Дисертації з теми "Linguistique du genre"
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Chastagner, Nadine. "Approche synchronique de l'attribution du genre grammatical français." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H089.
Our research concerns the functioning of french grammratical gender assignment in a synchronic perspective. On a corpus of man recent vocabularies (current, informatics et internet, social languages), we show that grammatical gender as formel object is corditionned by differents types of factors (structural, oragmatic, subjective, cognitive). The assigned mechanisms described although localized and relatives are structured according to micro-systems in which different types of logics are implicated. Such a purpose has required a method adapted no the functioning divided and multiple of gender. This one confronts the phenomenons relating no lexical production with their sociolinguistics variations and phenomenons relating to reception by inquiry with one hundred persons
Rouet-Delarue, Christelle. "Analyse linguistique du discours historien : des sources au genre historique ?" Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30004/document.
The object our thesis is to bring to light signs of relations (meeting points and divergences) between a specifical discourse (historical discourse and notion of type of discourse to debate) and the historian's source. The study will focus on a selection of material composed of a part of historical discourse and a part of historical source (research in archives and digitalisation). The discourse of history is the meeting place traces of the historian's source, with the perception of events (in the past or nowaday, and through collective memory and cultural heritage), and the past reality, which was written by the historian. Science of langage will show the discourse elaborating constructions of meaning in specific domains (historical and politic) on the level of the text and the inter-texte level (intertextual and interrelation relations). If the historian discourse is a reappropriate and a reformulation of the historians source, it must carry its traces, and linguistic can explain structures of meanings
Bahuaud, Ndayishimiye Sara. "Un genre littéraire entre critique et poétique : le dictionnaire." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030019.
This research is focused on the dictionary as an object, from the first inventories to the literary dictionary and the parodic dictionary. It seemed relevant to start with a historical survey of the different forms of the classification of knowledge (lists, miscellanies, collections…) so that a typology of the dictionaries and their themes could be established. The Dictionnaire des idées reçues by G. Flaubert and The Devil’s Dictionary by A. Bierce give evidence of the questioning of knowledge that took place in the 19th century. A dictionary cannot possibly contain all words nor the encyclopaedia represent the universe epitomized. The dictionary that dictates, fixes norms and meanings is now used to denounce stereotypes and forms that have been frozen. Besides, it is an instrument for social criticism. The 20th century questions the content and limits of knowledge, the dictionary also produces a parody of knowledge or becomes an instrument of humour such as the Dictionnaire Khazar by M. Pavic, Le Fabuleux Bestiaire de madame Berthe by F. Tristan or Le Livre des êtres imaginaires de Borges. From a work endowed with authority it remains a tool which is in prolific use, a “dream machine” which can be read as a new genre of fragmented fiction, flashes of knowledge, brief forms of literature. The alphabetic constraint, a lever to the imaginary, liberates expression and opens up the personal universe of authors - Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes, Uno y el Universo by E. Sàbato, Ce que je crois A/Z by C. Fuentes, Du retour, Abécédaire biopolitique by A. Negri, Le sens de la visite by M. Deguy - the dictionary breaks all conventional aesthetics with Bardadrac by Gérard Genette
Chevaux, Florelle. "Le genre grammatical : représentations et traitements cognitifs." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/chevaux_f.
Whatever the language considered, gender is a traditional way to categorize words contained in our mental lexicon. But in parallel to this observation, some points are prone to variation according to the linguistic system explored, such as the number of subclasses, the common features for distinguishing the different noun classes and the agreement rules. The grammatical gender feature offers interesting opportunities to investigate the contribution of gender information to lexical access either in word production and recognition. If many studies were interested in the last decades to the temporal integration to phonological and gender cues during language production, very little empirical evidence for the time course of the events was provided in the field of word recognition. The question addresses in the present study concerns the time course of the various processes involved in the treatment of gender, and more precisely, the aim was to determine whether the sequential timing of gender and wordform encoding found in production tasks was reversed or not in comprehension tasks. To answer these questions a series of off-line and on-line experiments will be done on native speakers of French. The planned experiments include further lexical decision tasks and gender decision tasks, and some production tasks. ERP experiments to investigate the above issues will be done as well. These tasks have allowed us to test some models in both modalities
Khaznadar, Edwige. "Le nom de la femme virtualisation ideologique et realite linguistique." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20052.
Morphologically, the alternation of gender in french shows for adjecti- ves and human-related common nouns : bivalent words with an -e ending, bivalent words with a changeable graphic ending, and terms with a diver- gent ending according to gender. Lexicographical non-recording of the regular alternation involves 27% of the nouns. Old french shows the sta- bilizing part played by the feminine ending. Basic french shows the per- manence of the mixed bivalence/alternation system, together with the restraining through usage for feminine nouns related to offices of autho- rity. The psychological and sociological aspects of the problem observed in ancient and modern grammars rely on the never confirmed assumption of the masculine as the first form, which gives way to an incoherent des- cription of the gender system and misleads the analysis of what the mar- ked pender is in structural grammar. The denial of the regular alterna- tion was enhanced by the stance of the academie francaise in 1984, which bore the brand of affectivity. The final aim is to help teaching get rid of any subjective conditianing/detrimental to logic, syntax and the free linguistic action of feminine denomination, while giving back to the masculine its genuine accuracy
Rainart, Gérard. "La langue de l'Apollon de Delphes : analyse linguistique, poétique et systématique des recueils d'oracles." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2043/document.
The study of 221 oracles from the Delphic sanctuary shows how a language has been created, specific to the sanctuary of Delphi : it is the voice of the god Apollo and his own language. The oracular texts, conceived in the spirit of the Delphic chresmologic divination, collected by inscriptions and especially by the literature which quotes them abundantly, are used as supports to analyse the linguistic, stylistic and poetic aspects and processes of the Delphic oracular language. The first part, which analyses the presence of the Delphic divination in the texts, shows that linguistically the oracles are exchanges between an enquirer and the god ; it is possible to find all the stages of their production and reception. The second part analyses the setting up of the Delphic collections, from Antiquity to our times. The third part shows a strong propensity for establishing linguistical codes, when it offers examples of meticulous, argumentative constructions. It also underlines the importance of the images (metaphors), puns, plays on syntactic or lexical antitheses, frequent riddles which the god subjects to the clearsightedness of the enquirers. The Delphic oracles are considered to be quoted texts which vary less in their enunciation than in their functions. We can tell that an oracular genre really exists, but the particular genre cannot exist without the others genres and depends on them. A Delphic oracular genre really exists, because the Delphic shrine was very powerful and very well known in the ancient Greek civilization as a cultural center, because we find in the Greek literature imitations of the oracles (pastiche and parody). Even if the texts do not belong to a specific and independent work, they present many linguistic and stylistic common marks : La langue d’Apollon (Apollo’s language)
Cristinoi-Bursuc, Antonia. "Analyse contrastive des indices morphosyntaxiques nominaux de genre et de nombre en vue d'une approche typologique de la traduction automatique - Applications sur le français, l'anglais et le roumain." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE1087.
The evolution of Machine Translation involves not only a greater variety of documents but also an increasing number of languages, entailing a bigger linguistic diversity and thus a significant rise of translation difficulties. In this thesis, translation problems are considered a priori, mainly as a result of interlinguistic differences. Having taken as a starting point the idea that not all interlinguistic differences are problematic in translation, we have retained as the basic criterion for distinguishing them the notions of marking (redefined according to MT standards) and behavioural classes. The object of this study has been restricted to two linguistic categories : gender and number, and three languages : French, English and Romanian. The model we propose, inspired by contrastive morphology and typology, aims at identifying the types of MT difficulties that can appear, for a given language couple, when translating gender and number. This identification will be based on assigning each noun to a behavioural class in each language, and on studying behavioural classes'interactions. The approach will eventually permit the creation of MT difficulties that can appear, for a given language couple, when translating gender and number. This idenfication will be based on assigning each noun to a behavioural class in each language, and on studying behavioural classes' interactions. The approach will eventually permit the creation of MT specifications involving two complementary procedures : identification of the main questions a linguist has to answer when dealing with a specific MT issue and a complete inventory of the problems that may appear once the answers are found, an inventory corroborated by requests treated by a MT system
Drouin, Samuel. "L'écriture inclusive : analyse définitionnelle et socio-discursive d'un phénomène linguistique." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42761.
Rinne, Marie-Noëlle. "Didactique des langues en milieu universitaire : analyse contrastive de la morphologie et du sémantisme du genre dans l'enseignement du français à des locuteurs anglophones." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU1006.
This study of noun gender as part of French Language Studies in English-speaking universities in Canada is a contrastive analysis of the morphology and the semantics of French and English genders, and pertains to the field of Applied Linguistics and more pointedly to French as a Second Language. It intends to elucidate and define French gender through its graphic, morphological, syntactic and phonological expressions while trying as well to establish the parameters of English gender, the English-speaking learner being at the centre of the didactic approach. This particular approach further justifies the parallel research on methods and factors in the acquisition of Foreign Languages. Finally, this study debates the arbitrary versus motivated nature of gender and lists its characteristics with the intention of creating a practical tool usable by all involved
Foucart, Alice. "Le traitement du genre grammatical en français langue première et seconde." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10009.
Hansen, Kirsti Dee. "Brugen af maskulinum i færøsk /." Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41057785g.
Hong, Jing. "Analyse linguistique d'un genre de discours : l'entretien - écrit ou oral - à dominante culturelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0263.
Our work concerns a set of interviews, written or oral, with a cultural focus. We identified the genre of the “cultural interview”. This genre of discourse is similar to the dialogue and it concerns various spheres of cultural activities (mainly artistic practices) that are inscribed in identified institutions of production or publication. The cultural domains that we have selected are literature (F. Ponge, N. Sarraute, A. Nothomb, É. Reinhardt) and cinema (A. Varda, J. Rouch, B. Tavernier, M. Piccoli). The oral interviews are mainly from recordings of the radio station « France-Culture » whereas, the written interviews were selected from books or press media such as, Télérama or Le Monde.Firstly, we characterize the genre of the cultural interview by relating it to its dialogical superstructure and differentiating it from an ordinary conversation. We noted the media omnipresence of the interview which we have attested by various figures. Then, we deal with the synonymous questions of an interview, conversation and dialogue through press usage (Le Monde). Finally, our theoretical framework is mainly constituted by discourse analysis (D. Maingueneau, 1999, 2002, 2014), dialogism (J. Bres, 2005), conversational analysis (E. Roulet et al., 19872), interactionist analysis (C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1990) and textual linguistics (J.-M. Adam, [1992] 20174). All these theoretical contributions are based on the difference between primary and secondary genres made by M. Bakhtine (1984). At the end of the first part, we define the genre of the cultural conversation by specifying the components of its macro-structure.We then proceed to linguistic analyses of excerpts for which we have equipped ourselves with linguistic tools likely to account for the intermediate level of structuring. The verbal flow and the informational dynamism require indeed that we know how to apprehend the enunciative question or the macro-syntax with adapted analysis tools: the grammar of the period (Groupe de Fribourg, 2012); the grammar of text and the strategies of topicalization (B. Combettes, 1986). Similarly, micro-syntax in its oral realizations, requires appropriate tools such as the syntactic grid of C. Blanche-Benveniste (1990).Lastly, we specifically characterize the exchanges between an oral form and a written form. The realization of mixing effects may not be necessarily linked to the medium itself. The thesis proposes to return to Koch & Oesterreicher's communicational continuum (2001) in order to test its parameters (situational and contextual determinants). We observed that the communicative continuum is a solution to the general question of the oral and/or written dichotomy. Here we show how this continuum operates in the case of cultural interviews
Poudat, Céline. "Etude contrastive de l'article scientifique de revue linguistique dans une perspective d'analyse des genres." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE1078.
The present PhD aims at an operational definition of the concept of genre, based on a corpus of 224 articles issued from linguistics journals and making the most of quantitative and Natural Language Processing methods. Two types of genre criteria are determined and used to define articles : genre-oriented morphosyntactic descriptors, and textual components and thematics. The partition is methodological, as the two levels constantly interfere. After a description of the main corpus, a contrastive analysis enables us to highlight extrinsic variation principles : personal styles, genre and domain variations and language impact. This quantitative and qualitative study finally provides a linguistic description of the different sides of a complex and multidimensionnel object, as well as a methodology to observe and characterize genres
Baudino, Claudie. "Politique de la langue et différence sexuelle : la politisation du genre des noms de métier /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37718009s.
Dulude, Jennifer. "Le rôle de la mémoire phonologique dans le processus d'acquisition du genre en français langue seconde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26016/26016.pdf.
Belleau, Rémi. "Attribution et variation du genre d'emprunts à l'anglais, à l'italien, au japonais et à l'arabe dans le lexique du français." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26887.
Gender assignment to lexical non-human loanwords in French is not easily predictable. Some authors will consider it as arbitrary, others as motivated from physical or semantic properties of a given word. Because points of view on this matter are highly divided, we investigated and analysed many criteria that may contribute to gender assignment to loanwords in French. We compiled four corpora, each one composed of texts originating from one of two different linguistic communities (the province of Québec or Europe) and either a formal or informal context. We noticed that a loanword’s assigned gender varies considerably between usages in many cases. However, in general, loanwords from languages having a binary gender feature, such as Italian or Arabic, usually keep their original gender. Semantic criteria may justify loanword gender as much as physical criteria. The most productive semantic criterion is the conceptual paradigm into which the loanword is integrated, which groups together many lexical units under a similar conceptualisation, and usually a common gender.
Pinon-Vignaud, Marie-Laure. "Le genre et le nombre du syntagme nominal : traitement lexical et implications neuropsychologiques." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5028.
The gender (masculine, feminine) appears, in french, like a classification system. This system (includes two modalities: one sexual gender, for example: brother-sister and one conventional gender, for example: chair (feminine) or seat (masculine). Boys and girls are of the first modality differently, girls using the sexual language semantic and boys using a morphological analysis. However, whatever the sex, the subject uses an analysis of the final syllabe in order to determine the formal gender, for example : the sun (masculine) - the moon (feminine). In addition, where is an analysis of an item in relation to its adjectives, for example, or others words within the lexique when its gender is unknown. The study of the use of the gender in a deteriorated state, confirms these hypotheses and the equality of the two masculine and feminine categories. With the nominal substantive, the irregularities appear when the numbers increase. The study of the syntax modality and the lexical morphology implies an insertion within a tree of derivations; the higher the numbers position and the more superficial the gender, an experimentally confirmed hypothesis. The studies in aphasia renforces the method of understan ding the effects of the gender and number, and in explaining the method of determining the differents features of the gender
Lee, Nam-Seong. "Caractérisation et reconnaissance des genres. Propositions didactiques : le cas de l'éditorial dans la presse écrite." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL383.
Berkum, Johannes Josephus Augustinus van. "The psycholinguistics of grammatical gender : studies in language comprehension and production /." Nijmegen : Max Planck Instituut voor Psycholinguïstiek, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37535829z.
Bobillon, Jean-Marc. "Sexe naturel et genre grammatical en allemand : arbitraire et référence." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040002.
This study's purpose is to give a synthetic view of the category of grammatical gender in german, particularly with regard to its connection with sensible world. We have been trying to emphasize the difficult relations between grammatical gender and natural sex, especially the apparent contradictions between both concepts: sie ist ein guter arzt * er ist eine gute arztin. This subject is not completely "neutral" like e. G. Purely morphological or syntactical phenomena : it always refers to a social reality which is continually changing. Thus we also describe in detail the polemic studies that have been written on this subject, but we always try to give most objective and coherent linguistic answer to all those questions
Guillaumin, Agnès. "Un genre textuel stéréotypé : la demande d’emploi : analyse contrastive français-allemand." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040157.
Exploring the both strange and familiar place that ‘situations wanted’ represents has been the aim of this piece of work. It is familiar because, like all text types, it seems obvious : before being a concept, the text type already exists. Situations wanted is one of those verbal routines, a stereotyped speech act using a pattern. This pattern, even though it makes formulation easier, also makes for the uniformity of all text objects ; it is this very specificity which allows a contrastive approach, whose objective is to bring to light the patterns "Demande d’emploi" and "Stellengesuch" and their common points and differences. It is a strange place between the constraints set by the situation and the freedom for the writer to turn the pattern into parole, to blow up this closed and fixed space by dynamic enunciation. After achieving the state of research, it is the integrative, Top-Down analysis (Mehrebenenmodell) based on the following categories of content, function, situation and form, which seems to be the most appropriate to account for this complex textual object. The text is first analysed using Searle’s theory of speech acts, i. E. As a directive speech act. The pragmatic approach shows the interaction of external and internal parameters. Then, the choice of an enunciative and argumentative approach allows us to describe the strategic devices brought into play by the speaker in order to influence the interlocutor and in particular, the part played by verbal subjectivity in the process of persuasion
Breysse, Chrystel. "Du général aux particulières : poitiques linguistiques de féminisation de la langue en France, Belgique, Suisse et Québec." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10066.
Olçomendy, Argia. "L'enseignement de la langue basque à l'oral : analyse linguistique et didactique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30053.
The main objective of this thesis is to know how the textual genre of the oral presentation in Basque works. This explanation will be based on empiric data: a texts' corpus produced by bilingual (French-Basque speakers) students from the Basque Studies' Department, teachers-to-become. Thus, this study shows the benefits and the lacks encountered in the productions which can be defined as a sub-gender of the oral presentation exercise: the report of a critical reading concerning a piece of literature which is a common practise in the educational institution. This analysis relies on the internal texts' structure (Bronckart, 1996) which considers several aspects of the speech: to analyse the communication situation, the textual planification and the thematic contents, the cohesion and connexion elements and how the enonciation are taken over. This study will end up on a suggestion of didactic solutions and more precisely a didactic sequence (Dolz and Schneuwly, 1998), where the obtained results will enable to improve the oral presentation as a textual genre. Some working groups can make the textual organisation tools, time articulations, modalisation skills or oral interlucations be developed
Ibernon, Laure. "La morphosyntaxe chez les syndromes de Williams francophones : le cas du genre grammatical." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30071.
The aim of this research was to re-assess gender attribution and gender agreement abilities of French Williams Syndrome (WS) participants matched to mental age (N-AM) and chronological age (N-AC) controls. We first present production data from 24 WS aged 15. We show that regarding gender attribution WS exactly display the same strategy we observe in controls: they opt for the masculine as the default gender with highly gender-marked feminine suffixes only blocking it to some degree. Regarding agreement abilities, we found that WS show poorer performance but not allowing to claim that morphosyntactic competencies are impaired in this syndrome. We then report comprehension data from 38 WS participants, subdivided in two age groups. 11-year-old WS participants’ overall level of performance is far above that of MA-controls and similar to that of CA-controls. Conversely 17-year-old WS participants’ performance is significantly lower than that of CA-controls but also lower than the one observed in MA-controls. We consider the 11-year-old WS participants’ data prove that competency regarding attribution and agreement is intact in this syndrome and show that 17-year-old WS participants’ data are not due to an impaired linguistic competency. We therefore conclude that our production and comprehension data provisionally prove that French WS grammatical gender skills are intact
Freyermuth-Wissler, Sylvie-Anne. "Des incoherences anaphoriques au mode d'expression scriptoral : plaidoyer pour un genre hybride et une profondeur du texte." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20082.
This work is the result of a research led about a set of texts, written by pupils of professional education who suffer from school failure. Most of the textual productions which compose the set studied, show significant hindrances to immediate understanding, as semantical or syntactical problems. This research is built up in two main parts: the first one is devoted to the treatment of anaphorical coherence and incoherences, within the framework of an analysis which restore balance between the different approaches, as g. Kleiber recommend it within his semantico- pragmatical theory. The second one is based on the conclusions of the first one, and particularly on the necessary intervention of cognitiveness about resolution of anaphorical incoherences problems, in order to suggest the hypothesis of the existence of a new way of expression, half-way between oral and written, and which i designate as scriptoral. This hypothesis got reinforced by the light of a beam of indications different from anaphorical incoherences, namely in particular problems of demarcation of sentence and problems of control of punctuation
Claudel, Chantal. "Comparaison du genre interview de presse en français et en japonais : une approche énonciative et pragmatique à travers la notion translangagière de figure." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030027.
The aim of this comparative analysis of the press interview as a genre in French and in Japanese is to come to an understanding of the different positions of the interviewe via the study of the linguistic marks of inscription of subjectivity in order to determine the extent to which the genre transcends cultures. The author uses the theory of indicial enunciation as well as different notions arising from interaction analysis to construct a model for descriptive analysis which makes it possible to treat French and Japanese markers in an identical fashion. She brings to light the notion of figure which constitutes the tertium comparationis that provides the point of entry into the texts. Through the analysis of the functioning of the enunciative and interlocutive categories, the author describes the discursive roles of the interviewee as presented in almost eighty French and Japanese interviews, thereby demonstrating variables and constants in the procedures. This analysis leads to the definition of different transcultural configurations of interviews
Rahal, Nejma Dounia. "Le genre des noms de métiers, titres et fonctions dans une perspective contrastive. Le cas du français, de l'allemand, de l'arabe, de l'anglais et du chinois à partir des dictionnaires." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030052.
The thesis examines the semantic gender and the social gender of occupational nouns, titles and terms in a contrastive perspective. I showed how the items examined illustrate convergences in five languages, assuming that some of these languages have the grammatical gender as French, German and Arabic while the others do not have the grammatical gender as English and Chinese. In a other way, despite the diversity of languages, the notions of semantic gender and social gender regarding the occupational nouns, titles and terms are transversal in specific reference. I showed that the presence or the absence of the grammatical gender is not enough for predicting the semantic gender or the social gender in the languages examined and I also pointed that the fact of belonging to a family of languages is not enough to predict nearby behavior. Another result concerns the role played by the " variable grammatical gender " in specific reference. That is the reason why I proposed the idea of " mirror effect ", in spécific reference : indeed, when a language possesses the grammatical gender, this language tends to have names of MTF conveying the semantic gender and has a non-tendency to the generic value. Conversely, when a language lacks the grammatical gender, then it shows a non-tendency to the semantic gender of the names of MTF and a tendency to the generic value (that is to say common gender). Concerning the social gender, all the languages examined, that is to say, which possess or not the grammatical gender contain names of MTF conveying semantic asymmetries. The typology that I proposed has identified, next to the covert gender specific to language without grammatical gender, four other types of social gender found in the five languages
Andriamamonjy, Pascale. "Le traitement du genre grammatical au cours de la lecture de mots isolés et de phrases." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2024.
This thesis investigates grammatical gender processing (masculine / feminine) during reading with adult french speakers. The two components of gender, lexical (noun gender) and syntactic (gender agreement), are described. The first part of this work is about the lexical component. It underlines that if there is no rule that allows to determine a noun's gender category, the french nominal categorisation system reveals gender cues. For example, noun endings can be used to predict noun's gender category (example: 100% of nouns ending in -er are masculine). Previous studies have shown that french speakers use statistical relations between noun's ending and noun's gender when they are asked to determine noun's gender. Eight experiments manipulate endings predictive value to evaluate gender influences during visual recognition of isolated nouns. Results from lexical decision tasks and eye movements recording suggest that gender informations are automatically processed during reading. These results show the influence of both gender information associated to nouns endings and gender information stored in the mental lexicon. The second part of the thesis concerns the syntactic component of grammatical gender. Four experiments are designed to evaluate the role of grammatical gender during reading of sentences containing or not grammatical incongruities (example: l'habit vert. . . . / l'habit verte. . . ). Results suggest that gender affects both lexical units processing (word recognition) and syntagmatic units processing (checking of gender agreement)
Wong, Kwong Cheong. "Classifying Conversations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC096/document.
That all linguistic activity and interactivity is relative to a domain/language-game /genre/conversational type has long been acknowledged by various scholars. Nonetheless, hitherto there has been no systematic theory that tries to propose a formal account regarding the make-up and range of actual and possible conversational types. In this thesis, we take a topological approach to classifying conversations and develop a formal theory of conversational types in the framework of Type Theory with Records (TTR). Non-sentential utterances (NSUs)—fragmentary utterances which are incomplete sentences but nevertheless convey a complete sentential meaning in the given context—are a characteristic phenomenon of conversation. In this thesis, we study NSUs in a Chinese corpus and investigate the distribution of NSUs across the spoken genres of the British National Corpus (BNC).This thesis tackles the topic of developing a theory of conversational types that can be used to explicate the resolution of NSUs across different conversational types. Conversely, we investigate whether the variation in the distribution of NSUs can serve as a means of structuring the space of conversational types
Ouabdelmoumen, Nadia. "Contractualisation des rapports sociaux : le volet linguistique du contrat d'accueil et d'intégration au prisme du genre." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20053/document.
Since the adoption of the law on immigration and integration on July 24, 2006, any person applying for residency in France has the legal obligation to sign the Accommodation and Integration Contract (CAI). This contract notably subordinates the issuing or the renewal of a residence permit to the completion of language tests and/or trainings. In this context, a link is explicitly established politically between the necessity of this Foucaldian apparatus and the importance of the “equality between women and men” principle, presented as a fundamental base of the “French integration ideal”.In this thesis, a fieldwork-based account of the implementation of these “offered-required” linguistic trainings demonstrates how the French teaching-learning contract is the place of the incorporation and reactualization of the consubstantial gender and social “relations” (rapports sociaux).In this case of cultural and linguistic institutional prescription, the problematizations and interpretations of the gender and social re-actualization processes are articulated with an analysis of the contexts and principles that trigger the realization of the contractual apparatus : sexual equality, the construction of opposition in immigration (“chosen vs. suffered”), employment activation policies, autonomy, equality of chances, work, diversity, etc. This will take us to consider the contractualization of social “relations” (rapports sociaux)
Partridge, Salomon Jill Kay. "Linguistique du genre et du pouvoir dans l'oeuvre de Robin Tolmach Lakoff (de 1975 à 2004)." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30073.
Professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, Robin Tolmach Lakoff is considered, in the United States, to be the founder/founding mother of language and gender studies. Her book, Language and Woman’s Place (1975), was the starting point for subsequent research in the field of language and gender studies in the USA, but more generally in the English-speaking world. She has been interested in the relations between linguistic form and psychological context, language and gender, strategies of discourse (politeness and the indirect character of utterances), various discourse genres (psychotherapeutic and courtroom discourse). Her most recent research is based on the examination of the relations between the politics of language and the language of politics, for instance the media treatment of the Hill/Thomas hearings. The analysis of gender and power in the work of Robin Tolmach Lakoff draws on three main centres of interest around which her research is structured : - women’s language, - (mis)communication in psychotherapy, - analysis of meaning making
Roche, Michel. "De l'attribution du genre aux mots nouveaux dans la langue francaise." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20001.
Our purpose was first to account for gender assignment to new words. On a corpus of 7000 french nouns, in connection with the different types of word formation (derivatives, compounds, loan words, etc. ). In some cases, the choice of gender may be attributable to a single factor, but it is generally the result of competing influences (endocentric, exocentric, morphophonological, semantic, etc. ). Historically, the proportion of masculines among new words has been growing from old french to the present day. The principal reasons are the increasing role of masculine as "unmarked" gender, the decline of some patterns of word formation, the changes in the origin of loan words, etc. The part played by grammatical gender to structure the french vocabulary tends to decrease on the morphophonological field (the connections between gender and word endings are weakening), and becomes semantically more important (development and analogical series). The balance between masculine and feminine has been upset in favour of the masculine not only from a quantitative point of view, but also from a quantitative one : the masculine vocabulary is more varied, more valued than the feminine one
Omer, Danielle. "Les activités d'emprunt : Opérations de reprise et de (re)formulation dans la production d'un genre textuel en français L2, de compétence avancée, domaine roumain." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL325.
This research relates to the borrowing activities of bibliographical sources from romanian pupils ending their bilingual studies of french as a foreign language and having to present - in self directed learning - a file from three to five pages on a subject relating to french " civilization ". The files for which a part of the sources or all the sources have been found consitute the active corpus of the research. The study focuses on the analysis of the borrowing proceedings in the sources leading to new formulations to be used in the file corresponding to a particular kind of text. The obligation to respect the constraints adapted to this kind of text contributes to set up the conditions of written production. These new formulation activities lead to a typology in which four variations of speeches are to be distinguished: repetition (1), embryonary reformulation (2), reformulation (3), personal (re) formulation based on a bibliography (4). These variations do not necessarily correspond with the improvement levels of pupils in appropriating sources, for several variations may be found in a same file. This study tries to stress the detailed and general writting work that has been carried out by the learners in those " spontaneous " new formulation exercices. That work passes too often unnoticed or is even entirely rejected from the evaluation
Bordet, Geneviève. "Étude contrastive de résumés de thèse dans une perspective d'analyse de genre." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650637.
Fèvre-Pernet, Christine. "Onomastique commerciale et genre polysémiotique : les catalogues de jouets." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296612.
Abbou, Julie. "L'antisexisme linguistique dans les brochures libertaires : pratiques d'écriture et métadiscours." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643802.
Münchow, Patricia von. "Contribution a la construction d'une linguistique de discours comparative : entrees dans le genre journal televise francais et allemand." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030043.
Adam, Séverine. "Die wissenschaftliche Rezension." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040279.
This study is devoted to the analysis of the German scientific review which is characterised by a permanent tension between regularity and flexibility. Starting out from the hypothesis that the explanation for this paradoxical tension can be found within the variability of some of the constitutional parameters of a review (subject, enunciative organization, functions), this study applies the instruments of discourse analysis and textlinguistics to a vast corpus in order to reveal and analyse, in a first step, the specific forms of each of these variables before showing frequent combinations of enunciative, functional and structural aspects, which leads, in a third step, to a reflection on the more or less distinctive prototypicality of each review
Perry, Véronique. "Aspects du genre dans la didactique de l'anglais." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1464/.
Gender is a transdisciplinary concept that can be articulated to language learning/teaching provided the study aims at encompassing its various aspects : comparing gender agreement in both languages in contact, then trying to understand the sociocultural implications of these systemic constraints, before experimenting the implementation of "gender awareness" in EFL (English as Foreign Language) classes, as required by the Convention pour la promotion de l'égalité des chances entre les filles et les garçons, les femmes et les hommes dans le système éducatif (2000 & 2006). Grounding my reflection for studies in language teaching on the Sapirian hypothesis that the language one speaks is influential of one's conception of the world, I considered gender as a "material concept" operating in languages by "a certain violence of metaphor", and the "masculine/feminine" categories as "crassly material, philosophically accidental concepts" (see Sapir's Language, 1921). After testing more than 1100 French native speakers (54% of girls/women) - among which high-school students, university students, teacher trainees (primary and secondary schools), teachers of English (high-school and university), and gender-aware people (students and teachers in gender studies, feminists) - on their uses and views of non-sexist, non-discriminatory language in French and English, I stated that French forced a binary vision of gender not only because the system is highly grammatical but also because there is no way to express gender beyond the "masculine/feminine" categories, even for non-living objects. On the contrary, in English, through the use of non-gendered pronouns (it, one, they), speakers/learners are given the opportunity to avoid the binary "he/she" pattern and are more willing to use epicene (common gender) pronouns. Consequently, gender in English might be considered as integrating a third category that could be seen as a "tiers inclus" beyond gender bicategorisation. In addition, expertise in English for French natives seems to influence the choice of epicene sentences (gender-fair/gender-neutral language) at the expense of feminization/gender-inclusive structures that are considered as emphasizing binary thinking about sex categories, even if feminization is also regarded as necessary by many, especially feminists (to compensate for male domination). Yet, when trying to get beyond these "material"/morpho-syntactic aspects, after questioning EFL teachers on their definition of "gender" in both languages, it is remarkable to see how traditional definitions of gender (as being "natural" in English, this analysis being based on the exclusion of "it" from the gender system, while the English gender system is typically a pronominal one, see Corbett's Gender, 1991) and gender usage (denial of reform usage in English-speaking countries) still influence their views. One of the ways to convince teachers that gender and language actually regulate in EFL courses is to show that proficiency in English also relies on gender awareness (misuse and abuse of pseudo-generic he instead of she, he/she or they, but also it) offering examples of class activities through which students have to deal with gender in pronouns, perform gender in role-plays, write assignments focusing on job stereotypes, these courses relying on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
Warnier, Maxime. "Contribution de la linguistique de corpus à la constitution de langues contrôlées pour la rédaction technique : l'exemple des exigences de projets spatiaux." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20065/document.
The aim of this work is to improve the clarity and precision of the technical specifications written in French by the engineers at CNES (Centre National d’Études Spatiales / National Centre for Space Studies) prior to the realization of space systems. The importance of specifications (and particularly of the requirements that are part of them) for the success of large-scale projects is indeed widely acknowledged; similarly, the main risks associated with the use of natural language (ambiguity, vagueness, incompleteness) are relatively well identified.In this context, we would like to propose a solution that would be used by the engineers at CNES (who are currently not asked to follow specific writing rules): in that respect, we believe that this solution should be both effective (i.e. it should significantly limit the above-mentioned risks) and not too disruptive (which would make it counterproductive). A Controlled Natural Language (CNL) – i.e. a set of linguistic rules constraining the lexicon, the syntax and the semantics – seems to be an interesting option, provided that it remains close enough to natural language. Unfortunately, the CNLs for technical writing that we have examined are not always relevant from a linguistic point of view.Our methodology for developping a CNL for requirements writing in French at CNES relies on the hypothesis of the existence of a textual genre; besides, we make use of existing Natural Language Processing tools and methods to validate the relevance of the rules on a corpus of genuine requirements written for former projects
Fournier, Nathalie. "L'aparté dans le théâtre français du :XVII:+17+ème siècle au :XX:+20:ème siècle : étude linguistique et dramaturgique /." Louvain : Paris : Ed. Peeters ; Société pour l'information grammaticale, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb362106441.
Michel, Lucy. "La relation entre genre grammatical et dénomination de la personne en langue française : approches sémantiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL027/document.
This research was initiated with the idea of a semantic and referential splitting of grammatical gender within the French language between nouns denoting inanimates or non-anthropomorphic animates, and nouns denoting human or anthropomorphic animates. This splitting inevitably leads to the traditional question of the arbitrary or motivated nature of grammatical gender. The fact that this study focuses only on nouns denoting human animates, and more specifically on person denominations, enables to surpass this question and analyze more carefully the difficulties that arise from the idea of a link between grammatical gender and sexual bipartition. My work, nourished both by denomination theories and material and queer theories on language, is thus centered on proposing a stereotype-based semantic analysis of grammatical gender. This analysis opposes the idea of a structural hierarchy between masculine and feminine grammatical genders, and enables to understand some of the phenomena that are usually not considered as linguistic, but rejected as ideological or political. This hypothesis is thus born of a discussion of categorization theories, and of the phenomenological and linguistic difficulties that they present. Finally, one of the goals of this work is to be appliable : I will thus propose a lexicographic model of the stereotype-based hypothesis
Gardelle, Laure. "Le genre en anglais moderne (seizième siècle à nos jours) : le système des pronoms." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040012.
While grammars of English today view gender as a category that can be easily accounted for, they fail to explain many of its uses. For example, why are there so many variations in discourse for a given referent ? Why use the feminine sometimes for a ship or a lawn, but the masculine for a fork or a spider ? This thesis explores the true foundations of the category of gender in modern English, by analyzing those pronouns on which gender is marked. After defining the notion of gender and reviewing existing theories, it offers a detailed analysis of an extensive corpus sampling language use from the 16th century to the present. It shows obvious evolutions in the use of gender in discourse ; the study seeks to determine whether they reflect systemic evolutions or whether they can be ascribed to other factors. Finally, a cognitive description of the category, enriched with a brief comparison with dialects, enables to look into the fundamental function of gender
Mira, Heba. "Masculin, féminin : l'altérité de genre en français et en arabe." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL023.
Gender alterity is one of the topics that was and still interesting to the linguists. In our thesis, we chose to study the words (all types) which have the masculine-feminine alterity and can refer to a specific human. Our study is concerned with the different grammatical classes of French and Arabic languages. We focus specifically on how the feminine is formed to note whether the word, is marked by the gender, represents the feminine as the Other or not. In other words, if the feminine word form relates, depends on the masculine or if it is an independent form. The comparison between the feminine and the Other that is related to the occupied position by each one in its relationship (masculine-feminine / Me-the Other), will allow in fact (acoording to the Other status that is attributed) to figure out if the second position of the feminine reflects a certain inferiority, which leads to a discrimination against women in the language
Bresoli, Christophe. "Etude en poétique linguistique de la poésie et du premier théâtre de Maurice Maeterlinck." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30013.
Dupont, Pascal. "Le débat interprétatif littéraire au cycle 3 de l'ecole primaire : émergence d'un genre scolaire disciplinaire." Toulouse 2, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975803.
Our research aims to explore the interpretative literary debate, a new and emblematic subject which appeared in the French primary school programs in 2002, and more particularly the conditions of its emergence as a school subject genre, from three levels: historical and epistemological, didactic, and in terms of classroom practice. To do this, we have developed the concept of the genre mega-tool, borrowed from psycholinguistics, as a place of educational intervention to build a descriptive model that can account for fields that fall within our subject, oral and literature, and translate into observable ordinary practices. We have developed this model to test two case studies in interpretation sessions of literary works. The corpus analyzed compare transcripts of sessions conducted by experienced teachers and beginning teachers, their preparation, and post-session interviews. The first case study validates the categorization of our model and specifies the linguistic components of interaction: modulation of the mediation system and report of the place of the teacher, structuring of exchange of polymanaged rounds, moving postures of student reading. The second, given over to the investment of the mega-tool by teachers to define teaching objects, plan and conduct the activity, shows that school subject genres function as an ecosystem whose components are interdependent and interrelated, and suggests the intricacy of language and subject learning
Stephan, Hayek Christelle. "Linguistique et rhétorique du monologue dans le théâtre racinien." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030042.
We have approached the particular form of language which is the monologue, to concentrate our interest on the place occupied by this form in Racine’s plays. As the analysis progressed, the monologue, that was intuitively defined as a speech held by a character to itself, became an inexhaustible mine of linguistic, pragmatic and rhetorical richness. However, the best way to analyze a linguistic form is to focus on the language that constitutes its framework, as well as on the components that turn it into a form of speech. We have tried, in the first part, to define the monologue starting from the lexicological and etymological definitions and ending up with a dramaturgical characterization of this particular form of theatrical speech; the second chapter has been exclusively dedicated to various aspects of the Racine’s monologues. In the third chapter, we have established a comparison between our corpus and the Cornelian monologues. Then, in the second part, we have only been interested in the Racine’s monologues, throughout a narrow linguistic analysis of the thirty monologs contained in his plays, revealing one by one, each of the ruling metric, syntactic and lexical mechanisms, and exploring the specificities of the communication in this so particular form of speech. The third part has been dedicated to the analysis of Racine's monologues using the concepts of rhetoric and pragmatic
Legalery, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à la caractérisation du titre de presse britannique comme genre discursif." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21228.
The analysis of frontpage headlines on the basis of discourse analysis leads to think that they are a genre by themselves, a professional product and a specific discourse which borrows from sloganization and develops some influence on the reader. The journalistic discourse can echo the political discourse whose implementation does not lie in action but in language. It is a one-way road between headlines and readers and there is no interaction. The notions of representation, sense community and consensus emerge from the relationships between newspapers and readers. Newspapers' frontpage headlines reflect the general language in a specifically professional context. Their first function is semiological. They send readers graphic signals to which they give some meaning. Their main characteristics are concision and ellipsis. Among the stylistic features compounding, metaphors and metonymies are predominant. Furthermore, determiners are few and the associations noun + noun and adjective + noun are numerous. Headlines can be compared with indirect speech acts, which paves the way for relationships with readers that are based on pragmatics
Chauveau-Thoumelin, Pierre. "Une approche constructionnelle des enclosures genre et espèce." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H010.
The French nouns genre and espèce are said to be taxonomic due to their use in the classification of living things (e.g. zoology, botany). Outside the scientific field, they show a wide range of uses. Using a corpus composed of various texts (newspaper articles, literary texts, legal and institutional documents, encyclopaedic articles, messages from online forums), this thesis presents a detailed examination of six French constructions (i.e. form-meaning pairings) involving genre and espèce, and implementing four interpretations: classifying (e.g. Molotra et Reductoonops sont deux genres d’araignées aranéomorphes), qualifying (e.g. Son obsession l’a embarqué dans une espèce de tourbillon destructeur), typifying (e.g. Elle aime participer à ce genre d’évènements; Il ne sait faire que les gâteaux genre quatre-quarts) and quantifying (e.g. Ton avis n’a aucune espèce d’intérêt; Sa bibliothèque déborde de dictionnaires en tout genre). This work is based on an analysis of the syntactic, semantic, and to some extent, discursive and pragmatic properties of these constructions. I show their relationship to the categorization and quantification phenomena, and how some of them, which function as hedges, (re)define the boundaries of categories
Rinck, Fanny. "L'article de recherche en Sciences du langage et en Lettres : figure de l’auteur et identité disciplinaire du genre." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39039.
The study describes the French research article in two disciplines of human science, linguistics and literary studies. The interest of the concept of text genre and of a quantitative and qualitative approach in corpus linguistics is exploited toward a characterization of the norms and the diversity of the texts. Description must also be useful from a didactic point of view, to help students better deal with academic writing. A framework for an enunciative analysis of the genre is introduced with the concept of “authorial figure”: how the text manifests a figure of its responsible is investigated through the polyphonic construction of such a figure (i. E. Through the multiplicity and the hierarchical organization of the points of view) ; the purpose is to put forward a linguistic analysis of the rhetorics of science and of the role of “author as a researcher”. Based on an electronic corpus of 220 articles, the semi-automatic analysis takes into account a large number of linguistic features (structural, semiotical, lexical, enunciative and morpho-syntactical aspects), and relates them to one another and to their functions in the text. The genre variations are explored with the disciplinary identities and the different images of the research activity shown by the articles, with the specificity of the Phd students articles, and with the styles (the uniques uses each writer makes of the genre studied)