Pleistoceno Medio a Holoceno situada en Nagorno Karabaj (Cáucaso Sur). La región geográfica forma un pasillo conectando África, Europa y Asia, y ha sido un área importante para la expansión de los humanos y otros animales. Este estudio está basado en el análisis detallado y sistemático de las materias primas, la tecno-tipología, la función y las alteraciones post-deposicionales de los conjuntos líticos hallados en la secuencia sedimentaria superior de la cueva (niveles V – I) durante las excavaciones de 2002 – 2012. Los datos cronológicos indican una edad de entre 293 – 100 ka para estos niveles. Los resultados muestran la explotación de diferentes materias primas locales y no locales en todos los niveles para la producción de los artefactos líticos, aunque las materias primas son más variadas en el Nivel II. La obsidiana es la única materia prima de origen lejano. Los conjuntos líticos están compuestos principalmente por productos de talla, con pocos núcleos y restos de talla. La cadena operativa está fragmentada en todos los niveles y para todas las materias primas. Las características tecno-tipológicas y la cronología de Nivel V presentan similitudes con el Achelo-Yabrudiense y el Kudaro-Achelense en Suroeste de Asia. Se puede caracterizar como Achelense tardío o pre-Musteriense sin bifaces. Los conjuntos líticos de los niveles IV y III son demasiado pequeños y, de momento, no se pueden asignar a ningún grupo tecno-tipológico en particular. El conjunto lítico de Nivel II muestra un claro carácter Levallois, por su cronología tiene similitudes con Tabun C, con el Kudaro-Djruchuliense, y parcialmente también con el Musteriense de Zagros y Karain. Es claramente Modo 3 Levallois Musteriense. Algunas piezas de diferentes niveles tienen evidentes huellas de uso, aunque las colecciones están afectadas en mayor o menor medida por diversas alteraciones postdeposicionales, principalmente mecánicas y químicas. Los conjuntos líticos incluyen herramientas móviles, adaptadas a un estilo de vida móvil que incluye ocupaciones humanas cortas y temporales en la cueva de Azokh, afectadas claramente por el uso de la cueva por grandes carnívoros.
Azokh Cave is a Middle Pleistocene to Holocene site in Nagorno Karabagh (Southern Caucasus). The geographic region forms a corridor linking Africa, Europe and Asia, and was important for early hominin and other animal expansion. The study is based on detailed, systematic analyses of raw material, techno-typology, function, and post-depositional alteration of lithic assemblages recovered from the upper sedimentary sequence of the cave (Units V - I) during the 2002 – 2012 excavations. Chronological data indicates an age between 293 – 100 Kyr for these units. Results showed exploitation of different local and non-local raw materials in all units for the production of lithic artefacts, although the range of raw materials is more varied in Unit II. Obsidian is the only raw material originating from distant sources. The lithic assemblages are composed primarily of knapping products with a few cores and some knapping waste. The operative chain is fragmented in all units and for all raw materials. The techno-typological characteristics and chronology of Unit V share similarities with the Acheulo-Yabrudian and Kudaro Acheulean in Southwest Asia. It is Late Acheulean or pre-Mousterian without large-cutting tools. The lithic assemblages of Unit VI and III are too small and cannot be assigned to a particular techno-group at present. The Unit II assemblage with its clear Levallois component and chronology shares similarities with Tabun C, Kudaro-Djruchulian, partly also with the Zagros and Karain Mousterian and is clearly Mode 3 Mousterian of Levallois facies. Some artefacts from different units bear evident use-wear traces, and lithics in all units are affected by different post-depositional alterations, primarily mechanical and chemical. Lithic assemblages included mobile tool kits adapted to a mobile lifestyle indicated by short, seasonal occupations of the cave by hominins, who were nevertheless affected by large carnivore use of the cave.
23
Nilson, Raymond James. "At the core of process : rethinking the early Mesolithic lithic assemblages from the Kennet Valley, Berkshire." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/at-the-core-of-process-rethinking-the-early-mesolithic-lithic-assemblages-from-the-kennet-valley-berkshire(2c1ad6f4-2a6b-451d-92dd-45d74a94b273).html.
Анотація:
This project focuses on the early Mesolithic in the Kennet Valley, Berkshire in southern England. Through an extensive analysis of the lithic assemblages from six prominent early Mesolithic sites (i.e. Thatcham 1958-1961 Sites I, II, and III, Thatcham Sewage Works 1989, Greenham Dairy Farm, and Faraday Road), this thesis explores the social and practical processes which hunter-gatherers engaged in during lithic activities. It investigates the very notion of process and how we as archaeologists, often negate such phenomena in favour of strict technical and functional aspects associated with lithic assemblages from this period. Drawing upon this argument, this study explores and critiques the traditional theory that Mesolithic inhabitations were nothing more than functional type sites (e.g. hunting and base camps). Instead, it advocates an approach which seeks to illuminate that these occupations were derived from many historical and contemporary social and practical processes, which were embedded within lithic activities that were largely responsible for the continual production of the early Mesolithic landscape in the Kennet Valley.
24
Acuña, Julian Eduardo. "EARLY FORMATIVE PERIOD EXCHANGE, CRAFTING, AND SUBSISTENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF LA CONSENTIDA’S CHIPPED STONE ASSEMBLAGE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/780.
Анотація:
The primary concern of this thesis is to quantify and analyze the lithic (chipped stone) assemblage previously excavated by Hepp (2015) and the La Consentida Archaeological Project (LCAP) at the archaeological site of La Consentida in the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. The lithic assemblage is comprised of over 500 artifacts mainly of obsidian and chert. This research represents a study of all primary context lithic artifacts from La Consentida and focuses on obsidian, the material most used at the site. In the first part of this thesis I provide an analysis of all lithic artifacts of this primary context assemblage collected during the 2012 field season. Additionally, I present technological considerations regarding manufacturing techniques and subsequent issues regarding technique implementation. The second part of this thesis examines the distribution of lithics, in addition to other artifact classes (i.e. ceramics and ground stone), at the site and relates this to manufacturing techniques and inferences towards social organization. Results indicate that the people of La Consentida favored obsidian as a material for lithic manufacture. While other materials were used to produce chipped stone, obsidian dominates the assemblage. Further, these materials were used in expedient lithic reduction, which characterizes the majority of the assemblage. In addition to expedient flakes, specialized tools are also present, although minimal. Additionally, the way in which lithics, and more importantly obsidian artifacts, are distributed at the site indicates a purposeful designation for manufacture and use in specific locations. The artifacts I examine here are crucial to determining the economic practices of this Early Formative period (2000–1000 B.C.) site. Ascertaining how the lithic artifacts were distributed at the site will help expand current understandings of Early Formative period exchange, crafting, and subsistence practices. Furthermore, these results may have implications for developing our understanding of social organization at the earliest known settled village in coastal Oaxaca.
25
NIANG, Khady. "Pour une révision technologique des industries sur galets du Paléolithique inférieur de la région bolognaise : approche techno-économique aux assemblages lithiques de Bel Poggio, Monte Poggiolo, Romanina Bianca et Romanina Nera." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388808.
Анотація:
Des publications précédentes parlent de dizaines de sites localisés en Emilie Romagne (Italie) considérés chronologiquement parlant comme appartenant à la phase la plus ancienne du Paléolithique inférieur sur la base de considérations purement typologiques. L’objectif de ce travail est de procéder à la révision des industries lithiques de certains de ces sites avec une approche méthodologique basée sur le concept de chaîne opératoire. L’étude est géographiquement circonscrite la zone de Bologne et de Forli.
La dissertation est structurée deux parties principales. La première après des considérations d’ordre épistémologiques et méthodologiques concernant l’étude du Paléolithique inférieur. Elle retrace également l’historique du débat relatif aux éolithes et dresse l’état des lieux concernant les diverses méthodologies élaborées afin d’identifier les géofacts. En effet, du fait de la composition des industries (mélangés à des géofacts) il s’est avéré nécessaire mettre en place une méthode d’identification des géofacts. Le concept de clé dichotomique emprunté à la biologie végétale a été appliqué aux industries lithiques grâce à la combinaison des variables caractérisant les industries lithiques selon la méthode de percussion utilisée.
La deuxième partie revient sur le débat relatif au premier peuplement de l’Europe, le contexte général du Paléolithique inférieur européen en rappelant les données archéologiques, paléoenvironnementales et chronologiques. Une partie plus approfondie est réservée à l’Italie. En plus de l’application de la clé dichotomique, une activité expérimentale avec les techniques de percussion directe et bipolaire a été menée pour les sites de Monte Poggiolo, Bel Poggio, Romanina Bianca, Cava i laghi avec matériel en provenance de l’environnement immédiat des sites afin de mieux cerner les caractéristiques morphotechnologiques des industries étudiées.
L’âge chronologique de certains sites (Romanina Bianca) est sérieusement compromis par les caractéristiques morpho-techniques de leurs industries qui les placent dans des périodes plus récentes. Et la comparaison des techniques mises en œuvre dans ces sites avec d’autres sites présumés contemporains (après reconsidération techno-typologique) permet de mettre en évidence une certaine homogénéité des connaissances techniques mais aussi des choix imposés par la nature de la matière première exploitée. Par contre d’autre site de référence ( Bel Poggio) du Paléolithique inférieur de l’Italie voit leur industrie redéfinie et leur effectif se réduire drastiquement du fait de la présence de géofacts.
Cette dissertation n’est que l’ébauche de tout un travail qui doit être fait pour replacer le Paléolithique inférieur et moyen de l’Italie dans un cadre chrono-technologique mais aussi paléoenvironementale mieux définis. L’autre axe de recherche à exploiter concerne très probablement les modalités d’occupation du territoire afin de définir des modèles de subsistance et d’organisation sociale sur la base des données relatives à la variabilité technologique, et la distribution des ressources.
26
Sturgess, Matthew D. R. "Size matters, an analysis of intrasite variability of lithic debitage assemblages from Tasiarulik, a Late Dorset habitation site." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47967.pdf.
27
Field, Annabel Sarah. "The Middle Pleistocene in transition : lithic assemblages and changing social relations between OIS 12 and 6 in Europe and Africa." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269584.
28
Reynolds, Natasha. "The mid Upper Palaeolithic of European Russia : chronology, culture history and context : a study of five Gravettian backed lithic assemblages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9a56097-50b9-427d-8276-3acc191c834c.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the Mid Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) of Russia (ca. 30,000-20,000 14C BP). During this time, as in the rest of Europe, the principal archaeological industry is known as the Gravettian. However, in Russia two other industries, the Streletskayan and the Gorodtsovian, are also known from the beginning of the MUP. Historically, there have been significant problems integrating the Russian MUP record with that from the rest of Europe. The research described in this thesis concentrates on backed lithic assemblages (including Gravette points, microgravettes, other backed points and backed bladelets) from five Russian Gravettian sites: Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9, Khotylevo 2 and Kostenki 21 Layer 3. These are studied from an explicitly Western European theoretical perspective, using standard techno-typological methods to construct typological groupings and describe the variation between and within sites. Alongside this, new radiocarbon dates from several sites Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4 and Borshchevo 5) were obtained. These radiocarbon dates are critically analysed alongside published dates and unpublished dates made available to this research. The results of the research constitute a new culture history for the Russian MUP. Each stage of the MUP is dated and described, and the uncertainties in our knowledge outlined. One new lithic index fossil is defined and two others are re-assessed. The Russian record is compared with the contemporary archaeological record elsewhere in Europe, in order to describe large-scale synchronic variation and changes through time in the homogeneity and regionalisation of material culture. The relationship between these dynamics and climate change are discussed.
29
Ludwig, Brian Vincent. "A technological reassesment of East African Plio-Pe=leistocene lithic artifact assemblages : early neolithic societies in the Aisne valley, France /." Ann Arbor (Mich.) : UMI dissertation services, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40020065g.
30
Tumung, Laxmi. "Functional Analysis of the Lithic Assemblages from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites of Khorramabad Valley (Western Iran), with special reference to Kaldar Cave." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668723.
Анотація:
Aquesta tesi se centra en l'estudi funcional de conjunts de Paleolític mitjà i superior de la Vall de Khorramabad (Iran occidental), amb especial atenció a la cova de Kaldar. S'emmarca en un projecte de recerca multidisciplinària centrat en la transició del Paleolític mitjà al superior a les muntanyes del Zagros.
Metodològicament, s'adopta una doble perspectiva, que inclou l'anàlisi de micro-desgast i la de residus, sempre des d'una perspectiva no invasiva i multi-tècnica. A la microscòpia òptica i electrònica de rastreig (OM i SEM) comunament utilitzades, s'ha afegit la microscòpia 3D digital (3D DM). Per la caracterització química dels residus, hem utilitzat el SEM amb microanàlisi EDX, FTIR i μXRD. Totes aquestes tècniques s'han aplicat tant a mostres experimentals com arqueològiques.
La tesi inclou set publicacions. Quatre d'elles son articles publicats en revistes SCI, i estan dedicade a presentar el context arqueològic, cronològic i paleoambiental dels conjunts estudiats. Una és un manuscrit acceptat per una monografia, que inclou els resultats funcionals preliminars del conjunt de Paleolític superior de la cova de Kaldar. Finalment, incloem l'esborrany de dos manuscrits centrats en la proposta multi-analítica d'anàlisi funcional per la identificació de traces d'ús i residus arqueològics.Esta tesis se centra en el estudio funcional de conjuntos del Paleolítico medio y superior del Valle de Khorramabad (Irán Occidental), con especial atención a la Cueva de Kaldar. Se nemarca en un proyecto de investigación multidisciplinar centrado en la transición del Paleolítico medio al superior en las montañas del Zagros. Metodológicamente, se adopta una doble perspectiva, que incluye el análisis del microdesgaste y el de los residuos, siempre desde una perspectiva no invasiva y multi-técnica. A la microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido (OM i SEM) comúnmente utilizadas, se ha añadido la microscopía 3D digital (3D DM). Para caracterización química de los residuos, hemos utilizado el SEM con microanálisis EDX, FTIR i μXRD. Todas estas técnicas se han aplicado tanto a muestras experimentales como arqueológicas. La tesis incluye siete publicaciones. Cuatro de ellas son artículos publicados en revistas SCI, y están dedicados a presentar el contexto arqueológico, cronológico y paleoambiental de los conjuntos estudiados. Otra es un manuscrito aceptado parar una monografía, que incluye los resultados funcionales preliminares del conjunto de Paleolítico superior de la Cueva de Kaldar. Finalmente, incluimos el borrador de dos manuscritos centrados en la propuesta multi-analítica del análisis funcional para la identificación de huelals de uso y residuos arqueológicos.
This thesis faces the functional analysis of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages of the Khorramabad Valley (Western Iran), with special attention to Kaldar Cave. It is framed in a multi-disciplinary research project focused on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition in the Zagros Mountains. In methodological terms, there is a twofold perspective, use-wear and residues analyses, which are always considered from a non-invasive and eminently and multi-technique perspective. To the commonly used optical and scanning electron microscopy (OM and SEM), we added the use of the 3D digital microscopy (3D DM). For the chemical characterisaiton of the residues, we used SEM with microprobe EDX, FTIR and μXRD. All these techniques were applied to both experimental and archaeological samples. The thesis embodies seven publications. Four of them were articles published in SCI journals, and aimed to present the archaeological, chronological and paleoenvironmental context of the studied assemblages. Another is an accepted manuscript for a monograph which deals with the preliminary functional analysis result of the Upper Palaeolithic lithic assemblage of Kaldar Cave. Finally, we include two prepared manuscripts based on the multi-analytic approach for the functional analysis results to identify the archaeological use-wear and residues.
31
Orton, Jayson. "The Quartz Conundrum : understanding the role of quartz in the composition of late Pleistocene and Holocene lithic assemblages from the Verlorenvlei area, Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7418.
Анотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-303).This research explores the related roles of quartz and bipolar reduction in the composition of Later Stone Age (LSA) lithic assemblages from the Verlorenvlei area, Western Cape Province. With few exceptions, these two elements strongly dominate the assemblages from this area, and the attitudes to and reasons for their continuous use are considered here. Discussions on typology and raw material classification illustrate and attempt to solve problems existing in current systems, and a comprehensive classification scheme for the western Cape area is provided. The use of an innovative analytical technique, in which each raw material is assessed individually, allows considerable variation in the flaking and subsequent use of each material to be demonstrated. While fine~grained rocks are undoubtedly preferred for artefact manufacture, overall raw material proportions are clearly determined by the ubiquitous availability of quartz in the study area, but less important factors, virtually impossible to differentiate from the lithics alone, are undoubtedly also implicated. Technological change related to the use of quartz and bipolar flaking is explored through three critical periods, the late Holocene, the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene, and the late Pleistocene. In order to ascertain the factors governing assemblage composition, the frequencies of various artefact types are compared with those of quartz and bipolar cores by means of scatter plots. Correlation coefficients are calculated to assist the analysis of the data, but due to the small sample sizes some visual interpretation of the graphs based on intuitive archaeological knowledge is also essential. Considerably different approaches to the reduction of quartz are demonstrated for each period, with distinct strategies of raw material conservation, each operating in a different manner, existing throughout most of the LSA. These promoted the variable use of bipolar and non-bipolar reduction techniques and microlithic technology in order to make best use of the relatively intractable quartz on offer in the local landscape. Such strategies only broke down during the late Holocene, possibly due to the changing social relations that must have occurred with the introduction of pastoralism to the area some 2000 years ago. The nature of industrial change is also explored, and it is evident that in this area the LSA lithic sequence constitutes a continuous progression of sporadic change with no distinct breaks or periods of absolute stability being apparent. It is recommended that larger sample sizes be used in similar future analyses in order to alleviate the difficulties inherent in drawing general conclusions from small sets of data. The frequency of chips in any assemblage is shown to be unreliable and their exclusion from comparative typological data will lend greater validity to all lithic analyses.
32
Portehault, David. "Synthèse par chimie douce en milieu aqueux d'oxydes de manganèse nano-structurés : des matériaux pour batteries au lithium ?" Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812589.
Анотація:
La précipitation en milieu aqueux d'(oxyhydr)oxydes de manganèse nano-structurés et électroactifs vis-à-vis du lithium a été étudiée. L'influence de différents paramètres expérimentaux (acidité, conditions rédox, contre-cation, température et durée d'évolution) a pu être rationalisée afin de proposer des mécanismes de transformation de phase ainsi que des diagrammes de spéciation pour la synthèse sélective de différents allotropes. Dans le cadre de l'étude des phénomènes de croissance des nanoparticules, des mécanismes d'agrégation ont été mis en évidence et des protocoles ont été développés afin de contrôler ces processus ainsi que la taille des particules. Différentes voies de synthèse de matériaux " hiérarchiques " ont alors été abordées. Les phénomènes de nucléation hétérogène, d'hétéroépitaxie en solution, et d'attachement orienté permettent ainsi d'élaborer des architectures complexes. Enfin, l'influence de la structure des composés, de la taille des nanoparticules, et de la texture du matériau sur le comportement électrochimiques au sein d'électrodes positives de batteries au lithium a été étudiée.
33
Nishiaki, Yoshihiro. "Lithic technology of Neolithic Syria : a series of analyses of flaked stone assemblages from Douara Cave II, Tell Damishilyya, Tell Nebi Mend, and Tell Kashkashok II." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319659.
34
Drell, Julia R. R. "Archaic minds? : a critical examination of the character and perception of Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic lithic assemblages in Germany and their implications for Neanderthal behaviour." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50835/.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the classification of Palaeolithic lithic artefacts and their impact on our perception of Neanderthal and - to some extent - anatomically modern human behaviour. It is my contention that the classificatory systems used within European archaeology has shaped and perhaps misled our perception of this period. In this thesis a focus on materials from Germany - the Middle Palaeolithic of OIS 5 and 3, including those with leafpoints - is maintained to demonstrate the impact of the use of distinct typological systems i.e. the system devised by Bosinski and published in 1967 versus the French System Bordes. Germany is particularly relevant because of a lack of integration of its archaeological materials and their interpretation with the critical dialogue that exists within the French, British and American archaeological community. Although this is slowly changing and German archaeology is now more critical and interpretative, the lack of interpretation extant was particularly suitable for a critical analysis of the theories surrounding the late Middle Palaeolithic and Early Upper Palaeolithic, including supposed "transitional' archaeological complexes. In order to integrate the archaeology of OIS 5 and 3 with the pertinent archaeology of Europe the examination commences with a survey of the 'Mousterian debate' and the 'Human revolution' in chapters 2 and 3. However, the focus throughout is on the archaeological material and its classification; a survey of some of the materials supposed to derive form the *transitional" assemblages in France, Italy, Britain and Poland is thus supplied. In chapter 5 the assemblages from RoBdorf and Wahlen in Hesse are introduced in some detail providing a starting point for the discussion of the leafpoints of Germany in chapter 6 and other Middle Palaeolithic material in chapter 7. The relevance and focus on leafpoints in chapters 3, 4, 5 and 6 derives from the idea that they are markers of the "Human revolution' and therefore lend themselves specifically to an examination of the questions surrounding this debate in contrast to the Middle Palaeolithic variation encountered. A discussion follows in chapter 8 but conclusions are made throughout The contribution to the field of Middle Palaeolithic research and perceptions of the "Human revolution1 are several. On a basic level, this thesis provides an outline of the German Palaeolithic aggregating materials. These are often difficult to find in the UK and no modern comprehensive academic account exists in either German or English. This outline is supported by ample illustrations to facilitate that access (photos, drawings, original publications). A critique of the Bosinski system of typological classification is the focal point of the thesis. It becomes clear that the doubts expressed by Freund (1969) have indeed become true and that the system does not provide a fitting account of the archaeological record of Germany despite its persevering usage. While overall progress has been made within German archaeology no system to deal with the varied record has been developed and the question of Neanderthal behaviour, as opposed to that of modern humans, has been ignored. The critical examination of the German typological system leads to a new descriptive effort whereby five leafpoint group types replace the former Altmuhlian. This is not supposed to represent a typological but a descriptive system i.e. no culture-historical inferences are made, leading to a more detailed understanding of the archaeological record. This perspective of the archaeology, compared with the overall late Middle Palaeolithic record as well as possible 'transitional' archaeological complexes lead to the express view that more in-depth regional studies need to be conducted across Europe in order to address the question of late Neanderthal behaviour. For the moment they have to be recognised as skilful practitioners in diverse and extreme environments - a comparison with the pre-Gravettian, pre-artistic anatomically modern human is not feasible.
35
Shidrang, Sonia. "The early Upper Paleolithic of Zagros : techno-typological assessment of three Baradostian lithic assemblages from Khar Cave (Ghar-e Khar), Yafteh Cave and Pa-Sangar Rockshelter in the Central Zagros, Iran." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0073.
Анотація:
Comme pour l’Europe, la question de la transition du Paléolithique moyen (MP)au Paléolithique supérieur (UP) concernant l'Asie occidentale est toujours un débat d’actualité, notamment intense dans les domaines de l’archéologie paléolithique et de la paléoanthropologie. Ce changement, ou « transition », a constitué un tournant important pour deux volets de l'évolution humaine : biologique d’une part, culturel d’autre part. La disparition de l'homme de Néandertal et l'expansion généralisée de l'Homme anatomiquement moderne (HAM) ainsi que l'émergence de technologies coïncidant au début du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe et en Asie sud occidentale sont quelques-uns des aspects énigmatiques de cette période dite de transition relative à une tranche de temps comprise entre 45 000 et 30 000 ans. Sans doute, le Moyen-Orient ou l'Asie occidentale constituent-ils une zone clé qui a, de tout temps, concentré une recherche portant sur l'origine de la dispersion de la première large manifestation culturelle des hommes anatomiquement modernes.Ce mémoire s’attache à présenter une synthèse des industries lithiques du Paléolithiquesupérieur ancien du Zagros central (Iran), laquelle constitue une partie importante de laculture matérielle liée à la transition du Paléolithique moyen au Paléolithique supérieur,l'une des étapes cruciales de l'évolution humaine du Proche et Moyen-Orient.Ce projet de thèse a été conçu suivant un ordre chronologique visant à étudier trois assemblages disponibles, correspondant par ailleurs à trois phases du début du Paléolithique supérieur au Zagros appelé également « Baradostien ». L'étude vise à documenter les changements techno-typologiques pour les séquences concernées en même temps qu'elle définit les caractéristiques détaillées de chaque industrie. La méthode visant à reconstituer les chaînes opératoires a été le plus systématiquement possible sollicitée. Elle permet de présenter une image détaillée et réactualisée du Baradostien, ses stratégies de débitage lithique et leur place, leurs importances au travers de la diachronie régionale. Les assemblages lithiques de Ghar-e-Khar sont examinés uniquement dans le but de discuter ses caractéristiques technologiques et la tendance apparemment mélangée de ce début du Paléolithique supérieur / fin du Paléolithique moyen pour la couche intermédiaire MP-UPde ce site. L’industrie lithique de la grotte de Yafteh représentait jusqu’à présent une référence centrale et représentative du Baradostien pour le Zagros central. Les études détaillées de nouveaux assemblages issus de fouilles récentes montre une image plus complexe. Enfin, l'étude de l'assemblage lithique de Pa-Sangar permet de tester la validité de la réinterprétation du Baradostien telle que récemment déduite des travaux menés récemment à Yafteh, mais ici testée pour une série issue d’un site différentThe Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is an intensely debated topic in Paleolithicarchaeology and paleoanthropology of Western Asia. The disappearing of Neanderthals and the widespread expansion of anatomically modern humans as well as the emergence of Early Upper Paleolithic technologies in Europe and Southwest Asia are just some of the enigmatic aspects of this transitional period which occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 3.The level of our knowledge on the subject of Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitional events is not the same in all regions of Southwest Asia. This thesis presents a synthesis of the EarlyUpper Paleolithic lithic industries of Central Zagros or Baradostian as an important part of the material culture related to this crucial stages of human evolution in western part of Iran. It reviews most important parts of the EUP related data from this region and examines the lithic-based dominant hypothesis of continuity in the Zagros through a moretechnology oriented view and put together all the evidence to present a broader overview of the Early Upper Paleolithic in Zagros and its lithic industrial evolution. Incorporating new information from typo-technological and taphonomical studies of three Baradostian assemblages from Khar cave (Ghar-e Khar), Yafteh cave and Pa-Sangar rockshelter into the existing knowledge, this thesis provides us with a better reconstruction of the Baradostain sequence in the Zagros
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Baghdadi, Issam. "Prise en compte des modes de vieillissement dans la modélisation des performances de batteries lithium-ion pour l’évaluation de leur durée de vie en usage automobile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0633/document.
Анотація:
L’électrification des moyens de transport est de plus en plus importante. Sa mise en œuvre nécessite des systèmes de stockage de l’énergie plus performants, moins coûteux, et plus sûrs. Actuellement, les batteries lithium-ion équipent la majorité de ces véhicules innovants. Toutefois, ces systèmes sont complexes, onéreux, et leur performance se dégrade au cours du temps. Leur durabilité constitue donc un enjeu majeur.Son estimation est complexe car elle ne dépend pas que des kilomètres parcourues mais des conditions d’usage. Actuellement, les outils de prédiction de durée de vie des batteries sont simplificateurs ou pas compatible avec l’usage automobile.L’objet de ces travaux consiste à développer un outil de simulation capable de reproduire le comportement électrique, thermique, et de vieillissement d’un pack batteries au cours de sa vie. Cet outil doit permettre l’optimisation de la conception et l’usage des packs afin d’augmenter leur durabilités. Des campagnes d’essais ont permis de calibrer et de valider des modèles électrothermiques au niveau de la cellule puis à l’échelle de l’assemblage. De même, la mise en place et l’analyse de tests de vieillissement accélérés ont permis de développer une loi de vieillissement et de mettre en avant un optimum d’usage.Le comportement du pack a été par la suite testé dans différentes conditions d’usage par l’intermédiaire d’un simulateur de scénario. Des stratégies de conception et de recharges ont été donc proposées et vérifiées par simulationLithium batteries are key solutions as power storage systems for several applications including portable devices, aviation, space, and electrified vehicles. Their success is principally due to their high power and energy density. Therefore, several researchers are attempting to develop more powerful, cheaper, longer-lived and more secure batteries. One drawback of lithium batteries is their durability: lithium batteries’ energy and power capability decrease over time. The degradation rate is sensitive to operating conditions. A crucial step towards the large-scale introduction of electrified vehicles in the market is to reduce the cost of their energy storage devices.The aim of this study is to develop a simulation tool at the pack level able to reproduce its electro-thermal-aging behavior overtime. Thanks to an accelerated aging tests and experimental approach the models are calibrated and coupled with a usage scenario simulator at the vehicle level. The behavior of the pack is thus studied under different conditions and simulations were compared and discussed. Strategies of usage and charging were then proposed and validated by simulation
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Gennai, Jacopo [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Richter, Gerd-Christian [Gutachter] Weniger, and Andreas [Gutachter] Maier. "Back to the lithics: technological comparison of early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages from Al-Ansab/ Jordan, Româneşti-Dumbrăviţa/ Romania and Fumane/ Italy / Jacopo Gennai ; Gutachter: Jürgen Richter, Gerd-Christian Weniger, Andreas Maier." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-533849.
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Kurzybov, Petr. "Analysis of a lithic assemblage from the multi-component habitation site Gorelyi Les, Siberia." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1630.
Анотація:
The research presented in this thesis examines a lithic assemblage from the multi-component habitation site Gorelyi Les in the Belaia river valley, Cis-Baikal region, Siberia. The distinctive traits of this collection are the relatively small size of the lithic assemblage and the large proportion of debitage. The chosen methodological framework for this research concentrates on obtaining maximum information from the available materials through application of typological, technological, use-wear, and spatial analyses.
The results suggest that there were differences in the organization of the technological process of lithic tool manufacture during the Early Neolithic and Late Neolithic. During the Early Neolithic, lithic tool manufacture and use were rather intensive and diversified, while during the Late Neolithic, tool manufacture and use were limited to a narrower range of technological operations and functions.
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Beardsell, Robert J. "Mass and attribute analysis of the quartz lithic assemblage from the Grandfather Quarry (HbMd-4), near Granville Lake, Northern Manitoba." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22146.
Анотація:
Quarries are fixed locationally, whereas most seasonally abundant food resources in northern latitudes are not. Toolstone procurement must therefore be ‘factored in’ to other resource procurement strategies. As sources of useable toolstone, quarries are the logical starting point for the study of how stone tool-using societies organized their technologies in accordance with their subsistence and social needs. Yet they have often been ignored by archaeologists because of the logistical problems presented by their typically enormous and variable assemblages.
Quartz differs from more common, crypto-crystalline raw materials such as chert, flint or chalcedony. It is harder, more brittle, and has different fracture properties. It is less common archaeologically than crypto-crystalline toolstone, and archaeologists tend to either avoid quartz assemblages altogether, or to automatically and uncritically analyze them in the same manner as crypto-crystalline toolstones without considering their different properties.
The Grandfather Quarry (HbMd-4) offers an opportunity to address these problems at once. Using Lithic Technological Organization theory, a mass analysis (after Ahler 1989), modified and combined with an attribute analysis, demonstrates that this method is a useful tool for examining large, complex assemblages such as those found in quarry sites. While more time-consuming and labour-intensive than a standard mass analysis, the modified version allows for the collection of a large number of attribute data that lend robusticity to the results and provide academic rigour. This research also demonstrates that quartz assemblages can indeed be examined using the same methods as for other raw materials, provided the unique properties of quartz as a toolstone are considered. It is shown that although the overall quality of toolstone from this source is quite poor, the Grandfather Quarry was likely the only reliable source, or at least one of a very few reliable sources, of quartz toolstone in the Churchill River Basin. All useable toolstone was intensively exploited, but rare nodules of higher quality quartz were set aside for in situ reduction into cores, tools and bifaces.
Lastly, the unexpected discovery of microblade technology at the quarry opens new avenues for future research in the northern Manitoba Boreal Forest.
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Cundy, B. J. "An analysis of the Ingaladdi assemblage : a critique of the understanding of Lithic technology." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114472.
Анотація:
Despite the changes in method and theory which have
occurred in the study of prehistory over the last one
hundred and fifty years the understanding of lithic
technology has been dominated by a single perspective.
This has been based on three central assumptions: (1) the
form of an artifact reflects prior mental or cognitive
processes which supply the formal cause, (2) the clear
delineation of products as ends and (3) the neutrality of
the experience of the production process which converts
the cognitive into the material. This thesis presents a
critique of these assumptions and demonstrates the utility
of applying an alternative perspective to the problem of
understanding technological change in north-western
Australian stone assemblages. This is carried out via an
analysis of the Ingaladdi site.
The central component of the criticism of the
'traditional model’ is that it has failed to recognize
lithic technology as a form of practical knowledge or
'knowing how’. The implication of the alternative
understanding of lithic technology as 'knowing how’ is
that stone artifacts were not and should not be seen as a
series of materialized ideas or products but as a series
of experienced manufacturing processes. It is the
organizational structure of these reduction processes
which constitute lithic technology in time and space of
the archaeological record.
This approach to the understanding of prehistoric
technology, when applied to the Ingaladdi material,
reveals two previously unrecognized elements. Firstly,
the early underlying material, previously characterized as
a crude and amorphous flake and core 'industry’ is seen to
reflect a complex organization based on a two tiered
structure utilizing both local lithic materials and that
which maintains a relationship termed the 'standing
reserve’. It is suggested that the amorphous nature of
the early assemblages derives from their inability to
separate lithic reduction from wider production processes
and that it was the inherent disjunction between the
structural and situational 'logic’ which preconditioned
the later technological change.
The second major aspect of the analysis shows that,
despite their marked typological difference from the
underlying, the major component of the later assemblage,
the lancet flake, can be derived directly from the earlier
flake production process. The transformation follows a
major shift from 'on-site’ to 'off-site’ primary core
reduction - the principal organizational difference
between the early and later assemblages.
Some implications for the understanding of
technological, economic and social relations in Australian
prehistory are discussed and the thesis concludes with a
more detailed examination of the origins of the
'traditional’ and alternative models of lithic technology.
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Douglass, Matthew J. "The archaeological potential of informal lithic technologies: a case study of assemblage variability in western New South Wales, Australia." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5865.
Анотація:
This thesis addresses the research potential of informal lithic technologies through a case study of surface deposits from western New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The defining characteristic of the lithic remains of the region is a dearth of formalized patterning. As a consequence, researchers have historically equated these remains with a casual approach to lithic technology where it is often assumed that artefacts were produced on an as needed basis. This apparent simplicity is in marked contrast to the demanding environment of the region. Water and food resources are extremely limited and historic observations indicate that Aborigional populations coped with these conditions by employing strategies of land use based on short-term occupations and high mobility. It is therefore an anomaly that populations living under such conditions would be so unconcerned with the organization of their technology. An exploration of this anomaly guides the research presented in this thesis. Was the organization of Aboriginal lithic technology truly simple or instead is the perception of simplicity an artefact of previous interpretation? The goals of this thesis go beyond questioning the perception of simplicity to the larger question of how informal technologies can be used to understand past behavioural organization. To investigate these questions, this thesis makes use of an abundance of assemblage data gathered by the Western NSW Archaeological Programme. The results of this research indicate that while the vast surface record of the region may present what appears to be a largely undifferentiated record, contextualization shows that Aboriginal occupation of the region was anything but uniform. Chronologies developed through extensive radiocarbon dating demonstrate that periods of increased II aridity are correlated with decreased evidence of Aboriginal occupation, thus suggesting territorial reorganization in the face of environmental deterioration. The study of lithic technological organization and the curation concept provide a theoretical perspective with which to explore the possibility for similar dynamism in the largely informal lithic technologies of the study region. While current studies of stone artefact curation are largely based on retouched tools, the curation process may exist in the absence of retouch. A methodology based on the quantification of cortical surface area is presented as one means through which curation without retouch may be explored. This methodology is based on the principles of solid geometry and enables comparison between the quantities of cortex observed in lithic assemblages and that which should be present given the size and shape of the stone nodules from which artefacts were produced. Deviations between observed and expected values indicate the effects of artefact transport on assemblage formation. Application of the cortex methodology indicates that cortex is extensively underrepresented in the NSW assemblages, meaning artefacts were transported away from their place of production. This result is in marked contrast to the perception of Aboriginal technological expedience. Further investigation of the cortex methodology, the development of refined techniques and the completion of additional fieldwork enabled a more in-depth test of the initial result. Viewed from a variety of perspectives, further study supports the initial interpretation. Utilizing spatial patterning in assemblage cortex proportions, the data for this study are then used to investigate the scale of Aboriginal mobility. Interpretation of this patterning provides insights into the organization of land use at a landscape scale and thus demonstrates a greater appreciation of the potential for informal lithic technologies to inform on the organization of the past.
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"Landscape Variability in Tool-Use and Edge Damage Formation in South African Middle Stone Age Lithic Assemblages." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38357.
Анотація:
abstract: This study explores how early modern humans used stone tool technology to adapt to changing climates and coastlines in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa. The MSA is associated with the earliest fossil evidence for modern humans and complex cultural behaviors during a time period of dramatic climate change. Human culture allows for the creation, use, and transmission of technological knowledge that can evolve with changing environmental conditions. Understanding the interactions between technology and the environment is essential to illuminating the role of culture during the origin of our species. This study is focused on understanding ancient tool use from the study of lithic edge damage patterns at archaeological assemblages in southern Africa by using image-based quantitative methods for analyzing stone tools. An extensive experimental program using replicated stone tools provides the comparative linkages between the archaeological artifacts and the tasks for which they were used. MSA foragers structured their tool use and discard behaviors on the landscape in several ways – by using and discarding hunting tools more frequently in the field rather than in caves/rockshelters, but similarly in coastal and interior contexts. This study provides evidence that during a significant microlithic technological shift seen in southern Africa at ~75,000 years ago, new technologies were developed alongside rather than replacing existing technologies. These results are compared with aspects of the European archaeological record at this time to identify features of early human technological behavior that may be unique to the evolutionary history of our species.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016
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Law, de Lauriston P. B. MacLaren. "The effects of contact with farmers on the hunter-gatherers' lithic assemblages: use-wear analysis of stone tools from Holkrans, North West Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16831.
Анотація:
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2014.Early contact between Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers at Holkrans rock shelter (BFK 1), in the Vredefort Dome, North West Province, South Africa, and food producers occurred within the last 500 years. Evidence presented in this study suggests that a more probable time frame was sometime between the early 16th and 17th centuries AD. Holkrans chronology comprises two phases, pre-ceramic and ceramic, with three superimposed components: a lower, pre-contact/ pre-ceramic period; a middle, early contact/ ceramic period; and a terminal period. Use-wear analysis of lithics from the lower and middle components provided the medium through which changes or continuity in cultural and behavioural practices between the pre-contact/ pre-ceramic and early-contact/ ceramic periods were interpreted, with a view to shedding light on the nature and impact of contact on the shelter’s hunter-gatherers with food producers. The results of analysis, supported by additional archaeological evidence, suggest that the Holkrans hunter-gatherers experienced early contact and subsequent interaction with food producers as an ‘extended pioneer phase’. Over time, as food producers subdued land and began to permanently settle in the area, the Holkrans hunter-gatherers appear to have maintained this extended pioneer phase; that is, a primarily hunter-gatherer way of life up to the terminal occupation of the shelter, probably in the early 19th century. iii