Дисертації з теми "Limited execution"
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1
Souply, Marc. "Un système d'aide à la décision pour les négoces de matériaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC204.
Анотація:
Cette thèse détaille la mise en œuvre d'un système d'aide à la décision pour le négoce de matériaux. Le contexte industriel dans lequel évolue ce négoce y est notamment décrit, et justifie les deux axes clé où des améliorations significatives peuvent être apportées : la prédiction de la demande, et l'optimisation du réapprovisionnement. Une exploration des solutions existantes dans ces deux domaines est proposée, et une discussion sur l'applicabilité des méthodes récentes rattachées à l'industrie 4.0 est menée. Il apparaît que les industries de tailles moyennes et petites n'ont ni le besoin ni les moyens de déployer les modèles issus du big data. Pour ces raisons, la thèse propose des processus économes en puissance de calcul, mêlant des méthodes traditionnelles bien connues avec des concepts plus récents pour circonscrire les prévisions et les réapprovisionnements autour de ce qui compte réellement pour le négoce de matériaux~: des résultats fiables sur les produits clé, obtenus selon des durées opérationnelles réaliste. Pour ces raisons, le travail s'appuie principalement sur des expérimentations comme la prévision avec extraction de saisonnalité automatisée et le choix en amont du meilleur modèle prédictif parmi quatre : le modèle ARIMAX, la forêt aléatoire, le LSTM et une moyenne mobile. L'optimisation, elle, se voit accélérée par l'enchaînement de méthodes de résolution appuyées par de l'early-stopping et du warm-start, tout en tenant compte des nombreuses contraintes spécifiques au négoce. Quatre méthodes de résolution sont ainsi comparées~: un algorithme glouton, un solveur quadratique, le recuit simulé et un algorithme génétiqueThis thesis describes the implementation of a decision support system for the material trade. It describes the industrial context in which this trade operates, and justifies the two key areas where significant improvements can be made: demand prediction and replenishment optimization. Existing solutions in these two areas are explored, and the applicability of recent Industry 4.0 methods is discussed. It appears that small and medium-sized industries have neither the need nor the means to deploy Big Data models. For these reasons, this work proposes processes that save computing power, blending well-known traditional methods with more recent concepts to circumscribe forecasts and replenishments around what really matters for the material trade: reliable results on key products, obtained within realistic operational timescales. For these reasons, the study relies mainly on experiments such as forecasting with automated seasonality extraction and upstream selection of the best predictive model from four: the ARIMAX model, the random forest, the LSTM and a moving average. Optimization, on the other hand, is accelerated by a sequence of resolution methods supported by early-stopping and warm-start, while taking into account the numerous constraints specific to this trading field. Four optimization methods are compared: a greedy algorithm, a quadratic solver, simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm
2
Bachmann, Aaron Michael. "Union Deserter Executions and the Limits of State Authority." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626519.
3
Gonçalves, Leonardo de Mello. "Limites da autoexecutoriedade do poder de polícia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8980.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-13The goal of this work is to do an analysis of the administrative act self execution, verifying the hypothesis and the limits for its usage, in the context of redefining Administrative Law according to Democratic State of Law and fundamental rights. It is easy to notice that a referring point appears more intensively in police power actions which are the disciplinary administrative functions of citizens liberty and properties. Those functions rule their lives in their communities by imposing limits (what not to do) and enforcing duties (what to do) in a preventing or repressive way. It means that Administration itself can, on its own, execute police actions, without having to recur to juridical procedures. The application of self execution by Administration does not mean a violation of Judiciary inseparability principle that is showed in the 5th article 35th item of the 1988 Federal Constitution because the subject can appeal to impede it or even cancel the action. Moreover in case of overpowering or non accordance with the conditions to perform such action it can be suspended or canceled. The fact is that Administration executes administrative function and so it must satisfy public interests (of the community) and not interests or preferences of its own organization or state agents. Therefore self execution or any other related items are only instruments to be used to achieve public interests by observing the right opportunity and the right measure to do it. Concluding, in a Democratic State of Law, similar to that followed in Brazil, the Federal Constitution presents a normative system of duties attribution which leads the state work. And there are also limits for that work based on the list of rights and fundamental guarantees that represents citizens protection. Finding limits to state work and not allow that it can affect citizens rights and guarantees is a necessary action to show the state fair actuation and to impede the violation of fundamental rights that were hardly achieved
O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise da autoexecutoriedade do ato administrativo, investigando as hipóteses e os limites para sua utilização, dentro de um contexto de redefinição do Direito Administrativo, à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito e dos direitos fundamentais. Fácil é perceber que referido atributo se apresenta com maior intensidade no exercício do poder de polícia, que é a parcela da função administrativa disciplinadora da liberdade e da propriedade dos indivíduos, adequando-as à vida em sociedade, mediante a imposição de limites (deveres de não fazer) e encargos (deveres de fazer), de modo preventivo ou repressivo. Isso significa que a própria Administração pode, por si mesma, executar a pretensão traduzida no ato de polícia, sem necessidade de buscar as vias judiciais para obtê-la. A utilização da autoexecutoriedade pela Administração não implica, de forma alguma, em violação ao princípio da inafastabilidade do Judiciário, fixado no art.5°, inciso XXXV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, pois o administrado pode a ele recorrer para, conforme o caso, impedi-la ou sustá-la, diante do abuso ou da inobservância das condições para a presença desse atributo. É que a Administração exerce função administrativa e, em consequência, está adstrita a satisfazer interesses públicos, ou seja, interesses de outrem (a coletividade) e não interesses ou conveniências de seu próprio organismo e, muito menos, o dos agentes estatais. Assim, a autoexecutoriedade ou quaisquer outras prerrogativas são apenas instrumentais utilizados se, quando e na medida indispensável para atingir os interesses públicos. Enfim, num Estado Democrático de Direito, como o brasileiro, a Constituição Federal apresenta um sistema normativo de atribuição de competências para a atuação estatal, existindo, também, limitações a essa atuação, justamente com o rol (não-exaustivo) dos direitos e garantias fundamentais que servem de proteção aos cidadãos. Encontrar os limites da atuação do Estado que esbarram naqueles direitos e garantias é tarefa necessária para encontrar a justa medida da atuação do Estado e afastar a violação de direitos fundamentais arduamente conquistados
4
Aburachid, Frederico José Gervasio. "Função normativa do executivo e seus limites: a legística aplicada ao Direito Ambiental." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8Y9NX8.
Анотація:
The boundaries of the regulatory function exercised by the Executive is a matter of great controversy, especially when discussing the development and implementation of the Environmental Law. Besides the formal laws, the Environmental Law includes more than fifteen (15) types of acts, such as decrees, resolutions, Normative Resolutions, Ordinances, Instructions, etc.. These normative acts are edited to regulate the use of property, economic activities and exploitation of natural resources etc. It is a fact. Public Administration is increasingly present in the integration of normative systems, publishing general and abstract acts previously reserved only for formal law. Despite this fact, the traditional administrative law (present in most manuals of academic programs in Law) retains the theoretical concepts based on strict principle of legality and tripartition of State Power. In this sense, there are interpreters, among them lawyers, Judges, Prosecutors and University Professors who still support the idea that the Executive cannot innovate in rights and obligations. The research deals with a very current issue, what is the definition of the limits of this regulatory function performed by the Executive, especially in the brazilian subsystem of the Environmental Law. Finally, the Legistics, field of knowledge that studies the quality of law, is adopted as a way to get the rationality in the elaborative process of environmental normative acts, within a reinterpretation of the principle of legality to the support of its conclusions.Os limites da função normativa exercida pelo Executivo são matéria de grande polêmica, principalmente quando se discute a elaboração e aplicação de normas afetas ao subsistema do Direito Ambiental. Além das leis formais, o Direito Ambiental contempla mais de 15 (quinze) tipos de atos normativos, tais como Decretos, Resoluções, Deliberações Normativas, Portarias, Instruções etc. Esses atos normativos regulam o uso e a fruição da propriedade, assim como limitam o exercício de atividades econômicas e a exploração de recursos naturais etc. A Administração Pública está cada vez mais presente na integração dos sistemas normativos, editando atos gerais e abstratos antes reservados apenas à lei formal. A despeito dessa realidade, o Direito Administrativo tradicional (presente na maioria dos Manuais dos Cursos de Graduação em Direito) conserva as bases teóricas fundadas em conceitos rígidos de princípio da legalidade e tripartição do Poder Estatal. Nesse sentido, não são poucos os intérpretes, dentre os quais Advogados, Juizes de Direito, Promotores de Justiça e Professores Universitários, que defendem a ideia de que, ao Executivo, é defeso inovar em direitos e obrigações. Desse modo, a pesquisa ocupa-se de um tema extremamente atual, qual seja a definição dos limites dessa prefalada função normativa desempenhada pelo Executivo, notadamente no subsistema do Direito Ambiental brasileiro. Por fim, este trabalho aponta o instrumental da Legística, domínio do conhecimento que estuda a qualidade das normas postas, como forma de se obter a justificação racional no processo elaborativo dos atos normativos ambientais, passando pela releitura do princípio da legalidade e da separação das funções estatais para o respaldo de suas conclusões.
5
Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Tavares. "Indulto e sistema penal: limites, finalidades e propostas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7466.
Анотація:
Trata do indulto, modalidade coletiva da graça, procurando estabelecer seus limites e finalidades no âmbito do Estado moderno. Após a delimitação do tema, distinguindo-se a graça das demais modalidades de clemência estatal, e justificação das escolhas terminológicas, passa-se à evolução histórica do instituto e, em seguida, à sucinta exposição sobre a configuração atual nos ordenamentos estrangeiros. Identifica-se, não obstante a concretização da graça na maioria das Constituições modernas, uma tendência de restrição do âmbito de aplicação do instituto, tanto por parte da doutrina quanto pela jurisprudência e produção legislativa. As restrições são impostas com base na suposta necessidade de adequação da graça, cuja origem remete às prerrogativas monárquicas típicas do Estado absolutista, aos princípios fundamentais do Estado Democrático de Direito, especialmente os princípios da separação de poderes e da igualdade. Adentrando o núcleo do trabalho, procura-se estabelecer a relação entre indulto e os princípios do Estado Democrático de Direito, de forma que sejam identificados limites ao exercício da atribuição, com fulcro no texto constitucional. Afere-se, assim, a legitimidade da restrição do indulto a hipóteses caracterizadas pela excepcionalidade e irrepetibilidade, baseada em alegada relação de contradição entre a atribuição de indultar do Poder Executivo e o princípio da separação de poderes, o princípio da igualdade e os eventos regulares do mecanismo sancionatório. Delimitadas as possibilidades de exercício legítimo da atribuição, busca-se, então, fixar os parâmetros que devem pautar o conteúdo dos atos de indulto, com base nas teorias da pena. Adota-se, para tanto, a teoria preventiva positiva, procurando-se identificar hipóteses em que a execução da pena aplicada não contribuiria para a realização de suas finalidades, para elaborar, a partir disso, casos de cabimento do exercício do indulto.As a heritage of monarchical prerrogative, the presidential pardon has been restricted, put on statutory basis or even abolished in some modern States. However, it survived centuries of radical political change and is still frequently used by heads of States for many political purposes. Nevertheless, its necessary to make a distinction between legitimate legal limits and theoretical unjustified restrictions. This work addresses the presidential pardon power, specially the collective pardon, in the modern democratic rule of law States and its relation to basic statements of modern Constitutions. The theme is developed from a constitutional perspective, in order to identify the pardon limits and possibilities in the rule of law State. Although many see the collective pardons as a violation of the institutional separation of powers, this analyse will try to question that interpretation and its consequences, seeking to review the standard model by which executive pardon should be restricted to exceptional and unique situations. The core idea is to point precisely the limits to legitimated use of executive pardon in our criminal system and, based on the answers to those questions, list some situations as guiding models to the future use of collective pardon power.
6
Friesen, Allyson Dawn. "Limited access, exploring the barriers to executive style graduate degree programs for women of childbearing age." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64767.pdf.
7
Proctor, G. R. B. "'A panacea for all ills?' : the role of the non-executive director in the limited company." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420866.
8
Blair, James. "Modelling approaches for optimal liquidation under a limit-order book structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-approaches-for-optimal-liquidation-under-a-limitorder-book-structure(a7c23b2a-e2f8-4b4a-9865-8783d9837198).html.
Анотація:
This thesis introduces a selection of models for optimal execution of financial assets at the tactical level. As opposed to optimal scheduling, which defines a trading schedule for the trader, this thesis investigates how the trader should interact with the order book. If a trader is aggressive he will execute his order using market orders, which will negatively feedback on his execution price through market impact. Alternatively, the models we focus on consider a passive trader who places limit orders into the limit-order book and waits for these orders to be filled by market orders from other traders. We assume these models do not exhibit market impact. However, given we await market orders from other participants to fill our limit orders a new risk is borne: execution risk. We begin with an extension of Guéant et al. (2012b) who through the use of an exponential utility, standard Brownian motion, and an absolute decay parameter were able to cleverly build symmetry into their model which significantly reduced the complexity. Our model consists of geometric Brownian motion (and mean-reverting processes) for the asset price, a proportional control parameter (the additional amount we ask for the asset), and a proportional decay parameter, implying that the symmetry found in Guéant et al. (2012b) no longer exists. This novel combination results in asset-dependent trading strategies, which to our knowledge is a unique concept in this framework of literature. Detailed asymptotic analyses, coupled with advanced numerical techniques (informing the asymptotics) are exploited to extract the relevant dynamics, before looking at further extensions using similar methods. We examine our above mentioned framework, as well as that of Guéant et al. (2012), for a trader who has a basket of correlated assets to liquidate. This leads to a higher-dimensional model which increases the complexity of both numerically solving the problem and asymptotically examining it. The solutions we present are of interest, and comparable with Markowitz portfolio theory. We return to our framework of a single underlying and consider four extensions: a stochastic volatility model which results in an added dimension to the problem, a constrained optimisation problem in which the control has an explicit lower bound, changing the exponential intensity to a power intensity which results in a reformulation as a singular stochastic control problem, and allowing the trader to trade using both market orders and limit orders resulting in a free-boundary problem. We complete the study with an empirical analysis using limit-order book data which contains multiple levels of the book. This involves a novel calibration of the intensity functions which represent the limit-order book, before backtesting and analysing the performance of the strategies.
9
Bowling, Alexandra J. "Emotional Interference: The Impact of Task-relevant Emotional Stimuli on Cognitive Performance." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1429958352.
10
Kasuya, Yuko. "The presidential connection : party system instability and executive term limits in the Philippines /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3159873.
11
Predoiu, Silviu Nicolae. "Optimal Execution in a General One-Sided Limit-Order Book and Endogenous Dynamic Completeness of Financial Models." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/115.
Анотація:
This thesis consists of two parts. The first one is a result obtained under the supervision of Steven Shreve and with the collaboration of Gennady Shaikhet. Our work yielded a detailed description of the optimal strategies for a large investor, when she needed to buy a large amount of shares of a stock over a finite time horizon. The dynamics of the limit order book of the underlying stock is a generalization of known results to continuous time and to arbitrary distributions of the said limit order book. See the introduction section in chapter 2 for a more detailed discussion.
The second part is a result obtained under the supervision of Dmitry Kramkov. Our work yielded a sufficient condition on the structure of the economic factors, dividends of traded assets and total endowment in a single-agent economy, such that in an Arrow - Debreu - Radner equilibrium the market is complete. The main result is formulated as an integral representation theorem. Our work generalizes and complements fairly recent results in this direction (at the time of this thesis) by requiring less smoothness of the driving diffusion process at the expense of seemingly stronger conditions on the terminal dividends of the assets. See the introduction section in chapter 3 for a more detailed discussion.
12
Bogren, Patrik, and Isak Kristola. "Exploring the use of call stack depth limits to reduce regression testing costs." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43166.
Анотація:
Regression testing is performed after existing source code has been modified to verify that no new faults have been introduced by the changes. Test case selection can be used to reduce the effort of regression testing by selecting a smaller subset of the test suite for later execution. Several criteria and objectives can be used as constraints that should be satisfied by the selection process. One common criteria is function coverage, which can be represented by a coverage matrix that maps test cases to methods under test. The process of generating and evaluating these matrices can be very time consuming for large matrices since their complexity increases exponentially with the number of tests included. To the best of our knowledge, no techniques for reducing execution matrix size have been proposed. This thesis develops a matrix-reduction technique based on analysis of call stack data. It studies the effects of limiting the call stack depth in terms of coverage accuracy, matrix size, and generation costs. Further, it uses a tool that can instrument Java projects using Java’s instrumentation API to collect coverage information on open-source Java projects for varying depth limits of the call stack. Our results show that the stack depth limit can be significantly reduced while retaining high coverage and that matrix size can be decreased by up to 50%. The metric we used to indicate the difficulty of splitting up the matrix closely resembled the curve for coverage. However, we did not see any significant differences in execution time for lower depth limits.
13
Petutschnig, Matthias. "Regulatory Compensation Limits and Business Performance - Evidence from the National Football League." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5564/1/SSRN%2Did2972655.pdf.
Анотація:
Executives' compensation has been on the forefront of the public and political debate since
the recent financial crisis. One of the measures publicly discussed is a general upper
boundary to top management compensation packages ("salary cap", "maximum wage").
While such measures are novelties to the corporate world, the North American major sports
leagues have been using maximum compensation regulations for decades. This paper
exploits the 23-year experience with salary cap regulations from the National Football
League (NFL). The results show a significant negative relation between the success of NFL
teams and the amount of the net (after-tax) salary cap represented by the personal income
tax rate of the teams' home states. A team from California (highest average tax rate) wins
2.256 games less per year and has an 11% reduced probability of making the playoffs than
a team located in a no-tax state such as Florida or Texas. The paper contributes to and
informs the ongoing public and political debate regarding the regulation of executive
compensation, and its effects on the performance of the regulated entities.Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
14
Lallinger, Stefan. "Madison, Hamilton, and Reagan: The Limits of Executive Power in Foreign Policy and the Reagan Intervention in Nicaragua." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1324.
Анотація:
The distribution of power between the executive branch and the legislative branch in the realm of foreign policy is a delicate balance and one that has been debated since the Founding Fathers met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. The debate has gotten no less intense and no less crucial in the modern, nuclear age, and it remains unresolved. The Reagan administration's foray into Nicaragua during the 1980's and its confrontations with Congress during that time period illuminate the complexities of the power-sharing arrangement in foreign policy and offer the ideal case study of executive-legislative war power. The lessons to be drawn from America's involvement in Nicaragua are that the expanded Presidential power in the realm of foreign policy are necessary for the safety of the country in today's world, but dangerous without the vigorous oversight and ultimate check by Congress.
15
Boldrini, Rodrigo Pires da Cunha. "Garantias de direitos e separação dos poderes. No Brasil atual, o princípio da separação dos poderes opõe limites à garantia de direitos sociais pelo judiciário contra omissões do executivo?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-27082013-141654/.
Анотація:
In Brasile, da 1988, il principio della separazione dei poteri significa che il giudici sono competente per garantisce i diritti sociali contro la incostituzionalità per omissione del Potere Esecutivo. La separazione dei poteri è un principio di garanzia dei diritti sociali. Il Potere Giudiziario è in grado de esercitare la giurisdizione per garanzia di stessi diritti, in conformità con la Costituzione ed con il stesso principio.No Brasil pós-1988, o princípio da separação dos Poderes não impede que o Poder Judiciário garanta direitos sociais contra omissões inconstitucionais do Poder Executivo. A Constituição, entendida como fruto da cultura dos povos, como documento político fundamental e como norma jurídica superior, permite que se conceba a separação de Poderes como um princípio de garantia aos direitos sociais. Consagra, também, um Judiciário independente e harmônico, entendido como um fator real de poder, capaz de, no exercício da sua competência político-constitucional, assegurar direitos sociais, em cumprimento à Constituição e ao próprio princípio da separação dos Poderes.
16
Ronan, Jim. "A resolution without resolve how the War Powers Resolution has failed to limit the powers of the presidency /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495953611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
17
DiPaolo, Amanda. "The separation of powers : a framework for guiding judicial decision making when the executive limits individual liberties during armed hostilities." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
18
Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134747.
Анотація:
Background: Old-old age (80+ years) is associated with substantial cognitive decline. In this population, training-induced cognitive plasticity has rarely been studied. While earlier findings on strategy trainings suggested reduced training gains in old-old age, recent results of an extensive process-based working memory (WM) training have been more positive. Objective: Following up on previous research, the present study aimed at examining the effects of a short WM training in old-old adults and the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Methods: A training group (mean age: 86.8 years) and a matched control group (mean age: 87.1 years) participated in the study. The WM training consisted of five tasks that were trained in each of 10 sessions. To evaluate possible transfer effects, executive functions were assessed with two tests before and after training. The training group was divided via median split in high- and low-capacity individuals to determine the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Results: The training group improved in four of the trained tasks (medium-to-large effects). Training gains were significantly larger in the training group than in the control group in only two of those tasks. The training effects were mainly driven by the low-capacity individuals who improved in all trained tasks. No transfer effects were observed. Conclusions: These positive effects of a short WM training, particularly for low-capacity individuals, emphasize the potential for cognitive plasticity in old-old age. The absence of transfer effects may also point to its limitsDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
19
Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Karger, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27594.
Анотація:
Background: Old-old age (80+ years) is associated with substantial cognitive decline. In this population, training-induced cognitive plasticity has rarely been studied. While earlier findings on strategy trainings suggested reduced training gains in old-old age, recent results of an extensive process-based working memory (WM) training have been more positive. Objective: Following up on previous research, the present study aimed at examining the effects of a short WM training in old-old adults and the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Methods: A training group (mean age: 86.8 years) and a matched control group (mean age: 87.1 years) participated in the study. The WM training consisted of five tasks that were trained in each of 10 sessions. To evaluate possible transfer effects, executive functions were assessed with two tests before and after training. The training group was divided via median split in high- and low-capacity individuals to determine the influence of baseline WM capacity on training gains. Results: The training group improved in four of the trained tasks (medium-to-large effects). Training gains were significantly larger in the training group than in the control group in only two of those tasks. The training effects were mainly driven by the low-capacity individuals who improved in all trained tasks. No transfer effects were observed. Conclusions: These positive effects of a short WM training, particularly for low-capacity individuals, emphasize the potential for cognitive plasticity in old-old age. The absence of transfer effects may also point to its limits.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
20
Faria, Eunice Silvia de. "A atuação do estado na implementação/execução da política pública de assistência social: limites e possibilidades no âmbito das regionais da SEDESE em MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5890.
Анотація:
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Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a implementação da PNAS/SUAS, através da análise da atuação da SEDESE/Diretorias Regionais no estado de Minas Gerais, no período de 2007 a 2014. Para tanto, realizamos estudo bibliográfico, análise documental das atas do CEAS e decretos atinentes à temática, além de pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos atuantes neste âmbito – Diretores Regionais e Técnicos de Nível Superior. Constatamos que as Diretorias Regionais atuam no sentido do cumprimento de seu papel enquanto ente estadual regionalizado, porém que lhe faltam maior suporte para exercer em plenitude as suas atribuições, sendo os grandes gargalos a centralização das ações no nível central e a falta de aportes financeiros para melhoria das condições de trabalho, para que haja mais permanência de trabalhadores e maior capacidade de realização de assessoramento técnico nos municípios, atualmente a maior frente de trabalho dessas estruturas. Notou-se a partir de 2015, ano em que houve a inserção dos Técnicos de Nível Superior nas Diretorias, que passou a existir um esforço maior de escuta e de diálogo visando o fortalecimento dessas regionais. Através da análise das atas do CEAS constatou-se ainda que o estado de Minas Gerais trabalha muito proativamente em relação à política nacional de assistência social, destacando-se em diversos aspectos, como no cofinanciamento da política, grande desafio devido à extensão do estado, que agrupa um quinto dos municípios do país, e no assessoramento técnico, aderindo à propostas nacionais de capacitação, realizando oficinas e cursos regionalizados, o que facilita muito a adesão dos municípios e a relação de mais proximidade com a esfera pública estatal. Em relação à implementação da PNAS/SUAS constatamos que em Minas Gerais houve grande esforço na perspectiva da materialização desta política, que se expressa através da estruturação das instâncias de gestão, pactuação e deliberação, da implantação dos equipamentos e execução dos principais programas, projetos e benefícios socioassistenciais.
This research aims to implement the PNAS/SUAS, through the analysis of the work of SEDESE/Diretorias Regionais do Estado de Minas Gerais, from 2007 to 2014. For that, we did a bibliographic study, documentary analysis of the CEAS and decrees related to this theme, as well as field research with the subjects involved in this area – Regional Directors and Technical Higher Level. We find out that the Regional Directories act in the sense of fulfilling their role as a regionalized state entity, however they lack greater support to fully exercise their attributions, the major obstacles being the centralization of actions and the lack of financial contributions to improvement of working conditions, so that there is more permanence of workers and greater capacity of accomplishment of technical advice in the cities, currently the biggest work front of these Directorships. It was noticed from 2015, when the Higher Education Technicians were inserted in the Boards of directors, there was a greater effort of listening and discussion aimed at the strengthening of these regional ones. Through the analysis of the minutes of the CEAS, it was also observed that the Minas Gerais’s work is very proactive in relation to the national politics of social assistance, standing out in several aspects, such as the cofinancing of the policy, immense challenge due to the extension of the state, which groups a fifth part of the cities in the country, and technical advice, adhering to national training proposals, doing regional workshops and courses, which is much easier to the adhesion of towns and closer relationship to the state government. Regarding the implementation of PNAS/SUAS, we have seen that in Minas Gerais there was a huge effort to make it works, through the structuring of the management, pacing and deliberation instances, the implementation of the equipments and execution of the main plans, projects and social assistance benefits.
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Massa, Rubens Mussolin. "Alheios ao risco: influências das falhas de julgamento dos empreendedores na avaliação de oportunidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13502.
Анотація:
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Estudos passados demonstram que empreendedores, ao contrário do que se imaginava, não diferem de outros decisores quanto a sua propensão ao risco; porém, diferem quanto à percepção deste. Sabendo que a percepção varia entre os indivíduos, é objetivo deste estudo entender a relação entre os vieses cognitivos, a percepção de risco e a avaliação de oportunidades, partindo da premissa de que estes são, ao menos em parte, responsáveis por esta variação entre os indivíduos. O trabalho faz uma revisão da literatura da racionalidade limitada e do julgamento sob incerteza, abordando em especial a pesquisa em cognição empreendedora e percepção do risco, buscando estabelecer conexões teóricas entre elas. Em consonância com outros trabalhos da área, empiricamente o trabalho se desenvolveu através de pesquisa quantitativa utilizando surveys aplicados a micro e pequenos empreendedores, com respostas utilizadas em um modelo de equações estruturais que testou a influência dos vieses cognitivos na percepção de risco do empreendedor, influenciando sua avaliação de oportunidades. Os resultados, em dissonância com outros trabalhos acadêmicos sobre o tema, demonstram que apesar da hipótese de que a baixa percepção de risco do empreendedor está associada com uma avaliação mais positiva de oportunidades ser aceita, as demais, referentes a influência dos vieses cognitivos na avaliação de oportunidades e à mediação da percepção de risco na relação entre os vieses cognitivos e a avaliação de oportunidades, demonstraram-se em sua maioria não conclusivas, sendo uma delas rejeitada.
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Olds, Michael. "The stream cannot rise above its source: The principle of responsible government informing a limit on the ambit of the Executive Power of the Commonwealth." Thesis, Olds, Michael (2016) The stream cannot rise above its source: The principle of responsible government informing a limit on the ambit of the Executive Power of the Commonwealth. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35674/.
Анотація:
The Executive Power of the Commonwealth is shrouded in mystery. Although the scope of the legislative power of the Commonwealth Parliament has been settled for some time, the development of the Executive power has not followed suit.
Over the last decade, the High Court has developed jurisprudence on the Executive Power – largely invoking more questions than answers – and while not conclusively defining it, certainly suggesting that there are limits. This thesis argues that one limit is the principle of responsible government.
Responsible government requires that the Executive government be accountable to the Parliament. The accountability aspect allows Parliament to scrutinise the conduct of the Executive. This is of critical importance because the Executive has its own sphere of activity, acting through its non-statutory power, prerogative power and nationhood power. When the Executive acts, the activities necessarily require the expenditure of money. The money the Executive expends is not its own money, rather, it is public money in the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
This thesis examines two key cases of expenditure initiated by the Executive government; Pape, and the impugned Tax Bonus Act that provided the fiscal stimulus package in the wake of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis; and Williams, which was a contract between the Commonwealth Government and Scripture Union Queensland for funding under the National Schools Chaplaincy Programme.
Overall, this thesis highlights that as responsible government is entrenched in the Constitution, and the final say on all expenditure is provided by Parliament as representative of the people, the outcomes of the Pape and Williams cases point to the High Court limiting the ambit of the Executive Power by reference to the principle of responsible government.
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Čapková, Barbora. "Porovnání české společnosti s ručením omezeným a jejího založení a vzniku s Gesellschaft mit beschrankten Haftung (GmbH) v SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197257.
Анотація:
The master's thesis deals with the characteristics of a limited liability company in the Czech Republic and Germany. It focuses primarily on the issues of establishment and incorporation of the company and looks for and comments the possible differences in the legislation of the both countries. The thesis is divided into thematic units to be synoptic, where within each unit characterizes in the first instance the Czech legislation, thereafter German legislation and then subsequently are the both legislations compared. The aim of the thesis is to familiarize the readers with the basic differences in the both legislations.
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Novais, Maria Elisa Cesar. "A tutela executiva nas ações coletivas em defesa do consumidor: as iniciativas e as estratégias dos legitimados para viabilizar a efetividade dos interesses individuais homogêneos nas execuções coletivas frente aos limites interpretativos impostos pelo poder judiciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-10012014-165521/.
Анотація:
A efetividade do provimento jurisdicional é a mais importante das atividades da jurisdição. A simples declaração de um direito não é suficiente, se não for possível usufrui-lo. No caso de ações coletivas, a efetividade é a resposta para a pacificação de conflitos sociais de grandes dimensões. Todavia a efetividade de uma demanda coletiva é um dos maiores desafios tanto do Poder Judiciário como dos legitimados à ação coletiva, em vista das dificuldades que se apresentam na legislação, ensejando interpretações divergentes e que, por vezes, provocam o detrimento da tutela coletiva. O presente trabalho, a partir de dados empíricos sobre a experiência de uma espécie de legitimado à ação coletiva associação civil e mediante pesquisa estruturada da jurisprudência que se forma sobre o assunto, pretende levantar pontos sensíveis para a baixa efetividade dos provimentos jurisdicionais proferidos em ações coletivas. Os pontos sensíveis enfatizados são objeto de discussão e teorização, com o objetivo de apresentar caminhos e pontuar profundas dificuldades para a efetividade da tutela coletiva, sem a pretensão de dar solução para tais problemas, mas a ideia de alguns encaminhamentos, buscando a experiência no Direito Comparado. Conclui-se, essencialmente, que o caminho para a efetividade da demanda coletiva passa pela execução coletiva e pela tutela mandamental, que precisam ser melhor trabalhadas pelos legitimados e melhor apreciadas e compreendidas pelo Poder Judiciário.The effectiveness of the jurisdictional provision is the most important activity of jurisdiction. The simple declaration of a right is not enough, if you can not enjoy it. In the case of class actions, the effectiveness is the answer to the pacification of large range social conflicts. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of a class action is a major challenge both the judiciary as the public and private entities those can file a class action, in view of the difficulties that arise in the legislation, allowing for different interpretations and that, sometimes, cause the detriment of collective defense. This paper, based on empirical data on the experience of a kind of private entity that can file a class action non-governmental organization and through structured research that establishes the cases on the subject, aims to raise sensitive issues for the low effectiveness of courts judgments in class action. Tender points emphasized are the subject of discussion and theorizing, with the goal of presenting paths and deep trouble for the effectiveness of collective defense, without claiming to provide solutions to such problems, but the idea of some referrals, seeking experience in Comparative Law. It is concluded, essentially, that the path to the effectiveness of collective class action goes through the collective enforcement by supervisory writ, that need to be worked by public and private entities those can file a class action and better appreciated and understood by the judiciary.
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Farooqi, Aijaz. "School-age outcomes of children born at the limit of viability : a Swedish national prospective follow-up study at 10 to 12 years." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1031.
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Hejlová, Veronika. "Osobní a kapitálové společnosti - účetní a daňové souvislosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359792.
Анотація:
The aim of this diploma thesis is to consider whether capital companies are more advantageous than partnerships from perspective of taxation of companion's income. Only companies in the Czech legal environment are included. The initial hypothesis is that limited liability company and joint-stock company are the best option, because according to statistical data these are the most frequently present legal forms of business in the Czech Republic. The comparison is carried out in general model of taxation of selected type of income. The parts of this thesis are also attachments which complement analyses by some summaries and calculations.
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Iuga, Relu Adrian. "Modélisation et analyse statistique de la formation des prix à travers les échelles, Market impact." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1090/document.
Анотація:
Le développement des marchés électroniques organisés induit une pression constante sur la recherche académique en finance. L'impact sur le prix d'une transaction boursière portant sur une grande quantité d'actions sur une période courte est un sujet central. Contrôler et surveiller l'impact sur le prix est d'un grand intérêt pour les praticiens, sa modélisation est ainsi devenue un point central de la recherche quantitative de la finance. Historiquement, le calcul stochastique s'est progressivement imposé en finance, sous l'hypothèse implicite que les prix des actifs satisfont à des dynamiques diffusives. Mais ces hypothèses ne tiennent pas au niveau de la ``formation des prix'', c'est-à-dire lorsque l'on se place dans les échelles fines des participants de marché. Des nouvelles techniques mathématiques issues de la statistique des processus ponctuels s'imposent donc progressivement. Les observables (prix traité, prix milieu) apparaissent comme des événements se réalisant sur un réseau discret, le carnet d'ordre, et ceci à des échelles de temps très courtes (quelques dizaines de millisecondes). L'approche des prix vus comme des diffusions browniennes satisfaisant à des conditions d'équilibre devient plutôt une description macroscopique de phénomènes complexes issus de la formation des prix. Dans un premier chapitre, nous passons en revue les propriétés des marchés électroniques. Nous rappelons la limite des modèles diffusifs et introduisons les processus de Hawkes. En particulier, nous faisons un compte rendu de la recherche concernant le maket impact et nous présentons les avancées de cette thèse. Dans une seconde partie, nous introduisons un nouveau modèle d'impact à temps continu et espace discret en utilisant les processus de Hawkes. Nous montrons que ce modèle tient compte de la microstructure des marchés et est capable de reproduire des résultats empiriques récents comme la concavité de l'impact temporaire. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions l'impact d'un grand volume d'action sur le processus de formation des prix à l'échelle journalière et à une plus grande échelle (plusieurs jours après l'exécution). Par ailleurs, nous utilisons notre modèle pour mettre en avant des nouveaux faits stylisés découverts dans notre base de données. Dans une quatrième partie, nous nous intéressons à une méthode non-paramétrique d'estimation pour un processus de Hawkes unidimensionnel. Cette méthode repose sur le lien entre la fonction d'auto-covariance et le noyau du processus de Hawkes. En particulier, nous étudions les performances de cet estimateur dans le sens de l'erreur quadratique sur les espaces de Sobolev et sur une certaine classe contenant des fonctions « très » lissesThe development of organized electronic markets induces a constant pressure on academic research in finance. A central issue is the market impact, i.e. the impact on the price of a transaction involving a large amount of shares over a short period of time. Monitoring and controlling the market impact is of great interest for practitioners; its modeling and has thus become a central point of quantitative finance research. Historically, stochastic calculus gradually imposed in finance, under the assumption that the price satisfies a diffusive dynamic. But this assumption is not appropriate at the level of ”price formation”, i.e. when looking at the fine scales of market participants, and new mathematical techniques are needed as the point processes. The price (last trade, mid-price) appears as events on a discrete network, the order book, at very short time scales (milliseconds). The Brownien motion becomes rather a macroscopic description of the complex price formation process. In the first chapter, we review the properties of electronic markets. We recall the limit of diffusive models and introduce the Hawkes processes. In particular, we make a review of the market impact research and present this thesis advanced. In the second part, we introduce a new model for market impact model at continuous time and living on a discrete space using process Hawkes. We show that this model that takes into account the market microstructure and it is able to reproduce recent empirical results as the concavity of the temporary impact. In the third chapter, we investigate the impact of large orders on the price formation process at intraday scale and at a larger scale (several days after the meta-order execution). Besides, we use our model to discuss stylized facts discovered in the database. In the fourth part, we focus on the non-parametric estimation for univariate Hawkes processes. Our method relies on the link between the auto-covariance function and the kernel process. In particular, we study the performance of the estimator in squared error loss over Sobolev spaces and over a certain class containing "very'' smooth functions
28
Majtanová, Marie. "Optimalizace výplaty příjmů společníků a jednatelů od obchodní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223081.
Анотація:
The diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of the income payment the partner (shareholder), who is also the executive heads of a trading company with limited liability. An analysis of the incomes paid according to their amount and type is fundamental for the choice of the optimum variants in the particular trading company. The result achieved is a reduction of the costs associated with the payment of the company´s and the partner´s financial resources. The thesis will help founders of companies to save costs related to expenditure incurred in the disbursement of financial resources for their personal use.
29
Rep, Thomas. "Die Eignung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO als Instrument der Insolvenzprophylaxe unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der mittelständischen GmbH." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-114993.
Анотація:
Liest und verfolgt man die diversen in der jüngeren Vergangenheit ergangenen Presseverlautbarungen und Stellungnahmen zum Thema Überschuldung im Allgemeinen und dem insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsbegriff im Besonderen, drängt sich einem der Verdacht auf, dass ein wie auch immer geartetes Problembewusstsein zu diesem Thema gewollt in die Bedeutungslosigkeit geschrieben worden ist. Nach überwiegend herrschender Meinung seien die insolvenzrechtliche Überschuldung und der damit einhergehende Insolvenzantragsgrund mittlerweile obsolet. Dieser Meinungsstand verwundert doch stark angesichts der nach wie vor hohen Anzahl an Unternehmensinsolvenzen, insbesondere im Bereich mittelständischer Unternehmen. Obgleich bei einem Gutteil der betroffenen Unternehmen als Insolvenzantragsgrund die Zahlungsunfähigkeit angegeben worden ist, darf dies nicht darüber hinweg täuschen, dass einer Illiquidität in aller Regel eine Überschuldung vorausgeht. Dabei spielt es objektiv betrachtet keine Rolle, ob es sich um eine bilanzielle, rechnerische oder insolvenzrechtliche Überschuldung handelt; in allen Fällen vermag das Vermögen die Schulden nicht mehr zu decken, m.a.W.: die Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit ist nicht mehr gegeben. Die Erhaltung der Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens ist so gesehen der erste Schritt zur Insolvenzprophylaxe. Allerdings sind die normierten handelsrechtlichen Rechnungslegungsvorschriften aus vielerlei Gründen nur bedingt geeignet, die Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens verlässlich zu überprüfen. Insoweit erscheint es folgerichtig, gerade für die mittelständische GmbH eine Ergänzung der aktuellen Rechnungslegung durch eine permanente Schuldendeckungskontrolle, wie sie bereits durch die ältere Zerschlagungsstatik bzw. statische Interpretation der Bilanz gefordert wurde, vorzusehen und damit den organschaftlichen Vertreter der mittelständischen GmbH in die Lage zu versetzen, im Rahmen seiner Selbstinformationsverpflichtung den Bestand des Unternehmens zu sichern und die externen Gläubiger angemessen zu schützen. Die präventive Anwendung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO zur Schuldendeckungskontrolle ermöglicht dem organschaftlichen Vertreter zweierlei: In Abhängigkeit von der Frühzeitigkeit der Vornahme einer solchen Prüfungshandlung kann deren Informationsgehalt entweder insolvenzprophylaktisch im Sinne einer erfolgreichen außergerichtlichen Sanierung wirken oder aber zumindest den Weg zu einer rechtzeitigen und geordneten Insolvenzantragstellung weisen. Das Ergebnis der Überschuldungsprüfung kann so dazu beitragen, erste Indikatoren bestehender Fehlentwicklungen und Schieflagen bereits im Vorfeld einer sich abzeichnenden Krise aufzuzeigen. Anzeichen dieser Art sind in aller Regel schon lange vor Eintritt der Insolvenzantragspflicht im Zahlenwerk der betreffenden Unternehmen erkennbar.
30
Novotná, Eliška. "Porovnání české společnosti s ručením omezeným a jejího založení a vzniku s Gesellschaft mit beschrankten Haftung (GmbH) v SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114227.
Анотація:
This master dissertation is dedicated to the main characteristics and to the process of establishment of Private Limited Company in the Czech Republic and Germany and to the comparison of these two national legal forms. The goal of this work is to compare Czech and German Ltd. in a very clear way, so the reader can understand what the differences of this type of company in the national legal forms mentioned above are and what have on the contrary in common. The work deals also with the Czech and German Ltd. in separated chapters in order to be the comparison for the reader comprehensible. In the end of the master dissertation is expressed the author's opinion, which national legal form of this type of company is better and in what way.
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Jumelle-Paulet, Delphine. "La part de l’irrationnel dans les processus de sélection des futurs dirigeants des grandes entreprises françaises." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020088/document.
Анотація:
La part de l’irrationnel dans les processus de sélection des futurs dirigeants des grandes entreprises françaises. Cette thèse explore la part d’irrationalité intervenant dans les processus de sélection des futurs dirigeants français. Examinant les profils des dirigeants français du début du 21ème siècle, elle souligne la persistance d’une doxa cartésienne, c’est-à-dire la croyance en l’autorité de la conscience et de la raison dans la détection, la sélection ou la génération d’élites et plus particulièrement de dirigeants dans les organisations, réalisant en particulier un biais de sélection sociale précoce pour l’accès à la direction des grandes entreprises. Combinant les apports des théories de l’agence, des échelons supérieurs, et de la rationalité limitée, ce travail construit une vision intégrative des enjeux et paramètres de la sélection des futurs dirigeants à plusieurs niveaux (individus, systèmes, réseaux, organisation, culture), et analyse comment des processus rationnels peuvent être modifiés par des formes d’irrationalité, des premiers moments de détection et de fabrique des talents à celle, à la fois plus symbolique et signifiante, de la dirigeance. Le cadre conceptuel du leader transcendant permet de représenter une vision intégrative du leadership, et d’explorer les « nouvelles » qualités que les processus de sélection devront identifier, illustrant l’inadéquation des processus traditionnels aux enjeux des entreprises modernes. Ce travail met en lumière la nécessité de réévaluer les pratiques de la sélection des dirigeants au travers d’une rationalité procédurale plus en adéquation avec la réalité opératoire, à la fois sur le plan de la rationalité sous-jacente (les valeurs et critères du leadership), de ses outils (les méthodes d’évaluation), et de son objet (une articulation intégrative et continue du développement et de la sélection assumant une part d’irrationnel)The purpose of this research work is to investigate how irrationality plays a significant role in selecting top executives in French corporates. Upon an in-depth review of the making of top executives in France at the beginning of the 21st century, it appears that a Cartesian rationale still prevails, based on the sheer belief that conscience and reason must be the unique dimensions used in selecting, promoting, and thus, perpetuating elites, from the early school years to the appointment of the C-suite in large organisations. Three theories are central in this research work: the agency theory, the upper echelon theory, as well as the bounded rationality theory. Combining them in an integrative conceptual framework allows to understand how strong rational patterns might be affected by forms and mechanisms of irrationality all along the process of identifying and developing future leaders to the more significant moment when they are appointed. Ultimately, the outcome of this research work shows that the model of « transcendent leadership » seems more effective than others to address the challenges of identifying and selecting executives in modern organisations. This leads to examining how to build more robust systems of executive selection at three levels of progress: (a) underlying values and patterns of leadership, (b) assessment tools and processes and (c) conscious acceptance of irrationality as a significant part of talent and executive spotting and development
32
Rep, Thomas. "Die Eignung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO als Instrument der Insolvenzprophylaxe unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der mittelständischen GmbH." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19911.
Анотація:
Liest und verfolgt man die diversen in der jüngeren Vergangenheit ergangenen Presseverlautbarungen und Stellungnahmen zum Thema Überschuldung im Allgemeinen und dem insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsbegriff im Besonderen, drängt sich einem der Verdacht auf, dass ein wie auch immer geartetes Problembewusstsein zu diesem Thema gewollt in die Bedeutungslosigkeit geschrieben worden ist. Nach überwiegend herrschender Meinung seien die insolvenzrechtliche Überschuldung und der damit einhergehende Insolvenzantragsgrund mittlerweile obsolet. Dieser Meinungsstand verwundert doch stark angesichts der nach wie vor hohen Anzahl an Unternehmensinsolvenzen, insbesondere im Bereich mittelständischer Unternehmen. Obgleich bei einem Gutteil der betroffenen Unternehmen als Insolvenzantragsgrund die Zahlungsunfähigkeit angegeben worden ist, darf dies nicht darüber hinweg täuschen, dass einer Illiquidität in aller Regel eine Überschuldung vorausgeht. Dabei spielt es objektiv betrachtet keine Rolle, ob es sich um eine bilanzielle, rechnerische oder insolvenzrechtliche Überschuldung handelt; in allen Fällen vermag das Vermögen die Schulden nicht mehr zu decken, m.a.W.: die Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit ist nicht mehr gegeben. Die Erhaltung der Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens ist so gesehen der erste Schritt zur Insolvenzprophylaxe. Allerdings sind die normierten handelsrechtlichen Rechnungslegungsvorschriften aus vielerlei Gründen nur bedingt geeignet, die Schuldendeckungsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens verlässlich zu überprüfen. Insoweit erscheint es folgerichtig, gerade für die mittelständische GmbH eine Ergänzung der aktuellen Rechnungslegung durch eine permanente Schuldendeckungskontrolle, wie sie bereits durch die ältere Zerschlagungsstatik bzw. statische Interpretation der Bilanz gefordert wurde, vorzusehen und damit den organschaftlichen Vertreter der mittelständischen GmbH in die Lage zu versetzen, im Rahmen seiner Selbstinformationsverpflichtung den Bestand des Unternehmens zu sichern und die externen Gläubiger angemessen zu schützen. Die präventive Anwendung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO zur Schuldendeckungskontrolle ermöglicht dem organschaftlichen Vertreter zweierlei: In Abhängigkeit von der Frühzeitigkeit der Vornahme einer solchen Prüfungshandlung kann deren Informationsgehalt entweder insolvenzprophylaktisch im Sinne einer erfolgreichen außergerichtlichen Sanierung wirken oder aber zumindest den Weg zu einer rechtzeitigen und geordneten Insolvenzantragstellung weisen. Das Ergebnis der Überschuldungsprüfung kann so dazu beitragen, erste Indikatoren bestehender Fehlentwicklungen und Schieflagen bereits im Vorfeld einer sich abzeichnenden Krise aufzuzeigen. Anzeichen dieser Art sind in aller Regel schon lange vor Eintritt der Insolvenzantragspflicht im Zahlenwerk der betreffenden Unternehmen erkennbar.
33
Красицька, Л. В., L. V. Krasytska, Л. В. Красицкая та ORCID: http://orcid org/0000-0002-9187-4445. "Проблеми здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей : дис". Thesis, Вінниця, 2015. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/943.
Анотація:
Красицька, Л. В. Проблеми здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей : дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук : 12.00.03 / Красицька Лариса Василівна; Ген. прокуратура України, Нац. акад. прокуратури України. - Вінниця, 2015. - 496 с.Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню відносин, що складаються у процесі здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Визначено основні теоретико-методологічні засади здійснення та захисту прав батьків і дітей. Розроблено загальнотеоретичні положення та засади здійснення і захисту прав батьків і дітей, обґрунтовано діяльнісну концепцію здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Визначено поняття «батьківські права», їхню правову природу для з’ясування особливостей їх здійснення та захисту. Обґрунтовано, що здійснення особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей як процес реалізації правомочностей, що складають зміст сімейних прав, включає сукупність елементів, які складають механізм здійснення особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей, факультативною стадією якого є захист прав батьків і дітей. Досліджено такі елементи механізму здійснення прав батьків і дітей, як юридичні факти як підстави виникнення прав батьків і дітей, суб’єктивні права матері, батька і дитини, форми здійснення, способи здійснення, суб’єкти здійснення, принципи здійснення, межі здійснення прав матері, батька і дитини. Розроблено доктринальне тлумачення основних правових категорій та понять механізму здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Виявлено теоретичні та практичні проблеми здійснення та захисту прав батьків і дітей, запропоновано шляхи їх усунення. Визначено зміст особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей і розглянуто особливості їх здійснення. Обґрунтовано положення щодо розвитку організаційноправових форм захисту прав батьків і дітей, з’ясовано основні способи їх захисту і розроблено пропозиції щодо удосконалення сімейного законодавства України у цій сфері з урахуванням процесів гармонізації та уніфікації сімейного законодавства України із відповідними нормами міжнародного права.
The doctoral thesis is dedicated to research on relations, which are having place during the process of execution and protection of the personal and property rights of parents and children. The main theoretical and methodological grounds of execution of the rights of parents and children are defined. The general theoretical issues and principles of execution and protection of the rights of parents and children are developed; the activity concept of execution and protection of the rights of parents and children is proved. The periods of the evolution of the Ukrainian legislation on the rights and obligations of parents and children are determined. It is defined the term of “parental rights” and its legal nature; it is specified the “sekundarnye” parental rights for the purpose of consideration of special features of execution and protection of the rights. The grounds for appearing of parental rights and rights of the children are analyzed, and it is proved that a difficult factual composition consisting of three jural facts (birth of the child, determination of the descent from mother and father, state registration of the descent of the child) is considered to be the general ground for appearing of rights and obligations of the mother, father and the child. Some amendments to the family legislation of Ukraine are recommended in order to develop the procedure of determination of the descent of the child and to protect the family rights of the mother, father and the child connected with the application of assisted reproductive technologies. The rights of parents and children are classified broadly and it is proved the extraction of parental right privilege. It is proved that execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children as a process of realization of the juridical competence, being the content of family rights, includes elements which constitute a mechanism of execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children, which subsidiary stage is protection of the rights of parents and children. Some elements of the mechanism of execution of the rights of parents and children are discovered, in particular jural facts as grounds for appearing of the rights of parents and children, subjective rights of the mother, father and the child, forms of execution, methods of execution, subjects of execution, principles of execution, limits of execution of the rights of the mother, father and the child. The doctrine of understanding of the main juridical categories and terms of mechanism of execution and protection of the personal and property rights of parents and children is developed. The problem of abuse of the right is discovered and it is proved that abuse of the mother’s, father’s rights or rights of the child is consider to be the execution of such rights with the violation of limits and principles of its execution. The theoretical and practical problems of execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children are discovered, some propositions of their removal are made. The content of the personal and property rights of parents and children is defined and special features of its execution are examined, in particular, rights of parents and children to contact, right of the child to free expression of its opinion and view on all issues affecting the child, right of the child to be kept by parents. Some recommendations on the development of the legislation are worked out in order to ensure the execution of right to change surname of the child, right to represent juvenile child etc. Issues of the development of organizational and juridical forms of the protection of the rights of parents and children, implementation of the mediation procedure of solving the family disputes of parents and children are proved. Issues of judicial, administrative, notary forms of protection of the rights of parents and children are specified, inter alia, special features of judicial form of the protection of the mother’s, father’s rights and rights of the child at national and international levels are defined pursuant to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, it is recommended to increase the competence of the guardian bodies in the field of the protection of the rights and interests of parents and children. It is proved the admissibility of the self-defense of the family rights and interests and methods of the self-defense of the rights of parents and children are determined. The main methods of the protection of personal and property rights of parents and children are settled. Classification of the above mentioned rights is developed. Criteria of the classification of rights are specified. The problem issues of the practical application of some methods of the defense of the personal and property rights of parents and children are discovered, inter alia, recognition of paternity (maternity), taking the child from46 parents without deprivation of parental rights, collection of penalties for breaking terms of making the alimony’s payments. Some recommendations on the development of the family legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of parental and children’s rights protection are worked out in the scope of unification and harmonization of the family legislation of Ukraine with relevant norms of international law. It is proposed to broad the legal list of methods of the protection of family rights and interests with such methods as the limitation of parental rights and the suspension of parental rights.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию отношений, возникающих в процессе осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Определены основные теоретико-методологические начала осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей. Разработаны общетеоретические положения и принципы осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей, обоснована деятельностная концепция осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Определены понятие «родительские права», их правовая природа для установления особенностей их осуществления и защиты. Обосновано, что осуществление личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей как процесс реализации правомочностей, составляющих содержание семейных прав, включает совокупность элементов, которые составляют механизм осуществления личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей, факультативной стадией которого является защита прав родителей и детей. Исследованы такие элементы механизма осуществления прав родителей и детей, как юридические факты, основания возникновения прав родителей и детей, субъективные права матери, отца и ребенка, формы осуществления, способы осуществления, субъекты осуществления, принципы осуществления, пределы осуществления прав матери, отца и ребенка. Разработано доктринальное толкование основных правовых категорий и понятий механизма осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Выявлены теоретические и практические проблемы осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей, предложены пути их устранения. Определено содержание личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей и рассмотрены особенности их осуществления. Обоснованы положения относительно развития организационноправовых форм защиты прав родителей и детей, установлены основные способы их защиты и разработаны предложения по совершенствованию семейного законодательства Украины в этой сфере с учетом процессов унификации и гармонизации семейного законодательства Украины с соответствующими нормами международного права.
34
Laranjeira, Rodrigo de Almeida. "Le gouvernement d’entreprise en droit européen et brésilien comparé." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17596.
Анотація:
Corporate Governance hat einen radikalen Wandel in Europa seit den 1990er Jahren durchgemacht. Der Wandel ist konsolidiert und ist nun Teil des Rechts der modernen Aktiengesellschaften. Brasilianisches Recht wird immer durch die europäische Gesetzgebung inspiriert. Unsere Studie fragt, aus einer vergleichenden Sicht, ob sich das brasilianische Unternehmensrecht auf die europäische Corporate Governance bezieht. Wir konzentrieren uns in Europa auf das deutsche Recht, das englische Recht, das französische Recht und das europäische Recht. Unsere Analyse geht über die Herzen der Unternehmensführung und umfasst Teile, die dem Kapitalmarkt- und dem Umweltrecht angehören, da sie selbstverständlich auch eine Verbindung mit der Corporate Governance und dem Aktienrecht haben. Das Verständnis des Kerns der Unternehmensführung, welcher die Organisation der Verwaltungsorgane der börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaft ist, hängt von der Analyse der rechtlichen Behandlung von Neben-Themen, die aber verwandt sind, ab, wie die Regeln über die Haftung.Corporate governance has undergone a radical change in Europe since the 1990s. Change has now consolidated and is part of the company law. Brazilian law has always been inspired by European legislation. Our study asks, from a comparative perspective, if the Brazilian corporate law relates to the European corporate governance. In Europe, we focus on German law, English law, French law and Community law. Our analysis goes beyond the heart of corporate governance and includes parts of capital markets law and environmental law, because they obviously also have a connection with corporate governance and company law. The understanding of the core of corporate governance, which is the organization of administrative bodies of the listed company on a regulated market, depends on the analysis of the legal treatment of incidental subjects, but related, as the regime of liability.
35
Djäken, Johan. "Doing Good While Being Good : A study of the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and the Swedish Companies Act." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306630.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the current interrelationship between the provisions contained in the Swedish Company Act (2005:551) and activities related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) pursued by companies listed at Nasdaq Stockholm. The focal point of this thesis could be argued to be of particular relevance in this day and age, as companies listed at Nasdaq Stockholm continue to perform at the top of the league in global sustainability performance measurements, and Swedish and European legislators have intensified their efforts to encourage businesses to operate in a way that does not incur unacceptable social costs to society. Thus, most companies, particularly those with a vested interest in the private consumer market, seem to recognise the importance of fostering long-term relationships with a wide sphere of stakeholders. The purpose of the thesis has been to contribute to the steadily increasing body of legal research that discusses to what extent Swedish companies, without breaching corporate law, could involve themselves in CSR investments. Since I, initially, conclude that Swedish publicly listed companies seem to increasingly invest in activities related to CSR, the thesis also discusses whether the relevant provisions of the SCA need to change to better adapt to companies’ involvement in CSR activities. In brief, I argue, that current business research on CSR coupled with the aforementioned relevant provisions of the SCA allow boards and managing directors to pursue practically any CSR investments, and that shareholders are mostly restricted to rely on relatively blunt ex post actions against a board and/or managing director that has pursued an ill-considered CSR investment, including the obvious choices of voting to replace the board or selling their shares. And since current business research has not consistently proven the positive impact of CSR policies on the financial performance of businesses there are reasons to suspect that the law practically, due to the shielding force of the business judgment rationale and the legislator’s wish to protect most transactions, cannot be effectively applied to stop CSR investments, even if these are nothing but costs for the business. On the other hand, the findings of the thesis also suggest that the occurrence of such unwise CSR investments is not necessarily a proliferating problem, since many companies listed at Nasdaq Stockholm nowadays have powerful and short-sighted institutional owners. The situation might therefore very well be the opposite and that executives struggle to manage for the long-term, as the logic of the market tell them to do otherwise.Den här examensuppsatsen utforskar förhållandet mellan några av aktiebolagslagens regler och det engagemang som bolag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm uppvisar i frågor rörande Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Ämnet kan sägas vara särskilt relevant då såväl det samtida näringslivet som lagstiftaren tycks präglas av en ökad medvetenhet kring CSR-frågor. Den ökade medvetenheten i näringslivet förefaller alltmer inverka på affärsbeslut, ett faktum som inte minst avspeglas i de svenska bolagens topplaceringar i globala index som mäter bolags arbete med hållbarhetsfrågor. Samtidigt speglas lagstiftarens ökade medvetenhet av allt fler svenska som europeiska regulatoriska initiativ på området och vars yttersta syfte är att uppmuntra och stimulera hållbara företag som inte pådyvlar samhället oacceptabla sociala kostnader. Det är således inte särskilt anmärkningsvärt att bolagen, i synnerhet de med intressen anknutna till konsumentmarknaderna, tycks erkänna vikten av att bygga och underhålla långsiktiga relationer med en vidare krets av intressenter än deras aktieägare. Det är min förhoppning att den här uppsatsen kommer att bidra till den ständigt växande del av den aktiebolagsrättsliga diskursen som diskuterar till vilken grad bolag, utan att handla i strid med ABL:s bestämmelser, kan företa åtgärder kopplade till CSR. Eftersom jag inledningsvis anför att bolagen på Nasdaq Stockholm tycks ägna sig allt mer åt CSR diskuterar också uppsatsen om några av ABL:s bestämmelser bör förändras för att bättre hantera dessa företags allt större engagemang i CSR-frågor. Sammanfattningsvis argumenterar jag för att nuvarande företagsekonomisk forskning kring CSR tillsammans med de aktuella bestämmelsernas juridiska innebörd innebär att såväl bolagsstyrelser som verkställande direktörer kan företa i princip vilken investering relaterad till CSR som helst. Aktieägare är i praktiken hänvisade till att söka åstadkomma långsiktigt lönsamma satsningar på hållbarhet genom sanktioner ex post, exempelvis genom att sälja sina aktier eller rösta bort styrelsen. Detta innebär å ena sidan i praktiken, med tanke på att nuvarande företagsekonomisk forskning kring CSR:s inverkan på bolags vinster är tvetydig, att de relevanta bestämmelserna i ABL såsom de nu är utformade utgör en trygg hamn även för många av de transaktioner relaterade till CSR som är direkt värdeförstörande. Å andra sidan argumenterar jag i uppsatsen för att problemet med överinvesteringar i CSR inte nödvändigtvis behöver vara särskilt utbrett då bolagen och deras bolagsstyrning allt mer kommit att präglas av kortsiktiga investeringsperspektiv.
36
Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
Анотація:
Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
37
CHEN, HUNG-YEN, and 陳虹吟. "Research on the Contract Execution Management of Meter Reading Outsourcing of Taiwan Power Company Limited." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2dq6wj.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
106
Taiwan Power Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as TPC) refers to the government business organ that administrates electric power and is subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It undertakes the obligation of supplying the national electric power, with the maximum revenue source from the income of electricity charge. Meter reading business is the basis for the valuation between TPC and users. Its quality is distinctly important to the income of TPC from electricity charge and the service image. According to the theory of business outsourcing of public sectors, the contract execution of meter reading outsourcing is discussed thoroughly in the research. After referring to relevant theories and literature, the author conducts the research that takes the two aspects of “contract specification” and “management execution” as the framework of analysis and discussion. Besides, the current situation of meter reading outsourcing of TPC has been collected, and a semi-structural depth interview has been conducted on staffs and contractors of TPC. The contract specification shows: 1. The contract about meter reading outsourcing has unified version and rigorous supervision terms, but the definitions of some terms are too generalized, and the unfair or inappropriate terms exist. 2. It’s difficult to use the way to award bid of the lowest bid in heterogeneous procurement to select high quality manufacturers. 3. The low pay provided by the contractor will influence the meter readers’ will of retaining the post and the meter reading quality. 4. Manufacturers with acceptance of the bid have little changes, so it’s hard for new manufacturers to enter the market; the summary of management execution shows: 1. The meter reading outsourcing has existed for many years. Relevant personnel lack the practical experience in the foundation work and fail to have the ability to meet and deal with emergencies. 2. The discretionary power of contract execution differs. 3. The auxiliary management system of supervisory mechanism is slow to cope with an emergency, lacking of manpower execution. 4. The subsequent processing and contact is insufficient after the electricity utilization on site is abnormal. 5. Reasonable electricity tariff structure, energy policy and economic development direction can be determined through collecting electricity consumption data and big data analysis. 6. The layout and construction of AMI will cost tremendously. The maintenance of AMI project shall cover the meter reading supplement for users with communication failure to effectively improve the communication success rate. Last, the specific suggestions of the research are proposed as reference for the contract execution management in future outsourcing.
38
-MIN, CHIH, and 王志民. "The Limits between the Rights of Police Raid and Judicial Forcible Execution." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33610544603404964495.
39
LIAO, CHIH-YI, and 廖之儀. "A Study on the Supervisory Power of None-Executive-Business Shareholders in Limited Company." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53smbz.
Анотація:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
106
Pursuant to Articles 48 and 109 of the Taiwan Company Act, shareholders of a limited company who do not conduct company business, may request shareholders who conduct company business to furnish information on the business condition, assets, documents, books, and statements of the company. This is known as exercising the Power of Audit for shareholders who do not conduct business (PoAs). This article explores the PoAs and examines the issues that arise, such as damages to the company or shareholders caused by director’s misconduct, when a PoAs is exercised. In the US, issues discovered by exercising PoAs may be remediated either through representative litigation, direct action, or a forced dissolution of the company. In contrast in Taiwan, shareholders who do not conduct business may choose to renounce their shareholder status or to seek remediation. However, neither solution provides a thorough exit strategy nor complete remedy. This article recommends well-rounded exit strategies and remediations for Shareholders who do not conduct business in limited companies. Small and medium enterprises play an integral part of Taiwan’s economy, and this article intends to provide further assistance to the limited companies than they had before.
40
You, Pei-fang, and 游佩芳. "Picking-off Risk, Non-execution Risk and Order Aggressiveness of Limit Orders." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89180756028625787005.
Анотація:
碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
102
This study investigates the relationship between non-execution risk, picking-off risk and order aggressiveness. We use order-level data and display data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange to classify the order aggressiveness of each order. We construct the measurement of non-execution risk and, picking-off risk. We define total risk as non-execution risk plus picking-off risk. Our main findings are as follows. (1) The more aggressive the order, the higher the filled rate and the shorter the execution time. (2) When investors want to trade using sell orders, the more aggressive the price, the lower the total risk. (3) Under sufficient liquidity and low volatility market conditions, the lower the aggressive price, the lower the total risk when investors want to trade using buy orders. (4) There exists a tradeoff relationship between non-execution risk and picking-off risk. (5) The main risk affecting total risk of more aggressive orders is picking-off risk. On the other hand, (6) the main risk affecting total risk of less aggressive orders is non-execution risk.
41
Pereira, Sónia Ribeiro. "A efetivação da responsabilidade patrimonial na execução para pagamento de quantia certa e seus limites." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28447.
Анотація:
Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da
Universidade de Coimbra no âmbito do
2.º Ciclo de Estudos em Direito, área de
especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Civilísticas, Direito Processual Civil.
42
Thulare, Phineas. "The limits of judicial review of executive action The South African perspective." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53194.
43
Seaworth, Angela D. "Limited leadership: an examination of Houston nonprofit board diversity and whether selection processes and executive director perceptions of governance models affect composition." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10470.
Анотація:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Nonprofit governing board diversity recently gained attention from scholars, and the changing demographics of the United States' population create urgency around understanding how to diversify nonprofit boards. This study examined nonprofit board diversity in the largest majority-minority city in the United States -- Houston, Texas -- which was also declared the most diverse city in the country in the 2010 Census. GuideStar was used to identify nonprofit organizations in the Houston metropolitan area with annual revenue of $250,000+ and were contactable. 712 executive directors were surveyed electronically; there was a 26% response rate yielding responses from 185 nonprofit organizations. The survey was designed in three sections to study board composition, board processes and whether or not the executive director's perception of the governance model would influence the diversity ratio on an organization's board, and the analyses correspond with those three sections. The study found Houston's nonprofit boards are 9% more diverse than the national average and that Caucasians continue to be overrepresented in governing roles. Other composition findings were that the diversity ratio for board members under 35 years old is beginning to mirror the Houston population and that there was statistical significance between board members being 65 years+ and a lower diversity ratio on the board; however, there was no evidence that suggested nonprofit boards are more diverse in diverse communities. The study identified a gender gap in executive committee service, with a mode of one female serving on these committees despite that fact women make up 46% of all nonprofit board members. No relationship was found between diversity ratios and board procedures or the executive director's perception of the organization's governance model. Other findings were that Houston boards use executive committees at twice the rate of the national average, and that there is direct contradiction between the perceived value of diversity and what characteristics are considered important when recruiting board members. This study ruled out simple solutions for increasing board diversity through board procedures, and it identified areas for future research regarding governance models, the alignment of recruiting characteristics with board diversity and gender equality in leadership.
44
Chatterjee, Devlina. "Studies On Some Aspects Of Liquidity Of Stocks : Limit Order Executions In The Indian Stock Market." Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1761.
Анотація:
We study some aspects of liquidity of stocks traded through the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India.
Initially we examine the multi-dimensional nature of liquidity by conducting day-wise factor analysis of eleven liquidity proxies across a cross-section of stocks, using data from two periods reflecting different market conditions. Five factors emerge consistently, interpretable as depth, spread, volume, price elasticity and relative activity.
Subsequently, we study execution of limit orders in the NSE from three angles.
First we consider order execution probability, using 106 stock-specific logistic models. Important predictors of order execution probability are price premium followed by volatility, relative activity, bid ask spread and order imbalance. Some differences are noted when comparing companies of different sizes and between buy and sell orders.
Second, we study order execution times using survival analysis. Several diagnostic tests indicate that parametric Accelerated Failure Time models using the log-logistic distribution for the survival time S(t) are suitable for current data. 100 stock-specific models are built; results are consistent with the logistic models. Additionally depth is also found to be important.
Finally we build 4 combined models across stocks for both execution probabilities as well as times. These models perform well on out of sample data, suggesting their predictive utility.
45
Chatterjee, Devlina. "Studies On Some Aspects Of Liquidity Of Stocks : Limit Order Executions In The Indian Stock Market." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1761.
Анотація:
We study some aspects of liquidity of stocks traded through the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India.
Initially we examine the multi-dimensional nature of liquidity by conducting day-wise factor analysis of eleven liquidity proxies across a cross-section of stocks, using data from two periods reflecting different market conditions. Five factors emerge consistently, interpretable as depth, spread, volume, price elasticity and relative activity.
Subsequently, we study execution of limit orders in the NSE from three angles.
First we consider order execution probability, using 106 stock-specific logistic models. Important predictors of order execution probability are price premium followed by volatility, relative activity, bid ask spread and order imbalance. Some differences are noted when comparing companies of different sizes and between buy and sell orders.
Second, we study order execution times using survival analysis. Several diagnostic tests indicate that parametric Accelerated Failure Time models using the log-logistic distribution for the survival time S(t) are suitable for current data. 100 stock-specific models are built; results are consistent with the logistic models. Additionally depth is also found to be important.
Finally we build 4 combined models across stocks for both execution probabilities as well as times. These models perform well on out of sample data, suggesting their predictive utility.
46
Fuchs, Maria Magdalena. "Oproepingsproses van verbande op onroerende sake in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg = Foreclosure of mortgage bonds over immovable property under South African law." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13179.
Анотація:
Text in AfrikaansIn hierdie verhandeling ontleed ek die oproeping van ʼn verband op ʼn onroerende saak in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Indien ʼn verbandskuldenaar wanpresteer, kan die verbandskuldeiser sy beperkte saaklike reg afdwing deur die verband op te roep ten einde die uitstaande skuld te delg. Om dit te bereik, word die sekerheidsobjek op ʼn eksekusieverkoping te gelde gemaak, nadat die regte prosedure gevolg is. Die oproepingsproses is in die laaste dekade ingrypend verander, grotendeels as gevolg van artikel 26 van die Grondwet, 1996, en artikels 129 en 130 van die National Credit Act 34 van 2005. Die volgende stadiums in die oproepingsproses word onderskei: die voorverhoorprosedure; jurisdiksiebepaling; die hofprosedure; beslaglegging en die eksekusieverkoping. Wetgewing en regspraak het onlangs ingrypende veranderings ten aansien van die voorverhoorprosedure en die hofprosedure teweeggebring. Alhoewel die oproepingsproses tans bevredigend deur wetgewing en in die regspraak gereël word, is daar nog verontrustende aspekte van eksekusieverkopings wat die wetgewer se aandag verdien.
In this dissertation I analyse the calling up of a mortgage bond over immovable property under South-African law. If a mortgagor defaults, the mortgagee can enforce his limited real right by calling up the mortgage bond to satisfy the outstanding debt. To accomplish this, the secured property will be sold at an execution sale, after the correct procedure has been followed. Over the past decade, foreclosure proceedings have undergone significant changes, largely owing to section 26 of the Constitution, 1996, and sections 129 and 130 of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005. The following stages in the foreclosure process are identified: pre-trial debt enforcement procedure; determination of jurisdiction; court procedure; attachment and execution sale. Both the pre-trial debt enforcement procedure and the court procedure have recently been substantially amended by legislation and case law. Although legislation and case law currently regulate the foreclosure process satisfactorily, some disturbing aspects of execution sales remain and these deserve the legislator’s attention.
Private Law
LL.M.
47
Karbach, Julia [Verfasser]. "Potential and limits of executive control training : age differences in the near and far transfer of task-switching training / vorgelegt von Julia Karbach." 2008. http://d-nb.info/996156526/34.
48
Splavcová, Kateřina. "Volba a odvolání jednatele společnosti s ručením omezeným." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372641.
Анотація:
Appointment and recall of an executive of a limited liability company This diploma thesis deals with the appointment and recall of an executive of a limited liability company. The aim of the thesis is to discuss whether the competence of the corporate bodies belongs among status issues and where the limits of the status of legal persons are. This is especially important for establishing the boundaries in which members can autonomously modify the internal conditions to the individual needs of the corporation. The main point is about determining whether the effectivity of the general meeting in the field of appointment and recall of the executive is exclusive or not. And whether it is acceptable to transfer this competence through a possible arrangement of a memorandum of association to another body of the company or to establish another way of setting up the executive in office unpredicted by law, such as anchoring the so-called sending right associated with the share in the company. The individual chapters of this thesis explain the mechanism of appointing and recall of the executive by the general meeting, and the possibility of terminating the function of the executive by fulfilling the resolutive conditions is also discussed. In the thesis the individual aspects of the transferring of the...
49
Grotino, Frédéric. "La rémunération des hauts dirigeants en droit des sociétés par actions : le rôle et les limites du droit." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22568.
50
Duarte, Margarida Maria Costa Pinto. "A delegação de poderes no conselho de administração." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18430.
Анотація:
Em meados do século XX, as sociedades comerciais, cada vez mais presentes e
essenciais no comércio jurídico, optaram por separar o capital da gestão, o que contribuiu
grandemente para a maior profissionalização e eficiência na gestão das sociedades. No
ordenamento jurídico português, o conselho de administração é o órgão executivo das
sociedades anónimas, encarregado da gestão e representação destas. Novas e mais apertadas
exigências de eficiência e celeridade na tomada de decisões deste órgão de funcionamento
plural obrigaram ao recurso a outros instrumentos que permitissem agilizar mais ainda a
gestão. No modelo monista de organização das sociedades anónimas, constituído por um
conselho de administração e um conselho fiscal, ganhou especial relevo a delegação de
poderes num ou mais administradores a par da possibilidade de delegação de poderes numa
comissão executiva. Na delegação de poderes em sentido próprio o administrador delegado
fica responsável por certas matérias ou, até, pela gestão corrente da sociedade, em
concorrência com o conselho de administração, que não perde a sua competência em virtude
da delegação. A lei soube ainda adaptar o regime da responsabilidade dos administradores a
este instrumento de descentralização da gestão, prevendo, para os administradores não
delegados, especiais deveres de vigilância e fiscalização, uma vez que deixam de estar
diretamente envolvidos na gestão das matérias entretanto delegadas.In the mid-twentieth century, as corporations became increasingly present and prominent in the commercial legal framework, it was deemed inevitable to separate the company's ownership from its control in order to achieve greater professionalism and efficiency in corporate management. In the Portuguese legal system, the management board is the executive body in charge of the management and representation of the Portuguese companies limited by shares (“sociedades anónimas”). More recently, new and tighter demands of speed and efficiency in the operation of the management board, which includes several members, favoured the use of other legal instruments that could provide for greater flexibility. In the monist model of organization, where companies limited by shares shall have a management board (“conselho de administração”) and a supervisory body (“conselho fiscal”), the instrument of delegation of powers as well as the possibility to also delegate powers on an executive committee gained particular importance. In the delegation of powers proprio sensu the director becomes responsible for specific management subjects or, even, for the day-to-day management of the company, in competition with the management board, which, however, does not lose its competence by virtue of the delegation. The applicable law also adapted the liability regime of the management board in case this instrument, that allows for the decentralization of the management functions, is used, providing special duties of control and supervision for the non-delegated members, since they no longer have an active role in the management of their delegated functions.