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Sabatini, Serena, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Clive Ballard, Rachel Collins, Kaarin J. Anstey, Manfred Diehl, Allyson Brothers, et al. "Cross-sectional association between objective cognitive performance and perceived age-related gains and losses in cognition." International Psychogeriatrics 33, no. 7 (April 14, 2021): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221000375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTObjectives:Evidence linking subjective concerns about cognition with poorer objective cognitive performance is limited by reliance on unidimensional measures of self-perceptions of aging (SPA). We used the awareness of age-related change (AARC) construct to assess self-perception of both positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses). We tested whether AARC has greater utility in linking self-perceptions to objective cognition compared to well-established measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. We examined the associations of AARC with objective cognition, several psychological variables, and engagement in cognitive training.Design:Cross-sectional observational study.Participants:The sample comprised 6056 cognitively healthy participants (mean [SD] age = 66.0 [7.0] years); divided into subgroups representing middle, early old, and advanced old age.Measurements:We used an online cognitive battery and measures of global AARC, AARC specific to the cognitive domain, subjective cognitive change, attitudes toward own aging (ATOA), subjective age (SA), depression, anxiety, self-rated health (SRH).Results:Scores on the AARC measures showed stronger associations with objective cognition compared to other measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. Higher AARC gains were associated with poorer cognition in middle and early old age. Higher AARC losses and poorer cognition were associated across all subgroups. Higher AARC losses were associated with greater depression and anxiety, more negative SPA, poorer SRH, but not with engagement in cognitive training.Conclusions:Assessing both positive and negative self-perceptions of cognition and aging is important when linking self-perceptions to cognitive functioning. Objective cognition is one of the many variables – alongside psychological variables – related to perceived cognitive losses.
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Chan, Kayla Y., Samuel Lee, Catherine H. Ju, Destiny J. Weaver, John Ferguson, and Adriana Hughes. "34 Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mental Wellbeing in Normal Cognition and MCI Older Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723004708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD, i.e., perceived cognitive decline without neuropsychological deficits) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and increased risk for cognitive impairment but is heterogenous in etiology and has been linked to other factors including personality and depression. Mental wellbeing (i.e., the perception and functioning of social, emotional, and health-related aspects of one’s life) has been associated with subjective memory complaints, but its relationship with other subjective cognitive domains is poorly understood. Further characterizing the relationship between mental wellbeing and SCD could refine understanding of SCD and inform development of interventions that prevent progression to objective cognitive decline. This study aimed to describe the relationship between mental wellbeing and subjective decline in multiple cognitive domains and examine whether this relationship differs between older adults with normal cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Participants and Methods:Community-dwelling older adults (normal: n = 58, Mage = 73.7±5.6; MCI: n = 43, Mage = 75.9±6.1) completed the Everyday Cognition scale, a validated self-report measure of SCD, and the RAND-36 Health Survey, a validated self-report measure of health-related quality of life which includes a mental wellbeing subscale. Spearman’s rank correlations were conducted between self-reported mental wellbeing and each self-reported cognitive domain (i.e., memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function) for the Normal Cognition and MCI groups.Results:Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective language and executive function in the normal group, rs(56) = -.42, p =.001; rs(56) = -.37, p =.005, but not for the MCI group, rs(41) = -.23, p =.15; rs(41) = -.12, p =.46. Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective visuospatial function in the MCI group, rs(41) = -.39, p =.009, but not in the normal group, rs(56) = -.11, p =.39. For both groups, worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective memory, rs(56) = -.45, p < .001; rs(41) = -.37, p =.02. While this correlation was greater in the normal group, the difference was not significant (z = 0.38, p =.71).Conclusions:These results suggest that perceptions of mental wellbeing are related to perceptions of cognitive decline in multiple domains, and that the specific domains involved differ between normal and MCI groups. The differential associations may mean perception of specific cognitive domains more strongly affect mental wellbeing, or mental wellbeing more acutely influences perception of those domains. The overall observed relationship between SCD and mental wellbeing may have several explanations: the impact of broader health perceptions may extend to cognitive perception, behavioral changes associated with poor wellbeing may reduce subjective cognitive function, or worse subjective cognitive function may lead to negative experiences of wellbeing. Future longitudinal investigation could inform causal inferences. The more limited associations between mental wellbeing and SCD among MCI individuals may point to the role of decreased self-awareness (due to cognitive impairment) precluding detection of subtle changes in cognition or wellbeing. This study highlights the importance of better understanding mental wellbeing in experiences of SCD in both normal and MCI older adults to improve cognitive and mental health outcomes.
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Md., Shamsuzzaman, Ridwanul Huq, Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun, and Mushtaque Ahmed. "Developing Country Teenagers’ Consumption Related Cognition Through Involvement in Television Commercial (Tvc): A Multi-item Measurement Scale." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/05.10.2019/006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The core intention of the researchers is to develop and confirm a multi-item measurement scale for consumption related cognition through teenagers’ involvement in Television Commercial (TVC) of developing country like Bangladesh. Another important purpose of this research is to understand the influence of TV advertisements on consumption related cognition of developing countries’ teenagers. Very limited research has been conducted on consumption related cognition through involvement of TVC, even though it is the fundamental step which activates any consumers’ — especially teenagers’ — buying stimuli. Among the limited ones conducted, most of the research work has focused on scale items, such as product knowledge, consumer perception, purchasing intention, brand perception and product usage without providing any importance to complex variable or factors of consumption related cognition from which the scale items derive. Hence, an elaborated multi step research method has been used to find out and refine both the complex and simple variables of consumption related cognition through TVC involvement. Research findings have been statistically verified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This research has revealed six main complex variables or factors namely consumption related- cognitive awareness, cognitive knowledge, cognitive mapping, cognitive linkage, cognitive complexity and cognitive skills. Four to five multi item measurement scales have been derived from each of the six factors.
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Green, E. J. "The Perception-Cognition Border: A Case for Architectural Division." Philosophical Review 129, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 323–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8311221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A venerable view holds that a border between perception and cognition is built into our cognitive architecture and that this imposes limits on the way information can flow between them. While the deliverances of perception are freely available for use in reasoning and inference, there are strict constraints on information flow in the opposite direction. Despite its plausibility, this approach to the perception-cognition border has faced criticism in recent years. This article develops an updated version of the architectural approach, which I call the dimension restriction hypothesis (DRH). According to DRH, perceptual processes are constrained to compute over a bounded range of dimensions, while cognitive processes are not. This view allows that perception is cognitively penetrable, but places strict limits on the varieties of penetration that can occur. The article argues that DRH enjoys both theoretical and empirical support, and also defends the view against several objections.
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Sassin, Wolfgang. "Limits of Cognition and Insight." Beacon: Journal for Studying Ideologies and Mental Dimensions 1, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 010310202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55269/thebeacon.1.010310202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the paper, on the basis of discussing the analogy between geometry of geodesics and human cognition, the limits of cognition are discussed. An attempt to adapt human action to limited human perception can be found in the article. The problems shown therein, make it clear that the humanity needs a change in the mental coordinate system that refers to the very values that have led us to where we are right now, namely to a world in disarray.
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Bralet, M. C. "Remédiation cognitive des troubles de la cognition sociale avec le programme MindReading." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les cognitions sociales sont significativement perturbées dans la schizophrénie, ces perturbations sont à l’origine de difficultés dans les interactions sociales et par conséquent dans la vie quotidienne. Les programmes en remédiation cognitive ciblant uniquement les déficits en cognitions froides permettent d’améliorer spécifiquement ces déficits mais n’ont pas eu pour autant l’impact espéré sur la vie quotidienne. Différents programmes ciblant les cognitions sociales se sont par conséquent développés en ciblant soit globalement ces déficits (ex. : SCIT, Social Cognition Interaction Training, de D. Penn [1]), soit spécifiquement un domaine (ex. : TAR, Targeting Affective Recognition program, de W. Wolwer [3], ciblant la perception des émotions). Ces programmes peuvent présenter des limites en termes de faisabilité et d’indications cliniques (patients de bon pronostic). Or ce sont les patients de moins bon pronostic (durée d’évolution importante de la maladie) qui présentent les déficits les plus sévères en habiletés sociales. Il existe un pattern commun en termes de dysfonctionnement au niveau des cognitions sociales entre des patients souffrant de troubles autistiques et de certaines formes de schizophrénie. MindReading: An Interactive Guide to Emotions, est un logiciel interactif destiné à améliorer la perception et la reconnaissance des émotions faciales chez les patients souffrant de troubles autistiques [2].ObjectifsPrésenter le programme MindReading et l’intérêt de son utilisation chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie ayant une longue durée d’évolution et/ou d’hospitalisation.PerspectivesUtiliser et développer des programmes de remédiation en cognitions sociales validés chez des patients souffrant de troubles autistiques pourraient être pertinents pour des patients souffrant d’une certaine forme de schizophrénie avec altérations sévères des cognitions sociales en complément d’un programme de remédiation cognitive sur les cognitions froides.
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Demany, Laurent, and Catherine Semal. "Limits of rhythm perception." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 2 (April 2002): 643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To what extent are listeners sensitive to the time intervals separating non-consecutive events in sound sequences? The subjects of Experiment 1 were presented with sequences of 20 identical tones in which the 10 odd-numbered tones or the 10 even-numbered tones made up an isochronous sub-sequence (with a periodicity of 0.5-1 s) whereas the other tones, acting as distractors, occurred at random moments. Such sequences appeared to be very difficult to discriminate from sequences without any timing regularity, which revealed a lack of perceptual sensitivity to their “second-order” intervals. Experiment 2 employed repetitive sequences in which the first-order intervals (separating consecutive tones) took two possible values, forming a ratio that subjects had to classify as larger or smaller than 2. The results of this experiment suggest that subjects were able to make use of second-order intervals in their task, but mainly due to the predictable nature of the sequences; the relative positions of subjective accents (Povel & Essens, 1985) had no significant effect on performance. It is concluded that the perception of subtle timing details in “ordinary” music may rest on nothing more than a sensitivity to the relations between first-order intervals (within a given auditory stream).
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Schacherer, Christopher William. "Toward a General Theory of Risk Perception." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 14 (October 1993): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several risk perception studies employing univariate techniques have found very strong predictors of risk perceptions, but these results are of limited use in describing the cognitive process that results in perception of risk. Also, although a few multivariate investigations have been conducted, the validity of the obtained results are similarly limited due to concern over deriving easily interpretable solutions. The present study, therefore, attempts to derive a more valid model of the risk perception process through confirmatory factor analysis based on previously reported findings.
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Robinovitch, Stephen N. "Perception of Postural Limits During Reaching." Journal of Motor Behavior 30, no. 4 (December 1998): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222899809601349.
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Textor, Mark. "Perceptual objectivity and the limits of perception." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18, no. 5 (April 12, 2018): 879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9570-2.
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Giese, Helge, and Janina A. Hoffmann. "Socializing social sampling models: The limits of explaining norm perceptions and biases with sampling from social circles." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 2, 2023): e0286304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
People often overestimate the prevalence of unfavorable behavior. To explain these misperceptions, social sampling models propose that individuals infer the social norm from the behavior of their own social circle. We investigated this idea by asking a friendship network of college freshmen to report their own behavior and norm perceptions across eight domains at two timepoints (N = 104). Assessing this complete social network allows to directly test if sampling from the social circle shapes norm perception. Replicating previous findings, freshmen systematically misperceived the average social norm within their cohort. Yet, these misperceptions persisted even when individuals judged their own social circle, indicating that sampling from social circles does not fully explain normative biases. Moreover, cognitive modelling of norm perceptions suggested that individuals unlikely limited their search to their own social circle.
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Carlson, Richard A. "Meshing Glenberg with Piaget, Gibson, and the ecological self." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9724001x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glenberg's rethinking of memory theory seems limited in its ability to handle abstract symbolic thought, the selective character of cognition, and the self. Glenberg's framework can be elaborated by linking it with theoretical efforts concerned with cognitive development (Piaget) and ecological perception (Gibson). These elaborations point to the role of memory in specifying the self as an active agent.
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Bruno Riccardi, Sergio Resta, and Giacomo Resta. "The limits of knowledge." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The definition of knowledge encompasses various meanings, from the process by which we have the perception of the outside world, through the stimuli that we receive from this, when that perception becomes part of our system of awareness and experience. When awareness of ourselves and the outside world is acquired and recorded, we can define it as learning. In the broader, philosophical sense, knowledge consists in learning and retaining in the mind a notion, an information. In use, however, it has a more concrete semantic value, and can indicate the various degrees of knowledge, from the initial perception of the existence of a thing to the full cognition of its being, its modes and qualities. Whatever the subject, cell, organism, neuronal network, and so on, the process always takes place by the use of specific receptor systems, adapted to the reception of different stimuli from the environment. Because they are calibrated only on the stimuli they receive, the receptor systems have limited sensitivity. This limitation is extended to all living beings, who therefore have partial and incomplete knowledge of the world. In this work we are going to examine these limitations and invite scholars to become aware of them.
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Bend, Julia, and Anssi Öörni. "Exploring Sex Differences in Numerosity Perception Using Dynamic Visual Stimuli: Insights into Cognitive Processing and STEM." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 14, no. 4 (May 14, 2024): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v14i4.45957.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerosity perception, the innate ability to estimate the number of objects in a set without counting, plays a crucial role in cognitive science and has implications for addressing sex disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Despite its significance, research on sex differences in numerosity perception, particularly in dynamic visual contexts, is still limited. This study aims to address this gap by investigating sex differences in numerosity perception using 3D dynamic stimuli in a dual-task experiment. We found a significant underestimation of numerosity among females, a phenomenon not previously reported in adults. This suggests sex-based variations in numerosity perception, likely linked to differences in spatial cognition. The study also reveals how increased attentional load can negatively affect numerosity estimation, especially in females. Despite the limitation of a small participant group, this pilot research establishes a framework for more extensive future studies to substantiate these findings and deepen our understanding of sex-specific cognitive processing in dynamic environments.
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Lukicheva, Polina. "Envisioning the World Within or Without Limits: on Representation and Creativity in the Aesthetics of 17th Century China." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 74, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 1081–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2021-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This essay examines a number of statements on painting and visual perception by Chinese literati artists of the late Ming – early Qing periods. It argues that the approaches to pictorial representation and creativity entailed in these statements reveal a considerable impact of Buddhist theories of consciousness. In the theories analyzed, pictorial representation is discussed in terms of ways and modes of how the mind relates to the world. As will be demonstrated, the function of expressing cognitive organization in representation is given more prominence than the function of rendering an external reality. The view of pictorial representation as being essentially what the mind produces in its relation to the world provides a basis for the assumption of a fundamental affinity between the creation of an image and the process how phenomenal reality unfolds by virtue of cognitive operations. This assumption seems to broadly underpin the painting theories discussed. And it is this assumption that provides a clue how and why the literati artists adopt Buddhist theories of cognition to the understanding of art. In the last section of the essay, we turn to the sources which cast still another perspective on artistic practice, namely a practice which captures a single moment of pure direct perception.
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Fontoura, Pablo. "The limits of aesthetic seeing." Perspectiva Filosófica 50, no. 2 (October 4, 2023): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2357-9986.2023.259051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the concept of sight perception from both cognitive and aesthetic perspectives, by examining the limits of visual attention. It discusses how conscious and unconscious mechanisms can influence what individuals see and may experience aesthetically. It also presents empirical research employing eye-tracking to analyze the visual behavior of visitors of an art exhibition viewing a painting of Japanese artist Isson Tanaka (1908-1977). The study demonstrates that indiscernible aspects of vision interact on the limits of perception, which gives birth to new images. Specifically, the eye-tracking records and uncovers the invisible traces of people's eyes as they are observing the painting, providing opportunities for visual poetics based on sensory input and eye movements. Overall, this interdisciplinary approach contributes to a more thorough understanding of the complexities of visual perception in the arts.
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Valdebenito-Villalobos, Jacqueline, María Antonia Parra-Rizo, Yasna Chávez-Castillo, Caterin Díaz-Vargas, Gloria Sanzana Vallejos, Aurora Gutiérrez Echavarría, Andrea Tapia Figueroa, Xeny Godoy Montecinos, Rafael Zapata-Lamana, and Igor Cigarroa. "Perception of Cognitive Functions and Academic Performance in Chilean Public Schools." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12100356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding the perception that students have about their own cognitive processes is a key aspect that allows for a deeper assimilation of the different factors that affect school performance. However, there is limited evidence explaining the link between students’ perception of their own cognitive functions and their academic performance. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between perception of cognitive functions, such as memory, processing speed, attention, execution of complex tasks and nervousness, and academic performance in Chilean schoolchildren from the province of Biobio. A cross-sectional analytic design was conducted. The sample consisted of 590 elementary school students (12 ± 1.3 years old; 48.3% female) from Chilean public schools. The academic performance was measured by means of the accumulated final grades in the language, mathematics, physical education and health subjects, and the grade point average (GPA) of each student. Moreover, a survey to measure the cognitive functions of the participants was applied. The results show that 20.3% of the students perceived themselves as very nervous and 16.8% felt distracted. Differences in marks were observed in all the measured subjects, as well as in GPAs, depending on the perception of cognitive functions. Thus, the students with low to moderate perceptions of their cognitive functions received lower marks than those who reported a high perception. These results were consistent after a multivariate analysis adjusted for a socio-educational variables model. In conclusion, one in five public school students in the Biobío Region of Chile expressed a low perception of their cognitive functions, which is consistent with their weaker school performance. Therefore, it is believed that integrating curricular activity and cognitive work could potentially boost the perception of said functions, and thus reduce the risk of poor academic performance.
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Díaz Nafría, José María, and Mario Pérez-Montoro. "Is Information a Sufficient Basis for Cognition? Part 2: Physical Foundations." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i2.286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this second part of our inquiry into the relation between information and cognition, we delve into the physical limits of the manifestation of an arbitrary object first with independence of any observer, then considering the nature of perception. The analysis of the manifestations of an object in a homogeneous environment by means of wave phenomena shows that the information carried by such manifestations offers a constitutive fuzziness and ambiguity of the observed object. On the one hand, the details that can be specified concerning the object are strictly limited by the wave length; on the other hand, the volumetric details of the object (i.e. its bowls) are outlawed to the observer, not in virtue of the object opacity, but to the very dimension or complexity of the wave phenomenon in the space surrounding the object. The analysis of perception, considering this physical boundary and the specificity of the animal sensitivity, shows the combined role of other concurrent or previous percept and some a priori knowledge in the perception and awareness of reality.
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Díaz Nafría, José María, and Mario Pérez-Montoro. "Is Information a Sufficient Basis for Cognition? Part 2: Physical Foundations." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol9iss2pp367-376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this second part of our inquiry into the relation between information and cognition, we delve into the physical limits of the manifestation of an arbitrary object first with independence of any observer, then considering the nature of perception. The analysis of the manifestations of an object in a homogeneous environment by means of wave phenomena shows that the information carried by such manifestations offers a constitutive fuzziness and ambiguity of the observed object. On the one hand, the details that can be specified concerning the object are strictly limited by the wave length; on the other hand, the volumetric details of the object (i.e. its bowls) are outlawed to the observer, not in virtue of the object opacity, but to the very dimension or complexity of the wave phenomenon in the space surrounding the object. The analysis of perception, considering this physical boundary and the specificity of the animal sensitivity, shows the combined role of other concurrent or previous percept and some a priori knowledge in the perception and awareness of reality.
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Jones, Alexandria, Natalie Weaver, Mardon So, Abbis Jaffri, and Rosalind Heckman. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COGNITION AND UPPER EXTREMITY MOTOR REACTION TIME IN OLDER ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Response timing is essential to optimal sensorimotor control across the lifespan. While it is broadly assumed that reaction time increases as cognition declines with age, it is unclear if this assumption is supported by the literature. The purpose of this narrative review was to determine the association between cognition and upper extremity reaction time in older adults. Cognitive domains of sensation and perception, motor construction, perceptual motor function, executive function, attention, learning and memory, and language were considered. We conducted a systematic search using Scopus database. The search strategy was designed to meet four inclusion criteria: 1) community-dwelling adults >60 years, 2) upper extremity motor task, 3) at least one cognitive assessment, 4) simple reaction time measure. 1154 articles were screened. Two articles met the full inclusion criteria, but the studies did not associate the cognitive assessment and simple reaction time measures. Nine articles that met three inclusion criteria were reviewed. We found that executive function and learning and memory have been associated with complex and choice reaction time measures. Language, perceptual motor function, and attention have been studied with mixed evidence for an association with reaction time; whereas, sensation and perception and motor construction have not been assessed. Overall, limited research has compared cognitive domain function and simple reaction time to determine if age-related changes are associated. While the complex interplay between cognition and motor function is of substantial interest, these measures are often interdependent and additional knowledge is needed to understand their influence on sensorimotor control with age.
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Kadakure, Arthur, and Michael Twum-Darko. "Entrepreneurial social cognition and new venture creation: Sociological perspective." Economics Entrepreneurship Management 11, no. 1 (April 19, 2024): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56318/eem2024.01.048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Entrepreneurs are under immense pressure to gain a competitive advantage in the global markets, but limited resources and opportunities are making it increasingly difficult. Despite this, there are still sociological and other factors that contribute to risk aversion among entrepreneurs. The study aims to present a global perspective on entrepreneurial social cognition and new venture creation. The study is based on a systematic literature review that identified various obstacles to entrepreneurial success. The study argues that successful entrepreneurship and business innovation are related to social cognition, risk perception, and agency. The results prove that the three mentioned variables are key in the establishment of new entrepreneurial ventures. Furthermore, literature analysis revealed that to foster a thriving knowledge-based economy, it is necessary to create a supportive social environment that encourages entrepreneurial endeavours. It emerged from the analysis of the literature that a rich social context, coupled with social cognition, significantly impacts the perception of entrepreneurial opportunities. The study emphasizes that external social factors such as political, socio-economic, and communal environments play a crucial role in shaping entrepreneurs’ perceptions of new venture creation. The quality of knowledge ingrained in the social context helps to mitigate the perceived risks associated with starting a new venture. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of agency in reducing risk perception and promoting new venture creation. By analysing relevant literature, the article provides a theoretical framework that contextualizes the creation of new ventures in modern knowledge-based economies. The study proposes effective mitigation of the negative schema abstracted from the social-ecological context through knowledge derived from social communities of practice
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Reese-Melancon, Celinda, Jennifer Margrett, Dan Russell, Rachael Turner, Erin Harrington, Lauren Stratton, and Jyoti Savla. "Perceptions of Partner Cognitive Ability During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3721.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Media reports provide anecdotal evidence of increased forgetfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic (Cushing, 2021; Purtill, 2020). Scientific evidence suggests social isolation can impact on cognition (Evans et al., 2018), but the question remains whether those living with a partner experience similar deficits. The present study examined whether middle-aged and older adults’ perceptions of their own and their partner’s memory abilities were related to self-reported impact of the pandemic on daily life (e.g., limited social interactions, delayed health care, and disruption to routine). In a sample of 80 married individuals (49% female; age range 40-86 years), we found that participants’ beliefs about the impact of the pandemic on daily life and their depression ratings significantly predicted (p<0.05) their perceptions of their partner’s prospective memory abilities. Specifically, pandemic impact on daily life predicted 9.3% of the variance in participants’ reported perceptions of their partners’ prospective memory abilities, and participant depression ratings predicted an additional 5.1% of the variance. Surprisingly, these variables did not predict perceptions of participants’ own cognition or perceptions of partners’ retrospective memory abilities. In sum, people who reported greater impact of the pandemic on their lives were more likely to believe that their partner frequently forgot to carryout prospective memory intentions (e.g., failed to pass along a message or take medication), and depression further clouded their perception of their partner’s cognition. These findings should be extended to consider relationship quality and whether individuals consider their partners a reliable source of external memory support during times of life disruption.
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Whalen, D. H., and Alvin M. Liberman. "Limits on phonetic integration in duplex perception." Perception & Psychophysics 58, no. 6 (January 1996): 857–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03205488.
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Taylor, Morag E., Annika Toots, Stephen R. Lord, Narelle Payne, and Jacqueline C. T. Close. "Cognitive Domain Associations with Balance Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201325.
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Background: In older people with cognitive impairment (CI), executive function (EF) has been associated with motor performance including balance and gait. The literature examining and supporting a relationship between balance performance and other cognitive domains is limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between global cognition and cognitive domain function and balance performance in older people with CI. Methods: The iFOCIS randomized controlled trial recruited 309 community-dwelling older people with CI. Baseline assessments completed before randomization were used for analyses including the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III; global cognition) and its individual cognitive domains (attention; memory; verbal fluency; language; visuospatial ability) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), a measure of EF. A composite balance score was derived from postural sway and leaning balance tests. Results: In linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates, global cognition and each cognitive domain were significantly associated with balance performance. EF (verbal fluency; β= –0.254, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.387) and visuospatial ability (β= –0.258, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.391) had the strongest associations with balance performance. In a comprehensively adjusted multivariable model including all of the ACE-III cognitive domains, visuospatial ability and EF (verbal fluency) were independently and significantly associated with balance performance. Conclusion: Poorer global cognition and cognitive domain function were associated with poorer balance performance in this sample of people with CI. Visuospatial ability and EF were independently associated with balance, highlighting potential shared neural networks and the role higher-level cognitive processes and spatial perception/processing play in postural control.
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de Llanza Varona, Miguel, and Manolo Martínez. "Synergy Makes Direct Perception Inefficient." Entropy 26, no. 8 (August 21, 2024): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26080708.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A typical claim in anti-representationalist approaches to cognition such as ecological psychology or radical embodied cognitive science is that ecological information is sufficient for guiding behavior. According to this view, affordances are immediately perceptually available to the agent (in the so-called “ambient energy array”), so sensory data does not require much further inner processing. As a consequence, mental representations are explanatorily idle: perception is immediate and direct. Here we offer one way to formalize this direct-perception claim and identify some important limits to it. We argue that the claim should be read as saying that successful behavior just implies picking out affordance-related information from the ambient energy array. By relying on the Partial Information Decomposition framework, and more concretely on its development of the notion of synergy, we show that in multimodal perception, where various energy arrays carry affordance-related information, the “just pick out affordance-related information” approach is very inefficient, as it is bound to miss all synergistic components. Efficient multimodal information combination requires transmitting sensory-specific (and not affordance-specific) information to wherever it is that the various information streams are combined. The upshot is that some amount of computation is necessary for efficient affordance reconstruction.
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Shafiro, Valeriy. "Environmental sound research today: Perception, cognition, applications." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental sounds, defined as semantically rich acoustic signals different from speech or music, are ubiquitous in daily living. Environmental sound research in various forms has been long embedded into many areas of acoustics including noise control, bioacoustics, music, signal processing, speech communication, and psychoacoustics. However, environmental sounds have been typically investigated in the limited context of specific lines of inquiry unique to each of these areas. In this fractured research landscape, there is also a growing body of work which focuses on ecological aspects and elucidates the neurobiological bases of environmental sound perception and cognition. We will review main questions addressed in recent work, including existing theoretical and methodological challenges and opportunities, and suggest directions for developing a more comprehensive framework for future environmental sound research and applications. A better understanding of environmental sound perception and cognition can in turn have practical implications for many diverse areas of acoustics and related fields.
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Shim, Jaeho, Heiko Hecht, Jung-Eun Lee, Dong-Won Yook, and Ji-Tae Kim. "The limits of visual mass perception." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62, no. 11 (November 2009): 2210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210902730597.
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Tripathy, S. P., and H. B. Barlow. "Correspondence Noise Limits to Global Motion Perception." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970018.
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We measured human observers' thresholds for detecting coherent motion in random-dot kinematograms and compared them with theoretical thresholds predicted by the hypothesis that unavoidable correspondence noise in the kinematograms themselves is the limiting factor. In experiments where the stimulus had two fields we varied the dot density, the ratio of the number of dots in the two fields, and the area of stimulus. In further experiments we varied the number of fields and the method of generation of the coherent dots. The observed thresholds varied in the way predicted by the hypothesis over ranges that were in some cases wide, but even within these ranges the absolute levels of performance were much worse than that calculated for the ideal observer. Objects moving in the real world generate motion signals in their images covering broad ranges of direction and velocity, and when the spread of motion signals within each presentation of our stimulus was increased, the discrepancy between ideal and actual performance was much reduced. We conclude that correspondence noise present in the stimulus is an important limiting factor in the coherent motion paradigm. Since this noise is largely external and inextricably bound with the signal, to attain high signal/noise ratios the input signals have to be pooled over broad ranges that match the range of motion signals in the natural stimuli. This provides an insight into the design of the motion detecting system, and perhaps into the design of other parts of the cortex.
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Cerella, John. "Pigeon Pattern Perception: Limits on Perspective Invariance." Perception 19, no. 2 (April 1990): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p190141.
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Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.
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Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.
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Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.
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Beintema, J. A., K. Georg, and M. Lappe. "Perception of biological motion from limited-lifetime stimuli." Perception & Psychophysics 68, no. 4 (May 2006): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03208763.
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Kim, Leah, Dennis Cordato, Alan McDougall, and Clare Fraser. "129 Pilot study: the validity of the queens square screening test for visual deficits in a cohort of patients with dementia." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A42.1—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.114.
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IntroductionThere is limited research on the visual deficits found in dementia. The Queens Square Screening Test for Visual Deficits (QS test) is designed to screen for changes in visual processing. Our study aimed to validate this test and examine the types of visual processing deficits found in dementia.MethodsWe assessed the QS test in participants with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls. Participants were recruited from the Neurology and Geriatrics departments of a tertiary hospital over 3-months. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS).ResultsTwenty-six patients were examined. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, English fluency, and education between the three groups. Participants with dementia (n=8, mean RUDAS 17.5/30) scored 51.4/71 on the QS test, compared to 60.7/71 in MCI (n=7, mean RUDAS 25.0/30) and 64.6/71 in controls (n=11, mean RUDAS 27.4/30). The mean scores for each subset of the QS test for dementia, MCI and normal cognition, respectively, were: early visual processing – 19.6/25, 22.4/25, 23.7/25; object perception – 5.6/11, 7.9/11, 8.7/11; space perception – 11.4/14, 11.1/14, 12.4/14; face perception – 4.4/8, 6.4/8, 7.0/8; reading – 10.4/13, 12.9/13, 12.8/13.ConclusionIn this pilot study, the QS test was markedly abnormal in dementia but did not differentiate between MCI and normal cognition. Our findings suggest that deficits in early visual processing, reading, and the perception of objects and faces are common in dementia. Understanding the types of visual difficulties may improve the care of patients with dementia.
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Zhang, Liu Fang, and Ing Grace Phang. "Unlocking the Secret of NFTs in China: The Role of NFT Characteristics in Purchase Decision Making." Asian Journal of Business Research 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.230157.
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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are scarce digital assets, whose limited supply significantly affects consumers’ product perception and purchase behavior. Few studies have examined consumers’ cognitive evaluations and purchase intention towards NFTs in the context of Chinese luxury fashion brands. This paper aims to close this gap by investigating the impact of consumers’ cognitive perceptions (i.e., perceived scarcity, perceived uniqueness, and perceived value) and personality trait (i.e., need for uniqueness) on their purchase intention towards luxury fashion NFTs. The mediating effect of perceived value between perceived uniqueness and purchase intention was also tested. A total of 251 valid questionnaires were collected via purposive sampling and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Drawing on the commodity theory, significant relationships were found between scarcity, need for uniqueness, the resulting cognitive factors (perceived uniqueness and perceived value) and purchase intention. Chinese consumers perceive the NFTs of luxury brands to be scarce and need uniqueness, which enhances their perception of uniqueness and consequently, their perception of value. Perceived value then positively affects purchase intention, which supports the mediating role of perceived value. This study validates the importance of scarcity for NFTs from luxury fashion brands in China, providing valuable references for luxury brand marketers and academicians.
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El Hachioui, Hanane, Evy G. Visch-Brink, Hester F. Lingsma, Mieke W. M. E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Peter J. Koudstaal, and Huub A. M. Middelkoop. "Nonlinguistic Cognitive Impairment in Poststroke Aphasia." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 28, no. 3 (November 8, 2013): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968313508467.
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Background and objectives. Information on cognitive impairment in aphasic patients is limited. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and course of nonlinguistic cognitive impairments in the first year after stroke and their association with aphasia and functional outcome. Methods. We included 147 patients with acute aphasia. At 3 months and 1 year, we assessed cognition with a nonlinguistic cognitive examination including abstract reasoning, visual memory, visual perception and construction, and executive functioning. We assessed language with a verbal communication rating (Aphasia Severity Rating Scale), the ScreeLing (a linguistic-level screening test), and the Token Test. We evaluated functional outcome with the modified Rankin scale and registered the use of antidepressants. Results. In total, 107 (88%) patients had impairments in at least one nonlinguistic cognitive domain at 3 months and 91 (80%) at 1 year. The most frequently observed impairment concerned visual memory (83% at 3 months; 78% at 1 year) and the least frequent visual perception and construction (19% at 3 months; 14% at 1 year). There was improvement on all cognitive domains including language, except for abstract reasoning. Patients with persisting aphasia had lower cognitive domain scores, worse functional outcome, and were more often depressed than patients who had recovered from aphasia. Conclusions. Standard nonlinguistic cognitive examination is recommended in aphasic stroke patients. Nonlinguistic cognitive impairments are common and associated with poor functional outcome and depression, especially in patients with persisting aphasia.
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Suleiman, Abdulqadir Mohamad. "Work environment development using cognitive work analysis’ decision ladders." European Journal of Workplace Innovation 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46364/ejwi.v8i1.1127.
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The study aimed to create decision-making content for workplace work environment development, followed by a limited evaluation to determine the perception of the importance of the identified content in different sectors. Enforcement/administrative orders in workplace inspection reports were used as empirical infor-mation on workplaces. This information was used to design decision ladders, which form the second phase of cognitive work analysis, the activity analysis. The decision ladders, which support decision-making, cov-ered work functions identified in an earlier work domain analysis study, i.e., exposure prevention, organisa-tional management, competence realisation, workers’ empowerment, psychosocial work environment man-agement, and administration. Specified content of decision ladders for each function was used to prepare a questionnaire for evaluating the content validity for work environment development.
Altogether, 29 items were identified as the content for work environment development. Statistical analysis of the limited evaluation showed no significant difference between the different sectors in their perceptions of the importance of the content in developing work environments. Similar sectoral perceptions' trends support the content utility and validity in work environment development.
The procedure formulation step of the decision ladders, with the phrase “What steps are needed to...” applied preceding the identified content constructs, provides practical activities regarded as essential for work environment development.
Using enforcement inspection reports as the basis for work environment development is a novel approach to addressing workplace safety and health management challenges. Further, the universal utility of the content allows for its implementation across sectors, allowing for workplace-specific decision-making on management measures.
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Geng, Ruhui. "Cognitive deficits in depressive disorder." Theoretical and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/8/20240379.
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Depression is a globally prevalent mental disorder, often accompanied by various cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairment in depression is related to brain dysfunction, resulting from focal brain damage affecting cognitive functions. Its primary manifestations include memory loss, visual disturbances, hallucinations, executive function deficits, and difficulties in sustaining attention. Cognitive functions encompass perception, cognition, and interaction with the external environment, constituting complex brain processes. Presently, our understanding of cognitive impairment in depression remains somewhat limited, underscoring the importance of further in-depth research. Damage to specific brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial temporal lobe can result in cognitive deficits in severe depression patients. Interventions tailored to these lesions, such as computerized cognitive tasks and brain stimulation techniques, contribute to cognitive improvement in depression patients. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, including breath control, assist patients in reducing stress and negative emotions. Cognitive bias modification and creative art therapy promote both mental and physical well-being. Moreover, exposure to pleasant music and engaging in aerobic exercise facilitate the recovery of depression patients with cognitive impairments. Regarding pharmacological treatments, duloxetine, vortioxetine, liraglutide, intranasal insulin, and intracerebral insulin can be employed for intervention in cognitive impairment associated with depression.
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Hermush, Yoseph, and Yehezkel Yeshurun. "Spatial-Gradient Limit on Perception of Multiple Motion." Perception 24, no. 11 (November 1995): 1247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p241247.
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Motion is perceived whenever a subject is presented with an appropriate spatiotemporal visual pattern. Like many other visual tasks, motion perception involves both local and global processing, and thus might be subject to the well-known paradox that arises from the fact that local features and observations form the basis for global perception, but sometimes this global percept can not be easily derived from any single local observation, as is best exemplified by the aperture problem. Globally, dual (transparent) motion can be readily perceived. Spatial limits on the local ability to perceive multiple motion are sought. By using the framework of apparent motion, it is found that dual, orthogonally oriented motion can be perceived only when the dots that constitute the two motions are separated by some spatial limit. For short-range apparent motion, the limit is found to be comparable to Dmax, and the visual system cannot perceive more than a single coherent motion in a local ‘patch’ of radius Dmax. It was also found that this spatial limit on local-motion perception is not constant, but depends linearly on the spatial organisation of the stimuli, and vanishes for stimuli having reverse contrast. The lower bound on the ability to perceive multiple motion is compared with some well-known bounds in stereopsis, and a cortical columnar architecture that might account for it is proposed.
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Ross, Barry, and Sarah Knight. "Reports of equitonic scale systems in African musical traditions and their implications for cognitive models of pitch organization." Musicae Scientiae 23, no. 4 (October 17, 2017): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864917736105.
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Psychological research into musical behavior has mostly focused on Western music, explored with experiments utilizing Western participants. This ethnocentric bias limits the generalizability of many claims in the field. We argue that our current understanding of the cognition of pitch organization might be helpfully informed by data gathered in non-Western contexts. In particular, musical traditions featuring equal-spaced scales (where all scale-step interval sizes are equal) are suggested to pose a challenge to popular models of pitch organization, in which unequally spaced scales are suggested to provide cognitive anchor points for on-the-fly pitch orientation. This article presents a summary and theoretical consideration of all available evidence on equal-spaced scales, the vast majority of which appear in east Africa. It is noted that despite equal spacing, there is evidence to suggest that tonal centers are still perceived by idiomatic listeners. We then proceed to propose how such tonal center perception is possible within equal-spaced tonal environments. In short, the existence of equal-spaced scale systems shifts the focus of research from interval uniqueness to alternative explanations for the perception of tonal centers, such as implicit statistical tracking, secondary parameters, recognition of learnt patterns as tonal cues, and so on. Throughout, we note that interdisciplinary work involving ethnomusicologists and psychologists would be beneficial in answering questions about music cognition, and by extension, human cognition in general.
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Loidolt, Michaela, Ulrike Aust, Michael Steurer, Nikolaus F. Troje, and Ludwig Huber. "Limits of dynamic object perception in pigeons: Dynamic stimulus presentation does not enhance perception and discrimination of complex shape." Learning & Behavior 34, no. 1 (February 2006): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03192873.
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McCarley, Jason S., Jeffrey R. W. Mounts, and Arthur F. Kramer. "Spatially mediated capacity limits in attentive visual perception." Acta Psychologica 126, no. 2 (October 2007): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.11.004.
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Hussein, Mahmoud, Yehia Sayed Mohammed, Ahmed I. Galal, Emad Abd-Elrahman, and Mohamed Zorkany. "Smart Cognitive IoT Devices Using Multi-Layer Perception Neural Network on Limited Microcontroller." Sensors 22, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145106.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) era is mainly dependent on the word “Smart”, such as smart cities, smart homes, and smart cars. This aspect can be achieved through the merging of machine learning algorithms with IoT computing models. By adding the Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms to IoT, the result is the Cognitive IoT (CIoT). In the automotive industry, many researchers worked on self-diagnosis systems using deep learning, but most of them performed this process on the cloud due to the hardware limitations of the end-devices, and the devices obtain the decision via the cloud servers. Others worked with simple traditional algorithms of machine learning to solve these limitations of the processing capabilities of the end-devices. In this paper, a self-diagnosis smart device is introduced with fast responses and little overhead using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP-NN) as a deep learning technique. The MLP-NN learning stage is performed using a Tensorflow framework to generate an MLP model’s parameters. Then, the MLP-NN model is implemented using these model’s parameters on a low cost end-device such as ARM Cortex-M Series architecture. After implementing the MLP-NN model, the IoT implementation is built to publish the decision results. With the proposed implemented method for the smart device, the output decision based on sensors values can be taken by the IoT node itself without returning to the cloud. For comparison, another solution is proposed for the cloud-based architecture, where the MLP-NN model is implemented on Cloud. The results clarify a successful implemented MLP-NN model for little capabilities end-devices, where the smart device solution has a lower traffic and latency than the cloud-based solution.
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Khalid, Momina, Saleha Amin Khan, Memoona Awan, Kanwal Asif, Mehwish Waseem, and Muhammad Iqbal Tariq. "Correlation between body mass index, body perception and physical activity among university students." Foundation University Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33897/fujrs.v3i2.306.
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Background: With the current advancement in technology, sedentary lifestyles, and decreased physical activities, university students are highly prone to distorted body perceptions and obesity. However, limited studies have been conducted about body weight and body perception in university students studying in Pakistan. Objective: This research aimed to determine correlation between BMI, body perception and physical activity in university students. Methods: This is a correlational study. A sample size of 437 was calculated by online sample size calculator. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. The study was carried out in different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi and the tools such as International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Body Mass Index, and Figure Rating Scale were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: BMI and body perception showed significant moderate positive correlation (r=0.472, p=<0.05). Physical activity showed significant weak correlation with body perception and BMI (r=0.125 and 0.024, p=<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of current study that students have misperceptions regarding their body weight but weight misperception was not a cognitive barrier in participants for physical activity and majority participants performed moderate to vigorous activities.
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Luccio, Riccardo. "Limits of the Application of Bayesian Modeling to Perception." Perception 48, no. 10 (August 7, 2019): 901–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619868125.
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Phinney, Ray, Robert Wilson, Brian Hays, Kristi Peters, and Robert Patterson. "Spatial Displacement Limits for Cyclopean (Stereoscopic) Apparent-Motion Perception." Perception 23, no. 11 (November 1994): 1287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p231287.
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The range of spatial displacements over which cyclopean (stereoscopic) apparent motion is perceived was investigated. The cyclopean stimuli were created from retinal disparity embedded in dynamic random-dot stereograms. In one experiment, the displacement range for crossed-disparity cyclopean motion was compared with that for luminance-domain motion. The results showed that cyclopean motion was perceived over spatial displacements that were about two to three times larger than the displacements over which luminance motion was perceived. In a second experiment, the displacement range for crossed-disparity cyclopean motion was compared with that for uncrossed-disparity cyclopean motion. The results revealed that the displacement range was restricted (motion quality was poor) for uncrossed motion relative to crossed motion. It is inferred that cyclopean motion from crossed disparity is represented at a coarse spatial scale, relative to luminance motion, and that cyclopean motion from uncrossed disparity is suppressed due to occlusion cues present when uncrossed stimuli are seen behind a textured background.
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Sriram, Balaji, Lillian Li, Alberto Cruz-Martín, and Anirvan Ghosh. "A Sparse Probabilistic Code Underlies the Limits of Behavioral Discrimination." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 1040–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz147.
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Abstract The cortical code that underlies perception must enable subjects to perceive the world at time scales relevant for behavior. We find that mice can integrate visual stimuli very quickly (<100 ms) to reach plateau performance in an orientation discrimination task. To define features of cortical activity that underlie performance at these time scales, we measured single-unit responses in the mouse visual cortex at time scales relevant to this task. In contrast to high-contrast stimuli of longer duration, which elicit reliable activity in individual neurons, stimuli at the threshold of perception elicit extremely sparse and unreliable responses in the primary visual cortex such that the activity of individual neurons does not reliably report orientation. Integrating information across neurons, however, quickly improves performance. Using a linear decoding model, we estimate that integrating information over 50–100 neurons is sufficient to account for behavioral performance. Thus, at the limits of visual perception, the visual system integrates information encoded in the probabilistic firing of unreliable single units to generate reliable behavior.
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Png, C. A., J. Liang, Y. Mok, and J. Chang. "0627 Cognitive Perceptions Impact Short-Term CPAP Adherence in Asian Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A239—A240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.623.
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Abstract Introduction Adherence for the gold standard Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is poor worldwide. Studies have explored factors impacting CPAP adherence but data is limited for Asian patients where cultural and social norms differ. This study aimed to examine the role of disease and treatment-related perceptions in short-term CPAP adherence among patients from a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian country. Methods 34 patients with newly diagnosed OSA were recruited from Changi General Hospital, a 1000-bed tertiary hospital in Singapore between September 2018 and February 2019. Psychological factors of self-efficacy, risk-perception and outcome expectancies were assessed with the Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) questionnaire. The SEMSA questionnaire has been previously validated for the evaluation of adherence-related cognitions. Patients were administered the SEMSA questionnaire before commencement of CPAP treatment and 1 month after. Results 73.5% (25/34) of the patients were male (82.4% Chinese, 11.8% Malays, 2.9% Indians, 2.9% others). Mean age was 43.3 ± 11.8 years, mean apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was 45.2 ± 29.6 events/hr and mean CPAP usage at one month was 3.6±2.0 hours. 47% were adherent to CPAP, defined as average device use > 4 hrs/day. Pre-treatment self-efficacy was significantly correlated with CPAP adherence (r = 0.498, P<0.01). Outcome expectancies and self-efficacy measured after one-month CPAP use were significantly correlated with CPAP adherence (r = 0.702, P<0.01; r = 0.467, P<0.01, respectively). However, no association between risk perception and CPAP adherence was noted at either time points. Conclusion Consistent with previous literature in Western population, our study demonstrated that patients’ cognitive perceptions of outcome expectancies and sense of self-efficacy have an impact on CPAP adherence in a Southeast Asian population. Strategies targeting these aspects would be important in designing patient education programs. Support
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Gregory, Kate, and Deanna Gibbs. "AIDS Dementia Complex: The Perception of Loss of Functional Ability." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 11 (November 2002): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260206501105.
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AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) is a subcortical dementia often associated with HIV disease. Despite undergoing numerous assessments of cognition and function to determine their need for personal care assistance, there is limited information on how individuals with ADC view their functional and cognitive impairments and the subsequent effect on their lifestyle. This study investigated issues of concern to clients with ADC in order to provide a greater understanding of the psychological effect of the loss of functional ability. A qualitative design was used to explore individuals' experience of ADC and clarify their insight and perception regarding the loss of function. The participants were selected by the use of purposeful sampling techniques. Information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and analysed using an analytic induction method. Five main themes were identified as being important in relation to the perception of functional ability. Discrepancies emerged between the insights of individuals with ADC regarding their level of function and their need for assistance and support with activities of daily living, compared with those of the health care workers involved in their care. Health care workers need to have an awareness of the insight that individuals with ADC may have into their functional ability when addressing issues of supported accommodation and level of assistance required.
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Puchkova, Daria. "RADICAL CONSTRUCTIVISM AS A NEW COURSE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY EPISTEMOLOGY." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 21, no. 1 (2023): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2023.21.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the dynamic development of cognitive sciences, the principles of interdisciplinary projects of naturalistic epistemology began to be revised in view of the limited scientific validity of their theories. Based on the sources, it was analyzed whether modern radical constructivism can appear as a modified form of evolutionary epistemology and how cognitive biology modernizes these two projects in real time with the participation of the latest developments of the evo-devo-perspective, which indicates the integration of all modern theoretical approaches to the study of epistemology of knowledge: computer biology, biosemiotics, cognitive research, etc. It was found that radical constructivism and evolutionary epistemology have the same methodological position, which is contained in the understanding of life and knowledge from two sides of the same process. Cognition is an activity that is part of self-reproduction and self-preservation of autopoiesis systems. The interaction of the autopoiesis system, which is a living organism (humans, animals, plants) with the surrounding environment is a cognitive interaction. When cognition is understood as a life process, it includes perception, emotional activity, and behavior, which is also the object of analysis of cognitive biology. It is shown that neither evolutionary epistemology nor radical constructivism and cognitive biology is a closed theory or a completed project. The boundaries of cognitive biology are expanding to such an extent that we are starting to talk about cognitive neuroscience – a field in which the biological basis of cognition is studied, first of all, the neural substrate of mental processes, and about the synthesizing convergence of cognitive sciences and life sciences. It gives grounds for the creation of neuroethics, neuroaesthetics, neuropolitics, and neurophilosophy. Such projects are transdisciplinary, as they include the study of genetic components of changes, and evolution and development, that is, the study of the relationship between evolution and development, between phylogeny and ontogenesis. Accordingly, these projects appear not as systems of knowledge, not as established disciplines, but as research programs of an interdisciplinary nature – because the basis and boundaries of their research are currently expanding and closely related to each other.
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Shah, Ajit. "What Are the Necessary Characteristics of a Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Rating Scale?" International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dementia encompasses both cognitive and noncognitive domains. Noncognitive symptoms include disorders of behavior, personality, mood, thought content, and perception and impaired functional ability. Behavioral, personality, mood, and thought content disorders have been labeled behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) following a previous International Psychogeriatric Association consensus conference. Traditionally, BPSD have been poorly studied for several reasons, including the lack of importance attached to cognition in the diagnosis of dementia, the assumption that BPSD are secondary to cognitive and personality changes, the difficulty of accurately defining BPSD, and the paucity of standardized instruments to measure BPSD. Historically, all BPSD tended to be studied together under one broad umbrella and thus older data on individual BPSD are limited. Differing definitions, patient populations, study designs, data collection methods, measurement instruments, and methodologic issues influence the prevalence of the various BPSD reported in different studies, making comparisons between studies difficult.