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Статті в журналах з теми "Link key discovery":
1
Shi, Yu, Zihao Liu, Qun Lin, Qing Luo, Yinghuan Cen, Juanmei Li, Xiaolin Fang, and Chang Gong. "MiRNAs and Cancer: Key Link in Diagnosis and Therapy." Genes 12, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081289.
Анотація:
Since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the exploration of miRNA biology has come to a new era in recent decades. Monumental studies have proven that miRNAs can be dysregulated in different types of cancers and the roles of miRNAs turn out to function to either tumor promoters or tumor suppressors. The interplay between miRNAs and the development of cancers has grabbed attention of miRNAs as novel tools and targets for therapeutic attempts. Moreover, the development of miRNA delivery system accelerates miRNA preclinical implications. In this review, we depict recent advances of miRNAs in cancer and discuss the potential diagnostic or therapeutic approaches of miRNAs.
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Chou, Li-Der, Chien-Chang Liu, Meng-Sheng Lai, Kai-Cheng Chiu, Hsuan-Hao Tu, Sen Su, Chun-Lin Lai, Chia-Kuan Yen, and Wei-Hsiang Tsai. "Behavior Anomaly Detection in SDN Control Plane: A Case Study of Topology Discovery Attacks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (November 20, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8898949.
Анотація:
Software-defined networking controllers use the OpenFlow discovery protocol (OFDP) to collect network topology status. The OFDP detects the link between switches by generating link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) packets. However, OFDP is not a security protocol. Attackers can use it to perform topology discovery via injection, man-in-the-middle, and flooding attacks to confuse the network topology. This study proposes a correlation-based topology anomaly detection mechanism. Spearman’s rank correlation is used to analyze the network traffic between links and measure the round-trip time of each LLDP frame to determine whether a topology discovery via man-in-the-middle attack exists. This study also adds a dynamic authentication key and counting mechanism in the LLDP frame to prevent attackers from using topology discovery via injection attack to generate fake links and topology discovery via flooding attack to cause network routing or switching abnormalities.
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Li, Yan, Weiguo Li, Xin Chen, Hong Jiang, Jiatong Sun, Huan Chen, and Sali Lv. "Integrated Analysis Identifies Interaction Patterns between Small Molecules and Pathways." BioMed Research International 2014 (July 13, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/931825.
Анотація:
Previous studies have indicated that the downstream proteins in a key pathway can be potential drug targets and that the pathway can play an important role in the action of drugs. So pathways could be considered as targets of small molecules. A link map between small molecules and pathways was constructed using gene expression profile, pathways, and gene expression of cancer cell line intervened by small molecules and then we analysed the topological characteristics of the link map. Three link patterns were identified based on different drug discovery implications for breast, liver, and lung cancer. Furthermore, molecules that significantly targeted the same pathways tended to treat the same diseases. These results can provide a valuable reference for identifying drug candidates and targets in molecularly targeted therapy.
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Landi, Sofia M., Pooja Viswanathan, Stephen Serene, and Winrich A. Freiwald. "A fast link between face perception and memory in the temporal pole." Science 373, no. 6554 (July 1, 2021): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6671.
Анотація:
The question of how the brain recognizes the faces of familiar individuals has been important throughout the history of neuroscience. Cells linking visual processing to person memory have been proposed but not found. Here, we report the discovery of such cells through recordings from an area in the macaque temporal pole identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging. These cells responded to faces that were personally familiar. They responded nonlinearly to stepwise changes in face visibility and detail and holistically to face parts, reflecting key signatures of familiar face recognition. They discriminated between familiar identities, as fast as a general face identity area. The discovery of these cells establishes a new pathway for the fast recognition of familiar individuals.
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Kellner, Franziska, Fernando Geu-Flores, Nathaniel H. Sherden, Stephanie Brown, Emilien Foureau, Vincent Courdavault, and Sarah E. O'Connor. "Discovery of a P450-catalyzed step in vindoline biosynthesis: a link between the aspidosperma and eburnamine alkaloids." Chemical Communications 51, no. 36 (2015): 7626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01309g.
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Jumiati, Rinda, Boy Chandra, and Dan Ridho Asra. "Drug Discovery of Griseofulvin : A Review." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.993.
Анотація:
Background: Griseofulvin is a fungistatic antifungal drug used to treat dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes that are often found include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum.
Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the drug discovery review of griseofulvin.
Data Source: The author created this review article using the literature study method relevant to the purpose of the review. Sources of information from national journals and international journals that are accessed through online sites such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and NCBI. Key words were used to find the journals, namely griseofulvin, dermatophyte, toxicity.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that griseofulvin is used as an antifungal drug containing chlorine from Penicillium griseofulvum isolated against mycelium fungus. This drug is non-toxic, so it is effective and safe to fight various types of fungal infections of the skin such as tinea capitis and remains the drug of choice for dermatophytes.
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O’Mahony, Mairin. "Self-discovered breast cancer symptoms and women's help seeking behaviour: key findings from phase one of a two-phase study." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 133–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.29.
Анотація:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the western world. In Ireland, breast cancer was the most common cancer diagnosed amongst women during 2000-2004 with approximately 3,095 cases reported annually and an average of 947 deaths. It is well known that the earlier the diagnosis of breast cancer is made the more likely it is that women will have a better health outcome. However, 20-30% of women wait for one month or more before presenting to a Health Care Professional with a self discovered breast symptom. This is a worrying situation given the increased emphasis on prompt presentation of symptoms and the associated link with better health care outcomes for women diagnosed with breast cancer. Therefore, more work on help-seeking behaviour from the woman’s perspective will help Health Care Professionals to understand women’s needs and concerns surrounding symptom discovery and highlight the key issues linked to delayed ...
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El Ksimi, Ali, and Cherkaoui Leghris. "Towards a New Algorithm to Optimize IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Security for Small Objects Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (June 6, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1816462.
Анотація:
In order to verify the uniqueness of link-local or unicast addresses, nodes must perform a Duplicate Address Detection process before using them. However, this process is subject to many attacks and the security is willing to be the most important issues in Small Object Networks with IPv6. In this paper, we developed a new algorithm to optimize the security in IPv6-DAD process; this method is based on SHA-512 to verify the identity of the Neighbor Discovery messages transmitted in the link local. First, before sending the NS message, the new node uses the function SHA-512 to hash to the target address and use the last 64 bits in a new field and then encrypt the result with its private key. When receiving the secure message, the existing nodes decrypt it. Our algorithm is going to secure the DAD process by using a digital signature. Overall, this algorithm showed a significant effect in terms of the Address Configuration Success Probability (ACSP).
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Septifani, Eza Azhara, Rina Desni Yetti, and Ridho Asra. "Review: The Discovery and Development of Sildenafil Citrate." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.1018.
Анотація:
Background: Griseofulvin is a fungistatic antifungal drug used to treat dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes that are often found include Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum. Purpose: This review article aims to discuss the drug discovery review of griseofulvin. Data Source: The author created this review article using the literature study method relevant to the purpose of the review. Sources of information from national journals and international journals that are accessed through online sites such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, Springer Link, and NCBI. Key words were used to find the journals, namely griseofulvin, dermatophyte, toxicity. Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that griseofulvin is used as an antifungal drug containing chlorine from Penicillium griseofulvum isolated against mycelium fungus. This drug is non-toxic, so it is effective and safe to fight various types of fungal infections of the skin such as tinea capitis and remains the drug of choice for dermatophytes.
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Song, Yifei, Liang Zeng, Zeyu Liu, Zhe Song, Jie Zeng, and Jianping An. "Cross-Layer Optimization Spatial Multi-Channel Directional Neighbor Discovery with Random Reply in mmWave FANET." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101566.
Анотація:
MmWave FANETs play an increasingly important role in the development of UAVs technology. Fast neighbor discovery is a key bottleneck in mmWave FANETs. In this paper, we propose a two-way neighbor discovery algorithm based on a spatial multi-channel through cross-layer optimization. Firstly, we give two boundary conditions of the physical (PHY) layer and media access control (MAC) layer for successful link establishment of mmWave neighbor discovery and give the optimal pairing of antenna beamwidth in different stages and scenarios using cross-layer optimization. Then, a mmWave neighbor discovery algorithm based on a spatial multi-channel is proposed, which greatly reduces the convergence time by increasing the discovery probability of nodes in the network. Finally, a random reply algorithm is proposed based on dynamic reserved time slots. By adjusting the probability of reply and the number of reserved time slots, the neighbor discovery time can be further reduced when the number of nodes is larger. Simulations show that as the network scale is 100 to 500 nodes, the convergence time is 10 times higher than that of the single channel algorithm.
Дисертації з теми "Link key discovery":
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Abbas, Nacira. "Formal Concept Analysis for Discovering Link Keys in the Web of Data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0202.
Анотація:
Le Web des données est un espace de données global qui peut être considéré comme une couche supplémentaire au-dessus du Web des documents. Le liage des données est la tâche de découverte des liens d'identité entre les ensembles de données RDF (Resource Description Framework) sur le Web des données. Nous nous intéressons à une approche spécifique pour le liage des données, qui repose sur les “clés de liage”. Cette clé a la forme de deux ensembles de paires de propriétés associées à une paire de classes. Par exemple, la clé de liage ({(designation,titre)},{(designation,titre), (createur,auteur)},(Livre,Roman)) indique que si une instance “a” de la classe “Livre” et “b” de la classe “Roman” partagent au moins une valeur pour les propriétés “createur” et “auteur” et que “a” et “b” ont les mêmes valeurs pour les propriétés “designation” et “titre”, alors “a” et “b” désignent la même entité. Ainsi, (a,owl:sameAs,b) est un lien d'identité sur les deux ensembles de données. Cependant, les clés de liage ne sont pas toujours fournies, et divers algorithmes ont été développés pour découvrir automatiquement ces clés. Les algorithmes découvrent d'abord des “clés de liage candidates”. La qualité de ces candidates est ensuite évaluée à l'aide de mesures appropriées, et les clés de liage valides sont sélectionnées en conséquence. L'Analyse Formelle des Concepts (AFC) a été étroitement associée à la découverte de clés de liage candidates, ce qui a conduit à la proposition d'un algorithme basé sur l'AFC à cette fin. Cependant, les algorithmes de découverte de clés de liage présentent certaines limitations. Premièrement, ils ne spécifient pas explicitement les paires de classes associées aux candidates découvertes, ce qui peut conduire à des évaluations inexactes. De plus, les stratégies de sélection utilisées par ces algorithmes peuvent également produire des résultats moins précis. On observe aussi une redondance parmi les ensembles de candidates découvertes, ce qui complique leur visualisation, évaluation et analyse. Pour remédier à ces limitations, nous proposons d'étendre les algorithmes existants sur plusieurs aspects. Tout d'abord, nous introduisons une méthode basée sur les Pattern Structures, une généralisation de l'AFC pour les données non binaires. Cette approche permet de spécifier explicitement les paires de classes associées à chaque clé de liage candidate. Deuxièmement, basée sur la Pattern Structure proposée, nous présentons deux méthodes de sélection de clés de liage. La première méthode est guidée par les paires de classes associées aux candidates, tandis que la deuxième méthode utilise le treillis générée par la Pattern Structure. Ces deux méthodes améliorent la sélection par rapport à la stratégie existante. Enfin, pour remédier à la redondance, nous introduisons deux méthodes. La première méthode est basée sur une Partition Pattern Structure, qui identifie et fusionne les candidates générant les mêmes partitions. La deuxième méthode est basée sur le clustering hiérarchique, qui groupe les candidates produisant des ensembles de liens similaires en clusters et sélectionne un représentant pour chaque cluster. Cette approche réduit efficacement la redondance parmi les clés de liage candidatesThe Web of data is a global data space that can be seen as an additional layer interconnected with the Web of documents. Data interlinking is the task of discovering identity links across RDF (Resource Description Framework) datasets over the Web of data. We focus on a specific approach for data interlinking, which relies on the “link keys”. A link key has the form of two sets of pairs of properties associated with a pair of classes. For example the link key ({(designation,title)},{(designation,title) (creator,author)},(Book,Novel)), states that whenever an instance “a” of the class “Book” and “b” of the class “Novel”, share at least one value for the properties “creator” and “author” and that, “a” and “b” have the same values for the properties “designation” and “title”, then “a” and “b” denote the same entity. Then (a,owl:sameAs,b) is an identity link over the two datasets. However, link keys are not always provided, and various algorithms have been developed to automatically discover these keys. First, these algorithms focus on finding “link key candidates”. The quality of these candidates is then evaluated using appropriate measures, and valid link keys are selected accordingly. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) has been closely associated with the discovery of link key candidates, leading to the proposal of an FCA-based algorithm for this purpose. Nevertheless, existing algorithms for link key discovery have certain limitations. First, they do not explicitly specify the associated pairs of classes for the discovered link key candidates, which can lead to inaccurate evaluations. Additionally, the selection strategies employed by these algorithms may also produce less accurate results. Furthermore, redundancy is observed among the sets of discovered candidates, which presents challenges for their visualization, evaluation, and analysis. To address these limitations, we propose to extend the existing algorithms in several aspects. Firstly, we introduce a method based on Pattern Structures, an FCA generalization that can handle non-binary data. This approach allows for explicitly specifying the associated pairs of classes for each link key candidate. Secondly, based on the proposed Pattern Structure, we present two methods for link key selection. The first method is guided by the associated pairs of classes of link keys, while the second method utilizes the lattice generated by the Pattern Structure. These two methods improve the selection compared to the existing strategy. Finally, to address redundancy, we introduce two methods. The first method involves Partition Pattern Structure, which identifies and merges link key candidates that generate the same partitions. The second method is based on hierarchical clustering, which groups candidates producing similar link sets into clusters and selects a representative for each cluster. This approach effectively minimizes redundancy among the link key candidates
Книги з теми "Link key discovery":
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Rehder, Bob. Concepts as Causal Models. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.21.
Анотація:
This chapter evaluates the case for treating concepts as causal models, the view that people conceive of a categories as consisting of not only features but also the causal relations that link those features. In particular, it reviews the role of causal models in category-based induction. Category-based induction consists of drawing inferences about either objects or categories; in the latter case one generalizes a feature to a category (and thus its members). How causal knowledge influences how categories are formed in the first place—causal-based category discovery—is also examined. Whereas the causal model approach provides a generally compelling account of a large variety of inductive inferences, certain key discrepancies between the theory and empirical findings are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new sorts of representations, tasks, and tests that should be applied to the causal model approach to concepts.
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Vincent, Angela. Neuroimmunology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0015.
Анотація:
This chapter relates to antibody-mediated disorders throughout the nervous system. Early papers recall how use of bungarotoxin, passive transfer experiments in mice, and clinical response to plasma exchange confirmed the role of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Cutting edge techniques subsequently discovered other key neuromuscular junctional proteins, including muscle-specific kinase an additional target for antibodies. Later papers report the link between brain inflammation and severe amnesia, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic, and the identification of the first pathogenic antibodies to a central nervous system (CNS) receptor in Rasmussen’s syndrome. The first report of “Morvan’s syndrome” is followed by a single patient with antibodies immunoprecipitating potassium channels who improved remarkably with plasma exchange. Lastly, the patients in the 1920’s encephalitis lethargica epidemic described in detail by von Economo, exhibited many of the features now recognised as caused by antibodies to various CNS receptors and associated membrane proteins.
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Wilson Jr., Charles E. Walter Mosley. Greenwood, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216033431.
Анотація:
Readers of thisCritical Companionwill discover the richness of Mosley's writings, as well as his contributions to the African-American literary tradition, the genres of detective writing and science fiction, and American literature in general. Mosley's influences, inspirations, obstacles, and successes are presented in a richly drawn biographical chapter, which incorporates the author's most recent interviews. Mosley's first detective novel,Devil in a Blue Dress(1990), established a new voice in detective fiction, offering an African American perspective that resonated to a broad spectrum of readers. From his Easy Rawlins mysteries to his science fiction, Mosley invites readers into unexpected worlds and challenges his audience to think beyond their assumptions about society. Perhaps because he manages to link the trials of his characters to the enigma of the human condition, his prolific, genre-spanning work has met with both popular and critical success. This is the only book-length study of Mosley's fiction, covering eight of his key novels, including his most recent,Bad Boy Brawley Brown(2002). In addition to comprehensive plot synopsis, character portraits, and thematic discussions for each work, historical contexts are considered. Terms and concepts are clearly explained for the student and general reader. A select bibliography cites biographical sources, interviews, criticism, reviews, and related works of interest.
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Kresky, Jeffrey. A Reader's Guide to the Chopin Preludes. Greenwood, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216005162.
Анотація:
In Chopin's set of 24 interconnectedPreludes (Op. 28), we are presented with 24 distinct compositional surfaces, aiming at as many distinguishable emotional expressions. As such, the Preludes stand as a virtual survey of the developing musical manners of the 19th century--which was, after all, the stylistic period in which mood was promoted most energetically and frankly. Under analytic investigation, the technical means to these varied expressive ends can be discovered and assessed. 24 separate explorations reveal themselves to the inquiring musician, who can investigate any or as many of the pieces as is wished or needed. At the same time, the Preludes form a fairly compelling total entity, related by precise balances of mood and key, as well as certain subtler interconnecting details. The individual analyses aim at conjoined descriptive statements that take into account the various separable, but ultimately fused, musical elements: line and harmony in the pitch domain; rhythm in terms of local detail, but also at the levels of meter, phrase, and form; and the various expressive modifications of dynamics and articulation. Form is seen to grow out of the harnessed progress of these elements, which together determine expressive content.The Chopin Preludes, a centerpiece of 19th-century Romanticism, are unique: two dozen distinct moods that seem to summarize the musical manners of the time, they also function as an organic whole. This book is a detailed guide through thePreludes, both individually and as a group. The analyses assess technical and expressive means and ends.
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Morin, Jill J. Better Make It Real. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400617744.
Анотація:
A comprehensive study of the power of differentiation as a key component of any business model, this book includes a step-by-step process to help leaders discover, achieve, express, and sustain their own authentic position. For the first time in recent history, trust is as important to corporate reputation as quality of products and services, according to the 2010 Edelman Trust Barometer. Still, nearly 70 percent of people say that organizations will revert to "business as usual" once the economy recovers. Moreover, U.S. job satisfaction is at a 22-year-low, according to a 2010 Conference Board report, and by most every measure, the consumer outlook is bleak. The good news? Organizational authenticity is attainable, declares Morin in Better Make it Real. However, it isn't the goal, she says, but the result of providing, consistently and continuously, an authentic "total experience" to your stakeholders—workers, customers, vendors, and other business partners. In other words, Morin affirms, authenticity isn't a destination—it's an ongoing journey that will serve to differentiate any organization in its marketplace, which too often is littered with fakes. Morin's recommended roadmap is Kahler Slater's Total Experience Design—a specific, step-by-step process for designing stakeholder experiences that are "authentic, intentional, and wholly integrated." In Better Make It Real, Morin offers a comprehensive guide to implementing Total Experience Design inside organizations of all types and sizes. She also shares behind-the-scenes stories from Kahler Slater projects and clients, including Google, Robert Redford's Sundance Cinemas, Monster.com, and numerous entrepreneurial enterprises. Bottom line: Organizational authenticity is sorely lacking—and urgently needed. On the heels of the Great Recession, Morin rolls out a roadmap to "real"—helping executives and entrepreneurs find their way forward.
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Austin, James H. Zen-Brain Reflections. The MIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7348.001.0001.
Анотація:
A sequel to the popular Zen and the Brain further explores pivotal points of intersection in Zen Buddhism, neuroscience, and consciousness, arriving at a new synthesis of information from both neuroscience research and Zen studies. This sequel to the widely read Zen and the Brain continues James Austin's explorations into the key interrelationships between Zen Buddhism and brain research. In Zen-Brain Reflections, Austin, a clinical neurologist, researcher, and Zen practitioner, examines the evolving psychological processes and brain changes associated with the path of long-range meditative training. Austin draws not only on the latest neuroscience research and new neuroimaging studies but also on Zen literature and his personal experience with alternate states of consciousness. Zen-Brain Reflections takes up where the earlier book left off. It addresses such questions as: how do placebos and acupuncture change the brain? Can neuroimaging studies localize the sites where our notions of self arise? How can the latest brain imaging methods monitor meditators more effectively? How do long years of meditative training plus brief enlightened states produce pivotal transformations in the physiology of the brain? In many chapters testable hypotheses suggest ways to correlate normal brain functions and meditative training with the phenomena of extraordinary states of consciousness. After briefly introducing the topic of Zen and describing recent research into meditation, Austin reviews the latest studies on the amygdala, frontotemporal interactions, and paralimbic extensions of the limbic system. He then explores different states of consciousness, both the early superficial absorptions and the later, major "peak experiences." This discussion begins with the states called kensho and satori and includes a fresh analysis of their several different expressions of "oneness." He points beyond the still more advanced states toward that rare ongoing stage of enlightenment that is manifest as "sage wisdom." Finally, with reference to a delayed "moonlight" phase of kensho, Austin envisions novel links between migraines and metaphors, moonlight and mysticism. The Zen perspective on the self and consciousness is an ancient one. Readers will discover how relevant Zen is to the neurosciences, and how each field can illuminate the other.
Частини книг з теми "Link key discovery":
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Neuhausen, Miriam. "Understanding, collecting, and presenting data in New Englishes research." In Varieties of English Around the World, 222–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.11neu.
Анотація:
Against the background of my fieldwork in an isolated Old Order Mennonite community averse to secular norms and values, I suggest ethnographic fieldwork is key to understanding, collecting, and presenting New Englishes data. Before entering the field, researchers must begin to question principles that work in Western urban societies but may play out differently in lesser-studied communities. An understanding of the sociolinguistic realities in the community under investigation paves the way for the discovery of new social variables, access to speakers, and the accomplishment of meaningful research. I illustrate these benefits mainly in reference to the Labovian sociolinguistic interview. Finally, the paper argues that researchers need to ensure that their representation of the community is in line with the community’s interests.
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Chen, Liangzhe, Yin Zhu, Xinyu Sun, Yinlin Zhang, Gang Min, Yang Zou, and Zhong Shu. "Research on Interdomain Routing Control in SDN Architecture." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 269–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_29.
Анотація:
AbstractAiming at the difficulty of network management due to the coexistence of traditional BGP network and new SDN network, this paper proposes a routing update algorithm with clear interdomain structure and network exception handling ability. By defining SDN, BGP-SDN fusion and BGP three network domains, a packet transmission path with route discovery and update capability were formed through the three network domains in sequence. On the premise of reducing the communication delay range, the route update delay is set, and the exception handling mechanism is introduced. Specify the master controller to make the Interzone routing control rules and make routing updates a key parameter in the data flow table of border switches. The algorithm firstly ensures the absolute unimpeded communication between network domains, provides a reliable time guarantee for network exception handling, enhances the connection between control servers between network domains and between control servers and boundary switches, and improves the synchronization of multiple links in network communication. By using Mininet to build a simulation experiment platform, the reliability and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are verified from the perspectives of data packet loss and Interzone route update delay, and it is suitable for application and implementation in the current Internet environment.
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Puripunyavanich, Vichai, Penjan Sutthanukul, Rakchai Kurubunjerdjit, and Prartana Kewsuwan. "Anthracnose resistance induction in chilli by electron beam irradiation." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 172–77. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0017.
Анотація:
Abstract Chilli seeds were irradiated with 0.3 kGy at 8 MeV from the electron beam source at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. M1 seeds were planted in Sukhothai Horticultural Research Centre and from these the line CA1131 was selected as suitable for growing in this area. Thirty anthracnose-resistant M2 chilli plants were selected after the appearance of anthracnose disease, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, in Sukhothai province from an initial M1 mutant population of 123 individuals. However, chilli fruits from 17 plants showed resistance after laboratory inoculation experiments. These chilli plants were crossed with the 'Hoarue Huaisai', which has large fruit. The F2 progenies were selected for anthracnose resistance and large fruits. Two hybrids with anthracnose resistance (derived from the cross CA1131 × 'Hoarue Huaisai') were identified and used for field anthracnose resistance tests in 2015. Resistant plants with large fruits were discovered in the F3 inbred line no. 6-1-4 grown during the dry season, but this line did not show strong disease resistance in the rainy season. A further 63 F5 inbred lines showed anthracnose resistance in the field experiment. Five samples per line of each of the 63 inbred lines were inoculated in the laboratory at Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. The fruits of inbred line no. 32-2-8 showed complete anthracnose resistance and seven lines were segregating as resistant. All eight of these lines are being used in the ongoing chilli project aimed at developing chilli varieties with broad resistance to anthracnose caused by three Colletotrichum species that are prevalent in Thailand.
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Foucault, Thierry, Marco Pagano, and Ailsa Röell. "Liquidity, Price Discovery, and Corporate Policies." In Market Liquidity, 428–68. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197542064.003.0012.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter focuses on how liquidity affects some key decisions of companies, namely, their real investment decisions, their corporate governance and their managerial compensation. Section 10.2 examines the mechanisms through which liquidity affects firms’ investment. Section 10.3 considers how liquidity affects the governance of firms, and specifically whether it discourages the formation of large shareholding stakes and therefore the probability that management will be monitored by a large shareholder. Section 10.4 investigates the link between the accuracy of price discovery, the quality of firms’ investment decisions, and their ability to incentivize managers by indexing executives’ compensation on stock prices. Section 10.5 considers the reverse causal link, which is to say, actions that firms themselves can take to fine-tune the liquidity of their securities.
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Kirchberger, Martina. "The Construction Sector in Developing Countries." In Mining for Change, 51–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851172.003.0003.
Анотація:
The construction sector plays a key role in providing public and private infrastructure as well as housing. This chapter surveys the literature on central issues pertaining to the construction sector with a focus on low-income countries. It starts by highlighting distinctive features of goods produced by the construction sector and discusses the link between natural resource discovery or exploitation and the construction sector. It then summarizes our knowledge about differences in unit costs across time and space and how these affect the relationship between investment effort and investment outcomes. The chapter also considers key bottlenecks in the sector related to organization and capabilities, institutional constraints, critical inputs, and governance and corruption. It concludes by discussing policy options related to institutional and regulatory reforms as well as procurement and local content.
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Bagg, Jeremy, T. Wallace MacFarlane, Ian R. Poxton, and Andrew J. Smith. "Infection control in dentistry." In Essentials of microbiology for dental students, 297–310. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198564898.003.0030.
Анотація:
Abstract Infection control is a critical element of safe dental practice. In recent years there has been heightened professional and public awareness of the potential for cross-infection in the dental surgery. The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the early 1980s prompted a major review of infection control procedures in dentistry. In line with other health care settings, universal precautions (now known as ‘standard precautions’ – see note below) have been adopted to prevent transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBVs). Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization are key elements of infection control procedures and the reader is referred to Chapter 11 for detailed consideration of these processes. More recently, prion diseases have emerged as a new challenge to infection control. Those practising in the UK have been especially aware of this problem because of the discovery of variant CJD (vCJD) (Chapter 17) and its link with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as ‘mad cow disease’.
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Meena, Grandhi Sai, and Koushik Yetukuri. "Artificial Neural Network Process Used in Global Drug Discovery and Development." In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022), 94–102. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00094.
Анотація:
One of the branches of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is most frequently employed in the advancement of medicine is artificial neural networks (ANN). An alternative name for neural networks is ANN. These are the computing systems inclined by the biological nervous system. It is built on a network of interconnected components known as artificial neurons. Similar to a biological neuron, the ANN is also having the interconnection nodes. The ANN is a simple mathematical function. This model has three sets of rules. Those are multiplication, summation and activation. In order to predict the properties of chemical compounds for drug discovery, ANNs are used. It has been demonstrated mathematically that an ANN may be used to roughly predict the link between any chemical property and its structure. To understand the significance of ANN in the drug discovery and development process is the primary goal of this article. Information was acquired from the USFDA’s official website as well as other research and review journals. ANN have been widely applied in a variety of key pharmacy-related fields,?from clinical pharmacy to bio pharmacy to the interpretation of analytical data and the creation of drugs and dosage forms. It is commonly implemented in many areas of the pharmaceutical industry, including quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) research and the analysis of chemicals used in drug discovery and development. ANN is useful for resolving nonlinear problems in multivariate and multi-response systems, including space analysis in QSAR in pharmacokinetic studies and structure prediction in drug development.
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Moore, J. M. "Abolition and (De)colonization." In Decolonizing the Criminal Question, 37—C2P114. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192899002.003.0003.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter argues that the criminal question, and the discipline of criminology, can only be decolonized by adopting an abolitionist praxis. Crime, the foundation of considerations of the criminal question, is a European concept that was (and is) central to its colonial project, whilst criminology’s key innovation, the discovery of the criminal Other, has its origin in the racial Other, central to European colonialism. This intimate link between colonialism and both the criminal question and criminology—a Gordian Knot—is so embedded that it cannot be decolonized by reform. Instead, a more radical approach, abolition, is required. Both decolonization and abolition require revolutionary changes to the social structure, breaking us free from existing power relations and developing new ways of living. Abolitionist praxis can sever the criminal question’s Gordian Knot and help to create Franz Fanon’s ‘something other’ that decolonization demands.
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Mitchell, Graham. "The Antecedents." In How Giraffes Work, 55–75. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.003.0004.
Анотація:
Giraffes are ruminant artiodactyls and their evolutionary origin can be traced back to the origin of the first artiodactyls about 55 million years ago. Their link to the first artiodactyls depended on the discovery and study of giraffe fossils. The first of those were uncovered in India and, later, in North Africa, the latter bringing recognition that the evolution of modern giraffes had occurred in Africa. The study of fossils was supplemented by simultaneous biological and biochemical studies of giraffes. The combination has allowed the creation of lineage of antecedents starting with a Dichobunid that lived in the Eocene era 55 million years ago, through Hypertragulids and Leptomerycidsof the Eocene, to the Gelocids of the Oligocene and early Miocene. The Gelocids can be regarded as the key ancestral family of all ruminant artiodactyls. From Gelocids arose the sister group of giraffes, the Climacoceratids, and also the Canthumerycids from which giraffes evolved.
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Kenabatho, P. K., B. P. Parida, B. Matlhodi, and D. B. Moalafhi. "Linking Scientific Research to Development Agenda." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 374–91. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3440-2.ch023.
Анотація:
In recent years, the scientific community has been urged to undertake research that can immediately have impact on development issues, including national policies, strategies, and people's livelihoods, among others. While this is a fair call from decision makers, it should also be realized that science by nature is about innovation, discovery and knowledge generation. In this context, there is need for a balance between long term scientific investigations and short term scientific applications. With regard to the former, researchers spend years investigating (or need data of sufficient record length) to provide sound and reliable solutions to a problem at hand while in the latter, it is possible to reach a solution with few selected analyses. In all cases, it is advisable that researchers, where possible should link their studies to topical development issues in their case studies. In this paper, we use a hydrometeorological project in the Notwane catchment, Botswana, to show the importance of linking research to development agenda for mutual benefit of researchers and policy makers. The results indicate that some key development issues are being addressed by the Project and the scope exists to improve the impact of the project.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Link key discovery":
1
Gôlo, Marcos P. S., Leonardo G. Moraes, Rudinei Goularte, and Ricardo M. Marcacini. "One-Class Recommendation through Unsupervised Graph Neural Networks for Link Prediction." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2022.227810.
Анотація:
Recommender systems play a key role in every online platform to provide users a better experience. Many classic recommendation approaches might find issues, mainly modeling user relations. Graphs can naturally model these relations since we can connect users interacting with items. On the other hand, when we model user-item relations through graphs, we do not have interactions between all users and items. In addition, there are few non-recommendation interactions, which makes it challenging to cover this scope. Also, the scope of what will not be recommended for the user is greater than what will be recommended. An alternative is One-Class Learning (OCL) which is able to recommend or not an item for a user only to train with recommendations, mitigating the needing to cover the scope of non-recommendations. However, OCL and Recommender Systems need appropriate, adequate, and robust representations to perform the recommendations in the best possible way. Therefore, we propose the one-class recommendation via representations learned by unsupervised graph neural networks (GNNs) for link prediction to generate a more robust and meaningful representation of users and items. In the results, our GNNs for link prediction outperform other methods to represent the users and items in the one-class recommendation. Furthermore, our proposal also outperforms a GNN for link prediction. Thus, our proposal recommended better and learned more robust representations.
2
Grieve, Fiona, and Kyra Clarke. "Threaded Magazine: Adopting a Culturally Connected Approach." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.62.
Анотація:
It has been ten years since the concept of the Publication Platform has been published in the special edition of the Scope Journal ISSN (online version; 1177-5661). The term ‘Publication Platform’ was introduced in the Practice Report, The Site of Publication in Contemporary Practice. This article surveyed a series of publication projects analysing distinctive editorial models as venues for discussion, collaboration, presentation of practice, and reflection. In this context, the term Publication Platform is employed to describe a space for a series of distinctive editorial modes. The platform considers printed matter as a venue for a diversity of discourse and dissemination of ideas, expanding the meaning and boundaries of printed media through a spectrum of publishing scenarios. The Publication Platform positions printed spaces as sites to reflect on editorial frameworks, content, design practices, and collaborative methodologies. One of the central ideas to the report was the role of collaboration to lead content, examining how creative relationships and media production partnership, affect editorial practice and design outcomes. Ten years after, the Publication Platform has evolved and renewed with emergent publishing projects to incorporate a spectrum of practice responsive to community, experimentation, interdisciplinarity, critical wiring, creativity, cultural production, contemporary arts, and craft-led discourse. This paper presents a case study of ‘Threaded Magazine’ as an editorial project and the role of its culturally connected approach. This study uses the term ‘culturally connected approach’ to frame how Threaded Magazine embodies, as a guiding underlying foundation for each issue, the three principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi: Participation, Protection and Partnership. This presentation reflects on how these principals connect to who Threaded Magazine are collectively as editors and designers, and determined by who we associate with, partner, and collaborate with. A key factor that influenced Threaded Magazine to adopt a more culturally connected approach arose by the invitation to participate in the international publication entitled Project 16/2, commissioned by Fedrigoni Papers for the Frankfurt Bookfair, in Germany. The Project 16/2 created an opportunity for a process of editorial self-discovery. This trajectory translated the tradition of oral storytelling into graphic language, conveying the essence (te ihi) of who we were. The visuality and tactility of the printed media set a format for Threaded Magazine to focus on Aotearoa’s cultural heritage, original traditions, and narratives. This paper overviews the introduction of a kaupapa for Issue 20, the ‘New Beginnings’ edition and process of adhering to tikanga Māori and Mātauranga Māori while establishing a particular editorial kawa (protocol) for the publication. The influence and collaboration with cultural advisory rōpū (group) Ngā Aho, kaumātua and kuia (advisors) will elaborate on the principle of participation. Issue 20 connected Threaded Magazine professionally, spiritually, physically, and culturally with the unique identity and landscape of Indigenous practitioners at the forefront of mahi toi (Māori Contemporary art) across Aotearoa. Special Edition, Issue 21, in development, continues to advance a culturally connected approach working with whānau, kaiwhatu (weavers), tohunga whakairo (carvers), kaumātua and kuia to explore cultural narratives, connections, visually through an editorial framework.
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Taļerko, Valentina. "The Book “Die Kavaliere von Illuxt”. The New Discovery for XXI Century Reader." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.70.
Анотація:
The article examines the historical and literary significance of the memoirs of a Baltic German about Latgale. The space between Ilukste and Daugavpils has been little studied. The data about individual estates and their owners is fragmentary. The study is a separate part of a large regional and literary study dedicated to the Baltic Germans living in the territory of Latgale and in Daugavpils region. The aims of the study are to establish a connection between the text of the book and geographical and personal realities, as well as to reveal the relationship of the Baltic Germans with the population of Latgale from a perspective of self-reflection. Understanding “myself” in the eyes of others and “others” in one’s personal perception is getting more relevant as studying these interactions on the basis of literary texts opens for understanding of the current processes in modern society. The specific tasks are to promote a national issue on the material of the given text as well as to determine a link between the memoir text and the jokes of the Baltic Germans (Pratchen), the features of which have been defined in the authorized studies. The text is understood as an object of scientific cognition in which there are no random linguistic or substantive units. The methodology of research is based on the interpretation of a literary text as well as the synthesis of statistical analysis, immanent critique and content analysis. In the course of the study, it was possible to establish a structural and substantive link between individual episodes of the book with the Baltics jokes (Pratchen). For the peoples who inhabited Latgale (southeastern part of Latvia) in the 18th and 19th centuries, the national issue was not decisive, especially among rural people. Difference in perception of oneself and “myself” in the eyes of others was determined by different social status: Germans are the landowners, the rest are servants and badgers. The mental character of the Baltic Germans was shaped, first and foremost, by the family upbringing and education level, commonly university. The key values were love for their native land, pride for their ancestors, honor and service to the state, and faithfulness to the word. On the basis of the life realia described in the book, it is possible to reconstruct the way of life of the people who disappeared from the map of modern Latgale. The research is funded by the Latvian Council of Science, project “The Baltic Germans of Latgale in the context of socio-ethnic relations from the 17th till the beginning of the 20th century” project No. lzp-2020/2-0136.
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Mutlu, B., C. Walchshofer, J. Küng, M. Jäger, P. Krahwinkler, S. Thalmann, V. Dhanoa, and M. Vukovic. "A Forecasting Model-Based Discovery of Causal Links of Key Influencing Performance Quality Indicators for Sinter Production Improvement." In AISTech 2020. AIST, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/380/218.
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Gladstone, Julia. "Exploring the Key Informational, Ethical and Legal Concerns to the Development of Population Genomic Databases for Pharmacogenomic Research." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2880.
Анотація:
The completion of a high quality comprehensive sequence of the human genome has lead to the discovery of genetic links to complex diseases and the development of target drugs. Population genetic databases (PGDs) are a powerful resource to the systematic study of the genetic component of disease; in the quest to understand the impact of genetic factors on drug response data from laboratory experiments, computational methods and clinical studies must be integrated. The establishment of a pharmacogenomics knowledge base entails complex information management balanced with the appropriate legal and ethical standards. This article reviews some of the ontology development challenges and examines the need to establish a legal structure which creates the proper intellectual property incentives to develop PGDs and the ethical standards that must be upheld so that the terms of informed consent are legitimate.
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Sulaiman, Maryam, Ramsha Yousaf, Momina Kashif, Najwa Amir, and Zahida Bibi. "An Investigation into the Prevalence of Behavioral and Environmental Determinants of Cataract." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0232.
Анотація:
Accounting for 51% of legal blindness in the world and 27% in Qatar, cataract remains the most prevelant cause of visual imapairments. Cataract involves the clouding of the eye lens, which reduces the light that reaches the retina and ultimately reduces vision. There are existing medical procedures for cataract, however these are deemed invasive and unaffordable. Scientists and public specialists agree that preventing cataract formation is the key to allevating worl blindness levels. Our objectives are: -To determine factors that inrease risk of developing cataract. -To discover the link between day-to-day activities of individuals in earlier life and the development of catarct in later life. -To compile a list of ways to prevent formation of cataract.
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Atapin, K., A. Vinokurov, Yu Solovyeva, and S. Fabrika. "NGC 5474 X-1: the neutron star ULX in an old stellar cluster." In ASTRONOMY AT THE EPOCH OF MULTIMESSENGER STUDIES. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23–28, 2021. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/vak2021.2022.1.1.097.
Анотація:
We report the discovery of a cyclotron resonant scattering feature (CRSF) in the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX)NGC5474 X-1 that makes it the third ULX with a CRSF. Cyclotron lines arise in strong magnetic fields, which requiresthe object to be a neutron star. The line energy of 7.5 keV corresponds to the magnetic field strength ∼ 10 12 G. The sourceshows a hard X-ray spectrum with Γ ∼ 1 and strong X-ray variability which is also typical for neutron star ULXs. In theoptical range, the object is interesting by the fact that it is projected onto an old stellar cluster (or located inside) with anage of about 1 Gyr.
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Shumar, Aleksandra. "The impact of Gestalt psychotherapy approach on leadership intervention perspectives in the organizations." In XIX International May Conference on Strategic Management – IMCSM24 Proceedings. University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imcsm24049s.
Анотація:
This paper is an investigation into what and how the Gestalt psychotherapy approach has contributed to the leadership in the intervention perspectives. The paper looks into what kinds of leader interventions, according to the research, make a positive influence for the group and its members. There is a gap in the literature in regards to models that link different psychotherapeutic approaches and leader interventions. The findings of this paper present companies' leaders with a mixture and intervention through psychotherapeutic approach (Gestalt psychotherapy). This impact demonstrates how the stages of group development are crucial in making concentrated therapeutic use of the leader variables, therapeutic factors and in making decisions about appropriate interventions. According to the risks and cultural factors across companies, and in order to avoid them, the research conducted in this paper will contain qualitative information. Usually I went through the questions: Which defence mechanism is the best in the current situation? How to lead my team members? How to finish team tasks without feeling aggression for the deadline? What would be therapeutic for this specific individual at this moment?" and "what does the group-as-a-whole need?" To discover and synthesize relevant material, this paper employs a modified systematic literature review. The traditional systematic literature review AIDS in the clarification of two key points. To begin with, they help determine whether findings from several studies on a certain issue are consistent, reliable, and can be applied to larger applications. Second, they help to discover gaps in the research literature, which may then be used to guide the development of future studies and how to affect a leader in a certain organisation using different approaches.
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Goba-Medne, Līva. "Learning Experience that Transforms Teachers’ Professional Activity: The Covid-19 Pandemic." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.34.
Анотація:
Transforming of teaching and learning paradigms in education has been a long-standing object for debate. Various educational reform movements have formed along with divergent views on what quality education is. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a world-wide disruption not only to the continuity of education, but to the existing teaching strategies and learning modes as well. Teachers had to reorient their professional activity towards remote and hybrid teaching within a short period of time. This creates a crisis-like learning situation that requires not only the acquisition of practical skills, but it demands the transformation of the teaching activity itself. Learning associated with such transformations deserves closer examination. The aim of this article is to discuss the theoretical and the practical underpinnings of a study which aims at conceptualizing learning experiences of teachers that have accompanied the transformations of their professional activity during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. In–depth literature review was performed using both key word search and reference chaining to discover key authors, key texts, and key ideas. Further on central concepts were analysed and methodology was developed for researching the learning experiences teachers have undergone during the COVID-19 pandemic that have transformed their professional activity. Interpretivist subject-centred approach in line with social constructivism is applied. The article concludes that the central concepts – learning experiences of teachers, transformative learning, professional activity of teachers – serve to build a logical and compatible research framework. Narrative interview along with documentary method of interpretation and theoretical sampling forms coherent and validated methodology.
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Hunt, Gordon, Scott Wigginton, Paul Jonas, and Ronald Townsen. "Is Architecture Measurable? Towards Creating, Managing, and Measuring Architecture and Resulting Product Line Implementations." In Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16357.
Анотація:
This research sought to distill and define the fundamentals of system and software architecture analysis and form the basis by which a design can be tested and analyzed prior to its implementation. In short, the question "can a design be measured against the business-level objectives and quality-of-use architectural requirements. The research focuses on building a body of knowledge that supports an analysis, built on fundamentals which scales and can serve as the basis by which we can transform when and how architecture validation can occur. This research supports ongoing work towards developing a strategic comprehensive architecture approach and extends the analysis and documentation of the Key Business Drivers (KBDs) and architectural drivers supporting the efficient development and sustainment of interoperable aviation mission systems. A prototype process that leverages the discovered relationships and weights for use by current Architects and Senior Systems Engineers is shown. Programs implementing this approach are expected to benefit from the planned reuse of architectural artifacts for follow up systems engineering products supporting the development of reusable component product lines avoiding the long-term challenges of unrealized architectural objectives.
Звіти організацій з теми "Link key discovery":
1
Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.
Анотація:
The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
2
Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
Анотація:
The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
3
Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
Анотація:
Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Sherman, Amir, Rebecca Grumet, Ron Ophir, Nurit Katzir, and Yiqun Weng. Whole genome approach for genetic analysis in cucumber: Fruit size as a test case. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594399.bard.
Анотація:
The Cucurbitaceae family includes a broad array of economically and nutritionally important crop species that are consumed as vegetables, staple starches and desserts. Fruit of these species, and types within species, exhibit extensive diversity as evidenced by variation in size, shape, color, flavor, and others. Fruit size and shape are critical quality determinants that delineate uses and market classes and are key traits under selection in breeding programs. However, the underlying genetic bases for variation in fruit size remain to be determined. A few species the Cucurbitaceae family were sequenced during the time of this project (cucumber was already sequenced when the project started watermelon and melon sequence became available during the project) but functional genomic tools are still missing. This research program had three major goals: 1. Develop whole genome cucumber and melon SNP arrays. 2. Develop and characterize cucumber populations segregating for fruit size. 3. Combine genomic tools, segregating populations, and phenotypic characterization to identify loci associated with fruit size. As suggested by the reviewers the work concentrated mostly in cucumber and not both in cucumber and melon. In order to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array for cucumber, available and newly generated sequence from two cucumber cultivars with extreme differences in shape and size, pickling GY14 and Chinese long 9930, were analyzed for variation (SNPs). A large set of high quality SNPs was discovered between the two parents of the RILs population (GY14 and 9930) and used to design a custom SNP array with 35000 SNPs using Agilent technology. The array was validated using 9930, Gy14 and F1 progeny of the two parents. Several mapping populations were developed for linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit size These includes 145 F3 families and 150 recombinant inbred line (RILs F7 or F8 (Gy14 X 9930) and third population contained 450 F2 plants from a cross between Gy14 and a wild plant from India. The main population that was used in this study is the RILs population of Gy14 X 9930. Phenotypic and morphological analyses of 9930, Gy14, and their segregating F2 and RIL progeny indicated that several, likely independent, factors influence cucumber fruit size and shape, including factors that act both pre-anthesis and post-pollination. These include: amount, rate, duration, and plane of cell division pre- and post-anthesis and orientation of cell expansion. Analysis of F2 and RIL progeny indicated that factors influencing fruit length were largely determined pre-anthesis, while fruit diameter was more strongly influenced by environment and growth factors post-anthesis. These results suggest involvement of multiple genetically segregating factors expected to map independently onto the cucumber genome. Using the SNP array and the phenotypic data two major QTLs for fruit size of cucumber were mapped in very high accuracy (around 300 Kb) with large set of markers that should facilitate identification and cloning of major genes that contribute to fruit size in cucumber. In addition, a highly accurate haplotype map of all RILS was created to allow fine mapping of other traits segregating in this population. A detailed cucumber genetic map with 6000 markers was also established (currently the most detailed genetic map of cucumber). The integration of genetics physiology and genomic approaches in this project yielded new major infrastructure tools that can be used for understanding fruit size and many other traits of importance in cucumber. The SNP array and genetic population with an ultra-fine map can be used for future breeding efforts, high resolution mapping and cloning of traits of interest that segregate in this population. The genetic map that was developed can be used for other breeding efforts in other populations. The study of fruit development that was done during this project will be important in dissecting function of genes that that contribute to the fruit size QTLs. The SNP array can be used as tool for mapping different traits in cucumber. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote genetic improvement of cucumber and related cucurbits.
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Playing the long game: Experimenting Smart Specialisation in the Basque Country 2016-2019. Universidad de Deusto, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ajzo9759.
Анотація:
Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) represent arguably the most ambitious regional innovation policy ever launched in the EU and as such have posed a major challenge for governments. While developing a smart specialization strategy has not been an entirely new adventure for the Basque Country, which has consistently pursued an industrial strategy over more than thirty years, there is enough novelty in the RIS3 process to pose a challenge even for mature regional innovation policy systems. This report builds on previous analysis of the early implementation of the Basque Country RIS3 (Aranguren et al, 2016) to explore how the processes initially set in motion have subsequently evolved. The focus is on the period 2016-2019 and the analysis is based on interviews with 28 key actors in the Basque RIS3 process alongside a range of other documentary sources. The analysis finds significant changes in the governance of the entrepreneurial discovery processes established in the three strategic priority areas (advanced manufacturing, energy and bio-health) and four opportunity niches (ecosystems, food, urban habitat and creative and cultural industries). These are materializing in changes in the actors engaged and the strategies pursued, and they lead to six core conclusions that might form the basis for recommendations for the future. In line with a ‘living strategy’, a new configuration of priorities is emerging There is an increasing horizontalization taking place, built on cross-cutting concern for internationalization, skills, new business models and entrepreneurship Engaging SMEs remains a huge challenge, and Basque experience points to key roles for cluster associations, local development agencies and vocational training centres The integration of social challenges (and civil society) remains a key challenge, and might take inspiration from Agenda 2030 and from transformative innovation policy or mission-oriented policy approaches There is a specific need for larger, more integrated projects, which will require further adaption of the implementation and policy mix There is need to work on the voice of regions within EU decision-making dynamics and to strengthen coordination across regional initiatives The evolution of the entrepreneurial discovery process observed in the Basque Country sheds light on some of the key issues with the ongoing development of RIS3 across Europe. These include the nature of their experimentalist polity, the further reform of regional research and innovation systems, the rising status of monitoring and evaluation as a strategic diagnostic tool, and the need to re-enforce synergies between EU policy instruments and across EU regions.