Статті в журналах: "Lighting characteristics"

1

Van Kemenade, Ir Johan, and Jan Reker. "Beam Characteristics for Accent Lighting." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 17, no. 2 (July 1988): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1988.10748732.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Zeng, Xiang Zhi, Chao Fang Xu, and Gang Liu. "Study on the Application of Regional Risk Assessment of Lightning in Electrical Equipment Insulation." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1092.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

With the rapid development of urbanization and the power system, the damages for the power system and electrical equipments which due to lighting strike are increasing. As the distributions of lighting activity are regional and random, the requirements for electrical and electronic equipment, voltage and insulation level are varied from lighting activity in different regions. This paper adopts the Lightning Location Data on the Pearl River Delta in the last 10 years, and uses the method of probability statistics to analyze the regional ground flash density, the probability of lightning strike accident, the damages of the lightning strikes accidents and other risk factors. It takes the topography, regional features, population density and other factors into account, and uses the weighted scores to establish the risk assessment model for the lightning strikes, programs to achieve the automatic calculation in allusion to the risk of lightning strikes in different types of buildings and insulation levels of the electrical and electronic equipment, and assess the risk of lightning strikes on the electrical and electronic equipment. And based on the risk assessment result, it incorporates the installation location, characteristics, importance and other factors to study the electronic equipment withstand voltage and insulation level.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Jamil Shaari, Noor Atiqah Azali, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "A Review of Lightning Protection System - Risk Assessment and Application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp221-229.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

<p> A lightning strike could bring thousands mega-ampere of current in a blink of eyes. As a result, a failure of grounding the strike may cause serious damage to the home and industrial appliances and gadgets. Hence, a lightning protection system is essential to the current transmission system. Lighting is a natural phenomenon that is unavoidable. Hence, the study of the properties and characteristics of lightning is a must in designing lighting protection system. Every application has different criteria to be fulfilled. The type of lighting protection system is categorized based on the location and user. The different of location is a public area, transportation system, power system transmission and generation system which include renewable energy source. Each area can conclude different level of protection. This paper is assessing the possibility and probability of transient impact on all applications including, public area, power system line, and generating system. The review includes countermeasure which addressed few steps to determine the effect of lightning and countermeasure of protection.</p>

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Chen, Han. "Lighting design method of museum exhibition hall based on Internet of Things and deep learning." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 22, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-215717.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In order to improve the lighting effect of the museum exhibition hall, clearly express the exhibition content of the museum exhibition hall, a lighting design method of museum exhibition hall based on Internet of Things and deep learning is proposed. According to the characteristics and functions of light sources and lamps, select appropriate light sources and lamps, and establish a convolutional neural network to evaluate the performance of lighting characteristic network model through computing accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. Because the illumination of museum exhibition hall cannot be too high, the light projection method is designed to realize the lighting design of museum exhibition hall from two aspects: lighting mode and lighting characteristics, environmental lighting and light source form. The experimental results show that the lighting design method of the museum exhibition hall based on the Internet of Things and deep learning can achieve more than 70%, which has a good lighting effect and can clearly express the display content of the museum exhibition hall.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Shelford, Timothy J., and Arend-Jan Both. "On the Technical Performance Characteristics of Horticultural Lamps." AgriEngineering 3, no. 4 (September 28, 2021): 716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3040046.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Recent advances in light emitting diode (LED) technology have provided exciting opportunities for plant lighting applications, and it is expected that LED lighting will soon overtake the still common use of high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting technology. Because LED lighting offers novel capabilities, extensive research is needed to identify optimal lighting practices for the large number of crops grown by commercial greenhouse growers. Plant scientists and growers facing decisions about plant lighting systems do not always have sufficient information about lamp performance characteristics. In this paper, we reported on various technical performance characteristics for 18 lamp types commonly used for plant production, and compared these characteristics with the characteristics of sunlight. The results showed a substantial range of performance characteristics, highlighting the importance of a careful assessment before selecting a light source for horticultural applications. The data presented in this paper can be used to assess the suitability of a specific light source for a particular horticultural application.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Kwon, Sook-Youn, Kyoung-Mi Im, and Jae-Hyun Lim. "LED Context Lighting System in Residential Areas." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/851930.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

As issues of environment and energy draw keen interest around the globe due to such problems as global warming and the energy crisis, LED with high optical efficiency is brought to the fore as the next generation lighting. In addition, as the national income level gets higher and life expectancy is extended, interest in the enhancement of life quality is increasing. Accordingly, the trend of lightings is changing from mere adjustment of light intensity to system lighting in order to enhance the quality of one’s life as well as reduce energy consumption. Thus, this study aims to design LED context lighting system that automatically recognizes the location and acts of a user in residential areas and creates an appropriate lighting environment. The proposed system designed in this study includes three types of processing: first, the creation of a lighting environment index suitable for the user’s surroundings and lighting control scenarios and second, it measures and analyzes the optical characteristics that change depending on the dimming control of lighting and applies them to the index. Lastly, it adopts PIR, piezoelectric, and power sensor to grasp the location and acts of the user and create a lighting environment suitable for the current context.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

LIU, Jingyi, and Zongyi YIN. "The Experience of China’s LED Lighting Industry’s Development." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-122.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

As a big country with the production and sale of lighting products in the world, LED lighting products are widely used in China, and the LED lighting industry is playing an important role in the whole national economy. To analyze the characteristics and experience of the development of China’s LED lighting industry, the development history of China’s LED lighting industry was reviewed, the characteristics of the development of China’s LED lighting industry were summarized, and the development prospect of China’s LED lighting industry was forecasted. Results show that the development of LED lighting industry in China is divided into three stages, which show the characteristics of industrial policy support, core technology leap breakthrough and industrial agglomeration effect. The conclusion has guidance and reference for the development of LED lighting industry in developing countries.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Tkachuk, A. E., O. A. Sotnikova, and A. N. Goykalov. "THE METHOD FOR EVALUATION THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING OF BUILDINGS." Engineering and Construction Bulletin of the Caspian Region 112 (2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52684/2312-3702-2021-36-2-47-53.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The variety of modern technologies and the versatility of lighting solutions in architectural structures necessitate a method for evaluating such solutions. In this article, a method for assessing the characteristics of architectural lighting of buildings is graphically demonstrated, based on the example of architectural lighting of a public building in the city of Voronezh. The proposed method involves the identification of qualitative indicators of the expressiveness of architectural lighting of facades and their quantitative assessment using an integrated approach from the standpoint of the selected characteristics and criteria. Thanks to this method, the strengths and weaknesses of the studied architectural lighting of the building are clearly identified for its subsequent modernization or the creation of promising conclusions for the design of new construction objects.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Kim, Kyeong-Mi, Young-Won Kim, Seung-Taek Oh, and Jae-Hyun Lim. "Development of a natural light reproduction system for maintaining the circadian rhythm." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19855421.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Circadian rhythm is linked to sleep, arousal and human health overall, affecting body temperature and heart rate. A 24-h natural-light cycle provides optimum lighting environment for humans. However, as people increasingly stay indoors with artificial lighting, lacking periodic characteristics, imbalance in the circadian rhythm ensues. Previous lighting-related studies to resolve such problem partially provided the colour temperatures of natural light but failed to reproduce the 24-h periodic characteristics of it. This study proposes a natural light-reproducing system that provides the daylight cycle characteristics of natural light in order to maintain the circadian rhythm. Natural light was measured through an optical measurement equipment, while the characteristics (colour temperature and short-wavelength ratio) of natural light by season and time were analysed. Subsequently, the control indicator of seasonal and hourly lighting was extracted and applied to the light-emitting diode lighting to provide lighting service, executing a daylight cycle that reflects the characteristics of natural light. After the sunset, especially, the circadian rhythm was maintained by minimizing the short-wavelength ratio of the lighting while maintaining indoor illumination.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Xu, Jing Feng, De Xin Zong, and Yi Hua Yin. "Applications of Light Guide Lighting Technology in Tunnel Lighting." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.521.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

As a new lighting technology, light guide lighting technology has been paid more attention and applied in the indoor lighting widely. However, it is rarely applied to tunnel lighting recently. This paper analyzes the characteristics of light guide lighting system and tunnel lighting, and discusses the feasibility of application of light guide lighting technology in tunnel lighting. Finally, it proposes some light guide lighting technologies suitable for tunnel lighting, and provides the ideas and references to application and promotion of light guide lighting technology in tunnel lighting in the future.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Nestyorkina, Nina P., Yulia A. Zhuravlyova, Olga Yu Kovalenko, and Svetlana A. Mikaeva. "Comparative Analysis Of The Characteristics Of Led Filament Lamps For Household Lighting." Volume 28, Number 6, 2020, no. 03-2020 (December 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-023.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper examines the characteristics of LED filament lamps from various manufacturers: LLC “ Lisma “(Russia), an American company with production in China “ GENERAL LIGHTING CO.LTD”, a joint Chinese-Russian company “ Uniel “and Taiwan company” Smartbuy “ in the A60 bulb – the time of stabilization of characteristics, luminous flux, colour temperature, colour rendering index, flicker index, radiation spectrum during 6000 hours of burning. The research was carried out on the Gooch&Housego measuring system. The results of experimental studies that showed that the clear leader in the test results is the lamp SDF‑8 (LISMA), according to GOST of all tested samples of led filament lamps, it can be recommended for lighting in lighting devices for household lighting.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Kovalenko, Olga Yu, Yulia A. Dashkina, Yulia A. Zhuravleva, and Svetlana A. Mikaeva. "Analysis of Tungsten Halogen Lamps Characteristics." Light & Engineering, no. 05-2021 (October 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-083.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The authors briefly review distinctions of tungsten halogen lamps (THL) and analyse the results of their own measurements of characteristics of three types of THL manufactured by Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA. Rated power, luminous flux, and correlated colour temperature of lamps were measured. Relative measurement errors with consideration of possible technological errors for these products do not exceed 0.84 % for values of rated power and 0.29 % for values of correlated colour temperature in batches of 13 pcs. The analysis conducted shows that the technical level of development and production technology of Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA provides high quality of THL.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Gulbinas, A., and D. Shirokova. "RESEARCH OF THE FUNCTIONING SYSTEM OF THE LIGHTING MODE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-12-43-53.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article presents the results of a study carried out within the framework of a systematic approach using the "Wu Xing pentagram" symbolic method. The object of the research is the category of "lighting mode". The indicated category as a certain system are used. A diagram showing the life cycle of the "lighting mode" category is proposed. Five main components of the system have been identified based on the sequence of the formation of needs in the creation of a lighting regime in the room: investment, quantitative characteristics, quality characteristics, energy characteristics, maintenance and operating features. The characteristics of lighting installations and space-planning solutions in the main premises of preschool educational organizations are analyzed. The priority components for these premises are energy characteristics. Compliance with quantitative indicators depends on the efficiency of maintenance. The needs of aesthetic and emotional satisfaction are secondary, significant costs are not provided. Thus, it can be judged that in the premises presented, the development of the category of "lighting mode" follows the path of pathological restrictions As a result, a conclusion is made about the mechanism of functioning of the "lighting mode" category in accordance with the relations arising between its elements, namely, the relations of support or restriction. The research results can be used in the future when examining the quality of the light environment and monitoring the lighting conditions in the premises.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Papinutto, M., M. Colombo, M. Golsouzidou, K. Reutter, D. Lalanne, and J. Nembrini. "Towards the integration of personal task-lighting in an optimised balance between electric lighting and daylighting: A user-centred study of emotion, visual comfort, interaction and form-factor of task lights." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012115.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Task-lighting is a well-known strategy to save energy by bringing light where it is most needed, providing adaptable localised light conditions of special interest in the current home-office context. Despite these benefits and in addition to negatively impacting biological rhythms, the generalization of backlit screens has made task lights less demanded, with screen users tending to accept significantly lower amounts of the illuminance standards. In parallel, the advantages of task-lighting may contradict the energy benefits of presence-driven lighting or blinds automation. This pilot experiment aims at evaluating the task light usage patterns and characteristic preferences for both paper and computer work from a user-centered perspective to provide guidelines in terms of luminaires characteristics. Thirteen participants evaluated three different task lights in both paper and computer conditions. Our results emphasize the role of the luminaire’s form factor, interface and lighting control characteristics, providing general recommendations on luminaire design.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Namanee, C., and N. Tuaycharoen. "Task lighting for Thai older adults: Study of visual performance of lighting effect characteristics." Gerontechnology 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4017/gt.2019.18.4.003.00.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Yildiz, H., N. Gunes, S. Sule Gezen, R. Ozcan, M. Petek, B. Yilmaz, and I. Arican. "Effects of ascorbic acid and lighting schedule on tibiotarsus strength and bone characteristics in broilers." Archives Animal Breeding 52, no. 4 (October 10, 2009): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-52-432-2009.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract. This study was conducted to determine the effects of two lighting programs (continuous program; 24 h lighting or intermittent; 12 h daylight followed by three cycles of 1 h lighting and 3 h dark program during the night period) and three different ascorbic acid (AA) supplementations (0, 200 and 400 mg/l, added to water) on some serum parameters, ash content and mechanical properties of tibiotarsus. For this purpose one-day-old male commercial (Ross PM3) broiler chicks (n=600) were divided into 6 treatment groups (2×3) with random replicates (4 replicates per treatment). At the end of 6 weeks, intermittent lighting program negatively influenced serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium (Ca) levels (P<0.001) while continuous lighting program had positive influence on bone ash, Ca and phosphorus (P) content (P<0.001). The AA addition decreased serum inorganic phosphorus (Pi) level and positively affected bone chemical characteristics (P<0.001). On the mid-section of the bone, although intermittent lighting had positive effect on bone mechanical parameters (P<0.001), no remarkable effect was observed by AA supplementation. The results of the present study suggest that interaction of intermittent lighting and AA supplementation (200 mg/ l) may have positive effect on chemical composition and mechanical characteristics of bone in broilers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Yoshikawa, Takahiro. "Characteristics of distribution on lighting fixtures for residence." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 74, no. 11 (1990): 713–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.74.11_713.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Johnnie. "DETERMINING ROAD LIGHTING IMPACT ON TRAFFIC STREAM CHARACTERISTICS." American Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2013.746.750.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Qian, Zeyuan, Xugao Cui, Zitong Wang, Gufan Zhou, Runze Lin, Erdan Gu, and Pengfei Tian. "Characteristics of underwater lighting based on white LEDs." Optik 245 (November 2021): 167638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167638.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Purwaningtyas, Dita makhsunah. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENERANGAN DI TEMPAT KERJA DAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJA DENGAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PENJAHIT BORDIR DI CV.X BANGIL-PASURUAN." Medical Technology and Public Health Journal 5, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mtphj.v5i1.873.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Improper lighting that is not according the standards may result in health problems, one of which is eyestrain, a visual disturbance. Eyestrain is one result of improper lighting that is not according to standards. In addition, the characteristics of workers also play a role in the occurrence of eyestrain. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the lighting in a workplace and the characteristics of workers with complaints of eyestrain in embroidery tailors at CV "X" Bangil, Pasuruan. This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research population was all embroidery tailors in CV "X" Bangil, Pasuruan, as many as 122 workers. The research sample was taken using the Simple Random Sampling method, and 55 workers were obtained. The data were collected by measuring the workplace lighting using a luxmeter measuring instrument. The research instrument used were observation sheets and questionnaires. The data analysis was done by using the Fisher's Exact Test. The results of lighting measurements indicate that the intensity of illumination both general and local is still below the Standard Value. The poor quality of lighting is indicated by most workers who experienced glare, shadow disturbances, and improper workplace decorations. The results of the statistical test show that the p value of all variables > α (0.05). There is a significant relationship between the lighting in a workplace and the characteristics of workers with eyestrain. CV "X" needs to schedule a maintenance and cleaning for lights, armatures, wall windows, floors and work desks. In addition, it is necessary to increase the intensity of lighting in the workplace. Keywords: lighting, worker characteristics, eyestrain

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Markina, O. M., and M. O. Tykhan. "Research of illuminating parameters halogen-filled and LED lamp for optoelectronic measuring system." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 94 (November 1, 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7804.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study and compare the light and technical characteristics of halogen and LED-lamps and to determine the effect of lighting quality on the accuracy of the measurement of the optoelectronic control system for the micrometer sizes of the prescription objects. Design/methodology/approach: The research approach is determined by the analysis and comparison of the lighting characteristics of lamps manufactured for mass production and the detection of the possibility of using these sources for optoelectronic measuring systems for the micrometric range. Lighting characteristics were investigated by the goniophotometric method and the method of the integration sphere. Findings: During the analysis of the results of experimental studies, a discrepancy in the lighting characteristics of the lamps was found compared to those indicated by the manufacturers. This difference in the indicators of the lighting characteristics was: for the light flux 2.92% halogen lamp (13.4% LED); correlated colour temperature by 0.7% halogen lamp (1.6% LED); for current – 7.34% halogen lamp (8.7% LED); for power – 7.31% halogen lamp (7.54% LED). The accuracy of measuring the size with a halogen lamp is 20 ± 0.96 μm, and with LED – 20 ± 0.23 μm. Research limitations/implications: The result of comparing the accuracy of the measurement for the optoelectronic measuring system of the geometric dimensions is the measure of absolute contrast with the use of LED lighting is four times better than halogen. Practical implications: Using the results of the study of the light characteristics of lamps described in the article, it is possible to improve any optoelectronic measuring system. Originality/value: The originality of the results of the article is the experimental data of the lighting characteristics studies of the lamps used in the optoelectronic measuring system.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Hardman, Blair, and Dave Sharp. "Lighting the way." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S274—S277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21226.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Historically, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd have utilised Mobile Diesel Lighting Towers (MDLTs), with ‘turtle friendly’ luminaires at the Gorgon natural gas project (located on Barrow Island, Western Australia), operated by Chevron Australia on behalf of a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%) and JERA (0.417%). MDLTs are a known, relatively safe and reliable light source that can be utilised in most locations, though they emit noise, odour, vibrations, waste hydrocarbons and CO2 as well as requiring regular refuelling and general engine maintenance. With recent and significant improvements in solar energy harvest, and battery storage efficiencies, Mobile Solar Lighting Towers (MSLTs) have technical and performance characteristics that are comparable, and in many instances superior, to MDLTs. In addition to these characteristics, Chevron Australia has successfully worked with its Australian supplier, conducting trials on site to introduce a range of additional design and performance improvements. These improvements include simple Human–Machine Interface (HMI) touch screen interface allowing remote automation through WiFi or 4G, real-time battery and performance monitoring, CCTV, geofencing and GPS tracking. The benefits of replacing just 25 owned MDLTs with solar includes the abatement of over 600 tonnes of CO2 and direct operational cost savings of almost A$50 000 per year (not including indirect cost savings or avoided carbon emissions costs). Further, net present value calculations demonstrate a financial benefit exceeding A$1 000 000 over 5 years when the solar towers are leased compared with maintaining existing or purchasing new diesel units. These MSLT units are delivering environmental benefits, direct and indirect financial savings, and reduced health, safety and environment risk, which have been welcomed by the on-site workforce.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Wang, Mengzhao, Hao Wei, and Byoung Ryong Jeong. "Lighting Direction Affects Leaf Morphology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Physiology of Head Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063157.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Plants are exposed to numerous biotic and abiotic stresses, and light is one of the most important factors that influences the plant morphology. This study was carried out to examine how the lighting direction affected the plant morphology by investigating the growth parameters, epidermal cell elongation, stomatal properties, and physiological changes. Seedlings of two head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars, Caesar Green and Polla, were subjected to a 12 h photoperiod with a 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by light emitting diodes (LEDs) from three directions: the top, side, and bottom, relative to the plants. Compared with the top and side lighting, the bottom lighting increased the leaf angle and canopy by stimulating the epidermal cell elongation in leaf midrib, reduced the leaf number and root biomass, and induced large stomata with a low density, which is associated with reduced stomatal conductance and carbohydrate contents. However, the proline content and quantum yield exhibited no significant differences with the different lighting directions in both cultivars, which implies that the plants were under normal physiological conditions. In a conclusion, the lighting direction had a profound effect on the morphological characteristics of lettuce, where the plants adapted to the changing lighting environments.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Hughes, N., B. Ryan, M. Hallewell, N. Coad, A. Grant, N. Parrott, S. Roberts, and K. Thompson. "Identifying new concepts for innovative lighting-based interventions to influence movement and behaviours in train stations." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 8 (March 13, 2020): 976–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520904405.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The disorderly and disrupted movement of passengers within train stations are key concerns in rail transport, especially where there are increasing numbers of passengers, coupled with often out-dated, adapted station spaces. With careful planning and design, different characteristics of lighting can be employed to address problems relating to the movement and behaviour of passengers in railway environments. This study aims to offer an approach to identify new concepts for lighting-based interventions to influence passenger movement behaviours within train stations. Behaviourally orientated lighting literature was reviewed, providing the knowledge base to inform a series of engagement activities with transport stakeholders and lighting technologists, to understand problematic behaviours and how these might be resolved through targeted lighting design. In combining findings from the literature with insights from rail and transport-related industry stakeholders and lighting specialists, a number of potential opportunities for novel applications of lighting have been identified. Six scenarios are developed that illustrate these opportunities for potential lighting-based interventions to influence train passenger movement and behaviour. These scenarios can be used to inform the direction of further research and consideration of how different lighting characteristics can affect rail passenger behaviours.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Yeo, Jung-Kyu, Jin-Sung Kim, and Young Moon Yu. "Study on the Design and Lighting Characteristics of 150W LED Flood Lighting with Flameproof Enclosure." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 31, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2017.31.11.001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Feldzensztajn, Mateusz, Paweł Wierzba, and Adam Mazikowski. "Examination of Spectral Properties of Medicinal Plant Leaves Grown in Different Lighting Conditions Based on Mint Cultivation." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124122.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cultivation in controlled environmental conditions can provide good quality medicinal herbs with consistent properties. A sensing system that can determine the contents of medicinal substances in plants using spectral characteristics of leaves would be a valuable tool. Viability of such sensing approach for mint had to be confirmed experimentally, as no data correlating contents of medicinal substances with spectral characteristics of leaves are available, to the best of authors’ knowledge. In the first stage, presented in this paper, the influence of lighting on mint (Mentha rotundifolia) grown on a small hydroponic plantation was studied. Spectral characteristics of leaves were recorded by a spectrophotometer and colorimetric analysis was used to investigate the relationship between these characteristics and the spectrum of lighting. Dry mass yield was measured to test its dependence on the lighting. Dependence of chromaticity of leaves on the spectrum of light used in the cultivation was confirmed. Averaged spectra of leaves are distinguishable using a spectrophotometer and—in most cases—by a human observer. A partial correlation is observed between dry mass yield and the spectrum of lighting. Obtained results justify further research into the correlation between lighting and the contents of biological substances in medicinal plants using spectral characteristics of leaves.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Nazarenko, L., H. Kononenko, Т. Mozharovska, and V. Chernets. "Mesopic Photometry and Street Lighting." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2019.67-72.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article reveals the question of achieving security for people on the streets at night with the help of artificial lighting. The author analyzed the factors affecting traffic safety and the possibility of creating the necessary visual conditions for this by means of street lighting. In addition, the article raised an important question regarding the characteristics of the roadway. It is noted that the modern pavement is not standardized on the lighting characteristics. Knowing the spectral characteristics of the applied light sources, these data could be applied in the development of new types of canvases that would allow achieving a new level of illumination in terms of both improving the quality and its efficiency and economy. Without this, it is impossible to talk about the maximum efficiency of the use of the luminous flux as a whole. For existing lighting systems, the brightness calculation is performed by measuring the illumination and reflectivity of the road surface. The obtained brightness values are entered into the mesopic photometric system in order to determine the parameters of the complete system, which provides equivalent visual perception of the illuminated objects and is intended to replace the existing installation. To determine the required lamp power when replacing existing luminaires, it is recommended to use a mesopic photometric system, which allows you to perform calculations taking into account the S/P ratios. In this regard, it is necessary to thoroughly review the computer programs used in the creation of the lighting project, as well as to ensure active participation in international cooperation in the formation of modern lighting standards.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Yang, Chao, and Shi Juan Fan. "Energy-Saving Performance Studies of Road Tunnel Luminaries." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.654.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Reasonable choice of light sources was the key to achieve energy-saving of tunnel lighting. Performance comparisons of light sources were completed, tunnel model was designed with lighting software-DIAlux based on characteristics and design demands of tunnel lighting. Simulation experiments for HPS (high pressure sodium) and LED (light-emitting diode) were made in the tunnel model, lighting effects of HPS and LED in each zone of the tunnel were analyzed, the results show that LED has higher lighting efficiency and can save more 40% power energy than HPS under the same lighting condition and the same road surface average-luminance, and LED has better road surface lighting effects and better color rendering than HPS.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Perumal, Sivachandran R., and Faizal Baharum. "Design and Simulation of a Circadian Lighting Control System Using Fuzzy Logic Controller for LED Lighting Technology." Journal of Daylighting 9, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2022.5.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper introduces a fuzzy logic-based circadian lighting control system using flexibility of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lighting technology to synchronise artificial lighting with circadian (natural) lighting Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) characteristics. Besides for vision acuity, the Non-Imaging Forming effects of lighting affect human circadian rhythms. Past works in spectrally tuning CCT or Spectral Power Distribution of lighting have used conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control system architecture, where the modelling process of system transfer functions was mathematically complex, especially for nonlinear systems. A methodology of regulating lighting CCT is employed in a 7×5 fuzzy logic rules matrix in a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) system, to closely replicate natural lighting CCT characteristics for indoor lighting. A reference lookup table was devised to store desired CCT values arbitrarily with respect to time mark in a day, which acts as an outdoor circadian stimulus and guides the FLC. The FLC compensates for the lack of CCT in lighting space. Simulation results show acceptable CCT output values conforming to circadian lighting parameters at a time in a day compared to the lookup table targets. Deviation from blackbody curve was within ±0.003 using CCT Duv checking. The system did not produce an overshoot (0.0%) with a steady state (zero error) reached after the fourth iteration. Also, rise time was calculated to be 1 iteration. This approach could be further enhanced to cater for additional custom needs in many built environments. Future works may consider connecting more sensors to capture real-time outdoor CCT values for practical regulation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

DONG, Peng. "Application of Intelligent Lighting Control System in Different Sports Events in Sports Venues." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-126.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper analyzes the application of intelligent lighting control system in different sports events in sports venues, which is based on the perspective of computer technology. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of different sports events lighting system in stadiums, proposes a lighting demand analysis algorithm based on grayscale modulation model, and designs a control algorithm based on neural network for intelligent lighting control system. Finally, the paper tests the designed algorithm and the results show that the intelligent lighting control system is effective. The application can play an important role in the optimization of lighting systems in different sports venues, with the value of further promotion in practice.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Yang, Ze Ming, Xiao Hua Zhang, and Chao Wang. "Solar LED Intelligent Lighting Systems Based on Internet of Things and New Energy Storage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3281.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Recently, solar LED lighting systems are widely used because of their energy-saving and environment friendly characteristics. But there are also some key problems in current solar LED lighting systems, such as follows: First, the lifetime of lead-acid battery is too short so that the whole system lose efficacy soon; Second, current solar LED lighting systems usually are isolated systems, so its controllability is worse. This paper propose a new solar LED intelligent lighting systems based on Internet of Things and Supercapacitor ,which can tackle these two problems better, so the solar LED intelligent lighting systems will advance applications of solar LED lighting systems.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Uchida, Akira, and Yoshihiko Ohtani. "Fundamental Study on Shadow Characteristics under Task Ambient Lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 82, no. 8 (1998): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.82.8_580.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Abe, Eiji, Yoji Watanabe, and Shuho Yamasaki. "The characteristics of neon discharge lamp by DC lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 81, Appendix (1997): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.81.appendix_49.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Pettersen, Rolf I., Sissel Torre, and Hans R. Gislerød. "Effects of intracanopy lighting on photosynthetic characteristics in cucumber." Scientia Horticulturae 125, no. 2 (June 2010): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2010.02.006.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

UCHIDA, Akira, and Yoshihiko OHTANI. "Fundamental Study of Shadow Characteristics under Task Ambient Lighting." Journal of Light & Visual Environment 24, no. 1 (2000): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jlve.24.1_50.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Jia, Zhiwei. "Comparison on Lamp Characteristics of Highway Tunnel Lighting System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 510 (July 14, 2020): 052095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/510/5/052095.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Huang, Chun-Kai, Jung-Hung Chien, and Ka-Chun Siu. "The reduced lighting environment impacts gait characteristics during walking." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 61 (September 2017): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2017.05.005.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Zuev, S. M., D. O. Varlamov, and V. V. Kuksa. "Analysis of the Characteristics of a Laser Lighting Device." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 64, no. 6 (November 2021): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441221060130.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Palchikova, Irina, Elena Karamchuk, Evgenii Smirnov, Eugeny Palchikov, and Mikhail Samoylenko. "Multi-functional semiconductor lighting." Proceedings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1727-2769-2020-3-62-74.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Features of the development of the multifunctional semiconductor illuminators are discussed. The design and characteristics of the experimental model of the “Photobox 3138” illuminator are described. The lighting variation does not exceed 2 % at the edges of the working field of 300*300 mm. The design includes a white LED illuminator with a color temperature of 5000 K (CIE D50) and a high color rendering index (CRI 97+) and a set of six independently switched monochrome led illuminators in the spectral range from 365 to 880 nm. Digital images of objects obtained in “Photobox 3138” are of use to colorimetric, spectrozonal, and multispectral analysis.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Wu, Xu Tao, Pei Ding, Fei Guo, Jian Feng Liang, Jun Hao Li, and Yan Ming Li. "A Self-Integrating Rogowski Coil for Lightning Current Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1230.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lightning current is very important parameter for evaluating the overvoltage of the power system and characterizing the electromagnetic compatibility of the electronic equipments. Therefore, it is indispensable to measure lighting current by a suitable sensor. This paper presents a self-integrating rogowski coil for lightning current sensor, and introduces the operating principle and analyses characteristics of it. In addition, to improve the precision of the sensor this paper proposes design procedure of the phase compensation method and the circuit structure to implement the phase compensation method. The simulation results verify that the phase compensation method can enhance the precision of the self-integrating rogowski coil.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Batrakov, V. V., A. I. Krylov, R. V. Makarov, V. I. Antroshchenko, and I. V. Kutina. "The Use of the MRM-1 Simulator for Experimental Development of the Future Internal Lighting System in the ISS RS Modules." MANNED SPACEFLIGHT, no. 3(36) (September 1, 2020): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34131/msf.20.3.41-53.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The paper presents the internal lighting system (ILS) for the ISS RS modules and main provisions for the creation and use of a lighting control device with time-varying spectral-energy characteristics. Special attention is paid to the optimization of artificial lighting in manned vehicles and the development of the future ILS for space purposed simulators.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Tamrin, Hersyamsi, H. Hower, and F. Pratama. "Electrical Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell with the Extracts of Swamp Land Vegetation as Organic Dye Sensitizer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012040.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract The electrical performance of dye sensitized solar cell with the extract of swamp land vegetation was conducted based on the extracts of bluebell (Ruellia tuberosa L.), flowers of ulam raja (Cosmos caudatus Kunth), and leaves of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The electrical characteristics of DSSC was different for each dye sensitizer. The difference in electrical characteristics of DSSCs in the range of lighting source intensity 445 W/m2 - 845 W/m2 generated from solar lighting sources is generally higher than that generated from halogen lamp. Efficiency (η) of the conversion of light into electricity produced by DSSCs whose lighting sources from halogen lamps tend to decrease with the decreasing intensity of lighting sources, except for extract leaves of water spinach. The efficiency of the conversion of light into electricity produced by DSSC for extract leaves of water spinach on halogen lamps with the intensity of lighting sources 445 W/m2, 205 W/m2, and 100 W/m2, respectively 0.284%; 0.483%; and 0.983%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Ticleanu, Cosmin, and Paul Littlefair. "A summary of LED lighting impacts on health." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 17 (June 2, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v17i0.11.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Lighting can affect the health of people in buildings. This goes beyond the safety aspects of providing enough illumination to see by; lighting affects mood and human circadian rhythms, while poor lighting can cause glare, headaches, eyestrain, aches and pains associated with poor body posture or, in extreme cases, skin conditions and various types of sight loss. These aspects ought to be considered by designers and building owners and occupiers in order to improve the lit environment and use adequate lighting and lighting controls that meet the recommendations of codes and standards. Various types of lighting can have different impacts depending on their spectral, optical and electrical characteristics. This paper discusses potential impacts of LED lighting on human health, and is based on a recent BRE review of research investigating the most typical effects of lighting on human health.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

HAO, Lulu, and Jing GAO. "Intelligent Lighting System of Urban Road Based on Internet of Things." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-125.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Aiming to solve the problems of energy waste, management confusion and poor flexibility in urban road lighting control system, an intelligent lighting system of urban road was designed based on the internet of things technology. The intelligent lighting system included hardware system composed of street lamp control terminal, main controller, software platform server, and software system composed of communication interface software, data processing software and operation management software. The lighting energysaving control strategy and system characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the intelligent lighting system of urban road can realize the functions of remote street lamp switch, power regulation and timing operation, so as to meet the realistic demand of urban road intellectualized lighting control.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Ernst, Sebastian, Marek Łabuz, Kamila Środa, and Leszek Kotulski. "Graph-Based Spatial Data Processing and Analysis for More Efficient Road Lighting Design." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113850.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The efficiency and affordability of modern street lighting equipment are improving quickly, but systems used to manage and design lighting installations seem to lag behind. One of their problems is the lack of consistent methods to integrate all relevant data. Tools used to manage lighting infrastructure are not aware of the geographic characteristics of the lit areas, and photometric calculation software requires a lot of manual editing by the designer, who needs to assess the characteristics of roads, define the segments, and assign the lighting classes according to standards. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method to integrate geospatial data from various sources to support the process of data preparation for photometric calculations. The method uses graph transformations to define segments and assign lighting classes. A prototype system was developed to conduct experiments using real-world data. The proposed approach is compared to results obtained by professional designers in a case study; the method was also applied to several European cities to assess its efficiency. The obtained results are much more fine-grained than those yielded by the traditional approach; as a result, the lighting is more adequate, especially when used in conjunction with automated optimisation tools.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Revely-Calder, Cal. "Racine Lighting Beckett." Journal of Beckett Studies 25, no. 2 (September 2016): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jobs.2016.0172.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Critics have recently begun to pay attention to the influence Jean Racine's plays had on the work of Samuel Beckett, noting his 1930–31 lectures at Trinity College Dublin, and echoes of Racine in early texts such as Murphy (1938). This essay suggests that as well as the Trinity lectures, Beckett's later re-reading of Racine (in 1956) can be seen as fundamentally influential on his drama. There are moments of direct allusion to Racine's work, as in Oh les beaux jours (1963), where the echoes are easily discernible; but I suggest that soon, in particular with Come and Go (1965), the characteristics of a distinctly Racinian stagecraft become more subtly apparent, in what Danièle de Ruyter has called ‘choix plus spécifiquement théâtraux’: pared-down lighting, carefully-crafted entries and exits, and visual tableaux made increasingly difficult to read. Through an account of Racine's dramaturgy, and the ways in which he structures bodily motion and theatrical talk, I suggest that Beckett's post-1956 drama can be better understood, as stage-spectacles, in the light of Racine's plays; both writers give us, in Myriam Jeantroux's phrase, the complicated spectacle of ‘un lieu à la fois désert et clôturé’. As spectators to Beckett's drama, by keeping Racine in mind we can come to understand better the limitations of that spectatorship, and how the later plays trouble our ability to see – and interpret – the figures that move before us.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Joshi, Jyotsna, Geng Zhang, Shanqi Shen, Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana, Chihiro K. A. Watanabe, and Wataru Yamori. "A Combination of Downward Lighting and Supplemental Upward Lighting Improves Plant Growth in a Closed Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting." HortScience 52, no. 6 (June 2017): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11822-17.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

“Plant factory with artificial lighting” (PFAL) refers to a plant production facility that can achieve mass production of vegetables year round in a controlled environment. However, the high-density planting pattern in PFALs causes low light conditions in the lower canopy, leading to leaf senescence in the outer leaves and thus to reductions in plant yields. In the present study, the effect of supplemental upward lighting underneath the plants on photosynthetic characteristics and plant yield was examined in lettuce, in comparison with supplemental downward lighting from above the plants at the same light intensity. Supplemental upward lighting increased the curvature factor of the photosynthetic response to light from above the plants. Moreover, supplemental upward lighting significantly enhanced the lettuce yield by retarding the senescence of the outer leaves. Here, we propose a novel cultivation system with a combination of downward lighting and supplemental upward lighting that can effectively increase plant growth and yield in PFALs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Yeo, Jung-Kyu, Jin-Sung Kim, and Young Moon Yu. "Study on the Design and Lighting Characteristics of 150W LED Flood Lighting with Non Sparking Explosion-proof." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 32, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2018.32.8.001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Man, Yu Yan, Chi Zhang, Xiao Guang Xi, Ming Lei Wu, Yan Wei Dong, Zhao Sun, and Xiao Li Zhou. "Determination of LED’s Efficacy for Lighting Application." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.946.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The efficacy and its degradation of light emitting diode (LED) are related to its PN junction’s temperature (Tj). Currently efficacy in certain Tjand thermo-resistant are defined for the thermal characteristics. In the paper samples from different manufacturers were tested for their efficacies and dependency relationship on Tj, results were investigated and show that current definitions on thermal characteristics are quite inconvenient or unreasonable for general lighting application. Then a new definition of LED’s efficacy was suggested for general lighting application.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Xu, Jing Xian, and Li Ming Shen. "Effect of Background Lighting on Atmosphere Perception." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.103.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper analyzes the interactions between lighting and the human-product-environment system from an ergonomics perspective. Studies on the effect of the foreground and background lighting on the atmosphere perception was conducted in an experiment room, which specifically to improve the interaction between the lighting and customers. Data from the experiment shows that the background lighting characteristics do have different effects on the atmosphere perception on the customers. Firstly, different background light settings will have significant effect on the words “active-dull”, “private-public”, “formal- informal”, “warm-cold”; secondly, the beam angle of the foreground lighting will play effect upon the atmosphere of “warm- cold”; thirdly, the brightness of the background lighting will affect the perception of the words like “active-dull”, “private- public”, “formal- informal” and “relax-tense”; finally, different color temperatures of the background lighting will play significant effect on the sense of “warm- cold” and “expensive- inexpensive”.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Lighting characteristics"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями