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Статті в журналах з теми "Liquid chromatography"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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1

Zhang, Jing, and Hongye Zhang. "Research progress on the detection of water-soluble vitamins in food using liquid chromatography." Theoretical and Natural Science 37, no. 1 (June 4, 2024): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240183.

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Currently, liquid chromatography is widely used for the analysis and determination of water-soluble vitamins (WSVs) in functional foods. However, due to the diversity of sample characteristics and the requirement for purification accuracy, the chromatographic conditions and specific methods used vary. This paper reviews the chromatographic conditions of liquid chromatography techniques for detecting WSVs in food, as well as the selection of liquid chromatography methods in different application fields. The chromatographic conditions include chromatographic columns, column temperature, mobile phase, flow rate, and elution gradient, and the application scope of different chromatographic conditions is compared. Liquid chromatography methods include high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and discussions are made on the applications and prospects of these two methods under different chromatographic conditions. Therefore, this review provides research insights into different chromatographic conditions and methods for food quality inspection and biochemical analysis research.

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2

Adel, E. Ibrahim, Elhenawee Magda, Saleh Hanaa, and M. Sebaiy Mahmoud. "Overview on liquid chromatography and its greener chemistry application." Annals of Advances in Chemistry 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001023.

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This literature review is concerning with liquid chromatography specifically high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), chromatography theory, chromatographic parameters, monolithic columns, principles of green chemistry and its application ingreen chromatography.

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3

Yatsenko, Larisa Anatolyevna, Maria Yurevna Printseva, Ilya Danilovich Cheshko, and Artur Alexandrovich Tumanovsky. "Detection of residues and determination of the composition of combustible components in case of explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures." Technology of technosphere safety 97 (2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25257/tts.2022.3.97.51-60.

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Introduction. Liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) are widely used in various fields. The main components of LHG are: propane, isobutane and n-butane, which are not only combustible, but also explosive gases capable of detonation combustion. The detection of LHG in the air is a very urgent task in expert studies. To determine the component composition of various flammable liquids, for the purpose of their identification, chromatographs equipped with a capillary quartz column with a phase that allows detecting saturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series from pentane to pentatetracontane inclusive are used in the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. However, it is not possible to analyze the component composition of lighter hydrocarbons according to the previously proposed and used in expert practice method for detecting and studying flammable liquids/high liquids under these conditions. To solve the problem of unification of the use of the instrumental base for the detection of residues of flammable liquids, liquid liquids and light hydrocarbons, new chromatography conditions were selected using the existing equipment set. Goals and objectives. The aim of the study is to select the analysis conditions for detecting the remains of liquefied hydrocarbon gases after explosions of steam-air mixtures on the basis of the instrumental gas chromatographic complex in service with the Forensic Expertise Institutions of Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia. Research methods. To detect and determine the composition of residues of combustible components during explosions of vapor-gas-air mixtures, a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, a ZB-50 capillary column, and an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber was used. Results and its discussion. In the course of the study, the optimal conditions for conducting gas chromatographic analysis were defined and selected in order to detect liquefied hydrocarbon gases. Recommended pressures are given for various carrier gases. It is shown that, by varying the pressure and inlet temperature, light hydrocarbons propane, butane, isobutane is fairly well separated on a gas-liquid chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and on a ZB-50 capillary column 30 meters long. Conclusion. The research shows that the problem of combining a hardware-software instrumental complex based on a gas chromatograph with an attachment from a two-stage thermal desorber used for the analysis of two groups of substances (liquefied hydrocarbons and flammable liquids, gas liquids) is solved by varying the pressure and temperature of the input. Keywords: gas-liquid chromatography, thermal desorption, liquefied petroleum gases, light hydrocarbons, air-fuel mixtures, vapor-gas-air mixtures, explosion, fire examination.

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4

Meng, Xin Xin, and Shu Lin Yang. "Comparison of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatogram Detecting Pesticide Residue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.113.

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The existing methods of detecting pesticide residue include gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatograph-mass, liquid chromatograph-mass, capillary electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, biosensor and rapid detection on the spot. The paper analyzes the comparison of gas chromatography and liquid chromatogram detecting pesticide residue, for achieving the development tendency and the future goal of analyzing pesticide residue.

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5

Durai Ananda Kumar T, Sai Charan, Venkateswarlu A, and Supriya Reddy K. "Evolution of liquid chromatography: Technologies and applications." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 3204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2449.

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Liquid chromatographic offers efficient analyte separation employing high pressure pumps. The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is widely utilized in the purity testing and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. The limitations of traditional liquid chromatography such as particle size, resolution and selectivity demanded for the developments and Waters Corporation developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) is another milestone, which offers faster and efficient separation. Multidimensional UHPLC provides separation of complex molecules. The particle size decrease enhances the resolution of LC separation. Ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH), Charged surface hybrid (CSH) and Peptide separation technology (PST) offer better performance in. The amalgamation of chromatographic and spectroscopic detectors namely fluorescence detector (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides efficient separation. Liquid chromatography (LC) offers the analysis of pharmaceuticals, biological, food materials, and natural products. This review covers technologies and recent pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid chromatography technologies

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6

Peterson, Robert E., Gail M. Shannon, and Odette L. Shotwell. "Purification of Cyclopiazonic Acid by Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.2.332.

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Abstract A purification procedure for cyclopiazonic acid has been developed, using sequential preparative and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. Crude cyclopiazonic acid (324 mg) was extracted from a 1 L fermentation medium with chloroform-methanol (80 + 20), dried, dissolved in chloroform, and chromatographed on an oxalic acid/ silica preparative column with chloroform-methanol (99 + 1) as the eluant. A semi-preparative oxalic acid/silica column and chloroform- methanol (99.5 + 0.5) were then used for rechromatography of the partially purified cyclopiazonic acid. This second chromatographic treatment yielded fractions from which cyclopiazonic acid was readily crystallized (106.7 mg; 33% recovery). Analytical chromatography was developed using an amino column in an ion-exchange mode, with a methanol-phosphate buffer eluant. Response was linear from 10 to 800 μg/injection of standard solutions. Cyclopiazonic acid chemically binds sodium from soda-lime vials.

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7

Tong, Daixin, Keith D. Bartle, Anthony A. Clifford, and Robert E. Robinson. "Unified chromatograph for gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and micro-liquid chromatography." Analyst 120, no. 10 (1995): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9952002461.

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8

Custodio-Mendoza, Jorge Antonio, Patryk Pokorski, Havva Aktaş, Alicja Napiórkowska, and Marcin Andrzej Kurek. "Advances in Chromatographic Analysis of Phenolic Phytochemicals in Foods: Bridging Gaps and Exploring New Horizons." Foods 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2024): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13142268.

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Chromatographic analysis of phenolic phytochemicals in foods has significantly advanced over the past decade (2014–2024), meeting increasing demands for precision and efficiency. This review covers both conventional and advanced chromatographic techniques used for detecting phenolic phytochemicals in foods. Conventional methods like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography are discussed, along with their benefits and limitations. Advanced techniques, including Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Nano-LC, Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Capillary Electrophoresis, are highlighted for their innovations and improved capabilities. The review addresses challenges in current chromatographic methods, emphasizing the need for standardized and validated procedures according to the Food and Drug Administration, European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories, and The International Organization for Standardization guidelines to ensure reliable and reproducible results. It also considers novel strategies for reducing the environmental impact of chromatographic methods, advocating for sustainable practices in analytical chemistry.

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9

Christopoulou, C. N., and E. G. Perkins. "Chromatographic studies on fatty acid dinners: Gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 66, no. 9 (September 1989): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03022761.

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10

Hammack, Walter, Mary C. Carson, Barbara K. Neuhaus, Jeffrey A. Hurlbut, Cristina Nochetto, James S. Stuart, Amy Brown, et al. "Multilaboratory Validation of a Method To Confirm Chloramphenicol in Shrimp and Crabmeat by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 1135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1135.

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Abstract An existing method for chloramphenicol (CAP) determination in shrimp using a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was adapted for confirmation of CAP with a liquid chromatograph interfaced to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. CAP residues are extracted from tissue with ethyl acetate, isolated via liquid–liquid extraction, and concentrated by evaporation. Extracts are chromatographed by using a reversed-phased column and analyzed by electrospray negative mode tandem mass spectrometry. Four product ions (m/z 152, 176, 194, and 257) of precursor m/z 321 were monitored. Moving from gas chromatography to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry improved the sensitivity of the method greatly, enabling reliable confirmation of CAP residues at 0.3 μg/kg (ppb). The method meets confirmation criteria recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and 4-point identification criteria established by the European Union. With slight modifications to accommodate different equipment, the method was validated in 3 laboratories.

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11

El Deeb, Sami. "Enhancing Sustainable Analytical Chemistry in Liquid Chromatography: Guideline for Transferring Classical High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Methods into Greener, Bluer, and Whiter Methods." Molecules 29, no. 13 (July 5, 2024): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133205.

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This review is dedicated to sustainable practices in liquid chromatography. HPLC and UHPLC methods contribute significantly to routine analytical techniques. Therefore, the transfer of classical liquid chromatographic methods into sustainable ones is of utmost importance in moving toward sustainable development goals. Among other principles to render a liquid chromatographic method green, the substitution of the organic solvent component in the mobile phase with a greener one received great attention. This review concentrates on choosing the best alternative green organic solvent to replace the classical solvent in the mobile phase for easy, rapid transfer to a more sustainable normal phase or reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The main focus of this review will be on describing the transfer of non-green to green and white chromatographic methods in an effort to elevate sustainability best practices in analytical chemistry. The greenness properties and greenness ranking, in addition to the chromatographic suitability of seventeen organic solvents for liquid chromatography, are mentioned to have a clear insight into the issue of rapidly choosing the appropriate solvent to transfer a classical HPLC or UHPLC method into a more sustainable one. A simple guide is proposed for making the liquid chromatographic method more sustainable.

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12

Noga, Sylwia, Attila Felinger, and Bogusław Buszewski. "Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Per Aqueous Liquid Chromatography in Fungicides Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sge_noga.

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Abstract The goal of the study was to investigate the retention mechanism of selected fungicides in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC). Chromatographic measurements were made on four physicochemically diversified HILIC columns, which were evaluated for the analysis of nine biologically active compounds, such as strobilurins and triazoles. The effects of the operating conditions on separations were investigated, including the concentration of the organic solvent in the aqueous-organic (acetonitrile) mobile phase. The results were compared, and it was shown that two different retention mechanisms dominate in PALC at low acetonitrile concentrations and in HILIC at high acetonitrile concentrations.

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13

KITAGAWA, Shinya. "Liquid Chromatography." Analytical Sciences 35, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.highlights1909.

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14

KAGAWA, Nobuyuki. "Liquid Chromatography." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 93, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.93.189.

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15

Kostanyan, Artak E., Vera V. Belova, Yulia V. Tsareva, and Maria M. Petyaeva. "Separation of Rare Earth Elements in Multistage Extraction Columns in Chromatography Mode: Experimental Study and Mathematical Simulation." Processes 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061757.

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The application of liquid–liquid chromatography principles to solvent extraction processes in hydrometallurgy can greatly simplify rare earth metal separation technologies by separating multicomponent mixtures in one technological operation. In this study, the chromatographic separation of rare earth elements (REEs) in multistage extraction columns was experimentally studied under conditions of impulse sample injection—single and multiple loading of large volumes of metal salt solution into the installation. The results obtained showed the feasibility of operating sieve plate extraction columns in the liquid–liquid chromatography mode. A closed-loop recycling technology is proposed for the separation of rare earth elements in multistage extraction columns operating in the liquid–liquid chromatography mode. For further development and industrial implementation of this technology, experimental studies should be conducted on intensified multistage extraction columns, such as sectioned columns with agitators and vibrating plate columns. Computer simulation of the chromatographic separation of rare earth elements by closed-loop recycling liquid–liquid chromatography was carried out.

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16

Naida, O. O., B. A. Rudenko, R. Kh Khamizov, and M. A. Kumakhov. "Polycapillary (multichannel) chromatographic columns in liquid chromatography." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 7 (June 30, 2009): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934809070107.

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17

Hanai, Toshihiko. "Quantitative Explanation of Retention Mechanisms in Reversed-phase Mode Liquid Chromatography, and Utilization of Typical Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography for Drug Discovery." Current Chromatography 6, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213240606666190619120733.

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The retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography was quantitatively described using log P (octanol-water partition coefficient). The hydrophobic (lipophilic) interaction liquid chromatography was then used to measure the hydrophobicity of a variety of compounds. Furthermore, the technique has been used as an analytical method to determine molecular properties during the drug discovery process. However, log P values cannot be applied to other chromatographic techniques. Therefore, the direct calculation of molecular interactions was proposed to describe the general retention mechanisms in chromatography. The retention mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography were quantitatively described in silico by using simple model compounds and phases. The competitive interactions between a bonded-phase and a solvent phase clearly demonstrated the retention mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Chromatographic behavior of acidic drugs on a pentyl-, an octyl-, and a hexenyl-phase was quantitatively described in the in silico analysis. Their retention was based on their hydrophobicity, and hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were selectivity of the hexenyl-phase. This review focuses on the quantitative explanation of the retention mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography and the practical applications in drug discovery.

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18

Grob, Konrad, and Zhangwan Li. "Damage to gas chromatographic columns caused by peroxides in liquid chromatographic eluents for coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 455 (January 1988): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)82128-2.

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19

Memon, Najma, Tahira Qureshi, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, and Muhammad Imran Malik. "Recent Trends in Fast Liquid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Analysis." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180912125155.

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Background: Liquid chromatography is the workhorse of analytical laboratories of pharmaceutical companies for analysis of bulk drug materials, intermediates, drug products, impurities and degradation products. This efficient technique is impeded by its long and tedious analysis procedures. Continuous efforts of scientists to reduce the analysis time resulted in the development of three different approaches namely, HTLC, chromatography using monolithic columns and UHPLC. Methods: Modern column technology and advances in chromatographic stationary phase including silica-based monolithic columns and reduction in particle and column size (UHPLC) have not only revolutionized the separation power of chromatographic analysis but also have remarkably reduced the analysis time. Automated ultra high-performance chromatographic systems equipped with state-ofthe- art software and detection systems have now spawned a new field of analysis, termed as Fast Liquid Chromatography (FLC). The chromatographic approaches that can be included in FLC are hightemperature liquid chromatography, chromatography using monolithic column, and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography. Results: This review summarizes the progress of FLC in pharmaceutical analysis during the period from year 2008 to 2017 focusing on detecting pharmaceutical drugs in various matrices, characterizing active compounds of natural products, and drug metabolites. High temperature, change in the mobile phase, use of monolithic columns, new non-porous, semi-porous and fully porous reduced particle size of/less than 3μm packed columns technology with high-pressure pumps have been extensively studied and successively applied to real samples. These factors revolutionized the fast high-performance separations. Conclusion: Taking into account the recent development in fast liquid chromatography approaches, future trends can be clearly predicated. UHPLC must be the most popular approach followed by the use of monolithic columns. Use of high temperatures during analysis is not a feasible approach especially for pharmaceutical analysis due to thermosensitive nature of analytes.

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20

Kostanyan, A. E., and A. A. Voshkin. "Pulsation cyclic liquid-liquid chromatography." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 43, no. 5 (October 2009): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579509050194.

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21

Tong, Shengqiang. "Liquid-liquid chromatography in enantioseparations." Journal of Chromatography A 1626 (August 2020): 461345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461345.

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22

Rawle, N. W., R. G. Willis, and J. D. Baty. "Identification of triacylglycerols by high-performance liquid chromatography-gas-liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry." Analyst 115, no. 5 (1990): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9901500521.

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23

Saad Rasheed, Ashraf, Bashaer A. Al-Phalahy, and Mustafa J. Mohammed. "Modern Chromatographic Methods for Determination Flavonoids." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.2.00.

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Flavonoids are a prominent group of plant phenolics (polyphenol group)extensively present in the human diet and associated with health promotion. Flavonoids are essential in various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic applications. To collect and categorize these compounds, we comprehensively assessedHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques published to analyze flavonoids in various matrices. Mostdocumented methods employed liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Among chromatographic techniques, reversed-phaseliquidchromatographyremains the predominant and efficient method for separating various analytes. This review explores the primary chromatographic methods used to separate and quantify flavonoids in herbs, fruits, and biological samples. This article exam inesrecent literature on applying liquid chromatography with different detection methods for analyzing flavonoids. To examine recent literature on applying liquid chromatography with different detection methods for analyzing flavonoids. It offers valuable insights to researchers as they prepare to develop quantification methods.

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24

Kataev, S. S., O. N. Dvorskaya, M. A. Gofenberg, A. V. Labutin, and A. B. Melentyev. "ANALYTICAL FEATURES OF SYNTHETIC MDMB(N)-073F CANNABIMIMETICS AND ITS MARKERS IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2019-7-4-184-197.

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The aim of the research is to study both analytical features of synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics of indazole carboxamides group by gas chromatography methods combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) as well as characteristics of the major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite, its glucuronide and derivatives, using gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric (GC-MS) detection and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with MS/MS mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in urine samples to be applied in expert practice, chemical-toxicological and forensic and chemical analyses.Materials and methods. To carry out the study, the following materials were used: plant-based objects with narcotic drugs withdrawn from illegal trafficking and applied to them;. urine samples to be studied under chemical-toxicological and forensic and chemical analyses. For solid-phase epitaxy, SampliQ EVIDEX TFE cartridges – 200 mg – 3 ml (Agilent, USA) were used for sample preparation; β-glucuronidase, Type HP-2, From Helix Pomatia, 100000 UA/ml (Sigma-ALDRICH CHEMI, Germany) was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. GC-MS/MS analysis was made using Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph with a tandem quadrupolar mass-spectrometer Agilent 7000 (Agilent, США); GC-MS analysis was carrid out using gas chromatograph Agilent 7820 with mass-selective detector Agilent 5975 (Agilent, USA); HPLC-HRMS research was made on liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 with tandem hybrid high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight detector Agilent 6540 (Agilent, США); liquid chromatograph Agilent 1260 with Agilent 6460 (Agilent, USA) with tandem mass-spectrometer were used for making HPLC-MS/MS research.Results. The structure of MDMB(N)-073F compound has been confirmed and an exact mass of the protonated molecule corresponding to the chemical formula C19H27FN3O3 fixed by GC-MS/MS and HPLC-HRMS methods. Spectral characteristics of MDMB(N)-073F have been given. One of the branches in MDMB(N)-073F biotransformation in the human body found out by GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS methods, is the ester decomposition with further conjugation of the resulting acid. The product interacting with glucuronic acid, is found to be the conjugate of major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite of the Ist phase in biotransformation. Metabolites appearing due to the ester decomposition and its conjugate with glucuronic acid, are recommended to be used as markers for synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics in the analysis by chromatographic methods; they can be used for regular screening of biological samples.Conclusion. The research results presented here, are the following: the analytical features characteristic for synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics found out by gas chromatography methods combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/ MS) and liquid chromatography of hybrid high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), as well as characteristics of major MDMB(N)-073F metabolite, its glucuronide and derivatives with the use of gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in urine samples to be applied in expert practice, chemical-toxicological, forensic and chemical analyses.

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25

Xu, Sihua, Robert A. Norton, Ferrast G. Crumley, and W. David Nes. "Comparison of the chromatographic properties of sterols, select additional steroids and triterpenoids: gravity-flow column liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas—liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 452 (October 1988): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81462-x.

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26

Schiff, Paul L. "Chromatography of Alkaloids, Part B: Gas–Liquid Chromatography and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 74, no. 10 (July 1985): 1139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600741038.

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27

Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, and Hong Gao. "Separation of Liquiritin by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1232.

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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) is an important technology for the separation and analysis of complex samples. Liquiritin, an important active component in licorice, was chosen as the target compound and it was separated by three kinds of off-line 2DLC, i.e. size exclusion chromatography × reversed phase chromatography, normal phase × reversed phase chromatography and reversed phase chromatography × reversed phase chromatography (SEC×RP, NP×RP and RP×RP). The chromatographic conditions were selected and the 2D systems were combined. The results show that it is feasible to separate Liquiritin from licorice extract using 2DLC. Among the 2D modes mentioned above, the highest purity of Liquiritin was obtained in the RP×RP mode, and the concentration of Liquiritin was increased most significantly in the NP×RP mode.

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28

Dondelinger, Robert M. "Liquid Chromatography Systems." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 46, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-46.4.299.

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29

"A Concise Review on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 8, no. 2 (July 18, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.33140/jpr.08.02.13.

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Анотація:

A review of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography included an introduction, chromatographic terms, different classes, and types of HPLC techniques. Also included a brief introduction to HPLC principle and instrumentation. Columns, pumps, and detectors used in HPLC are also included in detail with their efficiency. Applications of the HPLC and overall new advantage cues are included in this review article.: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an important qualitative and quantitative technique, generally used for the estimation of pharmaceutical and biological samples. The chromatography term is derived from the Greek words namely chroma (colour) and graphein (to write). Chromatography is defined as a set of techniques that are used for the separation of constituents in a mixture. This technique involves 2 phases stationary phase and a mobile phase. The separation of constituents is based on the difference between partition coefficients of the two phases. chromatography is a very popular technique and it is mostly used analytically. There are different types of chromatographic techniques namely Paper Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Ion exchange Chromatography, and lastly Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This review is mainly based on the HPLC technique its principle, types, instrumentation, and applications. The mixture is separated using the basic principle of column chromatography and then identified and quantified by spectroscopy. In the 1960s, the column chromatography LC with its low-pressure suitable glass columns was further developed to the HPLC with its high- pressure adapted metal columns.

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30

Ingale, Arvind, Dr Shailesh J. Wadher, Srushti Bagul, Priyanka Gujrati, and Anjali Govande. "High Performance Liquid Chromatography: An Overview." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 82, no. 2 (October 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2023.v82i02.003.

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31

Lohoyda, L. S. "Validation of assay method of nifedipine in tablets by liquid chromatography." Medical and Clinical Chemistry, no. 4 (February 17, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2016.v0.i4.7267.

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The aim of this study was the validation of methods of quantitative determination of nifedipine in tablets by liquid chromatography. The chromatographic analysis was performed on nifedipine liquid chromatograph Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC System. A validation of methods of quantitative determination of nifedipine by high performance liquid chromatography tablets was performed. It was established that the method proves the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for the main validation parameters: specificity, accuracy, linearity, robasnist. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that the developed HPLC method is fast, economical, simple, accurate and suitable for determination of nifedipine in medicines.

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32

"Liquid chromatography." Choice Reviews Online 39, no. 01 (September 1, 2001): 39–0321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-0321.

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33

"Liquid chromatography." Smart Materials Bulletin 2002, no. 9 (September 2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-3918(02)00918-8.

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34

Berek, D., and A. Russ. "Limited sample recovery in coupled methods of high-performance liquid chromatography of synthetic polymers." Chemical Papers 60, no. 3 (January 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-006-0044-6.

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AbstractComplex polymer systems, which exhibit multiple distributions in their molecular parameters can be characterized by coupled liquid chromatographic methods. The latter combine entropic (exclusion) and enthalpic (interaction) retention mechanisms. However, recent experimental results suggest that some coupled liquid chromatographic methods may suffer from incomplete sample recovery. This refers, for example, to liquid chromatography under critical conditions of enthalpic interactions and to eluent gradient liquid chromatography. Sample recovery in both latter methods was investigated for selected model systems applying adsorption retention mechanism. Reduced sample recovery was confirmed for both methods. It was revealed that even very high final strength of mobile phase may be insufficient for complete elution of polymer samples in eluent gradient polymer liquid chromatography.

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35

Sotnikova, Larisa, Larisa Sotnikova, Polina Goryunova, Polina Goryunova, Sergey Sozinov, Sergey Sozinov, Natal’ya Ivanova, and Natal’ya Ivanova. "CHROMATOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOR OF BORNYL ACETATE DIASTEREOMERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)." Science Evolution, December 30, 2017, 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-1418-2017-2-2-44-48.

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The present paper illustrates the results of the study on chromatographic behavior and optimization of some parameters of the method of quantitative determination of bornyl acetate and isobornyl acetate diastereomers under the conditions of reversed-phase high- performance liquid chromatography. Chromatography was performed with HPLC platform Agilent 1200 with diode-matrix detector and a column Agilent Zorbax XDB, Extend-C18. Detection of the studied analytes was performed at a wavelength of 210 nm. Determinationof the concentration of bornyl acetate isomers was carried out in mixture with other components of the Abiessibirica essential oil in chromatographic systems with mobile phases of acetonitrile-water or isopropyl alcohol-water. The range of analyte concentrations in a sample was varied from 2 to 430 mg/ml for bornyl acetate and from 2 to 950 mg/ml for isobornyl acetate. It is stated that in a chromatographic system with a mobile phase, based on acetonitrile, the peaks of the studied components have an asymmetric shape, and the retention times of analytes increase with the decrease of their concentrations in a sample. In a chromatographic system with isopropyl alcohol the asymmetry of the bornyl acetate peak disappears, the width decreases and the retention time stabilizes. For isobornyl acetate a peak width also decreases, its asymmetry is preserved, but at the same time, the asymmetry coefficient takes on permitted values (less than 2). Calibration charts for the mentioned compounds in the used eluents are linear throughout the studiedconcentration range with correlation coefficients of R2>0.998. Thus, the conducted researches allow to recommend the reversed-phaseHPLC variant for the separate quantitative determination of bornyl acetate and isobornyl acetate in the pine oil samples.

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36

Bhattacharya, Kunal, Nongmaithem Randhoni Chanu, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Bhargab Jyoti Sahariah, Chanam Melody Devi, and Ripunjoy Bordoloi. "Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography - An Updated Review." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, December 24, 2022, 5849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00987.

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Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) has an advantage over conventional High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as UPLC offers substantial resolution, speed, and sensitivity during analysis. This advanced chromatographic technique uses sub-2μm particles for the stationary phase. As a result, it saves time and reduces solvent consumption, which allows it to take less run time and makes it highly efficient.

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37

Kavya, R., K. Bhavya Sri, D. Anil, and Mogili Sumakanth. "Qualification and Calibration of Hyphenated Techniques Liquid Chromatography: Mass Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 84, no. 3 (March 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2024.v84i03.027.

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38

Kaur, Gagandeep, Sonali Garg, Pratima Sharma, and Dhiraj Sud. "A Review on High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for determination of Metformin." Current Analytical Chemistry 16 (March 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016666200310141939.

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Background: The presence of pharmaceuticals (PACs) drugs in the environment and their detection and quantification have emerged as one of the challenging issues for the scientific community. Introduction: The gold standard, an anti-diabetic drug, Metformin has a strong potential to contaminate the aquatic bodies, being a highly polar drug. Different analytical methods based on spectroscopic evaluation or chromatographic techniques have been developed to find out the concentration of drug/ their metabolites. Methods: This review article discussed the chromatographic techniques for analysis of Metformin (in ng/L to μg/L) in aqueous samples, pharmaceutical drugs and biological fluids such as urine and human plasma are High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), High-Performance Thin-layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography HILIC–MS/MS, Liquid Chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS), Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). Result: The relevance modifications of traditional HPLC methods for separation of the mixture of drugs with a focus on the lesser time, better resolution, sensitivity, symmetry of peaks, the limit of detection and accuracy of the results has been envisaged through research findings. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) – tandem mass spectrometry method offered the possible solution for highly polar drugs detection and quantification in effluent and surface water samples. Conclusion: HPLC based analytical techniques offer the advantages viz. less time requirement, minimum usage of organic solvents and better separation and quantification of Metformin. The futuristic research approach lies in the development of newer extraction strategies, mobile phases and adsorbent materials for the HPLC based separations.

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39

Chavda, Nirma, and Suresh Kumar. "A Review article on Analytical Method Development for the combination of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, August 16, 2021, 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/2231-5675.2021.00040.

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The literature survey explains that there is not any stability indicating method reportedly for combination of Azelnidipine and Telmisartan till date. Validation and development of stability indicating analytical methods is possible as per ICH Guidelines. There are several of Spectroscopic methods such as Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Chromatographic methods such as High performance liquid chromatography, Thin layer Chromatography, High Performance thin layer chromatography, Gas chromatography and Ultra performance liquid chromatography etc. used for stability indicating method development and validation.

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40

Boltia, Shereen A., Shrouk E. Algmaal, Nadia M. Mostafa, and Yasser S. El Saharty. "Validated Smart Different Chromatographic Methods for Selective Quantification of Acefylline Piperazine, Phenobarbital Sodium and Methylparaben Additive in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form." Journal of Chromatographic Science, January 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmac003.

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Abstract Two chromatographic methods have been proposed for the simultaneous determination of acefylline piperazine (ACEF) and phenobarbital (PHENO) in presence of methylparaben as additive in pharmaceutical dosage form. The first method was thin-layer chromatography. The separation was achieved using silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform: methanol: glacial acetic acid (2.0, 8.0 and 0.1, by volume) as a developing system at 254 nm. Accurate determination of both drugs was attained over the concentration range of 0.5–25 μg/band. The second method was based on the use of reversed phase liquid chromatography with diode array detection, by which the proposed components were separated on a reversed phase C18 analytical column using methanol: water (60: 40, by volume) as a mobile phase with flow rate of 0.8 mL/min at 214 nm in a concentration range of 0.5–100 μg/mL. The proposed chromatographic methods were practiced successfully for the determination of ACEF and PHENO in pharmaceutical dosage form. Both methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and statistically compared with a reported high-performance liquid chromatograph method. Planar chromatography has never been proposed in the literature for ACEF and PHENO determination besides the proposed columnar chromatographic method using an isocratic eco-friendly mobile phase.

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41

"Basic liquid chromatography." Choice Reviews Online 37, no. 12 (August 1, 2000): 37Sup—280–37Sup—280. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.37sup-280.

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42

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 32, no. 11-12 (May 19, 2009): 1828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070902959687.

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43

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 32, no. 16 (September 4, 2009): 2462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070903209629.

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44

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 32, no. 20 (November 12, 2009): 3093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070903320814.

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45

"LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CALENDAR." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 33, no. 4 (January 29, 2010): 588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070903574683.

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46

"LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CALENDAR." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 33, no. 5 (February 16, 2010): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826071003608967.

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47

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 11, no. 2 (February 1988): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918809349960.

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48

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 14, no. 9 (June 1991): 1829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483919108049656.

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49

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 28, no. 15 (September 2005): 2459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070500227354.

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50

"Liquid Chromatography Calendar." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 28, no. 18 (October 2005): 2991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070500274646.

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