Статті в журналах: "Life trait history"

1

Moschilla, Joe A., Joseph L. Tomkins, and Leigh W. Simmons. "Sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 1096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz055.

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Abstract The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis considers an animal’s behavior, physiology, and life history as nonindependent components of a single integrated phenotype. However, frequent deviations from the expected correlations between POLS traits suggest that these relationships may be context, and potentially, sex dependent. To determine whether the sexes express distinct POLS trait covariance structures, we observed the behavior (mobility, latency to emerge from a shelter), physiology (mass-specific metabolic rate), and life history (life span, development time) of male and female Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). Path analysis modeling suggested that POLS trait covariation differed between the sexes. Although neither sex displayed the complete integration of traits predicted by the POLS hypothesis, females did display greater overall integration with a significant negative correlation between metabolic rate and risk-taking behavior but with life-history traits varying independently. In males, however, there was no clear association between traits. These results suggest that T. oceanicus do indeed display sex-specific trait covariance structures, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging sex in assessments of POLS.

2

Acasuso-Rivero, Cristina, Courtney J. Murren, Carl D. Schlichting, and Ulrich K. Steiner. "Adaptive phenotypic plasticity for life-history and less fitness-related traits." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1904 (June 12, 2019): 20190653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0653.

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Organisms are faced with variable environments and one of the most common solutions to cope with such variability is phenotypic plasticity, a modification of the phenotype to the environment. These modifications are commonly modelled in evolutionary theories as adaptive, influencing ecological and evolutionary processes. If plasticity is adaptive, we would predict that the closer to fitness a trait is, the less plastic it would be. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis of 213 studies and measured the plasticity of each reported trait as a coefficient of variation. Traits were categorized as closer to fitness—life-history traits including reproduction and survival related traits, and farther from fitness—non-life-history traits including traits related to development, metabolism and physiology, morphology and behaviour. Our results showed, unexpectedly, that although traits differed in their amounts of plasticity, trait plasticity was not related to its proximity to fitness. These findings were independent of taxonomic groups or environmental types assessed. We caution against general expectations that plasticity is adaptive, as assumed by many models of its evolution. More studies are needed that test the adaptive nature of plasticity, and additional theoretical explorations on adaptive and non-adaptive plasticity are encouraged.

3

Hairston, N. G., and W. E. Walton. "Rapid evolution of a life history trait." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 83, no. 13 (July 1, 1986): 4831–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.13.4831.

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4

Kamilar, Jason M., and Natalie Cooper. "Phylogenetic signal in primate behaviour, ecology and life history." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1618 (May 19, 2013): 20120341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0341.

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Examining biological diversity in an explicitly evolutionary context has been the subject of research for several decades, yet relatively recent advances in analytical techniques and the increasing availability of species-level phylogenies, have enabled scientists to ask new questions. One such approach is to quantify phylogenetic signal to determine how trait variation is correlated with the phylogenetic relatedness of species. When phylogenetic signal is high, closely related species exhibit similar traits, and this biological similarity decreases as the evolutionary distance between species increases. Here, we first review the concept of phylogenetic signal and suggest how to measure and interpret phylogenetic signal in species traits. Second, we quantified phylogenetic signal in primates for 31 variables, including body mass, brain size, life-history, sexual selection, social organization, diet, activity budget, ranging patterns and climatic variables. We found that phylogenetic signal varies extensively across and even within trait categories. The highest values are exhibited by brain size and body mass, moderate values are found in the degree of territoriality and canine size dimorphism, while low values are displayed by most of the remaining variables. Our results have important implications for the evolution of behaviour and ecology in primates and other vertebrates.

5

Devine, Jennifer A., Peter J. Wright, Heidi E. Pardoe, and Mikko Heino. "Comparing rates of contemporary evolution in life-history traits for exploited fish stocks." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 6 (June 2012): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-047.

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Trait evolution over time periods spanning generations, not millennia, is increasingly observed to be above the natural baseline in populations experiencing human-induced perturbations. We investigated the relative speed of trait change by comparing rates of evolution in haldanes and darwins for size at maturation as measured by probabilistic maturation reaction norm midpoints for fish stocks from the Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic, Barents Sea, eastern Baltic Sea, and the North Sea. Rates in haldanes for 23 stocks ranged from –2.2 to 0.9 and from 0.5 to 153 in kilodarwins for 26 stocks. The highest rates of evolution corresponded to the most heavily exploited stocks; rates slowed after moratoria were introduced. The estimated rates in fish life-history characteristics were comparable to other examples of human-induced evolution and faster than naturally induced rates. Stocks with high growth showed slower evolutionary change, even under high mortality, suggesting that compensatory somatic growth can slow the rate of trait evolution. Regardless of whether trait changes are due to exploitation or environmental factors, the costs of ignoring trait evolution are high. Management strategies should be based upon precautionary principles; therefore, the effect of changing traits must be integrated into the fisheries assessment process.

6

Tabilio Di Camillo, Agostina, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Barbara Fiasca, Mattia Di Cicco, Emma Galmarini, Ilaria Vaccarelli, and Tiziana Di Lorenzo. "Variation in Copepod Morphological and Life History Traits along a Vertical Gradient of Freshwater Habitats." Environments 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2023): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10120199.

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Understanding trait selection factors is vital for decoding the processes shaping species’ assemblages. However, trait-based studies in freshwater crustacean copepod assemblages are scarce, especially in groundwater environments. We explored how environmental filtering influences functional traits in copepod assemblages across four freshwater habitats (an alluvial aquifer, a hyporheic zone, a stream benthic zone and a lake littoral) along a depth gradient. Each habitat had distinct environmental templates based on light, temperature and dissolved oxygen. We analysed 4898 individuals from 43 copepod species and examined 12 morphological and life history traits. The results revealed significant differences in copepod traits among habitats, notably in ovigerous female biomass, egg biomass and ovigerous female percentages. Furthermore, despite some statistical uncertainty, notable differences were also observed in the number of juveniles, male-to-female abundance ratios and overall biomass. No significant differences were observed in juvenile biomass, egg characteristics, body size dimorphism or juvenile-to-adult ratios among habitats. The trait variations offer insights into copepod-mediated ecosystem services, particularly carbon recycling. To gain a deeper understanding of copepod adaptations to environmental features and anthropogenic changes, future research should consider additional functional traits, such as locomotion and feeding habits.

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Henle, Klaus, Annegret Grimm, Ana María Prieto Ramírez, Sylvain Moulherat, and Julie Reynaud. "Life-history trait database of European reptile species." Nature Conservation 9 (December 19, 2014): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.9.8908.

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8

Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Kyle G. Dexter, Oliver L. Phillips, Roel J. W. Brienen, Jerome Chave, David R. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, et al. "Evolutionary heritage influences Amazon tree ecology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1844 (December 14, 2016): 20161587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1587.

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Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.

9

Maliet, Odile, Deborah E. Shelton, and Richard E. Michod. "A model for the origin of group reproduction during the evolutionary transition to multicellularity." Biology Letters 11, no. 6 (June 2015): 20150157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0157.

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During the evolution of multicellular organisms, the unit of selection and adaptation, the individual, changes from the single cell to the multicellular group. To become individuals, groups must evolve a group life cycle in which groups reproduce other groups. Investigations into the origin of group reproduction have faced a chicken-and-egg problem: traits related to reproduction at the group level often appear both to be a result of and a prerequisite for natural selection at the group level. With a focus on volvocine algae, we model the basic elements of the cell cycle and show how group reproduction can emerge through the coevolution of a life-history trait with a trait underpinning cell cycle change. Our model explains how events in the cell cycle become reordered to create a group life cycle through continuous change in the cell cycle trait, but only if the cell cycle trait can coevolve with the life-history trait. Explaining the origin of group reproduction helps us understand one of life's most familiar, yet fundamental, aspects—its hierarchical structure.

10

Duplouy, Anne, Swee C. Wong, Jukka Corander, Rainer Lehtonen, and Ilkka Hanski. "Genetic effects on life-history traits in the Glanville fritillary butterfly." PeerJ 5 (May 25, 2017): e3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3371.

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Background Adaptation to local habitat conditions may lead to the natural divergence of populations in life-history traits such as body size, time of reproduction, mate signaling or dispersal capacity. Given enough time and strong enough selection pressures, populations may experience local genetic differentiation. The genetic basis of many life-history traits, and their evolution according to different environmental conditions remain however poorly understood. Methods We conducted an association study on the Glanville fritillary butterfly, using material from five populations along a latitudinal gradient within the Baltic Sea region, which show different degrees of habitat fragmentation. We investigated variation in 10 principal components, cofounding in total 21 life-history traits, according to two environmental types, and 33 genetic SNP markers from 15 candidate genes. Results We found that nine SNPs from five genes showed strong trend for trait associations (p-values under 0.001 before correction). These associations, yet non-significant after multiple test corrections, with a total number of 1,086 tests, were consistent across the study populations. Additionally, these nine genes also showed an allele frequency difference between the populations from the northern fragmented versus the southern continuous landscape. Discussion Our study provides further support for previously described trait associations within the Glanville fritillary butterfly species across different spatial scales. Although our results alone are inconclusive, they are concordant with previous studies that identified these associations to be related to climatic changes or habitat fragmentation within the Åland population.

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Shook, David R., Anne Brooks, and Thomas E. Johnson. "Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Life History Traits in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 142, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 801–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/142.3.801.

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Abstract We have identified chromosomal regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) specifying life history traits in recombinant-inbred strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This approach also allows us to examine epistatic interactions between loci and pleiotropic effects on different traits at specific loci. QTLs for mean life span were identified on chromosomes II (near stP101), IV (stP5) and the X (stP61), and QTLs for fertility were identified on II (maP1), III (stP19) and IV (stP51). The QTLs for mean life span accounted for 90% of the genetic component of variance. The loci for mean fertility accounted for 88% of the genetic component of variance. Additional QTLs for temperature-sensitive fertility [II (stP36) and V (stP6)] and internal hatching [IV (stP5) were also mapped in these crosses. We found evidence for epistatic effects on mean life span between maP1 and bP1 (V), and for epistatic effects on mean fertility between stP36 and stP6, between stP98 (II) and stP192 (V), between maP1 and stP127 (III), between maP1 and stP103 (X), and between stP5 and stP6. Negatively correlated, pleiotropic effects on mean life span and internal hatching were found linked to stP5.

12

Groot, Nikita E., Rochelle Constantine, Ellen C. Garland, and Emma L. Carroll. "Phylogenetically controlled life history trait meta-analysis in cetaceans reveals unexpected negative brain size and longevity correlation." Evolution 77, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac050.

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Abstract The identification of patterns in trait evolution is essential to understand the interaction of evolutionary forces, and provides useful information for species management. Cetaceans are a phylogenetically well-resolved infraorder that exhibit distinct trait variation across behavioral, molecular, and life history dimensions, yet few researchers have applied a meta-analytic or comparative approach to these traits. To understand cetacean trait evolution, we used a phylogenetic generalized least squares approach to examine the cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH). A large brain should buffer individuals against environmental challenges through increasing survival rates, and a longer lifespan should buffer individuals against the cost of extended development for larger brains according to the CBH, leading to an expected positive correlation between brain size and lifespan. In contrast to this expectation, previously observed in taxa including primates, we found a negative correlation between brain size and lifespan in cetaceans. This suggests cetaceans experience selective pressures different from most other mammals in these traits but may be more similar to some social mammalian carnivores that display alloparenting. We also provide a comprehensive dataset to explore additional aspects of trait evolution but which would greatly benefit from studies on behavioral ecology across cetaceans and increased focus on data deficient species.

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Chapuis, M. P., L. Crespin, A. Estoup, A. Augé-Sabatier, A. Foucart, M. Lecoq, and Y. Michalakis. "Parental crowding influences life-history traits inLocusta migratoriafemales." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 1 (May 5, 2009): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309006853.

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AbstractParental environments could play an important role in controlling insect outbreaks, provided they influence changes in physiological, developmental or behavioural life-history traits related to fluctuations in population density. However, the potential implication of parental influence in density-related changes in life-history traits remains unclear in many insects that exhibit fluctuating population dynamics, particularly locusts. In this study, we report a laboratory experiment, which enabled us to characterize the life-history trait modifications induced by parental crowding of female individuals from a frequently outbreaking population ofLocusta migratoria(Linnaeus) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). We found that a rearing history of crowding led to reduced female oviposition times and increased offspring size but did not affect the developmental time, survival, fecundity, and the sex-ratio and the number of offspring. Because all studied females were raised in a common environment (isolation conditions), these observed reproductive differences are due to trans-generational effects induced by density. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of the observed density-dependent parental effects on the life-history ofL. migratoria.

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Bowman, Jr., Larry L., and David M. Post. "The Evolution of Life History Traits and Their Thermal Plasticity in Daphnia." Hydrobiology 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2010005.

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Few studies have explored the relative strength of ecogeographic versus lineage-specific effects on a global scale, particularly for poikilotherms, those organisms whose internal temperature varies with their environment. Here, we compile a global dataset of life history traits in Daphnia, at the species-and population-level, and use those data to parse the relative influences of lineage-specific effects and climate. We also compare the thermal response (plasticity) of life history traits and their dependence on climate, temperature, precipitation, and latitude. We found that the mode of evolution for life history traits varies but that the thermal response of life history traits most often follows a random walk model of evolution. We conclude that life history trait evolution in Daphnia is not strongly species-specific but is ecogeographically distinct, suggesting that life history evolution should be understood at the population level for Daphnia and possibly for other poikilotherms.

15

Hartnett, Rachel. "Variation in life-history traits among Daphnia and its relationship to species-level responses to phosphorus limitation." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 8 (August 2019): 191024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191024.

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Currently organisms are experiencing changes in their environment at an unprecedented rate. Therefore, the study of the contributions to and responses in traits linked to fitness is crucial, as they have direct consequences on a population's success in persisting under such a change. Daphnia is used as a model organism as the genus contains keystone primary consumers in aquatic food webs. A life-history table experiment (LHTE) using four species of Daphnia was conducted to compare variation in life-history traits among species across two different environmental conditions (high and low phosphorus availability). Results indicate that the food quality environment had the most impact on life-history traits, while genetic contributions to traits were higher at the species-level than clonal-level. Higher trait variation and species-level responses to P-limitation were more evident in reproductive traits, while growth traits were found to be less affected by food quality and had less variation. Exploring trait variation and potential plasticity in organisms is increasingly important to consider as a potential mechanism for population persistence given the fluctuations in environmental stressors we are currently experiencing.

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Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Peter Poschlod, and Jörn Hentschel. "BryForTrait - A life-history trait database of forest bryophytes." Journal of Vegetation Science 29, no. 4 (July 2018): 798–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12646.

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17

Heineman, R. H., J. J. Bull, and I. J. Molineux. "Layers of Evolvability in a Bacteriophage Life History Trait." Molecular Biology and Evolution 26, no. 6 (March 5, 2009): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp037.

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18

Bonte, Dries, and Maxime Dahirel. "Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history." Oikos 126, no. 4 (November 17, 2016): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.03801.

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19

Scheele, Benjamin C., Lee F. Skerratt, David A. Hunter, Sam C. Banks, Jennifer C. Pierson, Don A. Driscoll, Philip G. Byrne, and Lee Berger. "Disease-associated change in an amphibian life-history trait." Oecologia 184, no. 4 (July 14, 2017): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3911-7.

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20

Fagan, William F., Yanthe E. Pearson, Elise A. Larsen, Heather J. Lynch, Jessica B. Turner, Hilary Staver, Andrew E. Noble, Sharon Bewick, and Emma E. Goldberg. "Phylogenetic prediction of the maximum per capita rate of population growth." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (July 22, 2013): 20130523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0523.

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The maximum per capita rate of population growth, r , is a central measure of population biology. However, researchers can only directly calculate r when adequate time series, life tables and similar datasets are available. We instead view r as an evolvable, synthetic life-history trait and use comparative phylogenetic approaches to predict r for poorly known species. Combining molecular phylogenies, life-history trait data and stochastic macroevolutionary models, we predicted r for mammals of the Caniformia and Cervidae. Cross-validation analyses demonstrated that, even with sparse life-history data, comparative methods estimated r well and outperformed models based on body mass. Values of r predicted via comparative methods were in strong rank agreement with observed values and reduced mean prediction errors by approximately 68 per cent compared with two null models. We demonstrate the utility of our method by estimating r for 102 extant species in these mammal groups with unknown life-history traits.

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Mello, Felipe N. A., Sergio Estrada-Villegas, David M. DeFilippis, and Stefan A. Schnitzer. "Can Functional Traits Explain Plant Coexistence? A Case Study with Tropical Lianas and Trees." Diversity 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100397.

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Organisms are adapted to their environment through a suite of anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits. These functional traits are commonly thought to determine an organism’s tolerance to environmental conditions. However, the differences in functional traits among co-occurring species, and whether trait differences mediate competition and coexistence is still poorly understood. Here we review studies comparing functional traits in two co-occurring tropical woody plant guilds, lianas and trees, to understand whether competing plant guilds differ in functional traits and how these differences may help to explain tropical woody plant coexistence. We examined 36 separate studies that compared a total of 140 different functional traits of co-occurring lianas and trees. We conducted a meta-analysis for ten of these functional traits, those that were present in at least five studies. We found that the mean trait value between lianas and trees differed significantly in four of the ten functional traits. Lianas differed from trees mainly in functional traits related to a faster resource acquisition life history strategy. However, the lack of difference in the remaining six functional traits indicates that lianas are not restricted to the fast end of the plant life–history continuum. Differences in functional traits between lianas and trees suggest these plant guilds may coexist in tropical forests by specializing in different life–history strategies, but there is still a significant overlap in the life–history strategies between these two competing guilds.

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Toline, C. Anna, and Michael Lynch. "Mutational divergence of life-history traits in an obligate parthenogen." Genome 37, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-005.

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Three lines of obligately parthenogenetic Daphnia were allowed to diverge for a 4-year period (approximately 150 generations) with mutation as the sole source of variability. Life-history traits and morphological characters were then surveyed for between-line differences. Significant divergence was found with respect to both number and size of offspring, with no difference in total offspring biomass. No significant differences were found in any of the other characters. These results confirm the hypothesis that purely asexual lines can accumulate enough polygenic variation via mutation to support potentially adaptive changes on a microevolutionary time scale.Key words: Daphnia, life-history trait, mutational divergence, microevolution.

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Chung, Meng-Han Joseph, Rebecca J. Fox, and Michael D. Jennions. "Male allocation to ejaculation and mating effort imposes different life history trade-offs." PLOS Biology 22, no. 5 (May 24, 2024): e3002519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002519.

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When males compete, sexual selection favors reproductive traits that increase their mating or fertilization success (pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection). It is assumed that males face a trade-off between these 2 types of sexual traits because they both draw from the same pool of resources. Consequently, allocation into mate acquisition or ejaculation should create similar trade-offs with other key life history traits. Tests of these assumptions are exceedingly rare. Males only ejaculate after they mate, and the costs of ejaculation are therefore highly confounded with those of mating effort. Consequently, little is known about how each component of reproductive allocation affects a male’s future performance. Here, we ran an experiment using a novel technique to distinguish the life history costs of mating effort and ejaculation for mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We compared manipulated males (mate without ejaculation), control males (mate and ejaculate), and naïve males (neither mate nor ejaculate) continuously housed with a female and 2 rival males. We assessed their growth, somatic maintenance, mating and fighting behavior, and sperm traits after 8 and 16 weeks. Past mating effort significantly lowered a male’s future mating effort and growth, but not his sperm production, while past sperm release significantly lowered a male’s future ejaculate quantity, but not his mating effort. Immune response was the only trait impacted by both past mating effort and past ejaculation. These findings challenge the assumption that male reproductive allocation draws from a common pool of resources to generate similar life history costs later in life. Instead, we provide clear evidence that allocation into traits under pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection have different trait-specific effects on subsequent male reproductive performance.

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Bonser, Stephen P., and Lonnie W. Aarssen. "Meristem allocation and life-history evolution in herbaceous plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 1 (January 2006): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-154.

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Generalisations of life histories in plants are often framed in terms of allocation to reproduction. For example, relative allocation to reproduction is commonly found to be higher in semelparous than in iteroparous plant species. However, the association between vegetative traits and life history has been largely unexplored. In higher plants, reproductive and vegetative function can be measured in terms of meristem allocation. Under this approach, two vegetative traits (apical dominance (the suppression of axillary meristem development) and branching intensity (the commitment of axillary meristems to branches)) can be measured as well as one reproductive trait (reproductive effort). We used phylogenetically independent contrasts to compare reproductive and vegetative function in annual semelparous and perennial iteroparous species. Twenty congeneric species pairs (each species pair represented by one semelparous and one iteroparous species) across nine families were selected based on availability of herbarium specimens. Semelparous life-history evolution was associated with higher reproductive effort. Conversely, iteroparous life-history evolution was associated with higher apical dominance. Branching intensity was not associated with life history. An evolutionary association between life history and apical dominance but not branching intensity suggests a complex relationship between allocation to vegetative traits and the evolution of plant strategies across environments.

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Palomar, Gemma, Anti Vasemägi, Freed Ahmad, Alfredo G. Nicieza, and José Manuel Cano. "Mapping of quantitative trait loci for life history traits segregating within common frog populations." Heredity 122, no. 6 (January 10, 2019): 800–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-018-0175-x.

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26

Glass, Jordan R., and Zachary R. Stahlschmidt. "Should I stay or should I go? Complex environments influence the developmental plasticity of flight capacity and flight-related trade-offs." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz073.

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Abstract Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors concurrently provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g. dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions (e.g. trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28 °C vs. 28 ± 5 °C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Using a univariate approach, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food availability promoted survival, development, growth, body size and/or reproductive investment. Using principal components as indices of resource allocation strategy, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food reduced investment into flight capacity in females. Thus, we detected a sex-specific trade-off between flight and other life-history traits that was developmentally plastic in response to variation in temperature and food availability. We develop an experimental and statistical framework to reveal shifts in correlative patterns of investment into different life-history traits. This approach can be applied to a range of biological systems to investigate how environmental complexity influences traits and trait trade-offs.

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Swanson, Eli M., and Ben Dantzer. "Insulin-like growth factor-1 is associated with life-history variation across Mammalia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1782 (May 7, 2014): 20132458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2458.

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Despite the diversity of mammalian life histories, persistent patterns of covariation have been identified, such as the ‘fast–slow’ axis of life-history covariation. Smaller species generally exhibit ‘faster’ life histories, developing and reproducing rapidly, but dying young. Hormonal mechanisms with pleiotropic effects may mediate such broad patterns of life-history variation. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is one such mechanism because heightened IGF-1 activity is related to traits associated with faster life histories, such as increased growth and reproduction, but decreased lifespan. Using comparative methods, we show that among 41 mammalian species, increased plasma IGF-1 concentrations are associated with fast life histories and altricial reproductive patterns. Interspecific path analyses show that the effects of IGF-1 on these broad patterns of life-history variation are through its direct effects on some individual life-history traits (adult body size, growth rate, basal metabolic rate) and through its indirect effects on the remaining life-history traits. Our results suggest that the role of IGF-1 as a mechanism mediating life-history variation is conserved over the evolutionary time period defining mammalian diversification, that hormone–trait linkages can evolve as a unit, and that suites of life-history traits could be adjusted in response to selection through changes in plasma IGF-1.

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Addis, Temesgen, Asmamaw Teshome, Olaf Strauch, and Ralf-Udo Ehlers. "Life history trait analysis of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave." Nematology 16, no. 8 (2014): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002819.

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Life history traits (LHT) of Steinernema riobrave strain Sr 7-12 and Sr HYB19 were assessed at 25°C in monoxenic culture using a hanging drop technique. The LHT were studied with 5 × 109, 10 × 109 and 20 × 109 cells ml−1 of Xenorhabdus cabanillasii in semi-solid Nematode Growth Gelrite. Increased X. cabanillasii densities had a significant positive influence on offspring production on both Sr 7-12 and the hybrid Sr HYB19. At the higher bacterial food density, the total fertility rate (TFR) per female of Sr 7-12 was 2022 offspring and the net reproductive rate () reached 1904 offspring. Similarly, for Sr HYB19, the TFR per female was 2434 and was 1903. The percentage offspring produced via intra-uterine development (endotokia matricida) was relatively higher at 5 × 109 bacterial cells ml−1 than at higher bacterial density, with 64% and 66% of the total offspring produced by Sr 7-12 and Sr HYB19, respectively. A positive correlation () was recorded for offspring production and bacterial food density and for female body volume with bacterial density (). Female nematodes survived longer at higher bacterial food density; however, females of both strains could not survive longer than 7.8 days, beginning from hatching and always ending 1 day after initiation of endotokia matricida. Based on LHT results, there is a potential to maximise yield of dauer juveniles in liquid culture through increasing bacterial food density.

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Shine, R., and R. A. Seigel. "A neglected life-history trait: clutch-size variance in snakes." Journal of Zoology 239, no. 2 (June 1996): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05448.x.

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Buechel, Séverine Denise, and Paul Schmid-Hempel. "Colony pace: a life-history trait affecting social insect epidemiology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1822 (January 13, 2016): 20151919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1919.

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Among colonies of social insects, the worker turnover rate (colony ‘pace’) typically shows considerable variation. This has epidemiological consequences for parasites, because in ‘fast-paced’ colonies, with short-lived workers, the time of parasite residence in a given host will be reduced, and further transmission may thus get less likely. Here, we test this idea and ask whether pace is a life-history strategy against infectious parasites. We infected bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) with the infectious gut parasite Crithidia bombi , and experimentally manipulated birth and death rates to mimic slow and fast pace. We found that fewer workers and, importantly, fewer last-generation workers that are responsible for rearing sexuals were infected in colonies with faster pace. This translates into increased fitness in fast-paced colonies, as daughter queens exposed to fewer infected workers in the nest are less likely to become infected themselves, and have a higher chance of founding their own colonies in the next year. High worker turnover rate can thus act as a strategy of defence against a spreading infection in social insect colonies.

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Hunt, John, Robert Brooks, and Michael D. Jennions. "Female Mate Choice as a Condition‐Dependent Life‐History Trait." American Naturalist 166, no. 1 (July 2005): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430672.

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32

Elliott, Sophie A. M., Alexandre Carpentier, Eric Feunteun, and Thomas Trancart. "Distribution and life history trait models indicate vulnerability of skates." Progress in Oceanography 181 (February 2020): 102256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102256.

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Owens, Ian P. F., and Ken Wilson. "Immunocompetence: a neglected life history trait or conspicuous red herring?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14, no. 5 (May 1999): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01580-8.

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34

Wolf, Jana I., Pekka Punttila, and Perttu Seppä. "Life-history trait variation in a queen-size dimorphic ant." Ecological Entomology 43, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12662.

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35

Ohlberger, Jan, Øystein Langangen, Eric Edeline, Esben Moland Olsen, Ian J. Winfield, Janice M. Fletcher, J. Ben James, Nils Christian Stenseth, and Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad. "Pathogen-induced rapid evolution in a vertebrate life-history trait." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1702 (July 28, 2010): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0960.

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Zietsch, Brendan P., and Morgan J. Sidari. "A critique of life history approaches to human trait covariation." Evolution and Human Behavior 41, no. 6 (November 2020): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.05.007.

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Wilsterman, Kathryn, Mattina M. Alonge, Darcy K. Ernst, Cody Limber, Lisa A. Treidel, and George E. Bentley. "Flexibility in an emergency life-history stage: acute food deprivation prevents sickness behaviour but not the immune response." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (June 17, 2020): 20200842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0842.

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The emergency life-history stage (ELHS) can be divided into two subcategories that describe distinct, coordinated responses to disease- or non-disease-related physiological challenges. Whether an individual can simultaneously express aspects of both subcategories when faced with multiple challenges is poorly understood. Emergency life-history theory suggests that disease- and non-disease-related responses are coordinated at the level of the whole organism and therefore cannot be expressed simultaneously. However, the reactive scope and physiological regulatory network models suggest that traits can be independently regulated, allowing for components of both disease- and non-disease-related responses to be simultaneously expressed within a single organism. To test these ideas experimentally, we subjected female zebra finches to food deprivation, an immune challenge, both, or neither, and measured a suite of behavioural and physiological traits involved in the ELHS. We examined whether the trait values expressed by birds experiencing simultaneous challenges resembled trait values of birds experiencing a single challenge or if birds could express a mixture of trait values concurrently. We find that birds can respond to simultaneous challenges by regulating components of the behavioural and immune responses independently of one another. Modularity within these physio-behavioural networks adds additional dimensions to how we evaluate the intensity or quality of an ELHS. Whether modularity provides fitness advantages or costs in nature remains to be determined.

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Keightley, Peter D., and Ohmi Ohnishi. "EMS-Induced Polygenic Mutation Rates for Nine Quantitative Characters in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 148, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.2.753.

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Abstract Polygenic mutations were induced by treating Drosophila melanogaster adult males with 2.5 mm EMS. The treated second chromosomes, along with untreated controls, were then made homozygous, and five life history, two behavioral, and two morphological traits were measured. EMS mutagenesis led to reduced performance for life history traits. Changes in means and increments in genetic variance were relatively much higher for life history than for morphological traits, implying large differences in mutational target size. Maximum likelihood was used to estimate mutation rates and parameters of distributions of mutation effects, but parameters were strongly confounded with one another. Several traits showed evidence of leptokurtic distributions of effects and mean effects smaller than a few percent of trait means. Distributions of effects for all traits were strongly asymmetrical, and most mutations were deleterious. Correlations between life history mutation effects were positive. Mutation parameters for one generation of spontaneous mutation were predicted by scaling parameter estimates from the EMS experiment, extrapolated to the whole genome. Predicted mutational coefficients of variation were in good agreement with published estimates. Predicted changes in means were up to 0.14% or 0.6% for life history traits, depending on the model of scaling assumed.

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Zablocki-Thomas, Pauline B., Anthony Herrel, Caitlin J. Karanewsky, Fabienne Aujard, and Emmanuelle Pouydebat. "Heritability and genetic correlations of personality, life history and morphology in the grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus )." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 190632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190632.

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The recent interest in animal personality has sparked a number of studies on the heritability of personality traits. Yet, how the sources variance these traits can be decomposed remains unclear. Moreover, whether genetic correlations with life-history traits, personality traits and other phenotypic traits exist as predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis remains poorly understood. Our aim was to compare the heritability of personality, life-history and morphological traits and their potential genetic correlations in a small primate ( Microcebus murinus ). We performed an animal model analysis on six traits measured in a large sample of captive mouse lemurs ( N = 486). We chose two personality traits, two life-history traits and two morphological traits to (i) estimate the genetic and/or environmental contribution to their variance, and (ii) test for genetic correlations between these traits. We found modest narrow-sense heritability for personality traits, morphological traits and life-history traits. Other factors including maternal effects also influence the sources of variation in life-history and morphological traits. We found genetic correlations between emergence latency on the one hand and radius length and growth rate on the other hand. Emergence latency was also genetically correlated with birth weight and was influenced by maternal identity. These results provide insights into the influence of genes and maternal effects on the partitioning of sources of variation in personality, life-history and morphological traits in a captive primate model and suggest that the pace-of-life syndrome may be partly explained by genetic trait covariances.

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Whiting, James R., Josephine R. Paris, Paul J. Parsons, Sophie Matthews, Yuridia Reynoso, Kimberly A. Hughes, David Reznick, and Bonnie A. Fraser. "On the genetic architecture of rapidly adapting and convergent life history traits in guppies." Heredity 128, no. 4 (March 8, 2022): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41437-022-00512-6.

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AbstractThe genetic basis of traits shapes and constrains how adaptation proceeds in nature; rapid adaptation can proceed using stores of polygenic standing genetic variation or hard selective sweeps, and increasing polygenicity fuels genetic redundancy, reducing gene re-use (genetic convergence). Guppy life history traits evolve rapidly and convergently among natural high- and low-predation environments in northern Trinidad. This system has been studied extensively at the phenotypic level, but little is known about the underlying genetic architecture. Here, we use four independent F2 QTL crosses to examine the genetic basis of seven (five female, two male) guppy life history phenotypes and discuss how these genetic architectures may facilitate or constrain rapid adaptation and convergence. We use RAD-sequencing data (16,539 SNPs) from 370 male and 267 female F2 individuals. We perform linkage mapping, estimates of genome-wide and per-chromosome heritability (multi-locus associations), and QTL mapping (single-locus associations). Our results are consistent with architectures of many loci of small-effect for male age and size at maturity and female interbrood period. Male trait associations are clustered on specific chromosomes, but female interbrood period exhibits a weak genome-wide signal suggesting a potentially highly polygenic component. Offspring weight and female size at maturity are also associated with a single significant QTL each. These results suggest rapid, repeatable phenotypic evolution of guppies may be facilitated by polygenic trait architectures, but subsequent genetic redundancy may limit gene re-use across populations, in agreement with an absence of strong signatures of genetic convergence from recent analyses of wild guppies.

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Husby, Arild, Takeshi Kawakami, Lars Rönnegård, Linnéa Smeds, Hans Ellegren, and Anna Qvarnström. "Genome-wide association mapping in a wild avian population identifies a link between genetic and phenotypic variation in a life-history trait." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1806 (May 7, 2015): 20150156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0156.

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Understanding the genetic basis of traits involved in adaptation is a major challenge in evolutionary biology but remains poorly understood. Here, we use genome-wide association mapping using a custom 50 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array in a natural population of collared flycatchers to examine the genetic basis of clutch size, an important life-history trait in many animal species. We found evidence for an association on chromosome 18 where one SNP significant at the genome-wide level explained 3.9% of the phenotypic variance. We also detected two suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 9 and 26. Fitness differences among genotypes were generally weak and not significant, although there was some indication of a sex-by-genotype interaction for lifetime reproductive success at the suggestive QTL on chromosome 26. This implies that sexual antagonism may play a role in maintaining genetic variation at this QTL. Our findings provide candidate regions for a classic avian life-history trait that will be useful for future studies examining the molecular and cellular function of, as well as evolutionary mechanisms operating at, these loci.

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Taylor, Brett M., and Eric Cruz. "Age-based and reproductive biology of the Pacific Longnose Parrotfish Hipposcarus longiceps from Guam." PeerJ 5 (November 29, 2017): e4079. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4079.

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The Pacific longnose parrotfish Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes 1840) represents a prime fishery resource throughout much of the tropical Pacific. In this study, we sampled the species from the Guam commercial fishery market across five consecutive years to characterize reproductive and age-based demographic information imperative for informed fishery management. Compared with other parrotfishes, this species was found to be large-bodied, but has only a moderate life span of 10 + years. Hipposcarus longiceps was confirmed as a diandric protogynous hermaphrodite with highly sex-specific growth patterns and an overall mean asymptotic length of 434 mm fork length (FL). Females were estimated to reach median maturity at 329 mm FL (2.4 years) and have a median length at female-to-male sex change of 401 mm FL. Life-history trait values derived here were used to update previous models relating life history and vulnerability to overexploitation. We found that enhancement of just one species’ trait values improved model fits considerably, which strengthens the conclusion that life-history traits are a strong determinant of species’ vulnerability in the parrotfishes. This information is an imperative complement to other data sources facilitating formal stock assessment of a key fishery target.

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BRČIĆ-KOSTIĆ, KRUNOSLAV. "Neutral mutation as the source of genetic variation in life history traits." Genetical Research 86, no. 1 (August 2005): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672305007688.

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The mechanism underlying the maintenance of adaptive genetic variation is a long-standing question in evolutionary genetics. There are two concepts (mutation–selection balance and balancing selection) which are based on the phenotypic differences between alleles. Mutation – selection balance and balancing selection cannot properly explain the process of gene substitution, i.e. the molecular evolution of quantitative trait loci affecting fitness. I assume that such loci have non-essential functions (small effects on fitness), and that they have the potential to evolve into new functions and acquire new adaptations. Here I show that a high amount of neutral polymorphism at these loci can exist in real populations. Consistent with this, I propose a hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation in life history traits which can be efficient for the fixation of alleles with very small selective advantage. The hypothesis is based on neutral polymorphism at quantitative trait loci and both neutral and adaptive gene substitutions. The model of neutral – adaptive conversion (NAC) assumes that neutral alleles are not neutral indefinitely, and that in specific and very rare situations phenotypic (relative fitness) differences between them can appear. In this paper I focus on NAC due to phenotypic plasticity of neutral alleles. The important evolutionary consequence of NAC could be the increased adaptive potential of a population. Loci responsible for adaptation should be fast evolving genes with minimally discernible phenotypic effects, and the recent discovery of genes with such characteristics implicates them as suitable candidates for loci involved in adaptation.

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Issa, Semona, Marlène Gamelon, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Kristine Vike-Jonas, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Veerle L. B. Jaspers, and Sigurd Einum. "Dopamine mediates life-history responses to food abundance in Daphnia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 2020): 20201069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1069.

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Expression of adaptive reaction norms of life-history traits to spatio-temporal variation in food availability is crucial for individual fitness. Yet little is known about the neural signalling mechanisms underlying these reaction norms. Previous studies suggest a role for the dopamine system in regulating behavioural and morphological responses to food across a wide range of taxa. We tested whether this neural signalling system also regulates life-history reaction norms by exposing the zooplankton Daphnia magna to both dopamine and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion, an antidepressant that enters aquatic environments via various pathways. We recorded a range of life-history traits across two food levels. Both treatments induced changes to the life-history reaction norm slopes. These were due to the effects of the treatments being more pronounced at restricted food ration, where controls had lower somatic growth rates, higher age and larger size at maturation. This translated into a higher population growth rate ( r ) of dopamine and bupropion treatments when food was restricted. Our findings show that the dopamine system is an important regulatory mechanism underlying life-history trait responses to food abundance and that bupropion can strongly influence the life history of aquatic species such as D. magna . We discuss why D. magna do not evolve towards higher endogenous dopamine levels despite the apparent fitness benefits.

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Eckerström‐Liedholm, Simon, Will Sowersby, Sergey Morozov, Wouter Bijl, Piotr K. Rowiński, Alejandro Gonzalez‐Voyer, and Björn Rogell. "Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history." Evolution 73, no. 11 (October 21, 2019): 2312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13845.

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Mims, M. C., J. D. Olden, Z. R. Shattuck, and N. L. Poff. "Life history trait diversity of native freshwater fishes in North America." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 19, no. 3 (August 15, 2010): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00422.x.

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Zhou, Hong-Zhang. "Reproduction ofLagria hirta(Coleoptera: Lagriidae) and Its Life-History Trait Correlation." Environmental Entomology 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-30.4.686.

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Chagnon, Pierre-Luc, Robert L. Bradley, Hafiz Maherali, and John N. Klironomos. "A trait-based framework to understand life history of mycorrhizal fungi." Trends in Plant Science 18, no. 9 (September 2013): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2013.05.001.

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KIM, S. Y., H. DRUMMOND, R. TORRES, and A. VELANDO. "Evolvability of an avian life history trait declines with father’s age." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24, no. 2 (November 2, 2010): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02165.x.

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50

Dölle, Michaela, Markus Bernhardt-Römermann, Andreas Parth, and Wolfgang Schmidt. "Changes in life history trait composition during undisturbed old-field succession." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 203, no. 6 (August 2008): 508–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.07.005.

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