Дисертації з теми "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"
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Cossutta, Matteo. "Life cycle analysis of graphene in a supercapacitor application." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33411/.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Wah-man, and 陳華民. "Application of life cycle analysis (LCA) to consumer product development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255140.
Повний текст джерелаTaneda, Makoto. "Application of life cycle costing method to a renovation project." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70276.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 115-116).
In this study, we have examined the application of Lee analysis method to the construction and renovation stages of a building project. The application of the Lee analysis is currently limited to the very early stages of a project life, namely at the concept and design stages. We propose application of the Lee method, with several modifications, to the construction and renovation stages. The simplified Lee method is proposed and examined in the first two case studies. The simplified method limits the range and complexity of data inputs, and is intended to be an Lee used by engineers practicing in the construction industry. In the third case study, the "Lee per square-foot", which implements the concept of the "square-foot" cost estimating, is proposed. This method is intended to be used to assess the residual value and to estimate running costs of an existing building. Necessary modifications of the Lee, as well as the accuracy and limits of these new methods are examined through three case studies.
by Makoto Taneda.
M.S.
Shetye, Nitish. "Life-Cycle Energy Analysis of a High Strength Steel Application." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290157.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Wah-man. "Application of life cycle analysis (LCA) to consumer product development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2543889x.
Повний текст джерелаKing, Barbara M. "A Software Development Life-Cycle Model for Web-Based Application Development." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/636.
Повний текст джерелаTaylor, Tracy A. "Optimal Control and Its Application to the Life-Cycle Savings Problem." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4288.
Повний текст джерелаCronje, Danie. "Risk management in the application of the systems development life cycle." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28259.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Graduate School of Management
unrestricted
曾伯裕 and Pak-yu Tsang. "Application of life cycle costing (LCC) technique in Hong Kong warehouse industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251626.
Повний текст джерелаStorey, Stefan. "Application of life-cycle approaches for the evaluation of high performance buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46591.
Повний текст джерелаCheaitou, Ali. "Stochastic models for production-Inventory planning : application to short life-cycle products." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1066.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Supply Chain Management domain, the main source of randomness is the future demand. The influence of this demand variabilityon the performance of the Supply Chain is very important: for example, in 2007 the global inventory shortage rate in the retail industrywere around 8. 3%. On the other hand, in 2003 the global Unsaleable products cost around 1% in the grocery industry. These two types ofcosts, which are mainly caused by the uncertainty of the future demand, represent important lost for the whole Supply Chain actors. This Ph. D. Dissertation aims at developing mathematical production planning and inventory management models, which take intoconsideration the randomness of the future demand in order to reduce its economic negative impact, essentially for short life cycleproducts. We provide many planning models that consider the main issues of the planning problems, such as the production capacities,the information updating processes, the supply contracts and the advanced capacity reservation in a total costs minimization context. Weconsider in these models some aspects that are not considered in the literature, such as the “Payback” or the return options. Weemphasize also on an important issue that characterize the globalization of the industry, which may be resumed in the difference betweenthe procurement costs of the different suppliers. This issue is considered in the most chapters presenting models for short life cycleproducts and in the last chapter it is generalized to a long life cycle products setting. All the presented models are solved eitheranalytically or numerically using the dynamic stochastic programming
Tsang, Pak-yu. "Application of life cycle costing (LCC) technique in Hong Kong warehouse industry /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949664.
Повний текст джерелаRice, Gareth. "The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to industrial process selection (with the BOC Group), and, The application of life cycle thinking to industrial process improvement (with Borax Consolidated)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594156.
Повний текст джерелаDitsele, Ofentse. "Application of life cycle assessment to estimate environmental impacts of surface coal mining." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Ditsele_09007dcc807d4fd7.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 15, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).
Mungkung, Rattanawan. "Shrimp aquaculture in Thailand : application of life cycle assessment to support sustainable development." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412085.
Повний текст джерелаClarke, John D. "Life cycle cost : an examination of its application in the United States, and potential for use in the Australian Defense Forces /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA236834.
Повний текст джерелаThesis Advisor(s): Sovereign, Michael G. ; Hart, Neil E. "June 1990." Description based on signature page as viewed on October 19, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Life cycle costs, cost analysis, military forces (foreign), accounting, direct costs, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Life cycle cost, operating and support cost, life support cost, Australian Defense Forces, total cost of ownership. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-105). Also available online.
Liljenström, Carolina. "Life Cycle Assessment in Early Planning of Road Infrastructure : Application of The LICCER-model." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136991.
Повний текст джерелаTransportsektorn står för en betydande del av samhällets energiförbrukning och utsläpp av växthusgaser. Vid planering av nya vägar är det främst direkta trafikrelaterade utsläpp som beaktas. Det har dock visats att byggande, drift och underhåll av väginfrastruktur kan stå för en viktig del av en vägs miljöbelastning. Livscykelanalys (LCA) är en metod för kvantifiering av en produkts miljöpåverkan, från utvinning av råvaror till avfallshantering. En LCA-modell för bedömning av växthusgasutsläpp och energianvändning under en vägs livscykel är under utveckling i projektet LICCER (Life Cycle Considerations in EIA of Road Infrastrucutre - Livscykelbedömning i MKB för väginfrastruktur). Modellen är avsedd att användas i tidiga planeringsstadier, i val av vägkorridor och konstruktionstyp (väg, bro eller tunnel). Detta examensarbete bidrar till LICCER-projektet genom att utvärdera LICCER-modellens möjligheter att visa skillnader mellan vägkorridorer och genom att analysera hur andra LCA-modeller för väg kan komplettera LICCER-modellen. LICCER-modellen tillämpas på en fallstudie för utvärdering av tre vägkorridorer baserat på data tillgänglig i förstudien. Resultatet visar att produktion av bitumen, sprängämnen och aggregat, samt schaktning av jord och berg bidrar mest till utsläpp av växthusgaser och energianvändning. En känslighetsanalys utförs för att analysera hur resultatet från fallstudien kan komma att ändras då förändringar görs i de indata som används. Stora förändringar kan ses för ändringar i volym utgrävt berg, bränsleförbrukning för schaktning, antagande om massbalans och framtida andel av bränslen och val av emissionsfaktorer för aggregat och bitumen. Rankningen mellan alternativ kan komma att ändras för andra antaganden om utgrävda volymer berg i de olika vägkorridorerna. LICCER-modellen och EFFEKT är relativt lika, men stora skillnader kan ses mellan JOULESAVE och LICCER-modellen. Det är därför en väsentlig skillnad mellan resultat av studier utförda med JOULESAVE och LICCER-modellen, även om samma vägkorridorer analyseras. LICCER-modellen kan kompletteras med ytterligare konstruktionsaktiviteter från JOULESAVE men andra modeller skulle kunna komplettera LICCER-modellen bättre under detta stadie av modellutvecklingen, t.ex. genom att tillhandahålla emissions- och energifaktorer, eller metoder för att uppskatta osäkerheten i resultatet. Studien visar att det är möjligt att använda LCA-metodik och LCA-modeller såsom LICCER-modellen i början av planeringen av väginfrastruktur för val av vägkorridor och/eller konstruktionstyp och att data tillgänglig i förstudien kan användas för att utvärdera en vägkorridor även ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Studien visar möjligheter och begränsningar med att utföra LCA i tidiga planeringsstadier för väginfrastruktur och kan som sådan ge användbar information inte bara till LICCER-projektet, utan också för de som bygger och planerar väg, och för utvecklandet av LCA-metodologi för väginfrastruktur.
Azapagic, Adisa. "Environmental system analysis : the application of linear programming to life cycle assessment. Volume 1." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2146/.
Повний текст джерелаBabak, I., and E. Druzhinin. "Computer-Aided Design System Application at Conceptual Stage of Unmanned Air Vehicle Life Cycle." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47035.
Повний текст джерелаNigge, K. M. "Life cycle assessment of natural gas vehicles : development and application of site-dependent impact indicators /." Berlin : Springer, 2000. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3540672737.
Повний текст джерелаQuirós, Vargas Roberto. "Life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste technologies, organic waste, and compost application to crops." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283943.
Повний текст джерелаEl aumento en la generación de residuos sólidos municipales (RSM) debido al crecimiento de la población y nuevos patrones de consumo es un asunto importante en la Unión Europea (UE) y para la mayoría de países alrededor del mundo. Políticas para la gestión de los RSM de una manera sostenible han sido componentes claves en las directivas de la UE (Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC). Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo estudiar tecnologías para el tratamiento de los RSM y evaluar los impactos ambientales originados por usar la materia orgánica como fertilizante en cultivos. Los estudios están basado en el análisis del ciclo de vida usando las metodologías de CML and ReCipe. Capítulo 2, se refiere a la evaluación ambiental de la autoclave, la cual es una tecnología normalmente utilizada para la esterilización de residuos farmacéuticos. Esta tecnología ofrece la posibilidad de recuperar una parte importante de los RSM mezclados tales como: la fibra orgánica (OF) y los reciclables. Los resultados de la evaluación ambiental de los sistemas (autoclave + separación + tratamiento biológico) fueron comparados con incineración y vertedero. Los resultados indicaron que los sistemas que consideraron la digestión anaeróbica tuvieron los menores impactos para las categorías de eutrofización y calentamiento global. Mientras que, incineración tuvo los mejores resultados para el resto de las categorías estudiadas. Capítulo 3 corresponde al segundo caso de estudio el cual se llevó a cabo para comparar los resultados ambientales y agronómicos de dos composts (industrial y casero) con fertilizantes minerales. Los fertilizantes fueron aplicados a cultivos de coliflor. Los resultados mostraron un mejor rendimiento agronómico (fruta· ha-1) para los cultivos fertilizados con fertilizante mineral pero el mejor desempeño ambiental fue para los cultivos fertilizados con el compost casero. Capítulo 4, corresponde al tercer caso de estudio, en el cual dos composts caseros fueron producidos por dos sistemas de gestión de producción diferentes en los cuales se observaron diferencias significativas en términos de emisiones. Emisiones de metano, óxido nitroso y amoniaco fueron experimentalmente medidos para ambos composts. Los resultados mostraron que las emisiones de óxido nitroso, y metano contribuyeron considerablemente en la categoría de calentamiento global. Mientras que las emisiones de amoniaco contribuyeron en las categorías de acidificación, eutrofización y oxidación fotoquímica. Se observó que esas emisiones gaseosas dependen considerablemente de las prácticas de gestión cuando se produce el compost, tales como: calidad y tipo de residuos, frecuencia de mezclado del material, control riguroso de algunas características físico-químicas tales como: humedad, pH, y temperatura, entre otras. Capítulo 6, corresponde al cuarto caso de estudio en el cual se comparó el desempeño ambiental de fertilizantes orgánicos y minerales en una secuencia de cultivos de coliflor y tomate. Además se compararon dos procedimientos para la asignación del compost a los cultivos. El primero estuvo basado en el tiempo de duración del cultivo y el otro en el grado de mineralización del nitrógeno en el suelo. En general, el cultivo de coliflor mostró un mejor desempeño ambiental que el del tomate en todas las categorías de impacto estudiadas. Por otro lado, en ambos cultivos, el tratamiento de fertilización realizado con compost casero mostró un menor impacto ambiental que el compost industrial y el fertilizante mineral en la mayoría de las categorías estudiadas. Por otro lado, los impactos totales de la secuencia de cultivos (suma de impactos de la coliflor y el tomate) fueron menores que los impactos individuales (coliflor y tomate) para los tres tratamientos de fertilización. Finalmente, la tesis incluye recomendaciones para la producción y gestión de los residuos orgánicos (Capítulo 5). Estas recomendaciones se enfocaron en la producción de compost doméstico y su aplicación en horticultura. Se incluye el modelo V2V “vegetables to vegetables” que es un modelo de bucle cerrado empezando desde la generación de residuos de cultivos (hortalizas, vegetales y frutas) hasta que los mismos son transformados nuevamente en fertilizantes orgánicos para ser aplicados en cultivos.
The increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) due to population growth and new patterns of consumption is an important issue for European Union (EU) and countries around the world. Policies for managing MSW in a sustainable manner have been key components of EU directives (Directives 1999/31/EC and 2008/98/EC). This doctoral thesis aims to study technologies for the treatment of MSW and assess the environmental impacts of using organic waste to fertilize crop in order to optimize resources and reduce waste. The studies are based on life cycle analysis using CML and ReCipe methodologies. Chapter 2 is dedicated to the assessment of autoclaving a technology normally used for the sterilization of pharmaceutical waste. This technology offers the possibility of recovering the valuable portion of mixed MSW such as the organic fiber (OF). The processes of autoclaving, sorting and biological treatment were compared to two known technologies: incineration and landfill. The results showed that the systems which considered the anaerobic digestion had the lowest impacts in eutrophication potential and global warming potential. Meanwhile, incineration had the best results for the remainder five impact categories studied. On the other hand, landfill had the highest impact in all studied categories. Chapter 3, the second case study was carried out to compare the environmental and agronomical results of two composts (industrial and home) with mineral fertilizers. Fertilizers were applied to horticultural cauliflower crops. The results showed a better yield (fruit · ha-1) for the crops fertilized with mineral fertilizers but the best environmental performance was for the crops fertilized with home compost. Chapter 4, the third case study, two home composts were produced by two different methods (i.e. production management), resulting in significant differences in terms of emissions. Emissions of methane, nitrous oxides and ammonia were experimentally measured for both composts. The results showed that nitrous oxides and methane emissions contributed considerably the category of global warming potential. While ammonia emissions contributed to the categories of acidification potential, eutrophication and photochemical oxidation. It was observed that these gaseous emissions depend on the management practices employed when producing the compost such as: quality and type of waste stream, frequency mixing of the composting material, rigorous control of some physico-chemical characteristics (humidity, pH, temperature, etc.), among others. Chapter 6, the fourth case study was carried out to compare the environmental performance of organic and mineral fertilizer in a crop sequence of cauliflower and tomato. Furthermore, two procedures for allocating life cycle impacts to crops were also studied. The first one was based on time allocation and the other one in the mineralization N degree in soil. In general, the results showed a better environmental performance for cauliflower crop than tomato in all impact categories considered. Meanwhile, in both crops, the fertilization treatment with home compost showed the lowest impacts than industrial compost and mineral fertilizers in the most impact categories studied. Additionally, the total impacts for the crop sequence (sum of impacts of cauliflower and tomato) were lower than single (i.e. cauliflower and tomato) impacts for the three fertilization treatments. Finally, the dissertation also includes guidelines for organic waste management (Chapter 5). These guidelines focused on domestic compost production and its application in horticulture. The guidelines show the V2V “vegetables to vegetables” model, a closed loop model starting from food waste (e.g. vegetables and fruits) compost until it is again transformed in organic fertilizer to be applied to crops. The guidelines are targeted towards farmers and anyone interested in domestic compost production.
Ross, Stephen Alexander. "Biological and environmental efficiency of high producing dairy systems through application of life cycle analysis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9770.
Повний текст джерелаAljarman, Moshabab. "Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007262/.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Ruonan. "Application of Techno-Ecological Synergies in Life Cycle Assessment (TES-LCA) to soybean-based biodiesel." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555456706070967.
Повний текст джерелаHerzog, Michael Andreas. "Machine and component residual life estimation through the application of neural networks." Pretoria [S.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10252007-131736/.
Повний текст джерелаVan, der Walt Janette. "The application of life cycle assessments (LCA's) in the chemical industry / by Janette van der Walt." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/64.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MSc)--PU for CHE, 1999.
Gulla, Joseph G. "Design and Implementation of a Prototype Toolset for Full Life-Cycle Management of Web-Based Application." NSUWorks, 2002. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/557.
Повний текст джерелаKunene, Makhosazane Chucky. "Life cycle assessment of the production of xanthate salts and of their application for ARD mitigation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15597.
Повний текст джерелаStamford, Laurence James. "Life cycle sustainability assessment of electricity generation : a methodology and an application in the UK context." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/life-cycle-sustainability-assessment-of-electricity-generation-a-methodology-and-an-application-in-the-uk-context(e4d76ed6-7247-4435-81db-505895067dd0).html.
Повний текст джерелаEriksson, Malin. "Life Cycle Assessment of Civil Engineering Works : And Application of European Standards on the Mälar Project." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254779.
Повний текст джерелаI detta examensarbete konstrueras ett ramverk för hur en livscykelanalys kan utförasinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Det finns många olika riktlinjer för hur enlivscykelanalys kan utföras och i detta examensarbete utforskas en metod för projektinom väg- och vattenbyggnad. Arbetet följer strukturen ur EN 15804 sombeskriver hur man bedömer byggprodukter. Ett arbetsexemplar av en ny, möjligstandard på Europanivå för miljöbedömning av projekt inom väg- och vatten användsockså i processen. Det som bedöms via livscykelanalys i denna studie är deingående materialen, stål och betong, i hållväggarna som byggs längs med kanalenvid Södertälje Hamn. Detta är en del av ett större projekt, kallat Mälarprojektet.Livscyklerna för denna typ av projekt är oftast väldigt långa vilket skapar enosäkerhet i data då påverkan för senare delar av livscykeln behöver uppskattas.Problematiken som presenteras handlar mycket om hur modulerna för livscykelnska behandlas för denna typ av projekt.Exempeldata samlades in för de olika modulerna och presenterades i tabellersom täcker alla relevanta delar av livscykeln. Resultatet av exempeldatan visadeatt den mesta påverkan kom från produktstadiet. De slutsatser som dras är attinsamlingen av data bör vara en integrerad del av företagets arbetsmetod fören effektiv process, miljödeklarationer är en bra källa till data och standards påEuropanivå ger bra guidelinjer för hur en livscykelanalys kan utföras för liknandeprojekt.
Van, der Walt Lizenka. "The application of necessary but not sufficient principles to the implementation of product lifecycle management software." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1261.
Повний текст джерелаDennison, Fiona Joan. "Application of Life Cycle Assessment in the water industry as a tool to support strategic decision-making." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325722.
Повний текст джерелаKobayashi, H. "An application of probabilistic life-cycle cost analysis to the construction and maintenance of reinforced concrete bridges /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Повний текст джерелаClark, David. "Terotechnology : its application to the Australian coal mining industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36236/1/36236_Clark_1995.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMuñoz, Ortiz Ivan. "Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool for Green Chemistry: Application to Different Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3223.
Повний текст джерела- La cuantificación de los avances alcanzados mediante la aplicación de los principios de la Química Verde requiere herramientas, habiéndose mostrado la potencial utilidad del ACV en este ámbito mediante dos casos de estudio sobre PAOs.
- Se ha mostrado la posibilidad de aplicar el ACV tanto al nivel más básico de la Química Verde (laboratorio) hasta el más avanzado (aplicación comercial). Sin embargo los resultados obtenidos mediante ACVs basados en datos de laboratorio no necesariamente coinciden con los obtenidos en un estudio detallado, debido a: 1) falta de optimización de los procesos en laboratorio y 2) exclusión de procesos o fases del ciclo de vida que pueden ser relevantes, debido a la falta de datos. Por ello, tales estudios deben ser utilizados únicamente como evaluaciones preliminares.
- El ACV despliega su potencialidad en estudios detallados, utilizando datos originados a escala piloto o industrial. Asimismo, el CCV se presenta como un complemento muy apropiado para el ACV, principalmente también en el caso de estudios detallados.
The goal of the thesis is to contribute to the acceptance of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a methodological tool for environmental evaluation of chemical processes designed by following the guidelines of Green Chemistry. This work also intends to complement and to integrate in the same framework the environmental assessment with the respective economic assessment, taking into account a life cycle perspective as well. In order to demonstrate the potential suitability of the LCA tool in this context, two case studies are carried out on the subject of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for treating industrial wastewaters containing persistent organic pollutants. In particular, the evaluated AOP technologies are: heterogeneous photocatalysis, homogeneous photo-Fenton, and ozonation. The first case study is carried out by exclusively using data derived from laboratory experiments, while the second case study is more detailed, and carried out by using data from pilot plants and industrial plants. Both studies include, along with the environmental assessment, the corresponding economic assessment, based on Life Cycle Costing (LCC). Following these studies, a discussion is made on the suitability of LCA in the context of chemical processes depending on the scale of analysis. Finally, the overall conclusions of the thesis are outlined, which can be summarised as follows:
- In order to assess the advances derived from applying Green Chemistry principles in the design of chemicals and chemical processes, methodological tools are needed. This thesis supports that LCA can be used for such a purpose, as has been shown by means of two case studies on AOPs.
- Application of LCA can be carried out at several stages: from the most basic, namely the laboratory scale, to the most advanced, namely commercial application. However, results obtained by means LCA studies based exclusively on laboratory-derived data do not necessarily match the results obtained in a detailed LCAs, mainly due to: 1) lack of optimization of the conditions in which the chemical process takes place in laboratory tests, and 2) excluding relevant operations or life cycle phases which are hardly quantifiable when evaluated from laboratory tests. For this reason, it is suggested that laboratory-derived LCAs should be used only as a means of obtaining preliminary environmental information.
- The potential of LCA as a tool is displayed when detailed studies, based on large-scale application data, are carried out. The LCC tool, on the other hand, presents itself as a very suitable complement, mainly when performing detailed studies.
Pettersen, Johan. "Overall Evaluation of Offshore Drilling Fluid Technology: Development and Application of Life- cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment Methods." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1828.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this thesis is to provide the means for discussion of overall benefits of alternative offshore drilling technologies. Life-cycle assessment is used to assess environmental impact of alternative drilling technologies. Life-cycle assessment is well-suited for relative comparison and it offers the broad perspective necessary to evaluate overall performance.
Several methodological developments are made within the framework of life-cycle assessment to support the evaluation of offshore drilling fluid technology.
Offshore discharges to the marine environment during drilling operations are pulse emissions. The relative marine aquatic ecotoxic impact of pulse emissions compared to continuous emission processes is investigated by transient dispersion modeling.
Occupational health is an important decision objective for offshore operations. Crane-lifts are an important cause of accidents with human health damages on drilling rigs. A characterization factor for offshore crane-lifts is developed to include occupational health in life-cycle assessment.
Long-term release of metals from solid wastes is important for the ecotoxicity of drilling wastes. A review is presented that considers the current and possible solutions to address long-term leaching processes in life-cycle assessment.
An overall evaluation of offshore drilling fluid technology is performed. The study assesses the relative life-cycle performance of alternatives for density control in drilling fluids (ilmenite versus barite), offshore loading systems (crane-lifts versus a hydraulic system), base drilling fluids (water-base versus oil-base), and waste treatment of cuttings drilled with water-based drilling fluid (offshore discharge versus onshore treatment). A well located in the Barents Sea is used as reference.
Results are interpreted using Monte Carlo simulation. Preferred alternatives from an overall evaluation are proposed.
This thesis illustrates the challenges of life-cycle assessment. Most product systems require adaptation and development of methods for proper evaluation of impacts and results that meet requirements for decision objective attributes.
Shu, Lily Hwei-Li. "Application of a design-for-remanufacture framework to the selection of product life-cycle fastening and joining methods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10917.
Повний текст джерелаMunyongani, Veronica. "Application of life cycle assessment in process design: case study on SO₂ abatement technologies in the PGM sector." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24876.
Повний текст джерелаYudhistira, Ryutaka. "Comparative life cycle assessment of different lithium-ion battery chemistries and lead-acid batteries for grid storage application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300116.
Повний текст джерелаMed den snabba ökningen av förnybar energi i elnäten, fortsätter behovet av energilagring att växa. En av de tekniker som växer intresse för energilagring på nyttan är litiumjon batteriets energilagringssystem. Emellertid, deras miljöpåverkan ifrågasätts oundvikligen mot blysyrabatteri lagringssystem. Därför syftar denna studie till att göra en komparativ livscykelanalys (LCA) för att komparera miljöpåverkan av att använda litiumjonbatterier och blybatterier för stationära applikationer, särskilt för nätlagring. I denna forskning genomfördes en vagga-till-grav-LCA (eller cradle-to-grave i engelska) för tre litiumjonbatterikemi (litium järn fosfat, nickel kobolt mangan, och nickel cobalt aluminium). Effektkategorier anpassades till miljökonsekvensbedömning metoden som beskrivs av Europeiska kommissionen. Det användningsfall scenariot för batterierna var standby läget, där batterierna leverera 4800 kWh elektrisk energi för 20 år. Följaktligen den funktionella unit är i ‘per kWh levererad energi’. Blysyrabatteriet hade följande ungefärliga miljöpåverkansvärden (i per kWh levererad energi): 2 kg CO2-eq. för climate change, 33 MJ för fossil resource use, 0.02 mol H+-eq. för acidification, 10-7 disease incidence för particulate emission, and 8x10-4 kg Sb-eq. för minerals resource use. Tillbaka till litiumjonbatterierna, för climate change och fossil resource use resursanvändnings kategorier, den bäst presterande var litiumjonbatteriet nickel kobolt aluminium (NCA). Det hade 46% och 45% mindre påverkan än blysyrabatteriet för respektive kategori. Å andra sidan, var nickel mangan kobolt (NMC) bäst för acidifcation och particulate emission kategorier. De är 65% och 51% bättre än blysyra för kategorierna. Slutligen, litium järn fosfat batteriet (LFP) är det bäst presterande för resource use of minerals and metals kategoriet, vilket det är 94% mindre än blysyra. Avslutningsvis, det livscykelstadier som var bestämt att ha det största bidraget för de flesta av påverkningskategorierna är användningsstadiet, som sedan blir föremål för en känslighetsanalys. I slutändan, litiumjonbatterierna ha mindre miljöpåverkan än blybatterier i detta projekt, för de observerade slagkategorierna. Resultaten av denna avhandling kan sedan användas som referens för att avgöra om bly-syrabatterier ska ersättas med litiumjonbatterier för energilagring ur ett miljöeffektperspektiv.
Nigge, Karl-Michael. "Life cycle assessment of natural gas vehicles : development and application of site-dependent impact indicators ; with 44 tables /." Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.] : Springer, 2000. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz086457136inh.htm.
Повний текст джерелаThabrew, Lanka. "Stakeholder-based life cycle assessment application in multi-stakeholder decision-making contexts for sustainable development planning and implementation /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024880.
Повний текст джерелаPicherit, Marie-Lou. "Evaluation environnementale du véhicule électrique : méthodologies et application." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666955.
Повний текст джерелаFlory, Isaac L. IV. "High-Intensity Discharge Industrial Lighting Design Strategies for the Minimization of Energy Usage and Life-Cycle Cost." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28930.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Solomon, Ramzi, P. Pillay, and A. B. Sebitosi. "An automotive interior lighting application using white light-emitting diodes." Thesis, Cape Town : Cape Town University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/357.
Повний текст джерелаEnergy drives technological societies. Developing countries such as South Africa are caught between the desperate need for economic growth and the emerging obligations to the environment. Efficient technologies can be used to mitigate the impact of these seemingly conflicting requirements in urban and rural environments. In this thesis the commercially available white light-emitting diode (LED) with its inherent efficiency, longevity and mechanical strength, is used to show, that success in energy efficiency can be obtained. Two cases are used to illustrate the need for efficient demand-side technology: the electricity shortages of the Western Cape Province in South Africa and a white LED pilot project in Namulonge, Uganda. The Namulonge Solar-Home System (SHS) is analyzed with the intention of creating a more acceptable general lighting solution. The concept of appropriateness through self-determination is discussed within the context of location-specific information integrated into a design procedure. The major thrust and contribution of this thesis, however, is the design of an interior luminaire for Golden Arrow Bus Services (GABS). This is in part based on the hypothesis that application-specific information will lead to implementation and human-needs success, and is researched, designed, fabricated and then laboratory tested. The biggest challenge to be overcome was the spatial light distribution of the LED array. Thus non-imaging optical lens design became the main focus of this project as it held the key to utilizing available light while conserving the light-systems energy. Circular Fresnel and Linear Fresnel (an adaptation of the concentric design) lenses were designed. Electrical, mechanical and thermal aspects of design are also detailed. Far-field, horizontal plane detection over the specified area is used to best gain the uniformity of distribution. The four criteria namely luminance, illuminance, intensity and étendue (collection efficiency), against which each design and focal length iv configuration is compared to, are extensively explored and eventually lead to a final design. In the first designs, the area of the spatial distribution between 50% and 80% of its relative intensity is collimated. The Hybrid Circular Fresnel and Hybrid Linear Fresnel lenses now redirects the relative intensity in two areas, from 50% to 70% (creating parallel rays) and then from 70% to 100% (away from the central axis), renders a distinct difference is spatial uniformity and a reduction in the peak and offaxis located intensity. All four criteria are met, with a minor adjustment of configuration within the bus internal luminaire spacing, with the hybrid designs. It is proposed that GABS employ polished designs of the Hybrid Circular Fresnel, in any of the configurations, which have collection efficiencies ranging between 64.8% and 78.3%.
Sponsored by the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, Stellenbosch University
Khanna, Vikas. "Environmental and Risk Assessment at Multiple Scales with Application to Emerging Nanotechnologies." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245316311.
Повний текст джерелаMcLanaghan, Stuart Robert Buchanan. "The application and development of life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies to processes : a case study of sewage sludge management." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11829.
Повний текст джерелаTALLAPRAGADA, PAVAN KUMAR. "MECHANISTIC-BASED PERFORMANCE PREDICTION AND LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS TOOLS: AN APPLICATION TO THE OHIO ROUTE 50 TEST PAVEMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116271787.
Повний текст джерелаGillani, Sayed Tamiz ud din. "A life cycle assessment and process system engineering integrated approach for sustainability : application to environmental evaluation of biofuel production." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0069/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the rise of global warming issues due to the increase of the greenhouse gas emission and more generally with growing importance granted to sustainable development, process system engineering (PSE) has turned to think more and more environmentally. Indeed, the chemical engineer has now taken into account not only the economic criteria of the process, but also its environmental and social performances. On the other hand LCA is a method used to evaluate the potential impacts on the environment of a product, process, or activity throughout its life cycle. The research here focused on coupling of PSE domain with the environmental analysis of agricultural and chemical activities and abatement strategies for agro-processes with the help of computer aided tools and models. Among many approaches, the coupling of PSE and LCA is investigated here because it is viewed as a good instrument to evaluate the environmental performance of different unitary processes and whole process. The coupling can be of different nature depending on the focus of the study. The main objective is to define an innovative LCA based on approach for a deep integration of product, process and system perspectives. We selected a PSE embedded LCA and proposed a framework that would lead to an improved eco-analysis, eco-design and eco-decision of business processes and resulted products for researchers and engineers. In the first place we evaluate biodiesel for environmental analysis with the help of field data, background data and impact methodologies. Through this environmental evaluation, we identify the hotspot in the whole production system. To complement the experimental data this hotspot (i.e. transesterification) is selected for further modeling and simulation. For results validation, we also implement LCA in a dedicated tool (SimaPro) and simulation in a PSE simulation tool (Prosim Plus). Finally we develop a tool (SimLCA) dedicated to the LCA by using PSE tools and methodologies. This development of SimLCA framework can serve as a step forward for determination of sustainability and eco-efficient designing
Manakitsirisuthi, Thitiya. "A knowledge management system for product End-Of-Life : Application to electronic product recycling." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing of competition, expanding markets and advanced technology create shorten lifecycle and the development process to improve product performance in terms of time, cost and quality. These shorten products lifecycle have led to increase volumes of waste generation and consequence impact to environment. EU directives have been introduced, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) and guidelines for the treatment of waste batteries (Battery), these directives are used to handle the hazardous substances which are harmful to human health and the environment.These regulations and standards have been put in place to force companies take their responsibilities on managing their products when reach to the end of life. Some companies have found that the returned product can be recycled or reused as an additional source of income (material recycling, or reuse of components after disassembly) in the manufacturing process.Knowledge related to the environmental performance (in terms of process design, production, transportation, storage, etc.) should be captured, evaluated and stored in knowledge base in order to share between users in different phases of the product lifecycle.Therefore, this research proposes a Knowledge Management Architecture based on a Multi-Agent System approach. The objective of this work is to propose a system that focuses on the concept of "sustainability” of products lifecycle by establishing the link between agents, who hold knowledge related to the environmental performances, and PLM system. The connection encourages companies considering the environmental impacts in their decision making at every stage of product lifecycle
Saksrisathaporn, Krittiya. "A multi-criteria decision support system using knowledge management and project life cycle approach : application to humanitarian supply chain management." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of HOLC in context of the HSCM and to propose a decision model which applies to the phases of HOLC the decision making regarding a real situation . This include the implementation of the proposed model to design and develop a decision support tool in order to improve the performance of humanitarian logistics in both national and international relief operations.This research is divided into three phases; the first phase is to clarify and define HL among HSCM, commercial supply chain management (CSCM) and SCM and their relationship. Project Life Cycle Management (PLCM) approaches are also presented. The difference between project life cycle management (PLM) and PLCM is also required to distinguish a clear understanding which can be addressed in the phase of humanitarian operation life cycle. Additionally, the literature of Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models and existing decision aid system for HL are analyzed to establish the research gap. The MCDM approaches which implement the decision support system (DSS) and lastly how DSS has been used in the HSCM context.The second phase is to propose a decision model based on MCDM approaches to support the decision of the decision maker before he/she takes action. This model provides the ranking alternatives to warehouse, supplier and transportation over the phases of HOLC. The proposed decision model is conducted in 3 scenarios; I. The decision in 4-phase HOLC, international relief operation of French Red Cross (FRC). II. The decision on 3-phase HOLC, national operation by the Thai Red Cross (TRC). III. The decision on response phase HOLC, international operation by the FRC in four countries. In this phase, the scenario I and II are performed step by step though numerical calculation and mathematical formulas. The scenario III will be presented in the third phase.In the third phase, an application of web-based multi-criteria decision support system (WB-MCDSS) which implement the proposed model is developed. The web-based multi-criteria decision support system is developed based on the integration of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS approaches. In order to achieve an appropriate decision in a real time response, the WB-MCDSS is developed based on server-client protocol and is simple to operate. Last but not least, a validation application of the model is performed using the sensitivity analysis approach