Готові списки джерел за темами / Lipid content of extracellular polymer

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Lipid content of extracellular polymer".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

Janecka, J., M. B. Jenkins, N. S. Brackett, L. W. Lion, and W. C. Ghiorse. "Characterization of a Sinorhizobium Isolate and Its Extracellular Polymer Implicated in Pollutant Transport in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 1 (January 2002): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.423-426.2002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACT A bacterium isolated from soil (designated 9702-M4) synthesizes an extracellular polymer that facilitates the transport of such hydrophobic pollutants as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the toxic metals lead and cadmium in soil. Biolog analysis, growth rate determinations, and percent G+C content identify 9702-M4 as a strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Sequence analysis of a 16S rDNA fragment gives 9702-M4 a phylogenetic designation most closely related to Sinorhizobium fredii. The extracellular polymer of isolate 9702-M4 is composed of both an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and a rough lipopolysaccharide. The EPS component is composed mainly of 4-glucose linkages with monomers of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid and has pyruval and acetyl constituents. The lipid fraction and the negative charge associated with carbonyl groups of the exopolymer are thought to account for the binding of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and cationic metals.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Claus, Claudia, Robert Fritz, Erik Schilling, and Uta Reibetanz. "The Metabolic Response of Various Cell Lines to Microtubule-Driven Uptake of Lipid- and Polymer-Coated Layer-by-Layer Microcarriers." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091441.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lipid structures, such as liposomes or micelles, are of high interest as an approach to support the transport and delivery of active agents as a drug delivery system. However, there are many open questions regarding their uptake and impact on cellular metabolism. In this study, lipid structures were assembled as a supported lipid bilayer on top of biopolymer-coated microcarriers based on the Layer-by-Layer assembly strategy. The functionalized microcarriers were then applied to various human and animal cell lines in addition to primary human macrophages (MΦ). Here, their influence on cellular metabolism and their intracellular localization were detected by extracellular flux analysis and immunofluorescence analysis, respectively. The impact of microcarriers on metabolic parameters was in most cell types rather low. However, lipid bilayer-supported microcarriers induced a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR, indicative for mitochondrial respiration) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR, indicative for glycolysis) in Vero cells. Additionally, in Vero cells lipid bilayer microcarriers showed a more pronounced association with microtubule filaments than polymer-coated microcarrier. Furthermore, they localized to a perinuclear region and induced nuclei with some deformations at a higher rate than unfunctionalized carriers. This association was reduced through the application of the microtubule polymerization inhibitor nocodazole. Thus, the effect of respective lipid structures as a drug delivery system on cells has to be considered in the context of the respective target cell, but in general can be regarded as rather low.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dregulo, A. M. "A STUDY OF HEAVY METAL COMPOSITIONS AND PHOSPHATES IN POLYMER SUBSTANCES OF THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE BIOMASS." Water and Ecology 25, no. 3 (2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.3.8-13.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Introduction. Heavy metals discharged with wastewater can lead to a toxic effect on the microbiocenosis of activated sludge and significantly decrease the degree of wastewater treatment, which dictates the need for a more detailed study and search for ways to detoxify activated sludge at the recycling stage and, at the same time, solve the problems of the neutralization of sewage sludge for safe soil disposal. To ensure the adequacy of the approach to the choice of the methodology for the neutralization of sludge, including sewage sludge, it is necessary to perform compositional analysis of their organic fractions and heavy metal compositions. Methods. To determine the quantitative content of organic components in activated sludge, a sample of sludge was dried to an air-dry state and then subjected to separation into fractions using a method based on the different solubility of compounds with the use of different solvents. Then, extractants were added step by step to the weighted samples of sewage sludge weighing about 2 g each (in a volume 20 times greater than the weight of the weighted sample (40 ml)). Results. The results of the study show that polysaccharides are the dominant form of the organic fraction (polymers) in sewage sludge. Most heavy metals were identified in acidic polysaccharides, humic-like acids and lipids. Significant concentrations of phosphates were observed for the same components of polymer substances in the biomass of activated sludges. Conclusion. The products of extraction of polymer substances of the activated sludge biomass and the content of heavy metals in them may indicate the biosorption of heavy metals by zoogleal accumulations (having a polysaccharide structure) of activated sludges in aeration tanks during biological treatment. Therefore, extracellular biopolymers can be a “target” in the development of targeted technologies for the neutralization of activated sludges.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Gavalás-Olea, Antonio, Antje Siol, Yvonne Sakka, Jan Köser, Nina Nentwig, Thomas Hauser, Juliane Filser, Jorg Thöming, and Imke Lang. "Potential of the Red Alga Dixoniella grisea for the Production of Additives for Lubricants." Plants 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091836.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There is an increasing interest in algae-based raw materials for medical, cosmetic or nutraceutical applications. Additionally, the high diversity of physicochemical properties of the different algal metabolites proposes these substances from microalgae as possible additives in the chemical industry. Among the wide range of natural products from red microalgae, research has mainly focused on extracellular polymers for additive use, while this study also considers the cellular components. The aim of the present study is to analytically characterize the extra- and intracellular molecular composition from the red microalga Dixoniella grisea and to evaluate its potential for being used in the tribological industry. D. grisea samples, fractionated into extracellular polymers (EPS), cells and medium, were examined for their molecular composition. This alga produces a highly viscous polymer, mainly composed of polysaccharides and proteins, being secreted into the culture medium. The EPS and biomass significantly differed in their molecular composition, indicating that they might be used for different bio-additive products. We also show that polysaccharides and proteins were the major chemical compounds in EPS, whereas the content of lipids depended on the separation protocol and the resulting product. Still, they did not represent a major group and were thus classified as a potential valuable side-product. Lyophilized algal fractions obtained from D. grisea were found to be not toxic when EPS were not included. Upon implementation of EPS as a commercial product, further assessment on the environmental toxicity to enchytraeids and other soil organisms is required. Our results provide a possible direction for developing a process to gain an environmentally friendly bio-additive for application in the tribological industry based on a biorefinery approach.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kistriyani, Lilis, Zainus Salimin, and Achmad Chafidz. "Utilization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) immobilized in epoxy polymer as double ion exchanger biosorbent for removal of chromium from aqueous solution." Communications in Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21924/cst.5.1.2020.179.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cation and industrial pollutant anions are removed from wastewater using organic cation and anion exchange resin. "Extracellular Polymeric Substance" (EPS) from bacterial extraction can accumulate cation and anion elements through biosorption by adsorption mechanism, ion exchange, formation of complex compounds and hydrogen bonds. EPS can be used as an biosorbent and ion exchange bioresin replacing organic resins, because EPS contains organic functional groups that are negatively charged (RCOOH, ROPO3H, ROPO3Na, ROSO3H, ROSO3Na, etc.) cation absorbers and positively charged (ROH, RCNH2HCOOH, etc.) anion absorber. EPS consists of 40-95% polysaccharide compounds, protein 1-60%, nucleic acids 1-10%, lipids 1-10% and the remaining amino acid polymers and other compounds. The tannery industry produces trivalent (Cr+3) chromium pollutants at levels of 15.2 ppm and hexavalent (CrO4-2 or Cr2O7-2) levels of 0.77 ppm which exceeds the standard quality for a total Cr of 0.6 ppm. Cr pollutants are very dangerous for human health. Research had been done on the use of immobilized EPS bioresin in epoxy polymers for chromium binding. EPS was extracted from bacterial activated sludge by centrifugation at 9000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4°C, the filtrate was EPS. The analysis showed EPS content were 16% fat, 12% carbohydrate, and 16% protein. The functional group analysis results with infrared ray spectroscopy (FTIR) showed EPS containing chemical bonds such as -CH, -OH, -NH, and -C=O which proved that EPS extraction contained RCOOH, ROH, and RCNH2HCOOH functional components which were exchanging components cations and anions. Epoxy polymers were prepared by mixing bisphenol A monomers and 1: 1 ratio epichlorohydrin. Immobilized EPS double ion exchange biorecin in epoxy polymers was prepared by mixing 200 mg EPS and 1800 mg epoxy. The binding of chromium ions in the resin was carried out by recirculating the chromium solution through a burette column filled with 2 rams of bioresin at pH 5, 6 and 7. The optimum results gave chromium ion absorption efficiency of 89.20% at pH 5. Column operations could be optimized by varied the amount of bioresin used.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Miot, Jennyfer, Karim Benzerara, Martin Obst, Andreas Kappler, Florian Hegler, Sebastian Schï¿½dler, Camille Bouchez, Franï¿½ois Guyot, and Guillaume Morin. "Extracellular Iron Biomineralization by Photoautotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 17 (July 10, 2009): 5586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00490-09.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACT Iron oxidation at neutral pH by the phototrophic anaerobic iron-oxidizing bacterium Rhodobacter sp. strain SW2 leads to the formation of iron-rich minerals. These minerals consist mainly of nano-goethite (α-FeOOH), which precipitates exclusively outside cells, mostly on polymer fibers emerging from the cells. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analyses performed at the C K-edge suggest that these fibers are composed of a mixture of lipids and polysaccharides or of lipopolysaccharides. The iron and the organic carbon contents of these fibers are linearly correlated at the 25-nm scale, which in addition to their texture suggests that these fibers act as a template for mineral precipitation, followed by limited crystal growth. Moreover, we evidence a gradient of the iron oxidation state along the mineralized fibers at the submicrometer scale. Fe minerals on these fibers contain a higher proportion of Fe(III) at cell contact, and the proportion of Fe(II) increases at a distance from the cells. All together, these results demonstrate the primordial role of organic polymers in iron biomineralization and provide first evidence for the existence of a redox gradient around these nonencrusting, Fe-oxidizing bacteria.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Karaz, Selcan, Mertcan Han, Gizem Akay, Asim Onal, Sedat Nizamoglu, Seda Kizilel, and Erkan Senses. "Multiscale Dynamics of Lipid Vesicles in Polymeric Microenvironment." Membranes 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070640.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Understanding dynamic and complex interaction of biological membranes with extracellular matrices plays a crucial role in controlling a variety of cell behavior and functions, from cell adhesion and growth to signaling and differentiation. Tremendous interest in tissue engineering has made it possible to design polymeric scaffolds mimicking the topology and mechanical properties of the native extracellular microenvironment; however, a fundamental question remains unanswered: that is, how the viscoelastic extracellular environment modifies the hierarchical dynamics of lipid membranes. In this work, we used aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights to mimic the viscous medium of cells and nearly monodisperse unilamellar DMPC/DMPG liposomes as a membrane model. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering, temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, bulk rheology, and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy, we investigated the structural phase map and multiscale dynamics of the liposome–polymer mixtures. The results suggest an unprecedented dynamic coupling between polymer chains and phospholipid bilayers at different length/time scales. The microviscosity of the lipid bilayers is directly influenced by the relaxation of the whole chain, resulting in accelerated dynamics of lipids within the bilayers in the case of short chains compared to the polymer-free liposome case. At the macroscopic level, the gel-to-fluid transition of the bilayers results in a remarkable thermal-stiffening behavior of polymer–liposome solutions that can be modified by the concentration of the liposomes and the polymer chain length.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Li, Yiyong, Wanyi Luo, Wen Liu, Yongcong Yang, Zexiang Lei, Xueqin Tao, and Baoe Wang. "C058 and Other Functional Microorganisms Promote the Synthesis of Extracellular Polymer Substances in Mycelium Biofloc." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070693.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The mycelium biofloc bioaugmented by Cordyceps strain C058 effectively purifies water, which may be related to the synthesis of extracellular polymer substances. To verify this conjecture, we analyzed the changes in extracellular polymer substances content in the mycelium biofloc under various hydraulic retention times (36 h, 18 h, and 11 h). The microstructure and microflora composition were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and high-throughput sequencing. The ordinary biofloc without bioaugmentation was taken as a control. The results showed that under the above hydraulic retention time, the extracellular polymer substances contents of the mycelium biofloc were 51.20, 55.89, and 33.84 mg/g, respectively, higher than that of the ordinary biofloc (14.58, 15.72, and 18.19 mg/g). The protein content or the polysaccharide content also followed the same trend. Meanwhile, the sedimentation performance of the mycelium biofloc was better than that of the ordinary biofloc, attributed to the content of the extracellular polymer substances. It is worth noting that C058 is the main biofloc content, which promotes the synthesis of extracellular polymer substances in the mycelium biofloc. Other functional microorganisms in the mycelium biofloc were Janthinobacterium, Phormidium, Leptolyngbya, Hymenobacter, and Spirotrichea, which also promote the synthesis of extracellular polymer substances.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Houghton, Jennifer I., and Tom Stephenson. "Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability." Water Research 36, no. 14 (August 2002): 3620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00055-6.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Seneviratne, Rashmi, Rosa Catania, Michael Rappolt, Lars J. C. Jeuken, and Paul A. Beales. "Membrane mixing and dynamics in hybrid POPC/poly(1,2-butadiene-block-ethylene oxide) (PBd-b-PEO) lipid/block co-polymer giant vesicles." Soft Matter 18, no. 6 (2022): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01591e.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

Hami, Seno Djarot Sasongko. "Comparative analysis of two attachment variants of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/62572.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The attachment of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens to surfaces was studied. B. fibrisolvens strain E14, sticky (S) and loose (L) that had been reported previously (Nili and Brooker 1995) were used as models. In preliminary studies, the two cell types were compared; studies included physical and growth characteristics in defined, solid or liquid medium containing various carbon sources, the presence of compounds that may induce or inhibit attachment, and their phenotypic stability. Extracellular protein, chromosomal DNA, plasmid and 16S rDNA profiles of the two variants were examined. Compared to the non-adhering L cells, the adhering S cells were shinier, spherical, more intensely pigmented (yellow), more firmly attached to the agar surface and could only be removed with scraping. After longer incubation, the cells were released from the agar but the colonies tended to stick together, and only became separable when further incubated. In contrast, the L cells were non spherical, loosely attached to the agar and separable at all stages of growth. In liquid medium, the S cells tended to clump during the early stages of growth, and be dispersed at later stages. The L cells were dispersed throughout the medium at all stages of growth. The phenotypes of the 2 variants were stable; both variants maintained their characteristics through multiple passages on solid and in liquid medium. The presence of molecules that induced attachment of S or inhibited attachment of L cells were not detected, but it was noted that S cells produced more extensive extracellular polymer than did L cells. The extracellular proteins, chromosomal DNA, endogenous plasmid, and 16S rDNA profiles of the two variants were identical, indicating that they were of the same species. The effect of attachment on nutrient utilisation was studied by comparing the growth of the two variants in various carbon or nitrogen sources, as well as their xylanase, CMCase and proteolytic activities. Although not significant, the attachment of S cells seemed to have a slight effect on nutrient utilisation, compared to L cells. The morphology of the variants were compared and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Extracellular polymer (EP) biosynthesis and attachment was studied using S and L samples prepared at various stages of growth. The effect of carbon source on morphology was studied using S and L samples prepared from cells grown in the presence of various carbon sources. The L cells seemed unable to spread EP to surfaces or to neighbouring cells, forming globular EP. Compared to other soluble carbon sources, cellobiose seemed to induce more globular (condensed) EP and less polymer spreading. It was also observed that EP might be secreted to the medium at stationary phase. The level of EP production as well as its monosaccharide and fatty acid composition between S and L cells was compared. The cell associated, secreted or total EP was isolated using gradient centrifugation, cell free medium (Stack 1988) or plate (Berri and Rollings 1995) methods, respectively. The effect of carbon source on the level of EP as well as the monosaccharide and fatty acid composition was also studied. The S cells tended to produce more EP than the L cells; the maximum ratio of EP production between S and L cells was approximately 2:1. There were no differences in the monosaccharide and fatty acid compositions between S and L EP, but the proportions of components did differ. This was most pronounced in lipid, especially C16:0 content, which was much higher in S than in L EP. Compared to other soluble carbon sources, less EP and reduced C16:0 was produced in cells grown on cellobiose. It was observed that the S and L EP behaved differently during phenol or water/methanolchloroform extraction, which suggested property differences between their EP. The C16:0 may reflect the presence of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and there were indications that there may be an association between LTA and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) in S but not in L EP. An attempt was made to isolate attachment gene(s). S chromosomal DNA was electroporated into competent E. coli or B. fibrisolvens E14 L cells using pBHerm plasmid as a vector. No sticky E. coli transformants were observed, but sticky-like transformants were observed from L cells that were transformed with S DNA. These transformants were stable through 5 passages under selection pressure (10 g/ml of erythromycin), although some revertants were observed after the 3rd passage when the passage was carried out without selection. Total chromosomal DNA and 16 S rDNA profiles of the transformants were identical to the original variants, and together with hybridisation analysis suggested that the transformants and the variants were related. There were indications that chromosomal integration occurred within the sticky-like transformants, probably due to homology between the donor and the host DNA. These studies have shown that B. fibrisolvens strain E14 S and L cells are closely related and that attachment of S cells is associated with characteristics and lipid content of their EP. Genetic complementation studies suggest that a change in attachment phenotype can be brought about by chromosomal integration.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2010

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Книги з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

Chandaroy, Parthapratim. Control of cell-liposome adhesion and liposome content release by thermally regulating polymer-lipid bilayer interaction. Buffalo, NY: State University of New York, 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Частини книг з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

Bulbake, Upendra, Anjali Jain, and Wahid Khan. "Nanocarriers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene Delivery Application." In Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Contemporary Healthcare Applications, 357–80. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4781-5.ch013.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Gene therapy is the emerging trend in biomedical science for treatment of life-threatening diseases. This involves delivery of a therapeutic gene to the nucleus of an affected cell by a suitable vector. Gene delivery using non-viral vectors such as cationic polymer and lipid is gaining attention due to their favourable properties, including lack of immunogenicity, low toxicity, and potential for tissue specificity when compared with viral vectors. A variety of non-viral vectors have been proposed, most of which facilitate gene delivery by electrostatic interactions, encapsulation, and in some cases, condensing nucleic acids into nano-sized particles which can then be taken up by cells. Successful gene delivery within a cell is the nanocarrier's ability to protect its contents from degradation in the extracellular environment. A well-designed nanocarrier will promote cellular uptake and intracellular release of the nucleic acid. This chapter highlights different polymers, lipids, and their nanocarriers employed for gene delivery along with clinical trials.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

"maize, 1.4-2.7%; of waxy barley, 2.1-8.3%; and of waxy swell only slightly in cold water. Granules differ in size rice 0-2.3%; thus the range of amylose contents of the and shape among plants. For example, corn starch has an waxy wheats is comparable to that of other waxy cereal average diameter of about 15 1.1,M, wheat starch has a bi-grains. Biochemical features of starch from waxy wheats modal size distribution of 25-40 and 5-10 [tm, potato are similar to those of waxy maize [71]. starch has an average size of 40 WTI, and rice starch has an Starch from barley contains 22-26% amylose, the rest average size of 5µm [99]. being amylopectin [28]. However, samples of 11-26% The particle sizes of starch granules have recently re-amylose are known, and starch from waxy barley contains ceived much attention because of their important roles in only 0-3% amylose, while high-amylose starches contain determining both the taste and mouthfeel of fat substitutes up to 45%. and the tensible properties of degradable plastic films. Amylose content of rice is categorized as very low Daniel and Whistler [39] reported that small-granule (0-9%), low (9-20%), intermediate (20-25%), or high starch about 2 !um in diameter, or similar in size to the lipid (25-33%) [124]. The amylose content of long grain rice micelle, had advantages as a fat substitute. Lim et al. [117] ranges from 23 to 26%, while medium grain ranges from investigated the use of starches of different particle size in 15 to 20% and short grain ranges from 18 to 20% [103]. degradable plastic film. They reported that a linear correla-Oat amylose content (16-27%) is similar to that of tion between film thickness and particle size and an in-wheat starch, but oat amylose is more linear and oat amy-verse linear correlation between film thickness and particle lopectin is more branched than that found in wheat [121]. size. Small-granule starches may also be used as face pow-Most sorghum starch is similar in composition to corn der or dusting powder, as a stabilizer in baking powder, and contains 70-80% branched amylopectin and 21-28% and as laundry-stiffening agents. amylose [127]. However, waxy or glutinous sorghum con-The size of the wheat starch granule is 1-30 lam, the tains starch with 100% amylopectin and has unique prop-size distribution being bimodal. Such a bimodal size distri-erties similar to waxy corn [158]. Badi et al. [11] reported bution is characteristic of wheat starch, as well as of rye 17% amylose in starch from one pearl milled population. and barley starches. Wheat starch consists of two basic Gracza [69] reviewed the minor constituents of starch. forms: small spherical granules (about 5-10 wri) and larg-Cereal starches contain low levels of lipids. Usually, the er lenticular granules (about 25-4011m). The small B-gran-lipids associated with starch are polar lipids. Generally, the ules are spherical and have a diameter of less than 10 wrt; level of lipids in cereal starch is between 0.5 and 1%. Be-a mean value of about 4 lam has been reported. The large sides low levels of other minerals, starches contain phos-A-granules are lenticular and have a diameter greater than phorus and nitrogen. In the cereals, phosphorus occurs 10 lam, with a mean 14.11.1m. In reality, the granules have a mostly in the form of phospholipids. The nitrogen is gener-continuous distribution of granule size within the range ally considered to be present as protein, but it may also be designated for that starch. Amylose and amylopectin are a constituent of the lipid fraction. intermixed and distributed evenly throughout the granule. The interaction between amylose and lipids is more Many believe that the composition and properties of small powerful by far than that between amylopectin and lipids and large granules are similar, but this is a subject of some [55]. It is well established that polar lipids (e.g., mono-argument and the subject of many research studies [42]. glycerides, fatty acids, and similar compounds) form a hel-Kulp [110] evaluated the fundamental and bread-mak-ical inclusion complex with the amylose molecule, be-ing properties of small wheat starch granules and com-tween the hydrocarbon chain of the lipid and the interior of pared them with those of regular starch. Small granules the amylose helix. were found to be lower in iodine affinity, indicating differ-ences in amylose levels or some fundamental structural differences. Gelatinization temperature ranges, water-binding capacities, and enzymic susceptibilities of small Starch is laid down in the shape of particles in special amy-granules were higher than those of regular ones. loplast cells in the plant. These particles are called gran-Rice has one of the smallest starch granules of cereal ules, and they are the means by which the plant stores en-grains, ranging in size from 3 to 5 pm in the mature grain, ergy for the carbohydrate in a space-saving way, but also to although the small granules of wheat starch are almost the make the energy easily accessible when the seed germi-same size [33]. The small granule size of that starch results nates [57]. One starch granule is synthesized in each amy-in physical properties that make it useful as a dusting flour loplast, and the shape and size of a starch granule is typical in bakeries. Rice starch amyloses have degree of polymer-of its botanical origin. ization (DP) values of 1000-1100 and average chain Starch granules are relatively dense, insoluble, and lengths of 250-320. These structural properties of amylose." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 405–32. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-41.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lipid content of extracellular polymer"

O’Connell, Grace D., Clare Gollnick, Gerard A. Ateshian, Ravi V. Bellamkonda, and Clark T. Hung. "Lipid Mictrotubes as a Nutrient Reservoir or Enzyme Delivery Vehicle in Engineered Cartilage." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80472.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tissue-engineered cartilage using a hydrogel scaffold is capable of achieving native compressive properties and glycosaminglycan (GAG) content [1]. However, these tissues are limited in their collagen production and closer inspection of the localized mechanical properties demonstrates that mature constructs consist of a stiffer periphery region surrounding a softer core [1, 2]. Nutrient diffusion becomes increasingly more challenging as the cells in the construct periphery deposit extracellular matrix. Altering the scaffold porosity by adding microscopic porogens can improve the nutrient diffusion into the center of the construct [3]. Furthermore, chondroitinase ABC (chABC) has been shown to improve collagen production of mature engineered cartilage (i.e. tissue cultured for 2–4 weeks before chABC digestion). Lipid microtubes, designed to slowly release chABC for spinal chord injury repair can be incorporated into our agarose hydrogel scaffold in a chABC-loaded or unloaded form. The objective of this study was to explore the use of lipid microtubes in our scaffold as a tubular porogen and as a vehicle to deliver chABC throughout the scaffold to improve nutrient diffusion and collagen production into our engineered constructs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dalle Vacche, Sara. "Biobased composites from renewable monomers and cellulosic reinforcements by photoinduced processes." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ingy4050.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Polymeric materials are under tremendous pressure for improving their greenness: despite their important role in several essential aspects of human life, in public opinion they are mostly associated with single-use plastics pollution and use of fossil resources. Sustainable polymer-based materials may be prepared from biobased monomers and polymers, through photoinduced processes. Owing to low energy requirements, high reaction rates at room temperature, and low VOC emissions, photoinduced polymerization is recognized as a green technology. Among the biobased monomers explored in this field, those derived from cardanol (a natural phenolic lipid obtained from cashew nutshell liquid) and from unsaturated vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, are interesting for industrial applications, beingÂ commercially available.However, polymers obtained by photoinduced polymerization of biobased monomers often have low thermomechanical properties; biobased monomers are thus typically used as co-monomers to increase the biobased content of fossil-based polymers, in non-structural applications, such as coating or adhesives, or are added with reinforcements to obtain composite materials. The latter option is particularly interesting when natural fillers, such as cellulosic fibers, are used, thus obtaining fully biobased composites. In our group we exploited photoinduced reactions to produce compositesÂ from biobased monomers, using wood-based microfibrillated cellulose and nanocellulose from hemp waste fibers as reinforcements. Two routes were explored: (i) epoxidized and (meth)acrylated monomers derived from cardanol and from soybean oil, were polymerized by photoinduced radical or cationic chain growth reactions; (ii) copolymer latexes obtained from derivatives of eugenol and coumarin were crosslinked through a photocycloaddition reaction. In the latter case, the potential reversibility of the crosslinking was explored in view of recyclability. The photoinduced polymerization and crosslinking reactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies; high degrees of conversion were obtained. The thermal, mechanical, and functional properties of these composites make them interesting for e.g packaging applications.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dalle Vacche, Sara. "Bio-based cationic waterborne polyurethane dispersions from high oleic soybean oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xdga8424.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Polymeric materials are under tremendous pressure for improving their greenness: despite their important role in several essential aspects of human life, in public opinion they are mostly associated with single-use plastics pollution and use of fossil resources. Sustainable polymer-based materials may be prepared from biobased monomers and polymers, through photoinduced processes. Owing to low energy requirements, high reaction rates at room temperature, and low VOC emissions, photoinduced polymerization is recognized as a green technology. Among the biobased monomers explored in this field, those derived from cardanol (a natural phenolic lipid obtained from cashew nutshell liquid) and from unsaturated vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, are interesting for industrial applications, being commercially available. However, polymers obtained by photoinduced polymerization of biobased monomers often have low thermomechanical properties; biobased monomers are thus typically used as co-monomers to increase the biobased content of fossil-based polymers, in non-structural applications, such as coating or adhesives, or are added with reinforcements to obtain composite materials. The latter option is particularly interesting when natural fillers, such as cellulosic fibers, are used, thus obtaining fully biobased composites. In our group we exploited photoinduced reactions to produce composites from biobased monomers, using wood-based microfibrillated cellulose and nanocellulose from hemp waste fibers as reinforcements. Two routes were explored: (i) epoxidized and (meth)acrylated monomers derived from cardanol and from soybean oil, were polymerized by photoinduced radical or cationic chain growth reactions; (ii) copolymer latexes obtained from derivatives of eugenol and coumarin were crosslinked through a photocycloaddition reaction. In the latter case, the potential reversibility of the crosslinking was explored in view of recyclability. The photoinduced polymerization and crosslinking reactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies; high degrees of conversion were obtained. The thermal, mechanical, and functional properties of these composites make them interesting for e.g., packaging applications.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!