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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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1

ANTUNES, ANTONIO CARLOS BAPTISTA, and LEILA JORGE ANTUNES. "ABSENCE OF DIQUARKS IN S-WAVE BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 25 (October 10, 2007): 4709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037950.

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We analyze the dynamics of diquark formation in baryons containing one light and two heavy quarks. Due to the slower motion of the heavy quarks, we consider the motion of the light quark in a reference frame fixed in the two heavy ones. The potential of the light quark interacting with the two heavy quarks is derived from the quark–antiquark potential in mesons. This potential has a repulsive barrier between the two heavy quarks. A variational approach similar to that used in the study of the hydrogen molecule is applied to determine the two lowest energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the light quark. The time-dependent wave function obtained describes the oscillation of the light quark along the direction defined by the two heavy quarks. We observe that the energy of this oscillating state is higher than the repulsive barrier between the two heavy quarks. There is no tunneling in the oscillation of the light quark, so we conclude that there is not formation of clusters or metastable states of a heavy and a light quark in this kind of baryons.

2

ANTUNES, ANTONIO CARLOS BAPTISTA, and LEILA JORGE ANTUNES. "DIQUARK FORMATION IN ANGULAR-MOMENTUM-EXCITED BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 10 (April 20, 2009): 1987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043249.

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Diquarks, or metastable clusters of two quarks inside baryons, are shown to be produced by angular momentum excitation. In baryons with a light quark and two heavy quarks with large angular momentum (L>2), the centrifugal barrier that appears in the rotation frame of the two heavy quarks prevents the light quark from passing freely between the two heavy quarks. The light quark must tunnelize through this potential barrier, which gives rise to the clusters of a light and a heavy quark.

3

Gomes, Frederico F., Bruna C. Folador, Dimiter Hadjimichef, and Daniel T. da Silva. "A Heavy-Light Quark Potential." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 45 (January 2017): 1760054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194517600540.

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In many studies of meson-baryon interactions with short one gluon exchange potential (OGEP), usually a full non-relativistic reduction, at the quark level Hamiltonian, is performed. In systems like [Formula: see text], light and heavy quarks are present, which in principle would require only a partial non-relativistic reduction. We shal start from a JKJ relativistic quark Hamiltonian and apply a partial non-relativistic reduction in order to obtain a OGEP between heavy and light quarks (heavy-light quark potential).

4

Afonin, S. S., and I. V. Pusenkov. "Note on universal description of heavy and light mesons." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 35 (November 17, 2014): 1450193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501934.

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The experimental spectrum of excited S-wave vector mesons with hidden quark flavor reveals a remarkable property: For all flavors, it is approximately linear in mass squared, [Formula: see text], n is the radial quantum number. We draw attention to the fact that such a universal behavior for any quark mass cannot be obtained in a natural way within the usual semirelativistic potential and string-like models — if the Regge-like behavior is reproduced for the mesons composed of the light quarks, the trajectories become essentially nonlinear for the heavy-quark sector. In reality, however, the linearity for the heavy mesons appears to be even better than for the light ones. In addition, the slope a is quite different for different quark flavors. This difference is difficult to understand within the QCD string approach since the slope measures the interaction strength among quarks. We propose a simple way for reparametrization of the vector spectrum in terms of quark masses and universal slope and intercept. Our model-independent analysis suggests that the quarks of any mass should be regarded as static sources inside mesons while the interaction between quarks is substantially relativistic.

5

AVILA, M. A. "LIGHT QUARK ORBITAL RADIUS OF A HEAVY QUARK–LIGHT QUARK SYSTEM IN AN S-STATE." Modern Physics Letters A 14, no. 02 (January 20, 1999): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732399000158.

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Radial probability density function of a heavy quark–light quark [Formula: see text] system in an S-state is analyzed numerically. It is found that the maximum of this function at r=a0 and the light quark energy (Eq) are related through the relation Eq=Z/a0, where Z=c0/c, c is the strength of the color Coulomb potential and c0=0.446. Z<1 can be thought of as due to a color anti-screening effect. The respective expectation value for r in this state is [Formula: see text]. These results are valid for c in the range c0≤ c≤0.7 and a light quark mass in the range 0≤ m≤ 300 MeV. As a result of these patterns of regularity, bounds on the mass of the heavy quarks are imposed. These give mc=1.3±0.33 GeV and mb=4.6±0.3 GeV. It is also shown that Eq is not directly an "inertia" parameter, as it has been called by the heavy quark effective theory, but a physical quantity that needs to be measured. The relations found in the present work coincide with the maximum value that the slope of the Isgur–Wise function at zero recoil can take, in either way [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text].

6

BEDNYAKOV, V. A. "ON LEADING CHARMED MESON PRODUCTION IN π–NUCLEON INTERACTIONS". Modern Physics Letters A 10, № 01 (10 січня 1995): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000077.

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It is shown that the D-meson, whose light quark is the initial-pion valence quark and whose charmed quark is produced in annihilation of valence quarks and has got a large enough momentum, is really a leading meson in reactions like π−p → DX. If such annihilation of valence quarks from initial hadrons is impossible there must be no distinct leading effect.

7

Bhattacharyya, Trambak, Surasree Mazumder, and Raktim Abir. "Soft Gluon Radiation off Heavy Quarks beyond Eikonal Approximation." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1298986.

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We calculate the soft gluon radiation spectrum off heavy quarks (HQs) interacting with light quarks (LQs) beyond small angle scattering (eikonality) approximation and thus generalize the dead-cone formula of heavy quarks extensively used in the literatures of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phenomenology to the large scattering angle regime which may be important in the energy loss of energetic heavy quarks in the deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma medium. In the proper limits, we reproduce all the relevant existing formulae for the gluon radiation distribution off energetic quarks, heavy or light, used in the QGP phenomenology.

8

Kaur, Satvir, and Harleen Dahiya. "Study of Spin–Spin Correlations between Quark and a Spin-1/2 Composite System." Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (January 27, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9429631.

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We study the correlation between the fermion composite system and quark spins by using the light-cone quark–diquark model. We do the calculations for u-quark and d-quark in the fermion system by considering different polarization configurations of both. The contribution from scalar and axial-vector diquarks is taken into account. The overlap representation of light-front wavefunctions is used for the calculations. The spin–spin correlations for u and d quarks are presented in transverse impact-parameter plane and transverse momentum plane as well.

9

MAO, YAXIAN, WENCHANG XIANG, and DAICUI ZHOU. "CHARM QUARK ENERGY LOSS IN DENSE MATTER WITHIN THE LIGHT-CONE PATH INTEGRAL APPROACH." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130700757x.

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The energy loss of heavy quarks traversing color dense matter is calculated with an analytical formula derived within the light-cone path integral (LCPI) approach. We find that the energy loss mechanism is dominated by gluon radiation and induces a suppression pattern of charm quark different from the suppression of light quarks. We find also that this radiative energy-loss is proportional to L2 for energetic quarks, but changes to a L dependance with decreasing quark energy, where L is the length of the traversed medium.

10

Kopeliovich, Boris, Jan Nemchik, Irina Potashnikova, and Ivan Schmidt. "Unconventional Mechanisms of Heavy Quark Fragmentation." Universe 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9090418.

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Heavy and light quarks produced in high-pT partonic collisions radiate differently. Heavy quarks regenerate their color field, stripped-off in the hard reaction, much faster than the light ones and radiate a significantly smaller fraction of the initial quark energy. This peculiar feature of heavy-quark jets leads to a specific shape of the fragmentation functions observed in e+e− annihilation. Differently from light flavors, the heavy quark fragmentation function strongly peaks at large fractional momentum z, i.e., the produced heavy–light mesons, B or D, carry the main fraction of the jet momentum. This is a clear evidence of the dead-cone effect, and of a short production time of a heavy–light mesons. Contrary to propagation of a small qq¯ dipole, which survives in the medium due to color transparency, a heavy–light Qq¯ dipole promptly expands to a large size. Such a big dipole has no chance to remain intact in a dense medium produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions. On the other hand, a breakup of such a dipole does not affect much the production rate of Qq¯ mesons, differently from the case of light qq¯ meson production.

11

Grinstein, B. "Light-Quark, Heavy-Quark Systems." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 42, no. 1 (December 1992): 101–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000533.

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12

RHO, MANNQUE. "MASSIVE-QUARK BARYONS AS SKYRMIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 23 (July 30, 1991): 2087–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391002268.

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Massive-quark baryons containing one or more charm (c) or bottom (b) quarks are described as massive scalar doublet fields "wrapped" by the soliton of the light (up and down) flavors. The spin-isospin transmutation that takes place to make the trapped scalar behave like heavy-flavored quarks is analogous to what happens to a scalar doublet in the presence of a 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole. The Wess–Zumino term plays a pivotal role here. This model predicts spectra that resemble closely those of quark models. This feature is interpreted in terms of an induced gauge (or Berry) structure associated with "fast" and "slow" degrees of freedom corresponding, respectively, to the massive- and light-flavor quarks involved in the baryon structure.

13

LIU, LIUMING, SHIQUAN SU, XIN LI, and CHUAN LIU. "A NUMERICAL STUDY OF IMPROVED WILSON QUARK ACTIONS ON ANISOTROPIC LATTICES." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 07n10 (March 28, 2007): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307023092.

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Tadpole improved Wilson quark actions with clover terms on anisotropic lattices are studied numerically. Using asymmetric lattice volumes, the pseudo-scalar meson dispersion relations are measured for 8 lowest lattice momentum modes with quark mass values ranging from the strange to the charm quark with various values of the gauge coupling β and 3 different values of the bare speed of light parameter ν. These results can be utilized to extrapolate or interpolate to obtain the optimal value for the bare speed of light parameter νopt(m) at a given gauge coupling for all bare quark mass values m. In particular, the optimal values of ν at the physical strange and charm quark mass are given for various gauge couplings. The lattice action with these optimized parameters can then be used to study physical properties of hadrons involving either light or heavy quarks.

14

SU, SHIQUAN, LIUMING LIU, XIN LI, and CHUAN LIU. "A NUMERICAL STUDY OF IMPROVED QUARK ACTIONS ON ANISOTROPIC LATTICES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 05 (February 20, 2006): 1015–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06024967.

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Tadpole improved Wilson quark actions with clover terms on anisotropic lattices are studied numerically. Using asymmetric lattice volumes, the pseudoscalar meson dispersion relations are measured for eight lowest lattice momentum modes with quark mass values ranging from the strange to the charm quark with various values of the gauge coupling β and three different values of the bare speed of light parameter ν. These results can be utilized to extrapolate or interpolate to obtain the optimal value for the bare speed of light parameter ν opt (m) at a given gauge coupling for all bare quark mass values m. In particular, the optimal values of ν at the physical strange and charm quark mass are given for various gauge couplings. The lattice action with these optimized parameters can then be used to study physical properties of hadrons involving either light or heavy quarks.

15

Fariborz, Amir H., Renata Jora, Salah Nasri, and Joseph Schechter. "A hierarchy of the quark masses in a top condensate model with multiple Higgses." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 06 (February 28, 2014): 1450030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500308.

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We discuss the quark masses in a top condensate model where not only two quark but also four quark composite states may exist. We show that the presence of the top color group SU (3)1× SU (3)2 with the correct quark representations can justify even in the absence of the additional technicolor interactions a hierarchy of the quark masses where the light quarks masses have the same size, the charm and bottom masses are higher and similar and the top is the heaviest.

16

PASQUINI, B., S. BOFFI, and P. SCHWEITZER. "THE SPIN STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON IN LIGHT-CONE QUARK MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 35n37 (December 7, 2009): 2903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230900111x.

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The quark spin densities related to generalized parton distributions in impact-parameter space and to transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions are reviewed within a light-cone quark model, with focus on the role of the different spin-spin and spin-orbit correlations of quarks. Results for azimuthal spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering due to T -even transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions are also discussed.

17

Musakhanov, Mirzayusuf. "Gluons, Heavy and Light Quarks in the QCD Vacuum." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202092.

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We are discussing the properties of the QCD vacuum which might be important especially for the understanding of hadrons with small quark core size ~ 0:3 fm: We assume that at these distances the QCD vacuum can be described by the Instanton Liquid Model (ILM). At larger distances, where confinement is important, ILM should be extended to Dyons Liquid Model (DLM). The ILM has only two free parameters, average instanton size ρ ≈ 0:3 fm and average inter-instanton distance R ≈ 1 fm, and can successfully describe the key features of light hadron physics. One of the important conceptual results was prediction of the momentum dependent dynamical quark mass M ~ (packing f raction)1/2 ρ-1 ≈ 360 MeV, later confirmed numerically by evaluations in the lattice. The estimates show that gluon-instanton interaction strength is also big and is controlled by the value of dynamical gluon mass Mg ≈ M. Heavy quarks interact with instantons much weaker. The heavy quark-instanton interaction strength is given by ΔmQ ~ packing fraction ρ-1 ≈ 70 MeV: Nevertheless, the direct instanton contribution to the colorless heavy-heavy quarks potential is sizable and must be taken into account. At small distances, where one-gluon exchange contribution to this potential is dominated, we have to take into account dynamical gluon mass Mg. Also, instantons are generating light-heavy quarks interactions and allow to describe the nonperturbative effects in heavy-light quarks systems.

18

Genz, Henning. "Two Remarks Concerning the Signs of the Light Quark Masses." Australian Journal of Physics 50, no. 5 (1997): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p97018.

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Partial conservation of the nine axial currents Abµ for β = 0, 1,..., 8 applied to the vacuum expectation values of the equal-time commutators of the nine axial charges QαA (x0) for α = 0, 1,..., 8 and the corresponding axial current divergences ∂µAβµ implies that the non-vanishing current quark masses mυ, md, ms of the light quarks u, d, shave the same sign. Under the more realistic assumption of partial conservation of only the eight axial currents of SU(3) ⊗ SU(3), i.e. a = 1,..., 8 and β = 1,..., 8 in the above, inequalities for the quark masses follow. They are trivially fulfilled if the three light quark masses have the same sign and imply, for non-vanishing quark masses mu, md, ms that at least two of these masses have the same sign as their sum mu + md + ms. If one of the three quark masses vanishes, one of the other two might also. If both do not, they have the same sign (the same, of course, as their sum). Our assumptions include the standard vector SU(3) symmetry of the vacuum.

19

Hamad, Ayman, Salem Abdulkarim, and Farag Hamad. "First Order Harmonic Flow of Heavy Quarks using a Hybrid Transport Model." Scholars Journal of Physics, Mathematics and Statistics 10, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjpms.2023.v10i02.001.

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We report the investigation of the first order flow of charmed quarks in gold-to-gold collision at the energy near to the speed of the light using A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model. We have used the AMPT string melting version known as partonic interactions option. In this study, we investigated the directed flow v1 of the charmed quark D0 as a function of rapidity. The model predicts the correct sign for D0v1, but the size of the predicted directed flow signal is too small by about an order of magnitude comparing to the real data from the STAR collaboration analysis. The AMPT model shows that the charm quark v1 magnitude is larger than that of the light quarks at large rapidity. This indicates that the charm quarks can retain more information from initial condition than the light quarks.

20

Kitazawa, Noriaki, and Yuki Sakai. "An approach to the instanton effect in B system." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 02 (January 20, 2018): 1850017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18500173.

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We discuss the constraint on the size of QCD instanton effects in low-energy effective theory. Among various instanton effects in meson mass spectrum and dynamics, we concentrate on the instanton-induced masses of light quarks. The famous instanton-induced six-quark interaction, so-called ’t Hooft vertex, could give nonperturbative quantum corrections to light quark masses. Many works have already been achieved to constrain the mass corrections in light meson system, or the system of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and now we know for a fact that the instanton-induced mass of up-quark is too small to realize the solution of the strong CP problem by vanishing current mass of up-quark. In this work, we give a constraint on the instanton-induced mass correction to light quarks from the mass spectrum of heavy mesons, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and their antiparticles. To accomplish this, the complete second-order chiral symmetry breaking terms are identified in heavy meson effective theory. We find that the strength of the constraint from heavy meson masses is at the same level of that from light mesons, and it would be made even stronger by more precise data from future [Formula: see text] factories and lattice calculations.

21

Pan, Ying-Hua, and Wei-Ning Zhang. "Chemical Evolution of Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/952607.

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At very initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions a wave of quark-gluon matter is produced from the break-up of the strong color electric field and then thermalizes at a short time scale (~1 fm/c). However, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) system is far out of chemical equilibrium, especially for the heavy quarks which are supposed to reach chemical equilibrium much late. In this paper a continuing quark production picture for strongly interacting QGP system is derived, using the quark number susceptibilities and the equation of state; both of them are from the results calculated by the Wuppertal-Budapest lattice QCD collaboration. We find that the densities of light quarks increase by 75% from the temperatureT=400 MeV toT=150 MeV, while the density of strange quark annihilates by 18% in the temperature region. We also offer a discussion on how this late production of quarks affects the final charge-charge correlations.

22

MIN, DONG-PIL, YONGSEOK OH, BYUNG-YOON PARK, and MANNQUE RHO. "HEAVY-QUARK SYMMETRY AND SKYRMIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 04, no. 01 (March 1995): 47–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301395000031.

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We review recent development on combining heavy-quark symmetry and chiral symmetry in the skyrmion structure of the baryons containing one or more heavy quarks, c (charmed) and b (bottom). We describe two approaches: One going from the chiral symmetry regime of light quarks to the heavy-quark symmetry regime which will be referred to as “bottom-up” approach and the other going down from the heavy-quark limit to the realistic finite-mass regime which will be referred to as “top-down.” A possible hidden connection between the two symmetry limits is suggested. This review is based largely on the work done — some unpublished — by the authors since several years.

23

Dominguez, C. A. "Quark mass determinations in QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 28 (September 14, 2014): 1430031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314300316.

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Recent progress on QCD sum rule determinations of the light and heavy quark masses is reported. In the light quark sector a major breakthrough has been made recently in connection with the historical systematic uncertainties due to a lack of experimental information on the pseudoscalar resonance spectral functions. It is now possible to suppress this contribution to the 1% level by using suitable integration kernels in Finite Energy QCD sum rules. This allows to determine the up-, down-, and strange-quark masses with an unprecedented precision of some 8–10%. In the heavy quark sector, the availability of experimental data in the vector channel, and the use of suitable multipurpose integration kernels allows to increase the accuracy of the charm- and bottom-quarks masses to the 1% level.

24

MOLODTSOV, S. V., and G. M. ZINOVJEV. "ROLE OF QUARK INTERACTIONS WITH INSTANTON LIQUID IN COLOUR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY PHASE." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 12 (April 20, 2003): 817–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303009903.

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The interaction of light quarks and instanton liquid is analyzed at finite density of quark/baryon matter and in the phase of nonzero values of diquark (colour) condensate. It is shown that instanton liquid perturbation produced by such an interaction results in an essential increase of the critical value of quark chemical potential μc which provokes the perceptible increase of quark matter density around the expected onset of the colour superconductivity phase.

25

Giordano, F. "Proton Quark Helicity Structure via W-Boson Production in PP Collision @ Phenix." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600181.

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The spin structure of the proton has been long studied in the past decades, but, while the contributions to the proton spin from valence quarks is by now precisely known, large uncertainties are still affecting our knowledge of the sea quark contributions. The measurement of single-spin asymmetries of the parity violating W production in pp collision allows a (quasi-)model independent access to the flavor-dependent light sea quark contributions. Being maximally parity violating, the [Formula: see text] charge can be directly realted to the quark and antiquark flavor, and in addition, moving from forward to backward rapidities with respect to the polarized proton beam direction it is possible to change the relative contributions of u, d, anti-u, anti-d quarks, thus accessing each light-quark spin alignment with respect to the proton spin. At PHENIX, the W boson produced in pp collision at center of mass energies of about 500 GeV is accessed via its decays into electron (muon) at central (forward) rapidities. Here the status of the analysis and the most updated results is reported.

26

ZAITSEV, A. "LIGHT QUARK SPECTROSCOPY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 30 (December 10, 2007): 5492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0703875x.

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This report summarizes the results in light quark spectroscopy achieved in last few years. The variety of experimental approaches, from kaon decays to fix target experiments and high statistics studies at e + e - colliders lead to radical progress in this field. Topics of interest include low energy pion pion scattering, scalars, higher excitations in meson spectra and exotics. The impact of these results on the understanding of nonperturbative QCD as well as further prospects are discussed.

27

Burket, Volker D. "Light quark baryons." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 21 (June 1991): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(91)90261-c.

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28

KISELEV, V. V. "MODEL FOR GLUON PROPAGATOR FROM ANALYSIS IN RENORMALIZATION GROUP." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 26 (August 30, 1994): 2421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239400229x.

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The gluon propagator is considered on the basis of one-loop calculations in the renormalization group. To describe a set of nonperturbative phenomena such as heavy quark potential, gluon and quark condensates, constituent masses of light quarks, this analysis allows one to propose a model for the gluon propagator in the vicinity of ir region.

29

LORCÉ, CÉDRIC, and BARBARA PASQUINI. "WIGNER DISTRIBUTIONS AND QUARK ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 20 (January 2012): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512009129.

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We discuss the quark phase-space or Wigner distributions of the nucleon which combine in a single picture all the information contained in the generalized parton distributions and the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. In particular, we present results for the distribution of unpolarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon obtained in a light-front constituent quark model. We show how the quark orbital angular momentum can be extracted from the Wigner distributions and compare it with alternative definitions.

30

SUGANUMA, HIDEO, ARATA YAMAMOTO, NAOYUKI SAKUMICHI, TORU T. TAKAHASHI, HIDEAKI IIDA, and FUMIKO OKIHARU. "INTER-QUARK POTENTIALS IN BARYONS AND MULTI-QUARK SYSTEMS IN QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 27n30 (September 30, 2008): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308029320.

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We perform the first studies of various inter-quark potentials in SU(3)c lattice QCD. From the accurate lattice calculation for more than 300 different patterns of three-quark (3Q) systems, we find that the static 3Q potential V3Q is well described by Y-Ansatz, i.e., the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential. Quark confinement mechanism in baryons is also investigated in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. We next study the multi-quark potentials VnQ (n = 4,5) in SU(3)c lattice QCD, and find that they are well described by the one-gluon-exchange Coulomb plus multi-Y type linear potential, which supports the flux-tube picture even for the multi-quarks. Finally, we study the heavy-heavy-light quark (QQq) potential both in lattice QCD and in a lattice-QCD-based quark model.

31

GERASYUTA, S. M., and E. E. MATSKEVICH. "HEAVY DIBARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 12 (December 2011): 2443–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311020447.

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The relativistic six-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the heavy hexaquark amplitudes are obtained. The relativistic six-quark amplitudes of dibaryons including the light quarks u, d and heavy quarks c, b are calculated. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of charmed and bottom dibaryons with the isospins [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].

32

Yuan, Wen-Li, and Ang Li. "Two-flavor Color Superconducting Quark Stars May Not Exist." Astrophysical Journal 966, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad354f.

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Abstract Large uncertainties in the determinations of the equation of state of dense stellar matter allow for the intriguing possibility that the bulk quark matter in beta equilibrium might be the true ground state of the matter at zero pressure. Also, quarks will form Cooper pairs very readily since the dominant interaction between quarks is attractive in some channels. As a result, quark matter will generically exhibit color superconductivity, with the favored pairing pattern at intermediately high densities being two-flavor pairing. In the light of several possible candidates for such self-bound quark stars, including the very low-mass central compact object in supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 reported recently, we carry out a one-field theoretic model, the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model, to investigate the stability of the beta-stable two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase of quark matter, but find no physically allowed parameter space for the existence of 2SC quark stars.

33

Chakraverty, Debrupa, Triptesh De, Binayak Dutta-Roy та K. S. Gupta. "Non-Relativistic Model for the Semileptonic Λb→Λc Decay". Modern Physics Letters A 12, № 03 (30 січня 1997): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732397000194.

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We calculate the decay width for [Formula: see text] in the framework of a non-relativistic quark (NRQ) model of heavy baryons where the light quarks play the role of spectators. Our calculation does not make an explicit use of the heavy quark symmetry. The branching ratio for the above process as calculated here agrees reasonably well with the experimental value.

34

Grozin, A. G. "Decoupling of heavy-quark loops in light-light and heavy-light quark currents." Physics Letters B 445, no. 1-2 (December 1998): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(98)01439-7.

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35

Borka Jovanović, V., D. Borka, P. Jovanović, J. Milošević, and S. R. Ignjatović. "Masses of constituent quarks confined in open bottom hadrons." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 38 (December 9, 2014): 1450202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314502022.

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We apply color-spin and flavor-spin quark–quark interactions to the meson and baryon constituent quarks, and calculate constituent quark masses, as well as the coupling constants of these interactions. The main goal of this paper was to determine constituent quark masses from light and open bottom hadron masses, using the fitting method we have developed and clustering of hadron groups. We use color-spin Fermi–Breit (FB) and flavor-spin Glozman–Riska (GR) hyperfine interaction (HFI) to determine constituent quark masses (especially b quark mass). Another aim was to discern between the FB and GR HFI because our previous findings had indicated that both interactions were satisfactory. Our improved fitting procedure of constituent quark masses showed that on average color-spin (FB) HFI yields better fits. The method also shows the way how the constituent quark masses and the strength of the interaction constants appear in different hadron environments.

36

Khan, A. Ali, S. Aoki, G. Boyd, R. Burkhalter, S. Ejiri, M. Fukugita, S. Hashimoto, et al. "Dynamical Quark Effects on Light Quark Masses." Physical Review Letters 85, no. 22 (November 27, 2000): 4674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.4674.

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37

Aslanzadeh, M., and A. A. Rajabi. "Relativistic three-body quark model of light baryons based on hypercentral approach." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 05 (May 2015): 1550032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500329.

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In this paper, we have treated the light baryons as a relativistic three-body bound system. Inspired by lattice QCD calculations, we treated baryons as a spin-independent three-quark system within a relativistic three-quark model based on the three-particle Klein–Gordon equation. We presented the analytical solution of three-body Klein–Gordon equation with employing the constituent quark model based on a hypercentral approach through which two- and three-body forces are taken into account. Herewith the average energy values of the up, down and strange quarks containing multiplets are reproduced. To describe the hyperfine structure of the baryon, the splittings within the SU(6)-multiplets are produced by the generalized Gürsey Radicati mass formula. The considered SU(6)-invariant potential is popular "Coulomb-plus-linear" potential and the strange and non-strange baryons spectra are in general well reproduced.

38

DOMINGUEZ, C. A. "QUARK MASSES IN QCD: A PROGRESS REPORT." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 10 (March 28, 2011): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035614.

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Recent progress on QCD sum rule determinations of the light and heavy quark masses is reported. In the light quark sector a major breakthrough has been made recently in connection with the historical systematic uncertainties due to a lack of experimental information on the pseudoscalar resonance spectral functions. It is now possible to suppress this contribution to the 1% level by using suitable integration kernels in Finite Energy QCD sum rules. This allows one to determine the up-, down-, and strange-quark masses with an unprecedented precision of some 8–10%. Further reduction of this uncertainty will be possible with improved accuracy in the strong coupling, now the main source of error. In the heavy quark sector, the availability of experimental data in the vector channel, and the use of suitable multipurpose integration kernels allows one to increase the accuracy of the charm- and bottom-quarks masses to the 1% level.

39

McKellar, BHJ. "Relativistic Bound States." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 3 (1991): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910149.

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The standard resul ts of the quark model rely on nonrelativistic descriptions of the wavefunctions of the quarks in the hadron. However, simple uncertainty principle considerations show that the momenta of the quarks are comparable to their (constituent) masses, so that relativistic dynamics must be used in the description of the hadronic structure. In this paper I describe a number of new and old results which illustrate relativistic effects on the quark structure of hardons, and which employ the method of light cone quantisation to handle relativity.

40

ARBUZOV, B. A., M. K. VOLKOV, and I. V. ZAITSEV. "NJL INTERACTION DERIVED FROM QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 28n29 (November 20, 2006): 5721–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033830.

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We apply Bogolubov approach to QCD with two light quarks to demonstrate a spontaneous generation of an effective interaction, leading to the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The resulting theory contains two parameters: average low-energy value of αs and current light quark mass m0. All other low-energy parameters: the pion decay constant, mass of the π-meson, mass of the σ-meson and its width, the constituent quark mass, and the quark condensate are expressed in terms of the two input parameters in satisfactory correspondence to experimental data and chiral phenomenology. For example, in the approximation being used we have for αs = 0.67 and m0 = 20 MeV : fπ = 93 MeV , mπ = 135 MeV , mσ = 492 MeV , Γσ = 574 MeV , mq = 295 MeV , [Formula: see text].

41

Morimoto, Masatoshi, Yasuhiko Tsue, João da Providência, Constança Providência, and Masatoshi Yamamura. "Spin polarizations under a pseudovector interaction between quarks with the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft term in high density quark matter." International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, no. 01 (January 2020): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320500032.

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A possibility of a quark spin polarization originating from a pseudovector condensate is investigated in the three-flavor Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model with the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft interaction which leads to flavor mixing. It is shown that a pseudovector condensate related to the strange quark easily occurs compared with pseudovector condensate related to light quarks. Further, it is shown that the pseudovector condensate related to the strange quark appears at a slightly small chemical potential by the effect of the flavor mixing due to the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft interaction.

42

ZHANG, X. M., D. C. ZHOU, and W. C. XIANG. "DEAD CONE EFFECT OF HEAVY QUARK IN MEDIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007568.

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We demonstrate by using Wiedemann's gluon radiative spectrum that heavy quark radiative energy loss spectrum can be factorized as the light quark radiative energy loss spectrum times a dead cone factor in the absence of medium effect. The availability of factorial approach with a dead cone approximation in medium is studied by Djordjevic-Gyulassy (D-G) and GLV (M.Gyulassy, P.Levai and I.Vitev) formulas. The numerical results show that the factorial method with a dead cone approximation is more suitable for charm quarks than bottom quarks at both RHIC and LHC energies.

43

Gelzer, Zechariah, C. Bernard, C. De Tar, AX El-Khadra, E. Gámiz, Steven Gottlieb, Andreas S. Kronfeld, et al. "Semileptonic B-meson decays to light pseudoscalar mesons on the HISQ ensembles." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 13024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817513024.

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We report the status of an ongoing lattice-QCD calculation of form factors for exclusive semileptonic decays of B mesons with both charged currents (B → πlv, Bs → Klv) and neutral currents (B → πl+l-, B → Kl+l-). The results are important for constraining or revealing physics beyond the Standard Model. This work uses MILC’s (2+1 + 1)-flavor ensembles with the HISQ action for the sea and light valence quarks and the clover action in the Fermilab interpretation for the b quark. Simulations are carried out at three lattice spacings down to 0.088 fm, with both physical and unphysical sea-quark masses. We present preliminary results for correlation-function fits.

44

Kostenko, Boris. "Quark-Parton Model and Relativistic Quantum Mechanics." EPJ Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817302012.

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An attempt to treat the asymptotic freedom and the quark confinement as a self-consistent problem in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics is realized. It is shown that the confinement of quarks induces a change of their helicities together with a simultaneous alteration of orbital momenta, so that the total angular momentum of each quark is conserved. This observation may cast light on the so-called proton spin puzzle after some additional numerical estimations.

45

Kagawa, Ai, Masatoshi Morimoto, Yasuhiko Tsue, João da Providência, Constança Providência, and Masatoshi Yamamura. "Nonzero tensor condensates in cold quark matter within the three-flavor Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model with the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft interaction." International Journal of Modern Physics E 29, no. 06 (June 2020): 2050036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301320500366.

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The possible formation of tensor condensates originated from a tensor-type interaction between quarks is investigated in the three-flavor Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model including the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft interaction, which leads to flavor mixing. It is shown that independent two tensor condensates appear and a tensor condensate related to the strange quark easily occurs by the effect of the flavor mixing compared with one related to light quarks. Also, it is shown that the tensor condensate related to the strange quark appears at a slightly smaller chemical potential if the Kobayashi–Maskawa–’t Hooft interaction is included, due to the flavor mixing effect. It is also shown that the two kinds of tensor condensates may coexist in a certain quark chemical potential due to the flavor mixing.

46

EBERT, D., R. N. FAUSTOV, and V. O. GALKIN. "MASSES OF LIGHT MESONS IN THE RELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 25 (August 20, 2005): 1887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230501813x.

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The masses of the S-wave mesons consisting of the light (u, d, s) quarks are calculated within the constituent quark model. The relativistic Schrödinger-like equation with a confining potential is numerically solved for the complete relativistic [Formula: see text] potential including both spin-independent and spin-dependent terms. The obtained masses of the ground state π, ρ, K, K* and ϕ mesons and their first radial excitations are in a reasonably good overall agreement with experimental data.

47

Pasquini, B., and C. Lorcé. "Spin/Orbital Structure of the Nucleon from Wigner Distributions." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600132.

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We present results for the Wigner distributions of the nucleon, which provide multidimensional images of the quark distributions in the phase space and can be seen as the mother distributions of the standard generalized and transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. We discuss the general features of these distributions within a light-front constituent quark model, emphasizing the new information that can be deduced about the spin-orbit correlations of the quarks in the nucleon.

48

Wong, Cheuk-Yin. "QED Meson Description of the Anomalous Particles at ∼17 and ∼38 MeV." Universe 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2024): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10040173.

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The Schwinger confinement mechanism stipulates that a massless fermion and a massless antifermion are confined as a massive boson when they interact in the Abelian QED interaction in (1+1)D.If we approximate light quarks as massless and apply the Schwinger confinement mechanism to quarks, we can infer that a light quark and a light antiquark interacting in the Abelian QED interaction are confined as a QED meson in (1+1)D. Similarly, a light quark and a light antiquark interacting in the QCD interaction in the quasi-Abelian approximation will be confined as a QCD meson in (1+1)D. The QED and QCD mesons in (1+1)D can represent physical mesons in (3+1)D when the flux tube radius is properly taken into account. Such a theory leads to a reasonable description of the masses of π0,η, and η′, and its extrapolation to the unknown QED sector yields an isoscalar QED meson at about 17 MeV and an isovector QED meson at about 38 MeV. The observations of the anomalous soft photons, the hypothetical X17 particle, and the hypothetical E38 particle bear promising evidence for the possible existence of the QED mesons. Pending further confirmation, they hold important implications on the properties on the quarks and their interactions.

49

Liu, Yuzhi, Jon A. Bailey, A. Bazavov, C. Bernard, C. M. Bouchard, C. DeTar, Daping Du та ін. "Bs → Kℓv form factors with 2+1 flavors". EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 13008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817513008.

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Using the MILC 2+1 flavor asqtad quark action ensembles, we are calculating the form factors f0 and f+ for the semileptonic Bs → Kℓv decay. A total of six ensembles with lattice spacing from ≈ 0.12 to 0.06 fm are being used. At the coarsest and finest lattice spacings, the light quark mass m’l is one-tenth the strange quark mass m’s. At the intermediate lattice spacing, the ratio m’l/m’s ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. The valence b quark is treated using the Sheikholeslami-Wohlert Wilson-clover action with the Fermilab interpretation. The other valence quarks use the asqtad action. When combined with (future) measurements from the LHCb and Belle II experiments, these calculations will provide an alternate determination of the CKM matrix element |Vub|.

50

Kesten, P., C. Akerlof, G. Bonvicini, J. Chapman, D. Errede, N. Harnew, D. I. Meyer, et al. "Comparison of light quark and charm quark fragmentation." Physics Letters B 161, no. 4-6 (October 1985): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(85)90789-0.

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