Дисертації з теми "Lignite Analysis"
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Lindsey, Benjamin Keith. "Thermogravimetric analysis of biomass-lignite blends for co-combustion." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428358.
Повний текст джерелаCimen, Selahattin. "The Analysis Of Total Factor Efficiency In The Public Lignite Mining Organizations In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613544/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаs globalized system requires the resources to be produced and utilized in the most economical manner. The supply of the resources to the market in a competitive way is possible by employing an efficient operation, which is then possible only through the business units producing these resources working efficiently. In this study, the efficiencies of the eight establishments of the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Super Efficiency (SE) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MI) methodologies. For the analyses, three output oriented models were constructed and used: Production Efficiency, Revenue Efficiency and Work Safety Efficiency models. In determining the input and output data used in the analyses, it was benefited from similar studies searched in the literature, knowledge of business and economics and a series of brainstorming of the expert panel consisting of ten high level representatives of the public and private lignite mining companies as well as that of the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. As a part of the analyses, first the production and revenue efficiencies of the establishments were analyzed by using Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) methods of DEA. Within this context, efficient and inefficient establishments for the years between 2006 to 2009, and benchmarks for inefficient establishments to move to becoming efficient were determined. Furthermore, for the production and revenue efficiency models, the target values and improvement potentials for the inefficient establishments in CRS analyses to becoming more efficient were calculated by using benchmarks tables and 2009 realized values of inputs and outputs. Second, the efficiency rankings of the efficient establishments among themselves between 2006 to 2009 were determined by using SE methodology. Third, to provide the dynamic analysis of the development of the establishments'
s efficiency levels in time, the changes of production, revenue and work safety efficiencies of the establishments between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed using the Malmquist Index (MI) methodology. MI analyses included the analysis of the efficiencies in four efficiency components (Technical, Technological, Pure and Scale efficiencies) as well as the calculation of the Total Factor Productivity Indexes of the establishments.
Qi, Ying 1964. "Characterisation of organic and inorganic components in process water from a novel lignite dewatering process." Monash University, School of Chemistry, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5234.
Повний текст джерелаŠirůček, David. "Vliv aplikace lignitu na distribuci organického uhlíku v půdě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401883.
Повний текст джерелаCihlář, Zdeněk. "Retence vody v huminových kyselinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216495.
Повний текст джерелаCihlář, Zdeněk. "Hydrogely huminových kyselin." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234571.
Повний текст джерелаSchubert, Daniel Kurt Josef. "Bewertung von Szenarien für Energiesysteme: Potenziale, Grenzen und Akzeptanz." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202226.
Повний текст джерелаZiebell, Angela Louise. "Modelling lignin depolymerisation using size exclusion chromatography." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/35984.
Повний текст джерелаPresented for full assessment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 222-246.
Nagy, Máté. "Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31668.
Повний текст джерелаCommittee Chair: Ragauskas, Arthur; Committee Member: Bunz, Uwe; Committee Member: Deng, Yulin; Committee Member: Singh, Preet; Committee Member: Soper, Jake. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Nagy, Máté. "Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31668.
Повний текст джерелаBrodin, Ida. "Chemical Properties and Thermal Behaviour of Kraft Lignins." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11010.
Повний текст джерелаResearch concerning lignin has increased during the last years due to its renewability and ready availability in black liquor at pulp mills. Today, the kraft lignin found in black liquor is used as a fuel to gain energy in the recovery boiler at the mill. However, a new isolation concept, LignoBoost®, has enabled isolation of part of the lignin while allowing the use of black liquor as a fuel. This isolated lignin can be utilised as a fuel in, for example, thermal power stations or further upgraded to more value-added products. In this context, the most interesting value-added product is carbon fibre. The demand for carbon fibre has increased, but the biggest obstacle for a more extended use is the high production cost. About half of the production cost is related to the raw material.
In this work, the possibility of using kraft lignin as a precursor for carbon fibre production has been investigated through fundamental studies. Kraft lignins originating from birch, Eucalyptus globulus, softwoods and softwoods from liner production have been studied. By separating the lignin while still in solution in the black liquor, unwanted large particles such as carbohydrates can easily be removed. After isolation according to the LignoBoost process and purification with the use of an ion-exchanger, the lignins have been both chemically and thermally characterised. Identification of the released compounds at different temperatures has been performed because only 40% of carbon relative to original lignin remains, down from theoretical 60% after thermal treatment up to 1000°C. The main released compounds were phenols, as revealed by pyrolysis-GC/MS. Additionally, a pre-oxidation was done in order to try to stabilise the lignins. It was shown that an oxidation prior to the thermal treatment increases the yield by more than 10% and that the main release of compounds takes place between 400°C and 600°C. Fractionated lignin is better qualified as raw material for carbon fibre production because it is purer and its softening temperature can be detected. Fractionated kraft lignins from all investigated wood sources have high possibilities to act as precursors for the manufacture of carbon fibre.
Mousavioun, Payam. "Properties of lignin and poly(hydroxybutyrate) blends." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46668/1/Payam_Mousavioun_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBowman, Amber Suzanne. "ENHANCED ANALYSIS OF LIGNIN DEHYDROGENATION OLIGOMERS VIA MASS SPECTROMETRY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/104.
Повний текст джерелаAllsop, Simon. "Linkage analysis and lignin peroxidase gene expression in Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52323.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wood is composed of three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is the main structural polymer, whereas the function of lignin in plants is to impart rigidity to the cells, to waterproof the vascular system, and to protect the plant against pathogens. A group of microorganisms, called white-rot fungi, are able to selectively degrade the lignin and hemicellulose from wood leaving the cellulose virtually untouched. The most widely studied fungus of this group is the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which has become a model organism in studies of lignin degradation. Lignin is a large, heterogenous and water insoluble polymer and therefore the enzymes needed to degrade it have to be extracellular and non-specific. There are a number of enzymes that are involved in the degradation of lignin, including lignin peroxidases, manganese dependent peroxidases and laccases. Laecases are blue copper oxidases that require molecular oxygen to function, whereas lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases are heme proteins that require hydrogen peroxide. Phanerochaete chrysosporium has all three of these enzymes, as well as a system for producing the hydrogen peroxide that is necessary for peroxidases to function. For both scientific and industrial purposes, it is important to obtain linkage maps of the positions of genes in the genome of an organism. Most fungi, including P. chrysosporium, lack easily identifiable phenotypical markers that can be used to map the position of genes relative to each other on the genome. Previous methods of mapping genes in P. chrysosporium involved auxotrophic mutants, radioactivity, or the use of hazardous chemicals. Here we describe an automated DNA-sequencing based mapping technique that eliminates many of the problems associated with previous techniques. Portions of the genes to be mapped were amplified from homokaryotic single basidiospore cultures using gene specific primers using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The PCR products were sequenced to determine the segregation of alleles. Two previously mapped lignin peroxidases, lipA and lipC, were used to develop this method, and the results obtained corresponded to the known genetic linkage. A newly characterised 13-glucosidase encoding gene from P. chrysosporium was also mapped. Linkage was found between the 13-glucosidase gene and a histone (Hl) encoding gene. In P. chrysosporium the lignin peroxidase isozymes are encoded by a family of at least ten genes. Previous studies with P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 in defined media, wood and soil have shown differential expression of the lignin peroxidase isozymes. In this investigation the levels of expression of lignin peroxidases in P. chrysosporium ME446 cultures grown in nitrogen or carbon limited defined liquid media, as well as on aspen wood chips were determined by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-peR). These results were compared to those previously obtained from P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 to evaluate strain specific variation in the expression of lignin peroxidases. The results indicate that, although there were many similarities in the patterns of lignin peroxidase expression, there were also enough differences to conclude that there were strain specific variations in the temporal expression of the lignin peroxidases. To conclude, a fast and cost effective method for mapping genes in P. chrysosporium was developed. Also, we showed that strain specific variation in temporal expression of lignin peroxidases occurs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hout bestaan uit drie hoof komponente nl. sellulose, hemisellulose en lignien. Sellulose is die hoof strukturele polimeer, terwyl die funksie van lignin in plante is om die selle te versterk, die vaskulêre sisteem waterdig te hou, en die plant teen patogene te beskerm. 'n Groep mikroërganisms, bekend as witvrotswamme, kan lignien en hemisellulose selektief uit die hout verwyder, terwyl die sellulosevesels oorbly. Vanuit hierdie groep swamme is die meeste navorsing op die basidiomiseet Phanerochaete chrysosporium gedoen Lignien is 'n groot, heterogene polimeer en is onoplosbaar in water. Die ensieme wat benodig word om lignien afte breek is daarom nie-spesifiek en kom ekstrasellulêr voor. 'n Aantal ensieme is by die afbraak van lignien betrokke, insluitend lignienperoksidase, mangaanperoksidase en lakkase. Lakkase is 'n blou koperoksidase wat suurstof benodig vir aktiwiteit. Lignienperoksidase en mangaanperoxidase is heemproteïene en benodig waterstofperoksied. Phanerochaete chrysosporium het al drie van hiedie ensieme, sowel as 'n sisteem wat waterstofperoksied produseer. Vir beide wetenskaplike en nywerheidsdoeleindes is koppelingskaarte wat die posisie van gene in die genoom van 'n organisme aandui noodsaaklik. Die meeste swamme, P. chrysosporium ingesluit, het geen fenotipiese merkers wat maklik van mekaar onderskei kan word nie, en dit is dus moeilik om 'n kaart van die ligging van gene op die genoom te bepaal. Vorige metodes om gene in P. chrysosporium te karteer het auksotrofiese mutante, radioaktiwiteit of gevaarlike chemikalieë gebruik. Ons beskryf 'n metode wat van automatiese DNA-volgordebepaling gebruik maak en wat baie van die tekortkominge van die ou metodes oorkom. Dele van die gene is met geen-spesifieke PKR-amplifikasie uit kulture van homokariotiese enkel basidiospore verkry en die DNA-volgorde is bepaal om die segregasie van die allele te ondersoek. Twee gene waarvoor 'n koppelingskaart alreeds uitgewerk is, fipA en lipt), was gebruik om hierdie metode te ontwikkel. Die resultate stem ooreen met die bekende genetiese koppeling tussen hierdie gene. 'n Geen wat onlangs in P. chrysosporium ontdek is, nl. I3-glucosidase, is ook met hierdie metode gekarteer. Koppeling is met 'n histoon (Hl) geen gevind. Die lignienperoksidase isoensieme in P. chrysosporium word deur 'n familie van ten minste tien gene gekodeer. Vorige navorsing met P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 in gedefineerde media, hout en grond het getoon dat 'n variasie in die uitdrukking van lignienperoxidase isoensieme voorkom. In hierdie ondersoek is 'n kultuur van P. chrysosporium ME446 in stikstof- of koolstof-beperkende vloeibare media opgegroei, as ook op aspen houtblokkies. Die vlak van uitdrukking van die lignienperoksidases is deur middel van die omgekeerde transkripsie polimerasekettingreaksie (RT-PKR) bepaal. Die resultate vir P. chrysosporium ME446 is vergelyk met vorige resultate van P. chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 om te bepaal of stamspesifieke variasies in die uitdrukking van lignienperoksidases voorkom. Daar is 'n aanduiding dat, alhoewel soortgelyke patrone in die vlakke van lignienperoksidase uitdrukking voorkom, daar ook noemenswaardige verskille is. Hieruit kan afgelui word dat stamverwante variasie van lignienperokisdase uitdrukking voorkom. Ten slotte, ons het 'n vinnige, goedkoop metode om die gene in P. chrysosporium te karteer ontwikkel. Ons het ook bewys dat stam-spesifieke variasie in die uitdrukking van die lignienperoxidase gene voorkom.
Mbewana, Sandiswa. "Functional analysis of a lignin biosynthetic gene in transgenic tobacco." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4276.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Necrotrophic fungi infect many economically important crop plants. This results in great losses in the agricultural sector world-wide. Understanding the nature by which plants respond to pathogens is imperative for genetically enhancing disease resistance in plants. Research tools have significantly contributed to our understanding of how the plant responds to pathogen attack, identifying an array of defence mechanisms used by plants upon attack. Many fungal pathogens secrete endopolygalacturonases (endoPGs) when infecting plants. These hydrolytic enzymes are inhibited by polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) associated with plant cell walls. PGIPs are well characterised and their current known functions are all linked to endoPG inhibition and the subsequent upregulation of plant defence pathways. Work on grapevine PGIPs have shown that apart from being efficient antifungal proteins, leading to protection of the plant against Botrytis cinerea when overexpressed, PGIPs might also have additional functions linked to cell wall strengthening. This working hypothesis formed the motivation of this study where a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) (1.1.1.195) gene was targeted for functional analysis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Some previous work and genetic resources obtained is relevant to this study, specifically previously characterized transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing the Vitis vinifera pgip1 (Vvpgip1) gene. These lines have confirmed PGIP-specific resistance phenotypes against B. cinerea, as well as increased levels of CAD transcripts in healthy plants. Moreover, preliminary evaluations indicated increased lignin levels as well as differential expression of several other cell wall genes in these overexpressing lines (in the absence of infections). In this study we generated a transgenic tobacco population, overexpressing the native CAD14 gene, via Agrobacterium transformations. The transgene was overexpressed with the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter (CaMV 35Sp). The CAD transgenic population was analyzed for transgene integration and expression and showed active transcription, even from leaves that normally don’t express CAD to high levels. These lines, together with the untransformed control, and a representative transgenic VvPGIP1 tobacco line previously characterized with elevated expression of CAD were used for all further analyses, specifically CAD activity assays of stems and leaves, as well as whole plant infections with B. cinerea. CAD enzyme activity assays were performed on healthy uninfected plant lines, without inducing native CAD expression or resistance phenotypes (i.e. without Botrytis infection). CAD activity was detected in leaves and stems, but a statistically sound separation between the CAD population and the untransformed control was only observed in the stems. The CAD assays also confirmed previous results that indicated that CAD transcription was upregulated in the PGIP line in the absence of infection. Overall, in all plant lines the stems exhibited 10-fold higher levels of CAD activity than the leaves, but the transgenic VvPGIP1 line showed a further 2-3-fold increase in CAD activity in the stems, when compared to the untransformed control and the majority of the CAD overexpressing lines. Disease assessment by whole plant infections with B. cinerea of the CAD transgenic plants revealed reduced disease susceptibility towards this pathogen. A reduction in disease susceptibility of 20 – 40% (based on lesion sizes) was observed for a homologous group of transgenic lines that was statistically clearly separated from the untransformed control plants following infection with Botrytis over an 11-day-period. The VvPGIP1 transgenic line displayed the strongest resistance phenotype, with reduction in susceptibility of 47%. The reduction in plant tissue maceration and lesion expansion was most pronounced in the VvPGIP1 line compared to the CAD transgenic plants, while the CAD transgenic plants showed more reduction than the untransformed control. In combination, the data confirms that CAD upregulation could lead to resistance phenotypes. Relating this data back to the previously observed upregulation of CAD in the VvPGIP1-overexpressing lines, the findings from this study corroborates that increased CAD activity contributes to the observed resistance phenotypes, possibility by strengthening the cell wall. In conclusion, this study yielded a characterized transgenic population overexpressing the CAD14 gene; this overexpression contributed to increased RNA transcription compared to the untransformed control plant, increased CAD activity (most notably in the stems) and a disease resistance phenotype against Botrytis. These findings corroborates the current working hypothesis in our group that PGIPs might have a role in preparing the plant cell for attack by contributing to specific cell wall changes. The exact mechanisms are still currently unknown and under investigation. The transgenic lines generated in this study will be invaluable in the subsequent analyses where these various phenotypes will be subjected to profiling and accurate cell wall analyses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nekrotrofiese swamme infekteer en beskadig verskeie ekonomies belangrike gewasse. Dit lei wêreldwyd tot groot verliese vir die landbousektor. Dit is noodsaaklik om te verstaan hoe plante reageer teenoor patogene, sodat die siekteweerstand van plante verbeter kan word. Navorsingshulpbronne het beduidend bygedra tot die kennis van plantreaksies tydens patogeniese aanvalle, en het sodoende ‘n reeks van weerstandmeganismes, wat die plant inspan tydens ‘n aanval, geïdentifiseer. Verskeie patogeniese swamme skei endopoligalakturonases (endoPGs) af tydens plantinfeksie. Hierdie hidrolitiese ensieme word geïnhibeer deur poligalakturonase-inhiberende proteïene (PGIPs) wat met die plantselwand geassosieerd is. PGIPs is goed gekarakteriseerd en al hulle huidiglik bekende funksies is gekoppel aan endoPG inhibisie en die daaropvolgende opregulering van plant weerstandspaaie. Navorsing op wingerd PGIPs het gewys dat, afgesien van die feit dat PGIPs goeie antifungiese proteïene is wat lei tot beskerming van die plant teen Botrytis cinerea wanneer dit ooruitgedruk word, PGIPs ook moontlik addisionele funksies verrig wat verwant is aan selwandversterking. Hierdie werkshipotese vorm die motivering vir hierdie studie waarin ‘n sinnamiel alkohol dehidrogenase (SAD) (1.1.1.195) geen geteiken is vir funksionele analise in tabak (Nicotiana tabacum). Vorige navorsing en genetiese hulpbronne daardeur verkry is belangrik vir hierdie studie, spesifiek die gekarakteriseerde transgeniese tabaklyne wat die Vitis vinifera pgip1 (Vvpgip1) geen ooruitdruk. Hierdie lyne besit bevestigde PGIP-spesifieke weerstandsfenotipes teen B. cinerea, sowel as hoër vlakke van SAD transkripte in gesonde plante. Voorlopige analises het ook aangedui dat hierdie ooruitdrukkende lyne hoër lignien vlakke het, asook differensiële uitdrukking van verskeie ander selwandgene (in die afwesigheid van infeksie). In hierdie studie is ‘n transgeniese tabakpopulasie gegenereer wat die natuurlike tabak SAD14 geen ooruitdruk, deur middel van Agrobacterium transformasie. Die transgeen is ooruitgedruk deur die Blomkool Mosaïek Virus promoter (CaMV 35Sp). Die SAD transgeniese populasie is geanaliseer vir transgeen integrasie en uitdrukking en het aktiewe transkriptering getoon, selfs in blare waar daar normaalweg nie hoë vlakke van SAD uitgedruk word nie. Hierdie lyne, die ongetransformeerde wilde-tipe kontrole sowel as ’n verteenwoordigende transgeniese VvPGIP1 tabaklyn wat vooraf gekarakteriseerd was met hoë SAD uitdrukking, is gebruik vir alle verdere analises, spesifiek SAD aktiwiteitstoetse in stingels en blare, asook heelplantinfeksies met B. cinerea. Aktiwiteitsanalises van die SAD ensiem is gedoen op gesonde ongeinfekteerde plantlyne, sonder om natuurlike tabak SAD uitdrukking of weerstandsfenotipes te induseer (dus sonder Botrytis infeksie). SAD aktiwiteit is waargeneem in beide die blare en stingels, maar ‘n statisties betekenisvolle skeiding is slegs gevind tussen die SAD populasie en die ongetransformeerde kontrole in die stingels. Die SAD toetse het ook vorige resultate bevestig wat aangedui het dat SAD transkripsie opgereguleer word in die PGIP lyn in die afwesigheid van infeksie. Die stingels het oor die algemeen ‘n 10-voudige vermeerdering in SAD aktiwiteitsvlakke getoon in vergelyking met die blare, maar die transgeniese VvPGIP1 lyn het ‘n verdere 2-3-voudige verhoging in SAD aktiwiteit gehad in die stingels ,in vergelyking met die ongetransformeerde kontrole en die meerderheid van die SADooruitdrukkende lyne. Siekteweerstand ondersoeke deur middel van heelplantinfeksies met B. cinerea van die SAD transgeniese plante, het verminderde vatbaarheid aangedui ten opsigte van hierdie patogeen. ‘n Afname in siekte-vatbaarheid van 20 – 40% (gebaseer op wondgroottes) is waargeneem vir ‘n homoloë groep transgeniese lyne wat statisties betekenisvol geskei kon word van die ongetransformeerde kontrole plante na infeksie met Botrytis in ‘n infeksietoets wat 11 dae geduur het. Die VvPGIP1 transgeniese lyn het die mees weerstandbiedende fenotipe gehad, met ‘n afname in siekte-vatbaarheid van 47%. Die afname in plantweefselafbreking en wondgrootte was die duidelikste in die VvPGIP1 lyn in vergelyking met die SAD transgeniese plante, terwyl die SAD transgeniese plante ‘n groter afname aangedui het as die ongetransformeerde kontrole. In kombinasie het die data bevestig dat SAD opregulasie kan lei tot weerstandbiedende fenotipes. Hierdie data, in vergelyking met die vorige bevinding van opregulasie van SAD in die VvPGIP1-ooruitdrukkende lyne, bevestig dat hoër SAD aktiwiteit bydra tot die waargenome weerstandbiedende fenotipes, moontlik deur versterking van die plantselwand. Ter afsluiting, hierdie studie het ‘n gekarakteriseerde transgeniese populasie wat die SAD14 geen ooruitdruk gelewer; hierdie ooruitdrukking het bygedra tot hoër RNA transkripsie in vergelyking met die kontrole, verhoogde SAD aktiwiteit (veral in die stingels) en siekteweerstandbiedende fenotipes teenoor Botrytis. Hierdie bevindinge ondersteun die huidige werkshipotese in ons groep dat PGIPs moontlik ‘n rol speel in die voorbereiding van die plantsel teen infeksie deur spesifieke selwandveranderinge te veroorsaak. Die spesifieke meganismes is steeds onbekend en word verder ondersoek. Die transgeniese lyne wat tydens hierdie studie gegenereer is, sal baie belangrik wees in opvolgende analises waar hierdie verskillende fenotipes gebruik kan word om die profiel van selwandkomponente, maar ook die akkurate selwandsamestelling te bestudeer.
Koyyappurath, Sayuj. "Étude histo-pathologique et moléculaire de la résistance des vanilliers (Vanilla spp., Orchidaceae) à Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-vanillae, agent de la pourriture des racines et des tiges." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаVanilla is a high value cash crop that is continuously demanded by the agri-food and cosmetics industries for its incomparable flavor. Most of vanilla comes from the cured fruits of V. planifolia G. Jackson, a hemi-epiphytic climbing orchid cultivated in the humid tropics. In all the countries were it is cultivated, the vanilla vines suffer from a root and stem rot (RSR) caused by the soil borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum which dramatically reduces plant production and the durability of plantations. No efficient control method is currently available for this disease. Sources of genetic resistance to RSR exist in few vanilla relatives, but so far no commercial resistant variety has been produced. The purpose of this thesis was to better describe the diversity and histopathology of the causal agent of RSR and to evaluate the potential sources of genetic resistance that could be used in breeding programs. In a first step, a collection of 377 single-spored Fusarium isolates recovered from rotten roots and stems during surveys conducted in 52 vanilla plots from Reunion Island, Madagascar and French Polynesia were characterised. Representative subsets of isolates were genotyped using the Elongation Factor 1α and Intergenic Spacer gene sequences. Their pathogenicity was assayed by root dip inoculation on the susceptible V. planifolia accession pla0001. Results showed that F. oxysporum was the principal species responsible for the disease in the field, although a few F. solani isolates showing slight pathogenicity were also isolated. Fusarium oxysporum isolates were highly polyphyletic regardless of geographic origin or pathogenicity. Remarkably, their pathogenicity varied in gradient between non- pathogenic (about 42% of isolates) to highly pathogenic (14%). In a second step, 254 vanilla accessions comprising 18 species and six types of hybrids were assessed for resistance to RSR in the field (natural inoculum) and in the lab (in-vitro plants inoculated with Fo072). The strong resistance to RSR of all V. pompona accessions and hybrids of V. planifolia X V. pompona or V. phaeantha, were confirmed, and novel sources of resistance to RSR were added including, V. bahiana, V. costariciensis and V. crenulata. Most of the V. planifolia accessions, V. ×tahitensis and V. odorata were susceptible to RSR. However, three inbreeds of V. planifolia showed a high level of resistance to Forv. To our knowledge this is the first report of resistance to RSR in V. planifolia accessions. For the 26 accessions evaluated in both conditions, a strong correlation was observed between long term (9 years) evaluation in the field and ratings on in-vitro plants at 15dpi. Thirdly, we monitored by wide field and multiphoton microscopy the root infection process and the responses of one susceptible accession (V. planifolia pla0001) and two resistant accessions (V. planifolia pla0020 and V. pompona pom0018) to challenge inoculation with the severe isolate Fo072. In the compatible interaction (Fo072 – pla0001) invasion started from penetration of hyphae emitted from germinated conidia in the hairy region of root rapidly colonizing the cortex but never expanded to the vascular bundles up to the 9th dpi. It was therefore suggested to prefix the forma specialis name of the causal agent of RSR with radicis to point out its non-vascular pathogenicity in vanilla. In the two incompatible interactions, the important role played by hypodermis cells for impeding the invasion of the cortex by Fo072 was demonstrated by specific staining and spectral analysis of lignin precursors. Both constitutive and pathogen induced defense mechanism were described in pla0020 and pom0018. The mechanisms included the deposition of lignin in the hypodermal cell wall, entrapment of hyphae in specific hypodemal cells and polyphenolics secretion in intercellular spaces. Further, a de novo transcriptome analysis was experimentedon 8 pooled samples
Tétaz, Franck. "Action d'enzymes bactériennes isolées à partir d'un pseudomonas sur des modèles de la lignine de sous-structure [bêta]-O-4 et des préparations de lignines de "bois explosé" : approche par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10052.
Повний текст джерелаCharbey, Raphaël. "Sociabilités en ligne, usages et réseaux." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0049/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the digital advent, it is now possible for researchers to collect important amounts of data and online social network platforms are surely part of it. Sociologists, among others, seized those new resources to investigate over interaction modalities between individuals as well as their impact on the structure of sociability. Following this lead, this thesis work aims at analyzing a large number of Facebook accounts, through data analysis and graph theory classical tools, and to bring methodological contributions. Two main factors encourage to study Facebook social activities. On one hand, the importance of time spent on this platform by many Internet users justifies by itself the sociologists interest. On the other, and contrarily to what we observe on other social network websites, ties between individuals are similar to the ones that appear offline. First, the thesis proposes to detangle the multiple meanings that are behind the fact of ”being on Facebook”. The uses of our surveyed are not compacted in fantasized normative practices but vary depending on how they appropriate the different composers of the platform tools. These uses, as we will see it, do not concern all the socioprofessional categories in the same way and they also influence how the respondents interact with their online friends. The manuscript also explores these interactions, as well as the lover role into the relational structure. Second part of the thesis builds a typology of these relational structures. They are said as egocentred, which means that they are taken from the perspective of the respondent. This typology of social networks is based on their graphlet counts, that are the number of times each type of subnetwork appear in them. This approach offers a meso perspective (between micro and macro), that is propitious to underline some new social phenomena. With a high pluri-disciplinary potential, the graphlet methodology is also discussed and explored itself
Damaceno, Airton Juliano [UNESP]. "Caracterização da lignina extraída de bagaço de variedades de cana-de-açúcar e desenvolvimento de eletrodo modificado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140277.
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O Brasil é líder na produção de cana-de-açúcar e a cada ano o setor vem crescendo e buscando novas formas para diversificar a planta de produção. Tal fato que o nome da indústria evoluiu de sucroalcooleira para sucroenergéticas devido à importância da co-geração de energia a partir da queima do bagaço nas caldeiras. A bioeletricidade de cana-de açúcar caminha a passos constantes e segue com vários projetos pelo país, devido as usinas estarem próximas dos centro e distribuição/consumo. Outra empresa que busca esta diversificação da sua planta são as indústrias de papel e celulose, principalmente dos seus rejeitos (lignina). Este trabalho tem como objetivo extrair lignina diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar para identificar a variedade que tem melhor rendimento na extração da lignina e rendimento energético, comparar com o bagaço misto (mistura de várias variedades) e por fim desenvolver imunossensores por meio da reação entre antígenos e anticorpos sobre superfícies condutoras de nanografite a partir da mistura de lignina de bagaço de cana e lignina Kraft. A grande questão é a aplicação eletroquímica com o desenvolvimento de imunossensores devido a alta sensibilidade e principalmente pelo baixo custo e utilização em área clínica. A partir do presente estudo pode-se inferir que a variedade SP83-2847 possui o maior rendimento na extração da lignina, já em relação a perda calorífica a variedade SP84-1431 obteve o maior valor e a RB86-7515 o menor. Após a extração da lignina o bagaço resultante contento celulose e hemicelulose apresentou ser mais estável termicamente. As Técnicas de Raios-x e infravermelho confirmaram a extração da liginina, além de demostrar que existe resquício da fração de celulose e hemicelulose na lignina extraída e que o mesmo ocorre quando extraímos a lignina, uma fração fica na celulose. O eletrodo construído a partir do compósito nonografite-lignina kraft modificado com cobre apresentou atividade eletroquímica, estabilidade mecânica e eletroquímica.
Brazil is a leader in sugarcane production, growing each year and looking for new ways to diversify the plant production. By the way, the industries names evolved from sugar and alcohol to sugar and energy due to its importance in energy cogeneration from bagasse burning in boilers. The cane bioeletricity walks in constant steps and continues with various projects around the country, because the plants are close downtown and distribution and consumption centers. Another company seeking this diversification of the plant are the industries of pulp and paper especially its residues (lignin). This project aims to extract lignin from different varieties of sugarcane to identify the the best performer in the extraction and energy efficiency compared with the mixed bagasse sample (mixture of several varieties) and finally develop immunosensors through the reaction between antigens and antibodies on conductive nanographite surfaces from Kraft lignin and bagasse’s lignin mixture. The great question is the development of immunosensors due to high sensitivity and especially the applicability in the clinical area. From this study it can infer that the SP83-2847 variety has the highest extraction yield of lignin, as compared to loss heat the variety SP84-1431 obtained the highest value and the lowest was the RB86-7515. After lignin extraction, the resulting residue containing cellulose and hemicellulose showed to be more thermally stable. XRD and FTIR results confirmed lignin extraction and demonstrated that there is remnant cellulose and hemicellulose fraction of extracted lignin and the same occurs when we extract lignin, a fraction remains in cellulose. The electrode constructed from the composite kraft lignin-nonographite modified with copper showed electrochemical activity, mechanical stability and electrochemistry. These were applied to investigate uric acid in simulated blood plasma samples. For sure lignin is a byproduct that in near future will be a very promising and profitable raw materials in different industries.
Baffa, David Carlos Ferreira. "Herdabilidade e correlações genotípicas de caracteres agronômicos, constituintes da parede celular e sacarificação em cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4735.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A model of an international energy matrix, ideally based on renewable and cleaner energy regarded to petrol, is justified because of the increasing awareness on the global warming issue. Moreover, researches on biofuel, as an alternative source of energy, are essential to guarantee the current ranking of the Brazilian energy autonomy, in addition to the interest in production of surplus so to guarantee exportation and generation of foreign exchange. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable biomass in the planet, therefore a good energetic alternative to petrol. Sugarcane has 2/3 of its mass in lingocellulosic material, an abundant energetic resource which is not efficiently used by the current technologies, therefore, representing an enormous potential for the production of lingocellulosic ethanol. Cellulose can be hydrolyzed in glucose residuals by enzymatic treatment as well as base of acids. Technically, there are some barriers associated to acid and /or enzymatic hydrolysis which need to be overcome. Considering enzymatic hydrolyses, the reaction takes place in a non-aggressive medium, however it takes a long waiting time (from 60 to 72 hours) to occur and the lignin compound is one of the main obstacles for the enzyme access to the cellulose. Thus, the present work aimed at obtaining progress for researches on cellulosic ethanol from the bagasse and, potentially, from other sugarcane by-products through selection of clones that shows high potential bioconvertibility fibers. The experiment was made up of 286 clones and 2 witnesses (RB867515 and SP80-1842) in 25 blocks. They were selected from 13 families of half-siblings and they were vegetative propagation first generation clones. Accordingly, it was carried out correlations among desirable biochemical and agronomical traits, evaluating the cause and effect relationship on fibers and lignin of the stem. It was also estimated the possibility on defining characters which have to be used to carry out a recurrent selection program on sugarcane aiming at alcohol production. It was selected 10 clones with highest lignin content and 10 clones with the lowest lignin content in the bagasse. Those 20 clones were evaluated for the possibility in obtaining a higher glucose content after enzymatic hydrolysis process for cellulosic alcohol production. It could be observed that the higher the content of lignin in the bagasse, the lower the content of glucose produced at the end of hydrolyzesprocess. It was also observed that hemicellulose is more efficient on the conversion than saccharification. Hemicellulose functions as a positive factor on fermentable sugar production for fermentation, because it breaks down cellulose structure allowing access of the enzymes and because of its rupture it supplies glucose molecules for fermentation. Therefore, selected clones show a high potential use on sugar cane genetic breeding, even though it is still needed phenotypic and gene expression analysis studies, enzymatic quantification and syntheses of metabolic, correlating them to syntheses of lignin.
Um modelo de matriz energética mundial, idealmente baseado em fontes mais limpas e renováveis de energia em relação ao petróleo, se justifica pela crescente preocupação com a questão do aquecimento global. Além disso, pesquisas em biocombustíveis como fontes alternativas de energia são essenciais para garantir a atual posição de autonomia energética brasileira, além do interesse pela produção de excedentes para garantir a exportação e geração de divisas. Celulose é a biomassa renovável mais abundante na face da terra e por isso, uma boa alternativa energética em relação ao petróleo. Cana de açúcar apresenta na sua massa 2/3 de sua massa em material ligno-celulósico, um recurso energético abundante não utilizado eficientemente por meio das tecnologias atuais, representando portanto, um enorme potencial para a produção de etanol ligno-celulósico. A celulose pode ser hidrolisada em resíduos de glicose tanto por tratamento enzimático ou a base de ácidos. Há inconvenientes associados à hidrólise ácida e/ou enzimática do ponto de vista técnico e que precisam ser superados. No caso da hidrólise enzimática, a reação ocorre em meio não agressivo, porém, requer um longo tempo de espera (60 a 72 horas) e a componente lignina apresenta-se como um dos principais barreiras para o acesso da enzima a celulose. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter avanços nas pesquisas em etanol celulósico a partir do bagaço e, potencialmente, outros resíduos provenientes do processamento da cana-de-açúcar, por meio da seleção de clones que apresentem fibra com elevado potencial de bioconversibilidade. O experimento foi composto por 286 clones e 2 testemunhas (RB867515 e SP80-1842) em 25 blocos. Tais clones foram selecionados de 13 famílias de meios-irmãos e constituíram clones de primeira geração de propagação vegetativa. Para isso efetuou correlações entre características agronômicas e bioquímicas desejáveis, avaliando a relação causa e efeito sobre o fibras e lignina dos colmos. Também estimou-se a possibilidade de definir os caracteres que deverem ser empregados para conduzir um programa de seleção recorrente em cana-de-açúcar visando à produção de álcool celulósico. Dos clones foram selecionas os 10 que apresentaram maior teor de lignina e os 10 que apresentaram menor teor de lignina no bagaço de cana. Os 20 clones foram avaliados quanta a possibilidade de se obter um maior teor de glicose após o processo de hidrólise enzimática para produção de álcool celulósico. Foi possível observar que quanto maior o teor de lignina no bagaço menor o teor de glicose produzida ao final do processo de hidrólise. Também foi observado que o caráter hemicelulose teve maior correlação com a sacarificação. A hemicelulose funciona como um fator positivo na produção de açúcares fermentáveis para a fermentação, pois abre a estrutura da celulose permitindo acesso enzimático e pela sua quebra fornece moléculas de glicose para a fermentação. Portanto os clones selecionados apresentam potencial para aplicação no melhoramento genético da cana de-açúcar, mesmo que ainda sejam necessários estudos complementares fenotípicos e de análise expressão gênica, quantificação enzimática e síntese de metabólicos, correlacionando-os com a síntese de lignina.
Cano, Delgado Ana Isabel. "Genetic and molecular analysis of xylem development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365009.
Повний текст джерелаBoussetat, Mbaye Sana. "Analyse et critique des méthodes d'une encyclopédie en ligne : Wikipédia." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0798.
Повний текст джерелаBased on participant observation and collection of data gathered by other observation techniques (statistics, direct observation), we explored in depth the operation of an encyclopedia: the free and open online encyclopedia Wikipedia. The participant observation consists in actively contributing to the open source project, in getting involved in its operation, even to the point of trying to act on some organizational aspects (decision-making, publication of articles), all this in order to analyze the methods used. However, let’s immediately rectify, this is not only an open source project in the strict sense of the term, but a very particular concept of which extent, public, practices, legal nature, make so that it is located at the crossroads of various backgrounds: scientific world, free culture, students, forums’ public and Web 2.0.On the theoretical level, this observation presents several interests. It first allows to show that Wikipedia is not limited to an immaterial computer activity. Wikipedia now penetrates all cultural, scientific and even legal activities.Through this study, we can also learn on the dynamic, the functioning and the credit to grant to such an undertaking. The immersion in the project has indeed helped us to better understand the logics and dynamics of Wikipedia. This study can also serve as reference or comparative element in the observation and analysis of similar projects or in paper form of which construction methods are different (Encyclopædia Universalis, Larousse online encyclopedia, Encarta ...). And finally, in step with the digital age, it offers the prospect of new regulatory pathways and trails to exploit these new cognitive tools
Fukushima, Romualdo S. "Modification of a colorimetric analysis for lignin and its use in studying the inhibitory effect of lignin on forage digestion by rumen microorganisms /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487673114114632.
Повний текст джерелаKleinhans, Henrik. "Evaluation of the Carbonization of Thermo-Stabilized Lignin Fibers into Carbon Fibers." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120519.
Повний текст джерелаBeramendi, Orosco Laura E. "Catalytic hydropyrolysis of wood to prepare lignin-enriched residues for stable carbon isotope analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404040.
Повний текст джерелаTokunaga, Yuki. "Interaction analysis between lignin and carbohydrate-binding module of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263699.
Повний текст джерелаÖman, Tommy. "Multivariate Analysis of 2D-NMR Spectroscopy : Applications in wood science and metabolomics." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-80201.
Повний текст джерелаKhariji, Asmaa. "Analyses empiriques des comportements des ménages en ligne : le cas des achats de livres et de cd en ligne." Paris 13, 2008. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2008_khariji.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation adds to the online household behaviour on switching effect and price premium on the Internet. In particular the analysis looks at the context where households make purchase decisions for books and CD online on different retailers Web site. The approach here combines theory and data to examine how such purchase decision and choices of retailers Web site vary with different factors affecting the online business environment. Part one addresses a theoretical aspect of price dispersion, search costs, and transaction costs on the Internet and in conventional markets. In Part two, I explore two interrelated empirical research questions by using clickstream data in the online retail industry: what retains consumers to a retailer Web site? And, for any particular book/CD and based on household characteristics what make households pay for a price premium? How much is price sensitivity to any particular book/CD? Our results point to a low incidence of switching among retailers with an evidence of consumer loyalty. I also argue that some factors might affect the choice of retailer and the willingness to pay for a price premium. Each retailer can offer a homogeneous product in a sense that the same product is also available at another retailer site. I propose a random utility/discrete choice framework (McFadden 1974) and develop hypotheses about the effect purchasing economies of scope on price premium for homogeneous books/CD, as purchase appears to be driven by economies of scope in shipping costs across a diverse basket of goods. I develop hypotheses about the effect of economies of scope, household characteristics and past behaviour, and bundle characteristics (e. G. , shipping and discount) on the price premium for homogeneous products. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, I apply a discrete choice modeling framework (McFadden 1974) to study different low-cost items and not only one industry. Second, there is no empirical analysis on extending the analysis to the full basket of goods that consumers purchase. Our analysis aims to contribute to the previous empirical literature findings where amazon. Com has a price advantage over generic and brand retailers, i. E. Amazon. Com closest rivals. (i. E. , Brynjolfsson and Smith, 2001). The extant literature has sought to focus on product categories in understanding purchase loyalty rather than focusing on consumers as the unit of analysis. In directing attention at product categories we obtain only a partial picture of how consumers make purchase decisions across product categories. By ignoring the full basket of goods that consumers purchase we run the risk of erroneously inferring the absence of loyalty when consumers may be using systematic rules in making purchase decisions across the basket
Schüngel, Michael. "Weiterentwicklung der Kohle-Online-Analytik mittels radiometrischer Messmethoden im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-227137.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Wei. "Biopolymer Structure Analysis and Saccharification of Glycerol Thermal Processed Biomass." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71830.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Khemiri, Rym. "Vers l'OLAP collaboratif pour la recommandation des analyses en ligne personnalisées." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22015/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to provide a collaborative approach to the OLAP involving several users, led by an integrated personalization process in decision-making systems in order to help the end user in their analysis process. Whether personalizing the warehouse model, recommending decision queries or recommending navigation paths within the data cubes, the user need an efficient decision-making system that assist him. We were interested in three issues falling within data warehouse and OLAP personalization offering three major contributions. Our contributions are based on a combination of datamining techniques with data warehouses and OLAP technology. Our first contribution is an approach about personalizing dimension hierarchies to obtain new analytical axes semantically richer for the user that can help him to realize new analyzes not provided by the original data warehouse model. Indeed, we relax the constraint of the fixed model of the data warehouse which allows the user to create new relevant analysis axes taking into account both his/her constraints and his/her requirements. Our approach is based on an unsupervised learning method, the constrained k-means. Our goal is then to recommend these new hierarchy levels to other users of the same user community, in the spirit of a collaborative system in which each individual brings his contribution. The second contribution is an interactive approach to help the user to formulate new decision queries to build relevant OLAP cubes based on its past decision queries, allowing it to anticipate its future analysis needs. This approach is based on the extraction of frequent itemsets from a query load associated with one or a set of users belonging to the same actors in a community organization. Our intuition is that the relevance of a decision query is strongly correlated to the usage frequency of the corresponding attributes within a given workload of a user (or group of users). Indeed, our approach of decision queries formulation is a collaborative approach because it allows the user to formulate relevant queries, step by step, from the most commonly used attributes by all actors of the user community. Our third contribution is a navigation paths recommendation approach within OLAP cubes. Users are often left to themselves and are not guided in their navigation process. To overcome this problem, we develop a user-centered approach that suggests the user navigation guidance. Indeed, we guide the user to go to the most interesting facts in OLAP cubes telling him the most relevant navigation paths for him. This approach is based on Markov chains that predict the next analysis query from the only current query. This work is part of a collaborative approach because transition probabilities from one query to another in the cuboids lattice (OLAP cube) is calculated by taking into account all analysis queries of all users belonging to the same community. To validate our proposals, we present a support system user-centered decision which comes in two subsystems: (1) content personalization and (2) recommendation of decision queries and navigation paths. We also conducted experiments that showed the effectiveness of our analysis online user centered approaches using quality measures such as recall and precision
Dandoush, Abdulhalim. "Analysis and optimization of peer-to-peer storage-bacup systems." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4003.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis characterizes the performance of peer-to-peer storage systems in terms of the delivered data lifetime and data availability. Two schemes for recovering lost data are modeled and analyzed: the first is centralized and relies on a server that recovers multiple losses at once, whereas the second is distributed and recovers one loss at a time. For each scheme, we propose several Markovian models that equally apply to many distributed environments as shown through numerical computations. These allow to assess the impact of each system parameter on the performance. In particular, we provide guidelines on how to tune the system parameters in order to provide desired lifetime and/or availability of data. The key assumptions made in the models are validated through intensive packet-level simulations or real traces collected from different distributed environments. In fact, we propose a realistic simulation model implemented on the Network Simulator (NS-2) for both download and recovery processes. Although this simulator can accurately predict the behaviour of the latter processes while considering the impact of several constraints such as the heterogeneity of peers and the the underlying network topologies, this simulator requires however relatively long time. To overcome this scalability limitation, we propose and analyze an algorithm. The algorithm is efficient in time and quite simple and uses the concept of ``Progressive-Filling'' (or max-min fairness). The validation of this algorithm consists in characterizing the distribution of the response time of parallel downloads in a distributed storage system, through simulations
Dier, Tobias Karl-Fridolin [Verfasser], and Dietrich A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Volmer. "Analysis and characterization of electrochemically decomposed lignin / Tobias Karl-Fridolin Dier ; Betreuer: Dietrich A. Volmer." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138978884/34.
Повний текст джерелаAbbas, Husam. "Comparative analysis of different pyrolysis techniques by using kraft lignin : Jämförelse mellan olika pyrolys metoder." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78871.
Повний текст джерелаBar, Romain. "Développement de méthodes d'analyse de données en ligne." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943148.
Повний текст джерелаWU, HONGLI. "Characterization of Pleurotus ostreatus mutants defective in lignin degradation using reverse genetic and comparative transcriptomic analyses." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259750.
Повний текст джерела0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第22854号
農博第2437号
新制||農||1082(附属図書館)
学位論文||R2||N5314(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 本田 与一, 教授 田中 千尋, 准教授 坂本 正弘
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Ohayon, Karen. "Amélioration de l'ordonnancement d'une ligne de production par la méthode Analytic Hierarchy Process." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30022.
Повний текст джерелаThe industrial world is continually faced with problems of choices. Multitude of criterion must be taken into account in resolving them. Faced with these situations, the decision making tools give solutions. We will use the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the production field and especially in the scheduling of a cardio vascular prosthesis production line. The initial parameterization of this method involves the evaluation of an expert. Although he has the required knowledge to make a fitting setup, he is no less human and he will bring even unintentionally a subjective part in his decision. The resulting scheduling will therefore not necessarily be optimal. The reduction of the subjectivity can be done using a metaheuristic method, of genetic algorithm type, to improve this parameterization by exploring neighbouring solutions compared to those proposed by the expert
Bassagou, Dikagma. "EXOLINE : Dispositif instrumenté pour analyser les interactions en apprentissage collaboratif en ligne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I074.
Повний текст джерелаThis study concerns a mechanism that could make it possible to analyse students' motivation and autonomy in the absence of human regulation in distance education. Indeed, in the literature, motivation and autonomy have an implication in the drop-out of learners in e-learning situations. To analyze these factors, some researchers use questionnaires on an ad hoc basis and others use digital traces produced by TEL (Technology Enhanced Learning). In most of these studies, the intervention of a tutor to regulate learning activity is important. The objective of this research is to identify students who can follow a teacher from a distance with the best chances of success. To do this, we have designed a system that combines the use of questionnaires and digital learning traces. This system contains a platform called "Exoline" that supports a pedagogical scenario that alternates individual work and collaborative activities in seven steps. Collaborative activities are regulated by a voting system (I like/dislike) of the platform and individual work corresponds to phases of editorial contribution by each learner member of a group. To collect data on collaboration and learning dynamics, we conducted an experiment with 794 students from Kara University with a participation rate of 40.55%. We then applied different statistical methods to the data (questionnaires and traces) from the experiment to identify and study the relationships between learning, motivation and autonomy. Our study highlighted, beyond the initial motivation, the role of the dynamics of maintaining motivation throughout the learning process. The level of progression (number of steps performed) by the learner in our Exoline device has proven to be an interesting indicator of learning performance. In other words, the study shows that most students who drop out do so at the beginning of the course. On a more contextual level, our study also shows how the socioeconomic environment influences the educational path of students, particularly in Togo
Trichard, Florian. "Étude de la spectrométrie de plasma induit par laser pour l’analyse en ligne de liquides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10311/document.
Повний текст джерелаProcess control is a major challenge for chemical and petrochemical industries so as to ensure product quality, cost control, sustainable productivity and risk management. To do so, carrying out the analysis directly at the core of the process is the most efficient way. However, for most applications, elemental analyzes are mainly performed in the laboratory and rarely on-line, which requires the implementation of different technologies, usually complex and expensive. This work is part of a large innovative project that covers the field of on-line elemental analysis, a research area still understudied to this day. The analytical technique selected here is the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Indeed, its speed and its capability to analyze all states of matter without sample preparation, gives it a great potential for on-line analysis. This technique is investigated in order to achieve on-line analysis of elements contained in various liquid matrices: brines, silicone oils and petroleum products. The optimization of different measurement parameters is performed, including an experimental design based approach. Different liquid sampling configurations and several LIBS setups are designed in order to tackle the issues encountered. Finally, a transposition to the industrial world is presented through on-line monitoring of sulfur in petroleum products on an industrial pilot process. The results are promising, but improving the stability of measurements over time still requires further research
Silva, Ariadiny Monteiro da 1984. "Caracterização espectral das folhas úmidas e secas, da cana-se-açúcar, com ênfase nos componentes lignina, celulose e hemicelulose." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256824.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: A palha é um dos principais subprodutos gerado no final do ciclo vegetativo da cana-deaçúcar. Ela tem um significado importante no contexto brasileiro dado que a partir dela podese gerar álcool e energia limpa, beneficiando o meio ambiente e a matriz energética. Assim é imprescindível aprofundar os estudos em torno da palha da cana e estimar a quantidade de resíduos produzidos ao final da colheita com o intuito de otimizar o processo de reaproveitamento desta. A lignina, celulose e hemicelulose, presentes na palha em grandes quantidades, são responsáveis pela estrutura fibrosa da cana-de-açúcar e é a partir deles que são dimensionados os processos de geração de energia (álcool e eletricidade). Neste contexto este trabalho teve o objetivo de utilizar o sensoriamento remoto para identificar estes componentes na cana-de-açúcar para subsidiar futuros levantamentos de estimativa de palha para fins energéticos e ambientais. Foram caracterizadas espectralmente 384 amostras de folhas de cana-de-açúcar, nas condições úmidas e secas, utilizando o espectroradiômetro FieldSpec Pro* com o intuito de identificar possíveis feições de absorções associadas aos componentes lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Verificou-se que houve melhor discriminação das feições de absorção nas folhas secas, sendo que estas apresentaram valores de CAI e LCA superiores às folhas úmidas, pois 100% das amostras secas apresentaram valores de CAI positivos. O CAI foi o melhor estimador dos componentes se comparado ao LCA. As correlações entre CAI, LCA e NDVI permitiram a segregação/distinção entre as folhas nas condições úmidas e secas. E o CAI das palhas foi significativamente maior que o CAI do restante das folhas. Os resultados mostraram que nas feições visíveis próximo a 1730, 1780, 2100, 2270 e 2330 nm foram encontradas feições ligadas à lignina, hemicelulose e celulose e este estudo estudo permite concluir que as ferramentas do sensoriamento remoto podem ajudar como indicador de teores de lignina e celulose utilizando-se de índices de vegetação apropriados a estas finalidades, neste caso LCA e CAI, à luz dos novos programas espaciais de sensoriamento remoto hiperespectrais
Abstract: The straw is one of the main by-products generated at the end of the sugarcane vegetative cycle. It is significantly important in the Brazilian context, as alcohol and clean energy can be generated, thus benefiting the environment and the energy matrix. It is therefore essential to deepen the studies on the sugarcane straw and to estimate the amount of waste produced at the end of the harvest, in order to optimize its reuse process. Lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, present in the straw in large quantities, are responsible for the sugarcane fibrous structure; they enable to dimension the processes of energy generation (alcohol and electricity). The paper aimed to use remote sensing to identify these components in sugarcane in order to give support to future surveys on the use of straw for energy and environmental purposes. 384 samples of sugarcane leaf were characterized spectrally, in both wet and dry conditions, with the use of FieldSpec Pro* spectroradiometer, so as to identify possible absorption features associated with lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. There was better discrimination of the absorption features in the dried leaves, which showed higher values of LCA and CAI than the wet leaves, as 100% of the dried samples showed positive values of CAI. CAI was the best estimator of the components when compared to LCA. The correlations between CAI, LCA and NDVI allowed the segregation / distinction between the leaves in wet and dry conditions. The CAI of the straw was significantly higher than the CAI of the other leaves. The results showed that the visible features near 1730, 1780, 2100, 2270 and 2330 nm were found features linked to lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose and this study shows that remote sensing tools can help as an indicator of lignin and cellulose using vegetation index appropriate for these purposes, in which case LCA and CAI, the light of new space programs of hyperspectral remote sensing
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola
Moulinet, Sébastien. "Rugosité et dynamique d'une ligne de contact sur un substrat désordonné." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003202.
Повний текст джерелаRaya, Katia. "Réseaux sociaux et communautés en ligne dans le paysage universitaire libanais (2018-20)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL107.
Повний текст джерелаTo face the challenges and strong competition of today, higher education has turned to the strategy of communication on social networks in order to retain their audience, improve their reputation and strengthen relations with the community through higher levels of engagement. The aim of this thesis is to understand this engagement of the university community on social networks. The research is initially interested in the study of key concepts related to its objective, namely, engagement, community and social media. Quantitative and qualitative empirical studies will be implemented using questionnaire and data mining methods. Statistical results, content analysis and community detection helped to understand the role of content strategy and the impact of community profile on engagement levels on posts created by major higher education institutions in Lebanon
Maurinot, Franck. "Étude du lignage des cellules progénitrices rétiniennes chez le poulet : origine des classes et types neuronaux." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS275.
Повний текст джерелаThe mechanisms regulating the generation of the different types of neurons of the vertebrate nervous system during development are still poorly understood. In this thesis, the composition and organization of clones of neurons generated by retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in chicken embryos were characterized with the Brainbow strategy. This technique enables to permanently label RPCs with distinct colour combinations in order to individually track their lineage. New approaches were developed to: 1) trigger Brainbow labels at different stages of development or in genetically identified RPCs; 2) characterize in 3D the organization of retinal clones and identify the neuronal types that they comprise. My results provide evidence for a previously uncharacterized phase of tangential dispersion of RPCs in the retinal neuroepithelium before neurogenesis, leading to uniform intercalation of retinal clones. The composition of these clones was analyzed to understand whether early RPCs could be biased to generate certain neural types and, through intercalation, contribute to their regular distribution in the retina. This study sheds light on the potentialities of a population of neural progenitors and on the possible links between the early development and mature cellular organization of a tissue through new approaches applicable to diverse problematics
Huang, Fan. "APPLICATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION ACCURATE MASS (HRAM) MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ANALYSIS OF LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS AND THE POST-PRETREATMENT PRODUCTS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/74.
Повний текст джерелаImbert, Éric. "Etude et réalisation de coupleurs hyperfréquence en technologie ligne à ailettes." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0007.
Повний текст джерелаPascoa, Dos Santos Magaia. "Pyrolysis and thermogravimetric analysis of wood and its components." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158618.
Повний текст джерелаGuo, Qi. "Identification et commande en ligne des robots avec utilisation de différentiateurs algébriques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis discusses the identification issues of the robot dynamic parameters. Starting with the well-known inverse dynamic identification model, power and energy identification models for robots, it extends the identification model from an energy point of view, by integrating modulating functions with robot power model. This new identification model avoids the computation of acceleration data. As well, the integration procedures are analyzed in frequency domain so that certain groups of modulating functions are selected in order to offer a good low-pass filtering property. Then, a recently developed high order algebraic differentiator is proposed and studied, named Jacobi differentiators. The analyses are done in both the time domain and in the frequency domain, which gives a clear clue about the differentiator filtering property and about how to select the differentiator parameters. Comparisons among different identification models, differentiators, least square techniques are presented and conclusions are drawn in the robot identification issues
Liu, Ming. "Design and Evaluation of Algorithms for Online Machine Scheduling Problems." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453316.
Повний текст джерелаSergent, Véronique. "Le rat LEW, un modèle d'étude de la résistance à l'infection toxoplasmique : analyses génétiques et immunologiques." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT23.
Повний текст джерелаRenau-Ferrer, Ney. "Outils et méthodes pour l'analyse automatique multi-niveaux de tracés manuscrits à caractère géométrique acquis en ligne." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0394/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis handles the problem of the automatic analysis of online hand drawn geometric sketches. An online sketch can be analysed according to several points of view. As for offline sketching, we can try to recognize the produced shape. However, online sketching allows other levels of analysis. For example the analysis of the behavior of the drawer during the production of the sketch. In this thesis, we have tried to develop tools allowing a multi level analysis, including both shape and behavior analysis. The first part of our work deals with the pre treatments that must be performed on the sketch in order to allow upper level analysis. Those pre treatments are filtering, mixed segmentation and feature points detection and labelisation. In the second part, we approach shape analysis in two aspects: shape recognition and evaluation. We have developed a appearance based method which use local descriptors to allows both recognition and evaluation of the quality of a produced shape compared to the model . in the last part we propose a method for drawer's behavior extraction and modeling. Then we show how we can not only determine the favorite procedure of a drawer but also recognize the drawer by analyzing his behavior