Дисертації з теми "Liquides poreux"
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Mathiaud, Romain. "Synthèse et structuration de disulfure de germanium en présence de liquides ioniques et de tensioactifs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20088/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe controlled elaboration of nanostructured chalcogenides with high specific area or functionalized surface is an interesting challenge. Breakthrough in various domains such as catalysis, gas separation, electrochemistry, photovoltaics or optics can be achieved by the production of chalcogenide materials with functionalized surface or high specific area coupled with high polarisability.The aim of the thesis was to develop new soft chemistry routes for the synthesis of germanium disulfide at room temperature and pressure. Two sulfur precursors, i.e. hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and thioacetamide, and a germanium precursor, the tetraethoxigermanium were used for the syntheses. The syntheses were carried out either in the presence or in the absence of a template, in most case an ionic liquid (IL).Syntheses without templating agent led to amorphous or nano-organized GeS2 nanoparticles of 20 to 35 nm in diameter and interesting specific areas (320 m2.g-1 with H2S, 270 m2.g-1 with thioacetamide). Hybrid materials comprising GeS2 and LI cation with a general formula 0.2GeS2-0.8 organic cation were obtained in the presence of IL. The obtained particles of nanometric sizes and with hardly any specific area have a morphology that depends on the nature of the organic cation present during the synthesis, i .e. spheres or gypsum rosette-like particles. XPS measurements indicate the presence of Ge-S- bonds in the hybrid material. The use of lithium de bis(trifluorométhanesulfonyl)imide led to the elaboration of a GeS2-Li material which conductivity of ~10-10 S.cm-1 is that of an ionic salt.A first iono-chalcogel which could lead after optimization to a porous chalcogenide has been elaborated when using the IL as both the solvent and the templating agent and in the absence of any other solvent. The use of hexadecilamine (HDA) above its critical micellar concentration, led to hybrid nanoparticles of 15 nm in size with interesting specific area (130 m2.g-1) but also intra-granular porosity.In conclusion, this exploratory work led to the elaboration of GeS2 either as naoparticles with high specific area or particles with intragranular porosity or finally hybrid materials with GeS2 interacting with an organic cation, the final product depending upon the chosen soft chemistry route.Keywords: chalcogenide, ionic liquid, organic-inorganic hybrid, morphology, soft chemistry
Bahloul, Mostefa. "Modélisation de l'évolution de phases liquides hétérogènes." Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3001.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Ghozi-Bouvrande Justine. "Les liquides poreux : un nouveau concept pour la séparation chimique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/ENSCM_2022_BENGHOZI-BOUVRANDE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOrganic volatile compounds are an important environmental stake. As liquid-liquid extraction is using huge quantities of organic solvents, finding an alternative process is the focus of many scientific research. Silica based porous liquids are made up with ionic functions grafted on silica nanoparticles. Thanks to their substantial versatility and low volatility, this type of porous liquid is considered in this thesis as a promising candidate to substitute organic phases of liquid-liquid extraction. After a state of the art describing the different types of porous liquids, this thesis describes the synthesis of the selected type I porous liquid and its complete characterization. Effect of several synthesis parameters on structure and porosity was also studied. In order to evaluate the possibility to use such porous liquid to extract metals, their permeability to gas and liquids was studied with small angles neutrons scattering. Thanks to an original in situ experiment coupling neutron scattering and contrast matching gas sorption, it was shown that porosity is not fully accessible to gas when the solid nanospheres are grafted to become liquid. However, a contrast matching study showed that both solid nanospheres and porous liquids are permeable to aqueous solutions. Preliminary extraction tests showed that thanks to this permeability, these materials are able to extract cations such as lead, lanthanum or uranium with interesting proportions. Different extraction mechanisms as sorption, precipitation or chelation on functional groups were obtained. This work shows that extraction of metal species by porous liquid is possible and opens many perspectives for optimization
Saugey, Anthony Jézéquel Louis. "Etudes des systèmes matériaux nanoporeux Liquides non mouillants /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/asaugey.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSaugey, Anthony. "Etudes des systèmes matériaux nanoporeux : Liquides non mouillants." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/asaugey.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNanoporous materials-non wetting liquid assemblies offer new opportunities to develop damping devices for the mechanical industry. Experimental characterizations and theoretical modelisation of thermodynamic equilibrium and nucleation phenomena gives the intrusion and extrusion pressure laws depending on the thermodynamical parameters. Experiments at medium and high speed were performed to validate materials behaviors for the applications. They show typical phenomena of the dynamics of flow and nucleation in the pores. The use of such assemblies in the development of vibration and shock damping devices has been studied as part of two research projects for the space and automotive industries
Ferdeghini, Filippo. "Liquides ioniques sous confinement nanométrique unidimensionnel." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066440/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe idea behind this project is to exploit the 1D nanometric confinement in order to increase the electrolytes ionic conductivity and, thus, the power of the lithium accumulators. We have focus on a specific class of electrolytes, which, owing to their physical and electrochemical stabilities, have been identified as very promising: the Ionic Liquids (ILs). We have confined the ILs in porous systems having a common topology (cylindrical pores macroscopically oriented), but with complementary physico-chemical properties: i) the porous alumina (AAO, hydrophilic interface, pores diameter between 25 and 160 nm) and ii) Carbon NanoTubes based membranes (CNT, hydrophobic interface, pores diameter of 4 nm).We have developed an original microscopic multiscale model, taking into account the complex dynamics of ILs cations: combination of i) fast reorientation dynamics of side alkyl-chains, ii) molecule diffusion within nanometric aggregates spontaneously formed in the ILs and iii) diffusion between the aggregates. This model reproduces in a very robust way the quasi-elastic neutrons scattering data on an extent interval of wave vector (0.1 à 2.5 Å-1) and time (10-1 à 2.103 ps). At this local scale, we do not observe any influence due to the confinement on the dynamics of the ILs confined in the AAO and CNTs. We show however that at microscopic (PFG-NMR) and macroscopic (impedance spectroscopy) scale the ILs confinement within the NTCs allows to obtain a conductivity gain of factor 3. A patent is filed
Lefèvre, Benoît. "Etude physico-chimique des mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie dans des systèmes solides poreux / liquides non-mouillants." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0054.
Повний текст джерелаThis work presents a physicochemical analysis of the mechanisms of energy dissipation during the forced intrusion of water in hydrophobic porous solids (for applications in damping). A bread panel of supports has been scanned in order to identify the influence of (1) textural parameters (pore size distribution, connectivity) and (2) chemical parameters (hydrophobicity nature). Model materials (MCM-41) allowed to understand intrusion and extrusion mechanisms, without any network effect. This point had not been clearly demonstrated before (Hg porosimetry). Vapour nucleation is believed to govern extrusion in some particular cases. Therefore, "intrinsic" hysteresis was defined. In disordered materials (silica gels, polymeric resins. . . ) porous texture generates additional dissipation ("geometrical" hysteresis ). A model is proposed in order to estimate the weight of each contribution to the whole energy dissipation
Pizzoccaro, Marie-Alix. "Confinement et greffage de liquides ioniques dans des membranes céramiques mésoporeuses pour le transport sélectif du CO2." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS007/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn competition with amines, ionic liquids (ILs) are known to interact strongly and reversibly with acid gases, making supported IL-membrane (SILMs) versatile materials for use in CO2 membrane separation applications. It is possible to finely tune SILMs properties for CO2 adsorption/separation by tailoring the characteristics of both the support (e.g., porosity, surface area, composition, etc.) and the ionic liquid (cations and anions). Up to now, nanoporous polymer supports have been favored for preparing SILMs, in spite of their relative instability during continuous separation processes in the presence of acidic gases. Recently, porous ceramic supports have been considered due to their excellent thermal and mechanical resistance. Most of the SILMs are prepared by impregnation/infiltration of IL in the pores of ceramic support which leads to the formation of composite membrane materials with either a physisorbed or mechanically trapped IL in the support. Despite their promising performance, such SILMs exhibit inherent limitations such as facile IL disarrangement, heterogeneous distribution, and limited stability upon ageing.In this Ph.D work, carried out in collaboration between the Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM) and the Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), a new generation of SILMs has been developed in which ILs are confined within the pores of a mesoporous ceramic support by chemical grafting. The membranes are prepared in three steps:i) Synthesis and characterization of new ILs bearing a coupling function which allow the grafting on the surface of ceramic oxide supports and determination of the CO2 absorption capacity of the new ILs developed;ii) Elaboration and/or optimization of relevant synthesis protocols for grafting ILs on/in γ-alumina powders and physico-chemical characterizations of the hybrid materials;iii) Transfer of the optimized grafting protocols on commercial porous ceramic support with γ-alumina top-layer to produce Grafted Ionic Liquid Membranes (GILMs) and evaluate their performance for CO2 separation.An original research strategy, based on new ionic liquids and innovative membrane concepts have been addressed in this work, illustrating the contribution of a multi-step approach towards the development of membranes for CO2 separation
Santos, Eduardo Pena dos. "Fibres et céramiques mésoporeuses de zircone préparées avec templates de cristaux liquides gonflés." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20010.
Повний текст джерелаGuillemot, Ludivine. "Systèmes hétérogènes lyophobes : Influence de la température et de la vitesse sur les cycles d’intrusion/extrusion forcées de liquides non-mouillants dans des matériaux mésoporeux." Phd thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0126/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA lyophobic heterogeneous system consists in a mesoporous material and a non-wetting liquid. The liquid can not enter the pores at atmospheric pressure, but by increasing the pressure, it becomes possible to force the liquid to penetrate, then by reducing the pressure, to go out of the pores of the material. Then, a pressure hysteresis is measured, significant of an energy dissipation that can be used for very specific damping applications for space industry. This study tries to understand the physical phenomena that regulate the process of intrusion and extrusion of the liquid in the pores of nanometer size, and to characterize the effects of velocity and temperature on the hysteresis loops. An original test device was designed to perform cycles of intrusion / extrusion at different temperatures (20 - 80 ° C) and speeds (0. 5 - 1000cm/min). Several liquids such as water, salt water and Galinstan (liquid metal alloy at room temperature) and materials of different mesoporous structure of were tested. Macroscopic thermodynamic theories (theory of capillarity and model of nucleation) have been used to explain the experimental measurements. The agreement experiment / theory is very good and has led to show the necessity of taking into account the line tension in the energy of nucleation. A value of this line tension has been determined experimentally. Thus, it is now possible to predict the behavior of these damping systems
Grine, Lotfi. "Prédiction des fuites gazeuses et des fuites liquides dans les joints d’étanchéité micro et nano-poreux." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1125/1/GRINE_Lotfi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGuégan, Régis. "Étude des propriétés d'un cristal liquide (8CB) confiné dans des nanopores unidirectionnels." Rennes 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264429.
Повний текст джерелаBrun, Nicolas. "Chimie intégrative pour la conception de matériaux poreux fonctionnels avancés et applications." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593936.
Повний текст джерелаSghaier-Ben, Chiekh Nour. "Évaporation en milieu poreux en présence de sel dissous : influence des films liquides et des conditions de mouillabilité." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7501/1/sghaier.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSghaier-Ben, Chiekh Nour Prat Marc Ben Nasrallah Sassi. "Évaporation en milieu poreux en présence de sel dissous influence des films liquides et des conditions de mouillabilité /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000357.
Повний текст джерелаThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 60 réf.
Sescousse, Romain. "Nouveaux matériaux cellulosiques ultra-poreux et leurs carbones à partir de solvants verts." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00618528.
Повний текст джерелаHakkou, Saloua. "Etude de la migration des liquides dans le bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10059/document.
Повний текст джерелаWithin the framework of the restoration-conservation of ancient woods that belong to the historical and cultural heritage, one has to gain technical and scientific knowledge. This will allow to respect the integrity of the work and to ensure the reversibility of the interventions. While applying a preservative treatment or a wood strengthening product, it is for instance essential to know both the depth of penetration and the liquid migration path in order to control the effects of the operation.The work that is presented here is based upon the impregnation and flow in heterogeneous porous media of samples of various wood species according to the three reference sections (longitudinal-radial, longitudinal-tangential and transverse). To do so, colored liquids are used. This study is realized with original injection and exploration devices that have been developed in the laboratory.Studies were carried out to determine the effect of tyloses on the longitudinal permeability of three ring porous species. Air permeability in the axial direction was measured on cylindrical samples taken at various distances from the bark. The fine structure of any tyloses present was examined by Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscopy (ESEM)
Camassel, Bruno. "Contribution à l'étude du changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieu poreux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30157.
Повний текст джерелаChen, Chen. "Evaporation au sein de systèmes microfluidiques : des structures capillaires à gradient d'ouverture aux spirales phyllotaxiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаCapillarity is a common phenomenon encountered in Nature. In the context of the drying of porous media with pore size in the micrometer-millimeter size range, capillary effects play a dominant role in controlling the phases (liquid or vapor) distribution in the pore space as drying occurs. The basic idea of the present work is to study the drying of pure, wetting fluids in micro-fabricated, quasi-2D, model porous media (hereafter called micromodels). We present results obtained for different micromodel geometries. Typically, the micromodels used consist of arrangements of cylinders sandwiched between a top and bottom plate. Phases distribution and evaporation rates in such micromodels can easily be measured by direct visualizations and subsequent image processing.By tuning the cylinders pattern, one can first obtain micromodels for which the drying rate is almost constant, from the beginning of the drying experiment to the total evaporation of the liquid initially filling the system. Typically, this situation is obtained when the pores size decreases from the micromodel center to the periphery (the micromodels are axisymmetric). On the contrary, when the pores size increases from the center to the periphery, invasion of a stable drying front is observed, resulting in a much longer total drying time.We also designed another type of micromodel where the cylinders are arranged in a Fibonacci spiral pattern, a design inspired by phyllotaxic structure. In such systems, thick liquid films develop along the spirals during drying and play a key role in the drying kinetics. This situation is reminiscent of that already studied by Chauvet in capillary tubes with square cross-sections. However, it is more complex because of the porous nature of the micromodel (whereas a single capillary tube, as studied by Chauvet, can be viewed as a unique pore), and because of the much more complex liquid films shapes. For such systems, we present some experimental results on the liquid films effects on the drying kinetics, together with theoretical prediction, based on a visco-capillary drying model. Such a modelling requires the use of the Surface Evolver software to model the film shape, coupled with DNS simulations of the Stokes flow within the liquid films to compute the viscous resistance to the evaporation-induced flow.Finally, as a last part of this thesis, several evaporation experiments performed on deformable micromodels are presented. This preliminary work aims at reaching a situation where elasto-capillary effects modify the pore space geometry during evaporation. This, as seen above, should in turn alter the phase distribution during evaporation and the drying kinetics
Clousier, Nathalie. "Apport des alginates aux phases liquide ionique supportées : applications en catalyse organométallique." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2052.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the application of two marine polysaccharides, chitosan and alginates, as support in supported ionic liquid phases chemistry. Biopolymer beads with various porosities and functionalities were prepared from chitosan and alginate and characterized by analysis of their texture, their specific surface area, their porous volume and their ability to adsorb the ionic liquid. Ionic liquid containing the dissolved catalyst was immobilized on the biopolymer beads by simple physisorption. Catalytic materials based on chitosan or alginates and named BioSILP were applied to two well known catalytic reactions: the palladium catalyzed allylic substitution and the ruthenium catalyzed metathesis reaction. Activity and stability of these catalytic materials were then evaluated. Catalytic materials proved to be compatible with these catalytic reactions and by changing various parameters in the preparation of BioSILP materials and studying their catalytic performance, the main criteria affecting the catalytic activity and recyclability of the material were highlighted
Mhanna, Ramona. "Confinement-induced nano-segregationof binary liquids with amphiphilic interactions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S107/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is tuning the formation of ordered supramolecular structures of an H-bonded liquid alcohol, either by dispersion in an aprotic solvent or by confinement in mesoporous silicates (MCM-41 and SBA-15). In the bulk, a strong perturbation from ideal mixing depicted in terms of clustering between similar species is observed by small angle neutron scattering. Under confinement, a remarkable nanosegregation phenomenon of the mixture is observed in the pores, leading to concentric tubular structures of core-shell type, which are striking for macroscopically homogeneous and fully miscible binary systems. The molecular dynamics of these original glassforming nanostructures is studied by quasielastic neutron scattering in the liquid and vitreous states, revealing different types of relaxation modes under confinement with nontrivial concentration dependencies. Isotopic HD labelling of the mixtures components provides a unique comprehensive viewpoint on the properties of these confined binary liquids, establishing a direct correlation between spatially segregated dynamical heterogeneities and the formation of original core shell nanostructures induced by preferential interactions
Jouannin, Claire. "Apport des polysaccharides marins pour la catalyse en phase liquide ionique supportée." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2035.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the contribution of marine polysaccharides to the supported ionic liquid catalysis. Alginates and chitosan are the two polysaccharides used to prepare supports with different porosity and functionality. The immobilization of the ionic liquid phase onto the biopolymer supports was performed by two ways: by adsorption and by confinement. Biopolymer supported ionic liquid catalysts (biopolymer-SILCs) were prepared in the form of beads, cylindrical scaffolds and discs, for applications in batch systems as well as in continuous flow. The textural properties, the stability, the ionic liquid and catalyst loadings of the biopolymer-SILCs were determined and the catalytic species identified. The performance and limitations of the biopolymer-SILCs were then evaluated in two model pallado-catalyzed reactions: the allylic substitution of Tsuji-Trost and the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds, this last reaction being performed in aqueous medium. These studies highlight the influence of processing parameters of biopolymer-SILCs on their structure and on their catalytic activity
Matta, Sandrine. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans une multicouche composée de couches viscoélastiques liquides, solides et poreuses." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0035/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a general formalism to model the acoustic wave propagation in a multilayer consisting of any combination of fluid, isotropic elastic solid, and isotropic poroelastic layers, the method having the flexibility to be extended to include other layer-natures. At a first stage, a stable algorithm is developed, based on the recursive stiffness matrix approach, to model the propagation of a plane wave incident on the multilayer as a function of its incidence angle and frequency. This algorithm merges recursively the structureindividual layers stiffness matrices into one total stiffness matrix and allows then the calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients, as well as the displacement and stress components inside the multilayer for every incident plane wave direction. Secondly, to model the propagation of a bounded incident wave beam, the angular spectrum technique is used which is based on the decomposition of this beam into a spectrum of plane waves traveling in different directions. The corresponding reflected wave beam in the incidence medium, and the transmitted wave beam in the transmission medium, as well as the fields distributions (displacement and stress components) inside the multilayer are obtained by summing the contribution of all the plane waves traveling in different directions. As a numerical application, a three-layered solid-porous-solid structure immersed in water is simulated. The resulting reflection and transmission as well as the displacement and stress components in the multilayer corresponding to both, the incident plane wave in different directions and the incident bounded beam reveal the stability of the method and the continuity of the displacements and stresses at the interfaces
Gérard, Valentin. "Technique d'intrusiométrie rapide pour l'étude du mouillage dynamique et du transport de soluté dans des pores hydrophobes nanométriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY040.
Повний текст джерелаTens of megapascals of hydrostatic pressure are requiered in order to force the intrusion of a liquid into a non-wetting nanoporous matrix. When the reversibility of this forced imbibition exists, the pair porous matrix/liquid is called a lyophobic heterogeneous system. Those systems may be used to convert mechanical energy into interfacial one with power densities attractive compared to other conversion devices. The fundamental description of LHS in the dynamical regime is thus of prime interest considering applications. A dynamical intrusiometer as been upgraded in order to study the filling and drying of the nanoporous matrices over three orders of magnitude in time and over the temperature range -5° to 70° up to 100MPa. Two porous matrices have been studied. The first one is a periodic mesoporous organosilica which has been synthetised and grafted so as to render it non-wetting. The microscopic order of the porous surface is related thanks to a pinning/depinning model for the contact line motion during the intrusion, while the nucleation of a vapor bubble is shown to be still relevant to describe the extrusion. A more thorough investigation for dissipative phenomena is conducted in the sub-nanometer porous matrix ZIF-8. Solute transport in this material is also presented. To this end, a new device has been designed to allow the renewal of the liquid while keeping the powder. Cyclic measures could then broaden the understanding of the influence of the solute on the matrix. The main conclusions being a slow diffusion of ions in the grains and a crystallisation of the solute when drying occurs
Darwich, Walid. "Dépôt de couches minces métalliques à partir de nanoparticules en suspension dans des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10333.
Повний текст джерелаAmong nano-objects, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) certainly have a prominent position. This is because they offer a variety of compositions, sizes, shapes and structures that make them suitable for a variety of applications. In the same time, the accurate control of their size, shape and structure is still a challenge, mainly because NPs do not correspond to the thermodynamic stable state of metals. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to stabilize metallic NPs without the need of ligands required in conventional solvents. ILs are liquid molten salt at room temperature. These compounds uniquely combine properties of the liquid (they are good solvents, electrolytes…) and of the solid (they do not evaporate). In the process of decomposing organometallic precursors into metallic NPs, ILs play a central role in controlling the size and ensuring narrow size distribution. However, the corresponding mechanism remains unclear. This PhD work aims at identifying key factors influencing the final size (average and distribution) of metallic NPs chemically formed in ILs. Among nanoporous materials, porous silicon (PSi) is popular due to its exceptional characteristics for microelectronics, integrated optoelectronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), layer transfer technology, solar and fuel cells, biomedicine, etc. Its properties are modified by introducing different materials into its pores. Unique properties of ILs may also be advantageous. In this work, the process used to synthesize metallic NPs is adapted into an easy, efficient, versatile, and safe process to metallise PSi. The metallisation of PSi by Cu is tentatively conducted by impregnation with a solution of CuMes in IL followed by the decomposition of the precursor. In fact, CuMes is shown to be readily decomposed by PSi. Finally, this knowledge is transposed back to the synthesis of metallic NPs, replacing H2 by chemical analogues of PSi as alternative reducing agents. This approach is believed to bring even more control in this process
Albergamo, Francesco. "Etude par diffusion de neutrons des proprietes dynamiques de l'helium liquide confine dans des milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006127.
Повний текст джерелаVashchuk, Alina. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés de polycyanurates réticulés et de matériaux nanoporeux générés en utilisant des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0046/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis addresses new designs of cyanate ester resin (CER) films in the presence of ionic liquids as multifunctional agents: catalysts, reactive modifiers, fillers or porogens. It should be emphasized that ionic liquids (ILs) of varying structures and concentrations significantly accelerate the polycyclotrimerization of dicyanate ester of bisphenol E, in the absence of any additional organic solvent or additive. The resulting polycyanurate networks doped with aprotic ionic liquids can be promising materials for producing photosensitive structures. Such nanocomposite systems allow for easier separation, recovery, and recycling of ILs by mere extraction, which eventually affords thermally stable nanoporous films. The porosity features of these materials depend on the concentration of ILs in the CER precursors.Protic ILs containing functional >NH and -OH groups, regardless of molar mass, chemical structure of cation and anion, chemically incorporate into the polycyanurate network, thus the resulting hybrid materials with fragments of ionic liquids could provide excellent candidates for future research in ionomers and nanocomposites
Grishechko, Liudmila. "Études des procédés de conversion de la lignine de bois en hydrocarbures liquides et en aérogels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0248/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis describes the development of processes which can be used for valorizing wood extracts in the aim of preparing: (1) liquid (hydrocarbon) fuels; (2) porous materials with potential energy and environmental applications, namely thermal insulation, catalysis, abatement or separation of micropollutants. The wood extracts in question are lignins, associated or not with tannins. Both kinds of materials are presently poorly valorized, and it is shown here that they can lead to high added-value products through the processes reported in this PhD dissertation
Assaker, Carine. "Synthèse et caractérisation de titanates mésoporeux organisés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0094/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work we will study in detail the properties of the mesoporous TiO2 materials, for which the preparation was developed previously via a method combining Liquid Crystal Templating (LCT) and EISA mechanisms, using P123 as template. We have tested, in the first time, extraction and thermal methods efficiency to eliminate surfactant in order to optimize the P123 elimination step. Removal of P123 using water followed by washing with acetone is effective, easy and promotes the formation of the anatase phase of TiO2. Otherwise, the photocatalytic properties of the obtained TiO2 are not important and can be improved after calcination. Combining extraction using water and calcination give rise to mesoporous TiO2 with better photocatalytic activity than that of commercial anatase. The incorporation of zinc and tungsten in the mesoporous well-ordered TiO2 has been investigated in the third time, in order to improve their photocatalytic activity. The introduction of small amounts of zinc (<10 mol%) increases the surface area; beyond this amount the mesostructure is lost. The incorporation of tungsten in the mesoporous TiO2 does not affect the mesopores organization, and orthorhombic WO3 aggregates are formed beside the mesoporous network of anatase TiO2. Although, the presence of zinc or tungsten oxides in the matrix decreases the bandgap of mesoporous TiO2, the photocatalytic activity is not improved. In the third time, the synthesis of bimodal porosity materials, using a mixed surfactant systems hydrogenated/fluorinated, CTABr/RF8(EO)9 and P123/RF8(EO)9, was explored. Based on the phase diagrams of these two systems in water, micellar solutions and liquid crystals have been investigated to prepare mesoporous silicas using two mechanisms CTM and LCT. When CTABr is present, pores of one size in the mesoporous range are observed, however, it is possible that bimodal type micro-mesopores exist. The use of the hexagonal liquid crystal phase of P123/RF8(EO)9 provides two separate pore sizes materials in the mesoporous range
Hdach, Haddou. "Interaction liquide - solide dans les gels de silice : effet de la température." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20229.
Повний текст джерелаClauzier, Stéphanie. "Etude de la solubilité de l’hydrogène dans des liquides confinés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10285/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe adsorption of gases in micro/mesoporous materials and solubility of gases inliquids are physical phenomena well known. On the other hand, solubility of gases in liquidsconfined inside a solid (hybrid system) has not been entensively studied, despite the importantapplications such systems can have in the areas of oil extraction, cement and triphasiccatalytic reactors. We have shown experimentally that the solubility of CO2 and H2 increaseswhen the size of the pores of the solid is in the nanometer range. One of the objectives of thisthesis was to optimize the couple a solid and a solvent into a hybrid system and the conditionsin which to increase the H2 storage capacity. In an aerogel/ethanol hydrid system at 50 barand 0 ° C, the solubility of H2 is 8.5 times greater than the solubility measured in the singleliquid, representing a mass of 6.2 g of hydrogen stored per kg of solid. The second objectivewas to understand this apparent phenomenon of oversolubility and the key parameters in thehybrid systems. By comparing different porous solids (zeolites, MOFs, MCM-41 and silica),we have shown the major role of the properties of interfaces. The phenomena of solubilsationwas modelled by GCMC and experimentally validated. It appears that the mechanism ofoversolubilisation comes from structuring the solvent molecules in interactions with the wallsof the mesopore layered
Fehr, Carlos. "Etude des propriétés structurales des phases mésomorphes et cristallines de composés de type 4-n-alky-4'-cyanobiphényl confinés dans des milieux poreux à structure désordonnée." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20141.
Повний текст джерелаMahdhaoui, Hamza. "Etude numérique des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans un canal contenant un matériau poreux de section carrée." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0037/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe characteristics of mass and heat transfers by forced convection during liquid film evaporation in the channel with a built in porous square cylinder in a cross flow are investigated numerically. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of introducing a porous square cylinder on the heat and mass transfer. Specifically, this study examines the influence of parameters such as the relative humidity of the ambient air, the air inlet temperature, the imposed heat flux, the variation of the cylinder position, blockage ratio and Reynolds number on the performance of the evaporation at the channel wall. A comparison between the two configurations, with and without, porous square cylinder has been performed to highlight the effect of its addition. To achieve this, we solved the classic equation of forced convection and the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model in the porous media. We find that the insertion of a porous square cylinder in the channel could make the flow more disturbed and significantly improve mass and heat transfer rates at the channel walls. The heat and mass transfer enhancements is greater with a decrease of the Darcy number and for γ=1 when the porous obstacle is placed in the middle of the channel. It is also greater with a decrease of the temperature and relative humidity of the air at the inlet. At Da = 10-6, the flow does not penetrate through the porous cylinder, the flow pattern is similar to that of a solid square cylinder. Finally, we propose correlations that allow us to define the Sherwood and Nusselt numbers based on the Reynolds, Biot numbers and the blockage ratio
Zimny, Kévin. "Cristaux liquides, empreinte pour la préparation de matériaux mésoporeux organisés : application à la synthèse d'oxyde de titane nanocristallin." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10111/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the preparation of mesoporous materials from fluorinated liquid crystals via the LCT mechanism. Synthesis parameters have been optimized for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica with the hexagonal H1 phase of water/C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH system. Results show a correlation between pore diameters of materials and hydrophobic diameters measured in liquid crystals. According to the coprecipitation method, incorporation of TiO2 in a silica matrix, synthesized using micelles (via the cooperative templating mechanism CTM) or the hexagonal phase of C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH/water system (via liquid crystal templating mechanism LCT). Both pathways lead to a loss of mesopore ordering and a decrease of the specific surface area when titania content increases. If materials are prepared via CTM mechanism TiO2 is present on the surface whereas TiO2 is in the bulk when LCT mechanism is used. Mesoporous thin films have been prepared via EISA method. Grazing incidence small angle X-Ray scattering and reflectivity analysis have been used to define the structure of films and the thickness of the different layers. Finally an original method has been developed for the preparation of ordered titania mesoporous materials. Precipitation of titania in the hybrid mesophase is activated by a NH3 treatment. The structure is preserved after calcination step which allow the formation of TiO2 anatase. Photocatalytic activity of these materials has been tested on the photodegradation of methylorange
Nemati, Navid. "Macroscopic theory of sound propagation in rigid-framed porous materials allowing for spatial dispersion : principle and validation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976907.
Повний текст джерелаBoulanger, Marine. "Le devenir des liquides au sein de la croûte océanique des dorsales à expansion lente : nouveaux apports de l'étude d'Atlantis Bank (dorsale Sud-Ouest Indienne)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0030.
Повний текст джерелаMagmatic processes that govern crustal accretion at mid-ocean ridges still need to be better constrained. Among the processes potentially involved in the evolution of the lower crust magma reservoirs, reactions associated with reactive porous flow through crystal mushes tend to be considered as one of the predominant processes together with simple crystallization of magmas. The share of these processes during magma differentiation is dependent on the modes of melt migration and is thus correlated to the geometry of the reservoirs considered. By combining high-resolution structural, petrographic and geochemical studies of in situ sections drilled in an oceanic core complex of the Southwest Indian Ridge, I was able to bring new constraints on the formation and evolution of magmatic reservoirs involved in crustal accretion. All or part of the igneous reservoir model developed herein can be applied to other sections of lower oceanic crust. This model, together with additional constraints obtained by the coupled experimental petrology study of crystallization processes, paves the way for new quantifications of the involvement of melt-rock reactions in the differentiation of gabbroic lithologies, and more generally in the evolution of melts within the oceanic crust. Those developments are consistent with the constant evolution in recent decades of the understanding of crustal magmatic systems, which shifted from melt-filled magma chambers to igneous reservoir models mostly composed of crystal mushes
Oladyshkin, Sergey. "Découplage de la thermodynamique et hydrodynamique et solutions asymptotiques des problèmes d'écoulement compositionnel gaz-liquide en milieux poreux." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL059N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work deals with the problem of the compositional gas-liquid flow for the well representation in reservoir simulations. The objective is to develop analytical relationships which would be able to link the wellbore pressure, saturation and component concentrations to their mean values within each zone of the well influence. It is shown that N-2 equations describing the transport of phase concentrations can be transformed into the space- and time-independent ordinary differential equations (differentiation with respect to pressure) when examined along flow streamlines. These transformed equations represent additional thermodynamic relations reducing the thermodynamic degree of freedom. Due to this the thermodynamic variance of the limit compositional model is shown to be equal to 1 for any number of chemical components. This transformation ensure a total splitting of the limit compositional model into the new thermodynamic model and a hydrodynamic model, which may be resoved inedpendently of one another. The split thermodynamic model is totally independent on the hydrodynamic one, and describes the equilibrium behaviour of an open gas-liquid system. This model contains the classic equilibrium equations and EOS, as well as N-2 new differential equations called the "delta-law" which determine the composition variation in an open system, in which the mass of each component is not conserved. The split hydrodynamic model consists of two equations for pressure and saturation. The split hydrodynamic model was used to develop asymptotic solutions of gas-condensate flow problems. The problem was shown to be singularly perturbed with formation of a boundary layer in the vicinity of the well. In this layer the basic contrast property of gas and liquid mobilities is perturbed. A special technique is developed which enables to construct asymptotic expansions in the form of two various series, one of them is valid far from the well (the exterior expansion), while the second one in valid in the vicinity of the well (the boundary-layer or interior expansion). By applying the suggested asymptotic method, we have developed the asymptotic solutions for the problem of multi-component gas-condensate flow to a well in a bounded domain at a variable flow rate. In several cases the solution may be obtained in the analytical form, while in general case of flow the method leads to a semi-analytical solution presented as an initial problem for a differential equation. This solution, even being presented in non-analytical form, is much simpler than the original compositional model, as the equation for saturation does not depend on the local pressure, but on the boundary pressure only. In the last chapter we extended this approach to the case when the capillary pressure is not neglected. We assumed however that the capillary forces are lower than the pressure difference between the wellbore and reservoir boundary, due to which we applied the perturbation method over the small inverse capillary number. The improved asymptotic solutions are obtained which take into account the capillary effect. Numerical simulations shown that these effects are maximal in the vicinity of the well. For the practice, the obtained asymptotic solutions may be used in the following way to resolve the problem of gas-condensate well representation. The case of a long-term exploitation of the reservoir}. First of all, the traditional simulation of the reservoir behaviour can be performed with ECLIPSE by adding the Peaceman method of well representation, which is an analytical relation for the wellbore pressure via the production rate. This relation includes a condensate saturation which can be evaluated as a mean reservoir saturation. Such a simulation provides a good result for the wellbore pressure (or the production rate), and a good result for the boundary saturation, but poor data for the wellbore saturation. This value can be calculated next by using the asymptotic solutions suggested in the presented project. The case of a short-term well production (a well test). It is sufficient to simulate the reservoir behaviour in the domain of the well influence, by assuming that the boundary state remains invariable (and known a priori). In this case the asymptotic solutions suggested in the presnet work can be directly used to simulate the problem (without using ECLIPSE)
Ratieuville, Vincent. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes thermostables pour application piles à combustible." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES056.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present work was to develop thermally stable proton-conducting membranes for cell application. Indeed, performances of the Nafion® membrane, reference for PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell), are limited due to a conductivity loss above 90°C caused by dehydration effect. To solve this problem and to overcome the hydration dependence of membranes, two approaches have been investigated. The first one was to elaborate membranes based on polyimide (Matrimid®) and protic ionic liquid (IL) as either supporrted ionic liquid membrane (SILM) or as a composite membrane by simple blending. SILM presents the best properties (mechanical strength, ion conductivity, etc. ) but an IL leakage was observed with temperature increasing. The second approach involved the development of ionomer membranes based on synthetised conductive polymers, namely polyazole (POD). In order to improve the mechanical stability and the ionic conductivity of POD, different membranes were elaborated by its association with Matrimid® and IL (BIM-DBP) or with a sulfonic co-monomer (SBA). Encouraging results were obtained during conductivity measurements. In this work , a correlation between the structure of the studied membranes and their ionic conductivity, permeation, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties, as well as pressure stability was established
Porhel, Sabine. "Extraction liquide-liquide sur matériaux poreux. Mise en oeuvre et recherche de paramètres influents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4709.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is falls within the framework of uranium mining. The step more specifically aimed is the solvent extraction during which the uranium is transferred from a lixiviation aqueous solution to an organic phase by a complexation with a tertiary amine (Alamine 336®). The study focuses on this step of separation using a liquid-liquid contact without dispersal guaranteed by an organic macroporous membrane (pertraction). This technology allows the use of phases with close densities. So, uranium and molybdenum extraction, co-extracted industrially by Alamine 336, were studied for various high extractantes molecules concentrations. For that purpose, all the influential physical chemical parameters of the chemical system (distribution curve, viscosity, density, surface tension, infinite diffusion coefficient, etc.) and of the membrane (porosity, size, tortuosity, etc.) are characterized. Pertraction essays on a single hollow fibre, developed within the framework of this study, are performed and the results are modelized by an approach of mass transfer resistances in series. A single adjustable parameter is retained: the diffusion coefficient in organic phase. This modelling allows highlighting the limitations of uranium transfer from the aqueous phase towards the organic phase during the extraction process through the membrane function of chemical system, the flows and the membrane
Serres, Marion. "Étude hydrodynamique d'un écoulement gaz-liquide dans un milieu poreux confiné." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on gas-liquid flow in porous media, a common problem encountered in various domains from fundamental physics to applied chemical engineering. We have characterized the hydrodynamic regimes based on two different experimental devices geometry: a millichannel (1D flow) and a Hele-Shaw cell (2D flow). The originality of this work is to analyze the influence of the porous medium (monodisperse micro-packed beds or open cell solid foams), confinement (1D/2D) and gravity by coupling global and local analysis from either chemical engineering or fundamental physics community. On the one hand, a global analysis made it possible to quantify pressure drops, residence time distributions (RTD) based on fluorescent dye transport and gas-liquid mass transfer on the 1D device. On the other hand, a local analysis of the liquid fraction and the spatio-temporal evolution of its frequency pointed out the existence of two hydrodynamic regimes: a Taylor-like regime in which the characteristics of the periodic flow upstream are conserved in the porous medium and a modulated regime characterized by the flow disorganization at the porous medium entrance. A phenomenological model is developed based on bubbles propagation inside the medium and reproduces well both regimes. These two analyses are finally coupled to study multiphase flows inside the Hele-Shaw cell. The effects of gravity and confinement are discussed
Chantoiseau, Étienne. "Identification des mécanismes mis en jeu lors de la déshydratation assistée thermiquement par suivi de la pression de pores." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT041G/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the scope of thermally assisted mechanical dewatering process, this work focuses on the identification of physical mechanisms involved in the thermally assisted mechanical dewatering. Operating conditions ensure that the water is expelled in liquid phase. An experimental study on talc and cellulose saturated suspensions highlights the gains in terms of final dry solid contend involved by the thermal intensification. The filtrationcompression test cell is instrumented with pore liquid sensors along the cake thickness that allows to measures the pressure of the interstitial liquid phase. Obtained data highlight an increase of the liquid pressure in the heated side of the cake during thermally assisted mechanical dewatering. Indeed, as the temperature increases the water density decrease. As the cake consolidation restricts the flow a liquid pressure gradient reappears inside the cake. As the temperatures on the filter side of the cake increase, the thermally induced liquid pressure gradient vanishes with an additional filtrate outflow. In order to measure the porous media properties a compression-permeability cell has been build. This apparatus allows permeability measurement to be conducted for different temperature and loading on the porous media. A physical model including the thermal pressurization has been implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics in order to simulate the process. The model confirms the thermal pressurization occurring during thermally assisted mechanical dewatering, but because of deviation in the calculated mechanical behavior and temperature of the porous media, the model can’t depict the experimental additional filtrate outflow
Gascoin, Nicolas. "Etude multi-physique des phénomènes réactifs dans les technologies propulsives aérospatiales." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705540.
Повний текст джерелаCapatina, Daniela. "Analyse de méthodes mixtes d'éléments finis en mécanique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647026.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Khac Long. "Multiscale analysis of transport in porous media." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190522_NGUYEN_156sqbpnr595zlxet195ycj854nvqyn_TH.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe correlation of the structural parameters with the transfer properties of a fluid through a porous media is a significant subject in physics, chemistry, geology, and engineering. The architectural parameters such as porosity and pore size distribution do not describe the complexity of most porous organizations consisting of labyrinths of interconnected pores with random shapes and cross-sections. This complexity is described by a parameter called tortuosity. The apparent total and particle tortuosities are determined by electrical measurements or the analysis of the peak shape of chromatographic probes. In the latter case, the particle tortuosity of silica is calculated from effective intraparticle diffusion coefficient determined by modelling the chromatographic peak broadening of polystyrenes obtained either in dynamic or in static conditions under non-adsorbing conditions by using the solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). In dynamic conditions, the constant term in the van Deemter equation is a combined contribution of eddy diffusion and polydispersity of the polystyrenes and depends on the size of the molecule. The broad pore size distribution of totally porous silica contributes also to the spreading of the peak. The transport of polystyrenes through silica columns has also been studied in adsorbing conditions by changing the solvent. With the mixture of n-Heptane and THF, one obtains many peaks for a polystyrene sample due to the polydispersity of the polystyrene. In fact, the adsorption increases with the molecular weight of the polystyrenes. The surface diffusion of polystyrene decreases with an increase in the retention factor
Le, Bray Yves. "CONTRIBUTIONS A L'ETUDE DU CHANGEMENT DE PHASE LIQUIDE-VAPEUR EN MILIEUX POREUX. SIMULATIONS NUMERIQUES SUR RESEAUX DE PORES." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518234.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Bray Yves. "Contributions à l'étude du changement de phase liquide-vapeur en milieux poreux : simulations numériques sur réseaux de pores." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT025H.
Повний текст джерелаFrançois, Marie. "Approche expérimentale d’écoulement gaz/liquide en milieu poreux modèle : application aux lits fixes pour la catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0216/document.
Повний текст джерелаHeterogeneously catalyzed reactions involving a gas and a liquid phase are frequently achieved in fixed bed reactors. These reactors can be described as a porous medium. The complex nature of this medium makes the understanding of the interplay between phases difficult, and requires a thorough study at the global andlocal scale to identify the key parameters of hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfers. Therefore, we have developed a miniaturized two-dimensional system that is transparent to allow the direct observation of the flow with very high spatial and temporal resolution. While varying the total flow rate and the gas/liquid flow rate ratio, we observe the appearance of the trickle and the pulse flow regime, which can be observed in threedimensional beds. Thanks to some image analysis techniques, we are able to quantify and to map the local apparent liquid saturation and the morphology of the phases. Variances analysis allowed the study of the transition for different liquid properties. This approach allowed the comparison with the existing state of art, but also the study of the onset and propagation mechanisms of the instabilities during the transition. We report that the onset of instabilities responsible for the destabilization of the trickle flow regime occurs at a fixed Weber number. This indicates that the pulsed regime is due to the destabilization of the gas/liquid interface by inertial forces. Finally, a preliminary study of thermal transfers in the device was realized. The device was used to perform the exothermic hydrogenation of alpha-methylstyrene. A simple model is used to characterize the temperature increase in the device. Although this approach does not allow quantitative measurements, it opens up the perspective of monitoring thermal transfers with an infra-red camera
Kolitcheff, Svetan. "Approche multitechnique des phénomènes de diffusion en hydrotraitement de distillats." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1033/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe catalytic cracking has an important role in fuels production from heavy oil cuts like vacuum gas oil (VGO). To optimize these processes, a pre-hydrotreatment is required. The amount of work dealt by the research community in the last years has highly contributed to the enhancement of the catalyst’s activity. Therefore, the internal mass transfer can become the limiting step and it must be quantified.A methodology based on inverse liquid chromatography has been developed to characterize the mass transfer within alumina catalyst supports. The experimental setup was also used to study the influence of several parameters into mass transfer properties such as, adsorption, temperature, and active phase precursors. In mesoporous aluminas, the diffusion regime undertaken by saturated compounds, going from gasoline to VGO is the molecular regime. For different alumina supports, tortuosity values were estimated and correlated to the textural properties (porosity, specific surface area and pore size distribution). These results showed that the aluminas can not be considered as homogeneous supports given the estimated mass transfer properties. Thus, we assume that a hierarchical porous structure might be in cause. A catalytic test promoted in a stirred reactor was also developed to study the mass transfer properties under reactive conditions. The impact of the particle grains size into the hydrodesulphurization of a synthetized molecule was characterized and modeled. A good agreement was found between the data obtained using the inverse chromatography experiments and the catalytic tests
Larour, Jean. "Mobilité des charges en excès dans les liquides : cas du mouvement des électrons dans l'argon liquide." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066116.
Повний текст джерелаDominiak, Pascal. "Analyse expérimentale des mécanismes d'instabilité lors de l'ébullition d'un milieu poreux chauffé à température constante." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL056N.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to study some experimental and theoretical aspects of unsteady mechanisms of boiling in porous media. We are interested in the case of boiling in a porous layer of glass beads saturated with water. A new experimental device has been built up with the following boundaries conditions: at the bottom impervious and imposed temperature ; at the top permeable and imposed temperature. Various experiments are presented for different sizes of beads. For beads of diameter 40-70 and 100-160 microns, a stable state is obtained with the superposition of a vapor film, a two-phase zone at the boiling temperature and a liquid zone at the top. For beads of diameter 200-250 microns, a unsteady periodic state with a movement of large amplitude of the front between the two-phase region and the liquid zone is observed. Last, for beads of diameter 800-1200 microns, whereas turbulent natural convection is present in the upper liquid zone, a return to the front stability is observed. The influence of a gravitational instability, of the natural convection and of the front movement is investigated using linear stability analyses