Готові списки джерел за темами / Liquid crystal cell

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Wan Omar, Wan Ibtisam, and Chin Fhong Soon. "Critical Surface Tension of Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.43.

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Cholesteryl ester liquid crystal was found to be non-toxic and it was recently applied as a cell traction force sensor. The reason for the affinity of the cells to this liquid crystal is unclear and required further investigation. This paper focused on determining the surface energy of the liquid crystals. A custom built contact angle measurement system and Fox-Zisman theory was applied to determine the critical surface tension of the cholesteryl ester liquid crystal. Eight different polar probe liquids were selected to determine the contact angle of the glass slides coated with cholesteryl ester liquid crystals. We found that the critical surface tension of the liquid crystal at 37.5 mN/m characterized the surface of the liquid crystal to be moderately hydrophobic. However, as reported in our previous work that the interaction of the liquid crystal and the cell culture media could re-orientate the amphiphilic molecules of the liquid crystals leading to the formation of lyotropic layers on the bulk cholesteric phase, therefore, making the surface to be hydrophilic. This then supported the formation of the hydrophilic layers that favors cell adhesion.

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Marek Sutkowski, Marek Sutkowski, and Wiktor Piecek Wiktor Piecek. "Charge distribution into illuminated dye-doped surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cell." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 10 (2016): 102302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.102302.

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Denisova, Olga. "Measuring system for liquid level determination based on linear electro-optical effect of liquid crystal." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822602005.

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This article describes an updated system for measuring and controlling the level of liquid media. Well-known capacitance method for determining the liquid level is modernised. The new scheme proposes the use of electro-optical cell with a nematic liquid crystal. Homeotropically oriented liquid crystal is sandwiched between two plates, one of which is glass, and the other – crystal – cadmium sulfide CdS photoconductor. liquid crystal cell serves as an indicator. Its light transmittance depends on the applied voltage. Cell is designed so that the dependence of the phase delay of the voltage is linear. The article describes a mathematical model showing linear dependence, confirmed experimentally. Application of linear electrooptic effect observed in liquid crystals, allows to improve the accuracy and speed of measurement of liquid media, as the liquid crystal is an anisotropic medium more sensitive than solid crystals. The relaxation time of the orientation effects in liquid crystals is ~10-6 s. From the point of view of practical significance, this method will be of interest for application in the fuel and energy complex, in particular, oil and gas industry for the commercial accounting of petroleum products.

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Orzechowski, Kamil, Marek Wojciech Sierakowski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Tomasz Ryszard Woliński, Olga Strzeżysz, and Przemysław Kula. "Investigation of Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using wedge-cell technique." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.738.

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In this work an alternative method for refractive index measurement of blue phase liquid crystal in the Kerr effect has been described. The proposed wedge method uses simple goniometric setup, allowing for direct index measurements for any wavelengths and index values. This is significant advantage comparing to other methods, usually having limitations of the measurement range as well as necessity complicated calculation to obtain refractive indices values. The results are reliable and agree well with the subject literature. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Cao et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mater. 1, 111-113 (2002). CrossRef S. Meiboom, M. Sammon, W.F. Brinkman, "Lattice of disclinations: The structure of the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals", Phys. Rev. A. 27, 438 (1983). CrossRef S. Tanaka et al., "Double-twist cylinders in liquid crystalline cholesteric blue phases observed by transmission electron microscopy", Sci. Rep. 5, 16180 (2015). CrossRef Y. Li and S.-T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19(9), 8045-8050 (2011). CrossRef N. Rong et al., "Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Fresnel Lens Cured With Patterned Light Using a Spatial Light Modulator", J. of Disp. Technol. 12(10), 1008-1012 (2016). CrossRef J.-D. Lin et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Opt. Express 22(24), 29479-29492 (2014). CrossRef P. Joshi et al., "Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 9(1), 11-13 (2017). CrossRef Ch.-W. Chen et al., "Temperature dependence of refractive index in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 3(5), 527-532 (2013). CrossRef Y.-H. Lin et al., "Measuring electric-field-induced birefringence in polymer stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals based on phase shift measurements", J. Appl. Phys. 109, 104503 (2011). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18(11), 11450-11455 (2010). CrossRef K.A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 8(2), 51-53 (2016). CrossRef O. Chojnowska et al., "Electro-optical properties of photochemically stable polymer-stabilized blue-phase material", J. Appl. Phys. 116, 213505 (2014). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef M. Chen et al., "Electrically assisting crystal growth of blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 4(5), 953-959 (2014). CrossRef J. Kerr, Philos. Mag. 50, 337 (1875).

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Soon, Chin Fhong, Mohamad A. Genedy, Mansour Youseffi, and Morgan C. T. Denyer. "Cell Traction Force Mapping in MG63 and HaCaTs." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.39.

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The ability of a cell to adhere and transmit traction forces to a surface reveals the cytoskeleton integrity of a cell. Shear sensitive liquid crystals were discovered with new function in sensing cell traction force recently. This liquid crystal has been previously shown to be non-toxic, linear viscoelastic and sensitive to localized exerted forces. This paper reports the possibility of extending the application of the proposed liquid crystal based cell force sensor in sensing traction forces of osteoblast-like (MG-63) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines exerted to the liquid crystal sensor. Incorporated with cell force measurement software, force distributions of both cell types were represented in force maps. For these lowly contractile cells, chondrocytes expressed regular forces (10 – 90 nN, N = 200) around the circular cell body whereas HaCaT projected forces (0 – 200 nN, N = 200) around the perimeter of poly-hedral shaped body. These forces are associated with the organisation of the focal adhesion expressions and stiffness of the LC substrate. From the results, liquid crystal based cell force sensor system is shown to be feasible in detecting forces of both MG63 and HaCaT.

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Liu, Y. J., and X. W. Sun. "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Materials, Formation, and Applications." Advances in OptoElectronics 2008 (April 27, 2008): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/684349.

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By combining polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and holography, holographic PDLC (H-PDLC) has emerged as a new composite material for switchable or tunable optical devices. Generally, H-PDLC structures are created in a liquid crystal cell filled with polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials by recording the interference pattern generated by two or more coherent laser beams which is a fast and single-step fabrication. With a relatively ideal phase separation between liquid crystals and polymers, periodic refractive index profile is formed in the cell and thus light can be diffracted. Under a suitable electric field, the light diffraction behavior disappears due to the index matching between liquid crystals and polymers. H-PDLCs show a fast switching time due to the small size of the liquid crystal droplets. So far, H-PDLCs have been applied in many promising applications in photonics, such as flat panel displays, switchable gratings, switchable lasers, switchable microlenses, and switchable photonic crystals. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of H-PDLCs including the materials used to date, the grating formation dynamics and simulations, the optimization of electro-optical properties, the photonic applications, and the issues existed in H-PDLCs.

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Marinova, V., Z. F. Tong, S. Petrov, S. H. Lin, M. S. Chen, Y. H. Lin, Y. C. Lai, P. Yu, and K. Y. Hsu. "Liquid crystal cell with graphene electrodes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 794 (January 2017): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/794/1/012009.

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Endresen, Kirsten D., Francesca Serra, and Michael A. Lepori. "Cell Response to Liquid Crystal Order." Biophysical Journal 116, no. 3 (February 2019): 546a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.2939.

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Soon, Chin Fhong, Zai Peng Goh, Lee Chin Ku, Ten Ten Lee, and Kian Sek Tee. "A Squeegee Coating Apparatus for Producing a Liquid Crystal Based Bio-Transducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.759.

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Cholesteryl ester liquid crystals were discovered with a new application in sensing traction forces of single cells. The liquid crystal bio-transducer is produced by manual scraping of liquid crystals onto the petri dish, in which the technique is highly subjective to the skill of the user to produce homogeneously spread liquid crystal substrates. This paper describes the development of an apparatus used to produce a liquid crystal substrate using squeegee coating technique. It consists of a biaxial mechatronic system which is synchronously controlled in vertical and horizontal directions scraping the liquid crystal substrates evenly on the surface of a petri dish. The thickness of the liquid crystal was profiled using laser diffraction technique and the homogeneity of the liquid crystal films produced was examined in a crossed-polarizing microscope. At an angular speed of 1500 rpm and under a shear stress of 1.46 ± 0.72 kPa, the squeegee coating was found producing liquid crystal films at a thickness of 132 ± 23 μm on the surface of petri dishes. With the application of this apparatus, evenly spread liquid crystal coatings with control thickness in petri dishes were consistently produced. This has overcome the major problem of manually coating the liquid crystal substrates using a cell scraper.

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Nersesyan, Varsenik. "Optically-driven switching of a planar nematic liquid crystal cell with parallel rubbing." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.715.

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This letter reports on the switching of a planar nematic liquid crystal cell with parallel rubbing of the alignment layers, under the application of a voltage, when there is initially an optical field. The voltage application over the liquid crystal in such a cell leads normally to the formation of multiple domains because there is the two switching directions are equivalent. However, an incident optical field under an angle will locally reorient the director and break the symmetry between the equivalent switching directions. The subsequent application of a voltage pulse amplifies the tilt angle and leads to the formation of a dominant domain, with an order of magnitude larger size than the optical beam profile. Several switching conditions are demonstrated for different incident angles of the beam. It is shown that the final switching direction of the entire cell is determined by the tilt angle of the optical field. The lensing effects due to the modified director distribution in the domain walls is analyzed qualitatively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. C. Khoo, Liquid crystals (2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ), Wiley, 2007) CrossRef A. Zolotko, V. Kitaeva, N. Kroo et al. OCBP. JETP Lett. 32, 158?162 (1980). DirectLink J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, X. Hutsebaut X, et al. "Simulations and experiments on self-focusing conditions in nematic liquid-crystal planar cells", Opt Express, 12, 1011? 1018 (2004). CrossRef M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, et al. "Electrically assisted self-confinement and waveguiding in planar nematic liquid crystal cells", Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 7 ? 9 (2000). CrossRef N. Kravets, A. Piccardi, A. Alberucci et al, "Bistability with Optical Beams Propagating in a Reorientational Medium", Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 023901 (2014) CrossRef A. Piccardi, N. Kravets, A. Alberucci et al, "Voltage-driven beam bistability in a reorientational uniaxial dielectric", APL Photonics 1, 011302 (2016). CrossRef V. Nersesyan, T. Brans, F. Beunis, R. Drampyan , J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, "Light-controlled reorientation of nematic liquid crystal driven by an electric field", Liquid crystals, 43, 1422-1430 (2016). CrossRef J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, W. Cort, et al. "Non-linear light propagation and bistability in nematic liquid crystals", Proc SPIE 7414, 74140K (2009). CrossRef

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Дисертації з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Liu, Zhijian. "Photo-aligned LC cell with weak anchoring energy and specific profiles : physics & applications /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202006%20LIU.

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Du, Tao. "Single cell gap transflective liquid crystal displays and the use of photoalignment technology /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202009%20DU.

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Noda, Yohei. "EPR studies on molecular orientation of all-organic paramagnetic liquid crystals in a surface-stabilized liquid crystal cell." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136793.

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Angelo, Joseph S. Angelo. "Direct Mechanical Observation of Surface Anchoring and Disclinations Using Dynamically Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Cell." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532646624675951.

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Soon, Chin Fhong. "Development of a novel cell traction force transducer based on cholesteryl ester liquid crystals : characterisation, quantification and evaluation of a cholesteryl ester liquid crystal based single cell force transducer system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5379.

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In biomechano-transducing, cellular generated tension can be measured by soft substrates based on polymers but these techniques are limited either by spatial resolution or ability to detect localised cell traction forces (CTF) due to their non-linear viscous behaviour under shear rates. A newly developed cell traction force transducer system based on cholesteryl ester lyotropic liquid crystals (LCTFT) was developed to sense localised traction forces of human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaTs), in which the length of the deformation line induced represents the intensity of the CTF exerted. The physical properties of the cholesteryl ester based lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) were characterised by using polarising microscopy, rheology, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nano-indentation, spherical indentation, and micro-tensile tests. The interactions of LLC with cells were studied by using cell viability studies, cytochemical treatments, widefield surface plasmon resonance (WSPR) microscopy and various immuno-staining techniques. The results show that LLC is thermally stable (0-50 °C) and linearly viscoelastic below 10% shear strain at shear rates of < 1 s⁻¹. AFM nano and spherical indentations show a good agreement on the Young's modulus of both determined at ~110 kPa which is close to the elastic modulus of the epidermis. The Poisson's ratio of LLC was determined at ~0.58 by using micro tensile tests. The biophysical interaction studies indicated that LLC is biocompatible and allowed cell attachment. Cell relaxation technique by cytochalasin-B treatment suggested that the attachment and contraction of cells on LLC was due to the contractile activity of actin cytoskeletons that are mediated by focal adhesions. The staining experiments showed that cells consistently expressed the same suites of integrins (α2, α3, α5 and β1) and ECM proteins (collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin) on both glass and LLC coated substrates. Interfacial interaction of cells with LLC observed via the staining of actin and vinculin, and WSPR imaging suggest the association of marginal actin filaments and focal adhesions in attaching HaCaT cells to the LLC. Linear static analysis applied in the Finite Element model of focal adhesion-LC confirmed the compressive force patterns induced by cells. By applying cell relaxation techniques and Hooke's theorem, the force-deformation relationships of the LLC were derived and used for direct quantification of CTF in culture. The sensitivity of the LCTFT was implied by a wide range of CTF (10 - 140 nN) measured at high resolutions (~2 μm). Nonetheless, a custom-built cell traction force measurement and mapping software (CTFM) was developed to map CTF of single cells. Reliability of the LCTFT was evaluated by using a known pharmacological active cytokine, TGF-β1, in inducing contraction of human keratinocytes. This study inferred internal consistency and repeatability of the LCTFT in sensing contraction responses of HaCaT cells in a concentration dependent manner of TGF-β1. The overall LCTFT and CTFM software had shown good potential for use in the study of contraction and migration of keratinocytes.

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Harden, John E. "Electro-Mechanical Couplings in Liquid Crystals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1239305653.

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Hnatenko, O. S., M. V. Neofitnyy, Yu P. Machekhin, V. I. Zarytskyi, and Yu V. Zhdanova. "1,55 mkm fiber laser with electronic controlled mode-locking." Thesis, CAOL, 2019. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/15099.

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A projection of an erbium-doped active-fiber laser is offered in this research paper. Mode synchronization method - the nonlinear evolution of mode polarization, is used to ensure the duration of femtosecond pulses. The basis of this method uses liquid crystal controllers polarization, which is controlled by an electrical signal. The proposed scheme and method for obtaining ultrashort pulses are free from the unstable operation of the laser.

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Jang, Yong-Kyu. "ADVANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES IN PHASE COMPENSATED LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1185484614.

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Huang, Yung-Chou, and 黃永州. "Study of Bistable Liquid Crystal Cell." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81426525865902112353.

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碩士
明新科技大學
電子工程研究所
97
In this study, we investigated the bistable effect of the bistable liquid crystal cell by different alignment technologies and process parameters. We treated the alignment layer by rubbing-alignment and photo-alignment methods and changed the process parameters to get the bistable liquid crystal cell with the high – low pre-tilt angle and strong-weak anchoring energy. In the study subject 1, we change the monomer contain ratio and the exposure energy in the photo-sensitive material S46 for studying the pre-tilt angle and anchoring energy of liquid crystal cell, then use them for strong-weak anchoring energy layers for bistable liquid crystal cell. In the study subject 2, in order to having a combination of strong and weak alignment layer in the bistable liquid crystal cell, the upper substrate is treated by rubbing process, and the lower substrate of photo sensitive polymer material S46 is treated by photo-aligned process. In addition, we drive the bistable liquid crystal cell using four driving signals to study bitable phenomenon of cell. The experimental results of the subject 1 reveal a best performance as the anchoring energy of the upper substrate is 7.3×10-5 J/m2 and that of the lower substrate is 1.2×10-5 J/m2. The difference of anchoring energy between the upper and lower substrates has a lager value to obtain better bistable effect of cell. The experimental results of the subject 2 reveal a best performance as the anchoring energy of the upper substrate is 2.13×10-4 J/m2 and that of the lower substrate is 3.0×10-5 J/m2. The difference of anchoring energy between the upper and lower substrates has an appropriate range to obtain the better bistable effect of cell. The bistable effect of the bistable liquid crystal cell with the rubbed and photo-treated alignment layer is better than that of the bistable liquid crystal cell with the photo-treated alignment layer.

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Hsu, Wei-Ting, and 許維婷. "Methods of Cell Gap Measurement for Liquid Crystal Cells." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94273821363182426557.

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碩士
國立成功大學
光電科學與工程研究所
92
In a LCD (liquid crystal display), the cell gap plays an important role in determining its performances, such as brightness, contrast ratio, and response time. In particular, a reflective LCD cell gap is usually smaller than a transmissive LCD one, so a little deviation of the cell gap from the desired one leads to poor performances. During the device fabrication, the LC cell gap may deviate from its designed value. For optimizing the performances of LCDs in the manufacturing process, simple, precise, and fast methods to measure the cell gap is required. 　　This thesis researches the measurement methods of cell gaps of LCDs employed commonly. We establish simple and precise cell-gap measurements of a transmissive twisted nematic LC cell and reflective twisted nematic and non-twisted LC cells. The experimental method we use is to place the LC cell between two polarizers and then rotating the polarizers to get transmittance and reflectance. Accurate cell gap can be obtained by fitting the experiment value with the calculation using Jones Matrix.

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Книги з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Terentjev, Eugene M., and David A. Weitz, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Soft Condensed Matter. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199667925.001.0001.

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This Handbook serves both as an introduction and an overview of the field of soft condensed matter. The discussion covers topics ranging from the fundamentals of colloid science to the principles and action of surfactants, modern directions of research in liquid crystals, and the key properties of foams. The book also explores the fundamental physics that controls the structure and mechanics of granular matter; how the unusual and often dramatic mechanical properties of concentrated polymer systems are determined by the physics of entanglements; the complex structures formed by block copolymers and the methods of structure analysis; rubber elasticity and new emerging classes of rubber-elastic materials; the physics of polyelectrolytes; the solvent dynamics in polymer gels, in equilibrium and under mechanical stress; the hierarchical structure and characteristics of an extracellular matrix; and the hierarchical structure and resulting physical properties of the cell cytoskeleton. The book concludes with an analysis of the properties of interfaces and membranes.

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Частини книг з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Park, Heung-Shik, and Ki-Chul Shin. "Liquid Crystal Cell Process." In Flat Panel Display Manufacturing, 59–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119161387.ch4.

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Asada, Tadahiro. "Advanced Spatial Light Modulator by Using Polymer Cell-Wall Type Liquid Crystal Light Shutter." In Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials, 185–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0112-5_17.

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Prévôt, M., and E. Hegmann. "From Biomaterial, Biomimetic, and Polymer to Biodegradable and Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Cell Scaffolds." In ACS Symposium Series, 3–45. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2017-1253.ch001.

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Chipman, Russell A., Wai-Sze Tiffany Lam, and Garam Young. "Liquid Crystal Cells." In Polarized Light and Optical Systems, 837–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Optical sciences and applications of light: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351129121-24.

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Har-Shai, Yaron, and Lior Har-Shai. "Minimally Invasive Technologies for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: Intralesional Cryosurgery." In Textbook on Scar Management, 235–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_28.

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AbstractA novel intralesional cryosurgical needle is inserted into the hypertrophic scars and keloid (HSK). It is connected to a canister of liquid nitrogen, which causes the cryoprobe to freeze, thereby freezing the HSK from inside out.Following the cryo-treatment, the histomorphometric analysis demonstrated rejuvenation of the treated scar. The frozen tissue was devoid of proliferating cells and of mast cells whereas the number of blood vessels remained unaltered.The surface thermal history showed slow cooling and thawing rates as well as less pronounced end temperature, which is “friendly” to the melanocytes, thus only minimal hypopigmentation was evident. A significant long hold time was documented. This allows time for solute effects, ice crystal formation, and recrystallization, which enhances and increases the rate of cell death. This long hold time is unique for the intralesional cryosurgery technology and might explain the superior clinical results.More than 50% of scar volume reduction was achieved following a single cryotherapy. For ear HSK, 70% of volume reduction was achieved, and for the upper back and shoulders 60%. Significant alleviation of objective and subjective clinical symptoms was documented. During the follow-up period there was no worsening or infection of the HSK and only minimal hypopigmentation.A pain control protocol was applied, which significantly reduced pain severity during and after the cryosurgery treatment to tolerable levels (VAS ≤ 3).The intralesional cryosurgery treatment is an evidence-based, effective, and safe technology, simple to operate, can be applied as an office procedure, is cost-effective, and takes a short learning curve. The technique achieves remarkable clinical results usually by a single treatment.

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Yang, Song Ling, Zhong Cheng Liang, Ren Fan Shao, and Lui Lam. "Interfacial Waves in Hele-Shaw Cells of Liquid Crystal-Air Systems." In Wave Phenomena, 231–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8856-2_15.

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Lee, Chuan-Pei, and Kuo-Chuan Ho. "CHAPTER 18. Ionic Liquid-based Polymers and Crystals for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells." In Polymerized Ionic Liquids, 515–30. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010535-00515.

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Soon, Chin Fhong, Mansour Youseffi, Nick Blagden, and Morgan Denyer. "Investigation of Cell Adhesion, Contraction and Physical Restructuring on Shear Sensitive Liquid Crystals." In Electrical Engineering and Applied Computing, 623–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1192-1_49.

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Thong, Kok Tung, Chin Fhong Soon, and Kian Sek Tee. "The Effects of Enzyme to the Dissociation of Cells in Monolayer and 3D Microtissue on the Liquid Crystal Substrate." In IFMBE Proceedings, 231–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11776-8_56.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Liquid crystal cell"

Lorenz, Alexander, Atefeh Habibpourmoghadam, Lin Jiao, Faissal Omairat, Dean R. Evans, Liana Lucchetti, and Viktor Y. Reshetnyak. "Confined photovoltaic fields in a photo-responsive liquid crystal test cell." In Liquid Crystals XXI, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2273990.

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Yoon, Tae-Hoon, Seung-Won Oh, Jong-Min Baek, and Sang-Hyeok Kim. "Smart window using a thermally and optically switchable liquid crystal cell." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XIII, edited by Igor Muševič, Liang-Chy Chien, Dirk J. Broer, and Vladimir G. Chigrinov. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2289457.

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Ahn, Soyeon, Gi Hyen Lee, Young Seo Kim, Ji Yeon Yang, Na-Hyun Bak, Byeong Kwon Choi, Srinivas Pagidi, Moon-Deock Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, and Min Yong Jeon. "Fiber optic temperature sensor using a fiber ferrule-based cholesteric liquid crystal cell." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XVII, edited by Igor Muševič, Liang-Chy Chien, and Nelson V. Tabiryan. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2612562.

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Zambra, Valeska, Marcel G. Clerc, and Michal Kowalczyk. "Exotic states of matter at room temperature in out of equilibrium liquid crystal cell." In Liquid Crystals XXIV, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568897.

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Yoon, Tae-Hoon, Jae-Won Huh, Jin-Hun Kim, Young-Seo Jo, Seong-Min Ji, and Tae-Hoon Choi. "Control of the haze value by the electro-hydrodynamic effect in a liquid crystal cell." In Liquid Crystals XXII, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322358.

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Choi, Yeongyu, Tae-Hoon Yoon, Byeong-Hun Yu, Tae-Hoon Choi, and Seung-Won Oh. "Formation of polymer structure by thermally-induced phase separation in a dye-doped liquid crystal cell." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XIV, edited by Liang-Chy Chien. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2511087.

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Andrienko, Denis, Victor Y. Reshetnyak, and Yuri A. Reznikov. "Reverse director distributions in the nematic liquid crystal cell." In Nonlinear Optics of Liquid and Photorefractive Crystals, edited by Gertruda V. Klimusheva and Andrey G. Iljin. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.239191.

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Stolyarov, Alexander M., Lei Wei, Fabien Sorin, Guillaume Lestoquoy, John D. Joannopoulos, and Yoel Fink. "All-in-Fiber Liquid Crystal Cell." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2012.cth4d.7.

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Kawamura, Marenori, and Susumu Sato. "Novel real-time measurement of cell parameters in reflective liquid crystal cells by using a circularly homogeneously aligned liquid crystal cell." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by Iam-Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.506608.

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Makoto Watanabe, Keiichiro Ishihara, Takeyuki Tsuruma, Yasuhiko Iguchi, Yoshiharu Nakajima, and Yasuhito Maki. "Macro-modeling of liquid crystal cell with VerilogA." In 2007 IEEE International Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmas.2007.4437539.

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