Дисертації з теми "Linear integrated circuits"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Linear integrated circuits".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Devarayanadurg, Giri V. "Test selection and fault simulation for analog integrated circuits /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6040.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Yue. "A fourth order current-mode sigma-delta modulator /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841350.
Повний текст джерелаMantooth, Homer Alan. "Higher level modeling of analog integrated circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14951.
Повний текст джерелаBhattacharya, Sambuddha. "Template-driven parasitic-aware optimization of analog/RF IC layouts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6121.
Повний текст джерелаNatarajan, Ekanathan Palamadai. "KLU--a high performance sparse linear solver for circuit simulation problems." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011721.
Повний текст джерелаLui, Siu-hong. "Analog circuit design by nonconvex polynomial optimization two design examples /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557418.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Harry W. "A noniterative DC analysis program for analog integrated circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15977.
Повний текст джерелаHum, Herbert Hing-Jing. "A linear unification processor /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63790.
Повний текст джерелаJangkrajarng, Nuttorn. "Analog/RF VLSI layout generation : layout retargeting via symbolic template /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6084.
Повний текст джерелаThomsen, Axel. "High speed high accuracy signal processing with parallel analog circuits." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13846.
Повний текст джерелаBaskaya, Ismail Faik. "Physical design automation for large scale field programmable analog arrays." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31810.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: David V Anderson; Committee Co-Chair: Sung Kyu Lim; Committee Member: Aaron Lanterman; Committee Member: Abhijit Chatterjee; Committee Member: Daniel Foty; Committee Member: Paul Hasler. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Guimarães, Homero Luz. "Uma arquitetura de processamento paralelo para implementação de um trigger nível zero para instrumentação nuclear." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260880.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T02:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_HomeroLuz_D.pdf: 8320554 bytes, checksum: cbec86ea8c9ee3ad275baa5f37860192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Os experimentos em Física de alta energia tem se beneficiado enormemente do progresso alcançado na área de Microeletrônica, pois isto tem proporcionado a criação de detectores mais acurados e circuitos de processamento de sinais analógico/digitais cada vez mais rápidos e precisos. A redução no comprimento mínimo de canal dos processos CMOS além de proporcionar maior velocidade e precisão também reduz a área usada por cada canal, o que permite a implementação de mais canais numa mesma pastilha. Com um numero maior de canais por pastilha, com um mesmo numero de chips podemos programar um numero maior de canais do que anteriormente possível e com isso os físicos podem realizar uma reconstrução da trajetória de maneira mais precisa. Este Trabalho descreve uma proposta para o Trigger de nível zero baseando-se nas especificações disponíveis do Experimento Dzero no Fermi National Accelerator Laboraty (FERMILAB). Este trabalho descreve o projeto e implementação de um front-end analógico que detecta a carga provida pelo VLPC (detector luminoso usado no Dzero) seguida por um comparador de alta velocidade que fornece um nível lógico para um processador digital. O processador digital por sua vez usa uma arquitetura de processadores paralelos que, comunicando-se entre si são capazes de estimar a trajetória de partículas baseando-se em dados inicias programados a partir de simulações do detector feitas em computadores pelos Físicos. Tanto o bloco analógico quanto o processador digital foram implementados usando-se o processo CMOS90 da IBM
Abstract: The experiments in high-energy physics has benefited greatly from the progress made in the area of Microelectronics, since it has provided the creation of more accurate detectors and analog / digital signal processing circuits that are increasingly fast and accurate. The reduction in the minimum length of the channel in modern CMOS processes while providing greater speed and precision also reduces the area used by each channel, which enables the implementation of more channels on the same chip. With a larger number of channels per chip, we can with the same number of chips implement a larger number of channels than previously possible and with that physicists can perform a reconstruction of the trajectory more accurately. This work describes a proposal for a Trigger level zero based on the available specifications of the DZero experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboraty (FERMILAB). In the following pages the design and implementation of an analog front-end that detects the charge provided by the VLPC detector followed by a high-speed comparator that provides a logical level to a digital processor are described. The digital processor in turn uses an architecture of parallel processors that communicate with each other are able in order to estimate the trajectory of particles based on initial data loaded in RAM based on simulations of the detector geometry made by physicists. Both the analog block and the digital processor are implemented using the IBM CMOS90 process
Doutorado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Bridges, Seth. "Low-power visual pattern classification in analog VLSI /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6984.
Повний текст джерелаLui, Siu-hong, and 呂小康. "Analog circuit design by nonconvex polynomial optimization: two design examples." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557418.
Повний текст джерелаShana'a, Osama K. "Circuit Implementation of a High-speed Continuous-time Current-mode Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA)." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5103.
Повний текст джерелаCARLSON, GERRARD MERRILL. "THE QUALITY OF SYNTHESIZED SPEECH USING LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING ON FINITE WORDLENGTH INTEGRATED CIRCUITS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188024.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Mingyang 1981. "Macromodeling and simulation of linear components characterized by measured parameters." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112589.
Повний текст джерелаManney, Sanjay (Sanjay Leela) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Transient analysis of nonuniform high-speed interconnects." Ottawa, 1992.
Знайти повний текст джерелаSchaeffer, Ben. "Synthesis of Linear Reversible Circuits and EXOR-AND-based Circuits for Incompletely Specified Multi-Output Functions." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3783.
Повний текст джерелаSchaeffer, Ben. "Computer Aided Design of Permutation, Linear, and Affine-Linear Reversible Circuits in the General and Linear Nearest-Neighbor Models." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1541050.
Повний текст джерелаWith the probable end of Moore's Law in the near future, and with advances in nanotechnology, new forms of computing are likely to become available. Reversible computing is one of these possible future technologies, and it employs reversible circuits. Reversible circuits in a classical form have the potential for lower power consumption than existing technology, and in a quantum form permit new types of encryption and computation.
One fundamental challenge in synthesizing the most general type of reversible circuit is that the storage space for fully specifying input-output descriptions becomes exponentially large as the number of inputs increases linearly. Certain restricted classes of reversible circuits, namely affine-linear, linear, and permutation circuits, have much more compact representations. The synthesis methods which operate on these restricted classes of reversible circuits are capable of synthesizing circuits with hundreds of inputs. In this thesis new types of synthesis methods are introduced for affine-linear, linear, and permutation circuits, as well as a synthesizable HDL design for a scalable, systolic processor for linear reversible circuit synthesis.
Digvadekar, Ashish A. "A sub 1 V bandgap reference circuit /." Online version of thesis, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2595.
Повний текст джерелаMurty, Anjali. "Highly linear, rail-to-rail ICMR, low voltage CMOS operational amplifer." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14884.
Повний текст джерелаPetre, Csaba. "Sim2spice a tool for compiling simulink designs on FPAA and applications to neuromorphic circuits /." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31820.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Paul Hasler; Committee Member: Christopher Rozell; Committee Member: David Anderson. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Subramanian, Shyam. "Methods for synthesis of multiple-input translinear element networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22591.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Anderson, David; Committee Member: Habetler, Thomas; Committee Member: Hasler, Paul; Committee Member: McClellan, James; Committee Member: Minch, Bradley.
Wu, Pan. "The Design of High-Frequency Continuous-Time Integrated Analog Signal Processing Circuits." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1162.
Повний текст джерелаChan, kwong Fu. "Large-signal characterization/modeling and linearization techniques for RF power amplifiers /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20CHANK.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Zhi-Hong. "Mixed-signal testing of integrated analog circuits and modules." Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1181174339.
Повний текст джерелаAsibal, Romeo Lim. "Limitations of high speed sigma-delta A/D converter in GaAs technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15445.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Zheng, and 张政. "Passivity assessment and model order reduction for linear time-invariant descriptor systems in VLSI circuit simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44909056.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
Ko, Yus. "Design and optimization of 5GHz CMOS power amplifiers with the differential load-pull techniques." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013036.
Повний текст джерелаLo, Ernest Sze-Yuen. "Differential OFDM with iterative detection and signal space diversity for broadband wireless communication /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20LO.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
Twigg, Christopher M. "Floating Gate Based Large-Scale Field-Programmable Analog Arrays for Analog Signal Processing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11601.
Повний текст джерелаGrover, Samir. "Solving layout compaction and wire-balancing problem using linear programming on the Monsoon multiprocessor." Thesis, Connect to online version, 1995. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.mercury.concordia.ca/cr/concordia/fullcit?pMQ90885.
Повний текст джерелаYu, Chi Sun. "Effectiveness of parallel diode linearizers on bipolar junction transistor and its use in dynamic linearization /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ee-b23749362f.pdf.
Повний текст джерела"Submitted to Department of Electronic Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-134)
Xiong, Zhijie. "Radio Frequency Low Noise and High Q Integrated Filters in Digital CMOS Processes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5043.
Повний текст джерелаOmer, Mohammad. "Towards harmonious coexistence : linear and nonlinear techniques for interference management in RFICs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51938.
Повний текст джерелаU, Seng-Pan. "Tecnicas de interpolacao em filtros multiritmo com condensadores comutados para Interfaces Analogicas com filtragem de alta-frequencia = Multirate Switched-Capacitor interpolation techniques for very high-frequency Analog Front-End filtering." Thesis, University of Macau, 2002. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1873496.
Повний текст джерелаQureshi, Muhammad Shakeel. "Integrated front-end analog circuits for mems sensors in ultrasound imaging and optical grating based microphone." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29613.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Hasler, Paul; Committee Co-Chair: Degertekin, Levent; Committee Member: Anderson, David; Committee Member: Ayazi, Farrokh; Committee Member: Brand, Oliver; Committee Member: Hesketh, Peter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Park, Yunseo. "Direct Conversion RF Front-End Implementation for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and GSM/WCDMA Dual-Band Applications in Silicon-Based Technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7563.
Повний текст джерелаKillens, Jacob. "Utilizing standard CMOS process floating gate devices for analog design." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04092001-110957.
Повний текст джерелаBelkadi, Djilali. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation des circuits intégrés analogiques : application aux systèmes échantillonnés et aux circuits linéaires de haute fréquence." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0062.
Повний текст джерелаSengupta, Susanta. "Technology-independent CMOS op amp in minimum channel length." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092004-101204/unrestricted/sengupta%5Fsusanta%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMorley, Thomas, Committee Member ; Leach, Marshall, Committee Member ; Ayazi, Farrokh, Committee Member ; Rincon-Mora, Gabriel, Committee Member ; Allen, Phillip, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
Srirattana, Nuttapong. "High-Efficiency Linear RF Power Amplifiers Development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6899.
Повний текст джерелаGray, Jordan D. "Large scale reconfigurable analog system design enabled through floating-gate transistors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34660.
Повний текст джерелаWei, He Gong. "High speed power/area optimized multi-bit/cycle SAR ADCs." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2489844.
Повний текст джерелаVoigtmann, Steffen. "General linear methods for integrated circuit design." Doctoral thesis, Berlin Logos-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2850248&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Повний текст джерелаEvans, Peter Sidney Albert. "Transient response testing of linear components within mixed-signal systems." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239743.
Повний текст джерелаCoimbra, Ricardo Pureza. "Geração de tensão de referencia e sinal de sensoriamento termico usando transistores MOS em forte inversão." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/262029.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T00:43:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coimbra_RicardoPureza_M.pdf: 4991793 bytes, checksum: 2b5fb9293ae9abe4c248964485ff74e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Fontes de referência de tensão e sensores de temperatura são blocos extensivamente utilizados em sistemas microeletrônicos. Como alternativa à aplicação de estruturas consolidadas, mas protegidas por acordos de propriedade intelectual, é permanente a demanda pelo desenvolvimento de novas técnicas e estruturas originais destes circuitos. Também se destaca o crescente interesse por soluções de baixa tensão, baixo consumo e compatíveis com processos convencionais de fabricação. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um circuito que atende a estas exigências, fornecendo uma tensão de referência e um sinal de sensoriamento térmico, obtidos a partir de um arranjo adequado de transistores MOS, que operam em regime de forte inversão. O princípio de operação do circuito desenvolvido foi inspirado no conceito de que é possível empilhar n transistores MOS, polarizados com corrente adequada, de tal forma que a queda de tensão sobre a pilha de transistores, com amplitude nVGS, apresente a mesma taxa de variação térmica que a tensão VGS produzida por um único transistor. Nesta condição, a diferença entre as duas tensões é constante em temperatura, constituindo-se em uma referência de tensão. No entanto, o empilhamento de dois ou mais transistores impossibilita a operação do circuito sob baixa tensão. Isto motivou a adaptação da técnica, obtendo a tensão nVGS com o auxílio de um arranjo de resistores, sem o empilhamento de transistores. Desta forma, o potencial limitante da tensão mínima de alimentação tornou-se a própria tensão de referência, cuja amplitude é próxima de um único VGS. A estrutura desenvolvida fornece também um sinal de tensão com dependência aproximadamente linear com a temperatura absoluta, que pode ser aplicado para sensoriamento térmico. Foram fabricados protótipos correspondentes a diversas versões de dimensionamento do circuito para comprovação experimental de seu princípio de operação. O melhor desempenho verificado corresponde à geração de uma tensão de referência com coeficiente térmico de 8,7ppm/ºC, no intervalo de -40ºC a 120ºC, operando com tensão de 1V. Embora o estado da arte seja representado por índices tão baixos quanto 1ppm/ºC, para a mesma faixa de temperatura, a característica compacta do circuito e seu potencial de aplicação sob as condições de baixa tensão e baixo consumo lhe conferem valor como contribuição para este campo de pesquisa e desenvolvimento.
Abstract: Voltage references and temperature sensors are blocks extensively used in microelectronic systems. As an alternative to the use of consolidated structures that are protected by intellectual property agreements, there is a permanent demand for the development of new techniques and structures for these circuits. It can be also highlighted the growing interest for low-voltage and low-power solutions, implemented in conventional IC technologies. This work describes the development of a circuit that meets these requirements by providing a voltage reference and temperature sensing signal obtained from a suitable arrangement of MOS transistors biased in strong inversion. The operation principle of the circuit developed is based on the concept that it is possible for a stack of n MOS transistors, biased by an appropriate current, to show a voltage drop, equal to nVGS, with the same thermal variation rate as a VGS voltage produced by a single transistor. Hence, the difference between the two voltage signals is temperature independent, characterizing a voltage reference. However, the stacking of two or more transistors prevents the operation of the circuit under low voltage. This fact motivated to adapt the technique by obtaining the voltage nVGS with the aid of an array of resistors and no stacked transistors. The minimum supply voltage becomes limited only by the reference voltage itself, whose amplitude is close to a single VGS. The circuit developed also provides a voltage signal almost linearly dependent with the absolute temperature, which can be applied for thermal sensing. Prototypes corresponding to various dimensional versions of the circuit were produced to experimentally verify the principle of operation. The best performance corresponds to the generation of a voltage reference signal with 8.7ppm/ºC thermal coefficient, from -40ºC to 120ºC, under a 1V supply voltage. Although the state of the art is represented by values as low as 1ppm/ºC, at the same temperature range, the circuit's compact aspect together with the possibility to attend low-voltage and low-power requirements grants it value as contribution to this field of research and development
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Khoshniat, Ali. "A Linearly and Circularly Polarized Active Integrated Antenna." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/881.
Повний текст джерелаGuimarães, Gabriel Teófilo Neves. "CMOS linear RF power amplifier with fully integrated power combining transformer." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169084.
Повний текст джерелаThis work presents the design of a fully integrated Radio-frequency (RF) linear Power Amplifier( PA) in complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) technology. In this work we analyse the challenges in CMOS PA design as well as the state-of-the-art solutions. One such challenge presented by this technology is the low supply voltage and high-loss passives, which pose severe limits on the output power and efficiency achieved with traditional PA design methods and load impedance transformation networks. This issue is addressed by the use of on-chip, highly efficient power combining networks such as the one in this work: A series combining transformer (SCT). The problem of using CMOS becomes even more critical for recent communications standards that require high transmitter linearity such as the ones used for wireless local area network (WLAN) or 3G and 4G mobile communications. This requirement is such that the PA operate at a high power back-off from its optimum operating point, degrading efficiency. To address this problem linearization techniques such as digital pre-distortion can be used in order to decrease the necessary power back-off. In this work an analog technique of AM-PM distortion compensation is used to linearize the capacitance at the input of the amplifier’s transistors and reduce this type of distortion that severely impacts the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the signal. The design process is detailed and aims to make evident the trade-offs of PA design and particularly the impact of harmonic termination and the quality of passives on the load transformation network, the series combining transformer design is optimized for common-mode impedance tuning used for 2nd harmonic termination. The circuit has only a single amplifying stage due to its area being limited to 1:57 x 1:57 mm2 and the design is very constrained by this fact. The PA simulated performance is analyzed under various metrics. It achieves a simulated maximum output power of 24:4 dBm with a drain efficiency of 24:53% and power added efficiency (PAE) of 22%. The PA has a very flat power gain of 15:8 0:1 dB throughout the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band and is unconditionally stable with 4:9. The PA has a compression point of OP1dB = 20:03 dBm and the signal has a non-linear phase shift of = 1:2o up to this output power. A two-tone intermodulation test with 3dB back-off from OP1dB has a ratio of third-order intermodulation to fundamental of IMD3 = 24:22 dB, and lower and upper fifth order intermodulation to fundamental of IMD5Lower = 48:16 dB and IMD5Upper = 49:8 dB. Finally the PA is shown to satisfy the requirements for operation within the institute of electrical and electronic engineers (IEEE) 802.11g standard. It achieves an average output power of 15:4 dBm while having an EVM of 5:43% or 25:3 dB while satisfying the output spectrum mask for all channels.