Дисертації з теми "Lidar météorologique"
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Gengembre, Cyril. "Variabilité multi-échelles de la météorologie et des aérosols en situation littorale sous influence industrielle." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0489/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn a site that is multi-influenced by urban and industrial emissions, the analysis of aerosol pollution, in the vicinity of sources, requires a multi-scale knowledge of atmospheric dynamics. A measurement campaign was developed in order to study the meteorological and micro-meteorological variability and the evolution of particles, in particular, submicronic evolution, during a one-year period.Oscillations of the aerosol concentration around the regional average were identified along the Dunkirk coastline, and were attributed to the local meteorological phenomena close to the industries. Recognition and machine learning methods using measurements by an ultrasonic anemometer and vertical wind profiles by a Doppler lidar, were implemented to define the variability of relevant phenomena in air pollution events : sea breeze, fog, front and storm. A six-years database analysis has highlighted a correlation between the annual sea breeze occurrence and the annual number of anticyclonic days. Furthermore, the annual fog frequency could be connected with the annual regional concentration of aerosols. Analysis of wind covariance revealed two contrasting situations, low-level and high-level turbulent fluxes. The fog and the sea breeze, with low-level fluxes, generate a high PM₁ pollution and are in favor of a high organic oxygenated aerosols concentration (secondary aerosols). High-level fluxes situations, favoring vertical exchanges, are associated with a large variability of sulfate aerosols. The long-term observation, made it possible to highlight the development of episodes of particulate pollution during local weather phenomena, owing to the local emissions, but also by taking into account the larger-scale pollution
Paskin, Liad. "On the interaction of fast traveling Ocean Waves and the Atmospheric Boundary Layer : A Mechanistic Approach combining Field Measurements and High-fidelity Simulations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0012.
Повний текст джерелаIn coastal areas, the wind energy industry migrates to the offshore environment, where huge spaces are still available in stronger and better behaved wind conditions. The offshore environment imposes new challenges to a well established wind energy industry. It is imperative to accurately predict and describe the offshore wind resource in order to design cost efficient solutions. The concerned flow is characterized by a turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) where the ocean’s dynamics significantly alter the atmospheric flow through higher heat capacity and complex wind-wave interactions important in fairly common situations.So this Thesis reviews and extends the current knowledge regarding Wind-Wave interactions in the lower part of the Marine ABL (MABL), where they are possibly significant in the characterization of the wind resource. The MABL is investigated through physical and numerical experiments, to reveal the role of Wave Induced (WI) motions transferred from the sea into the atmosphere. Thanks to the use of complementary physical and numerical experiments, new insights on the wind-wave interaction processes are obtained
Baron, Alexandre. "Lidar Raman météorologique dédié à l’étude des cycles couplés des aérosols et de la vapeur d’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ004.
Повний текст джерелаThe coupled cycles of aerosols, water vapor and clouds are currently a dynamic field of research at the heart of climate and weather challenges. A better understanding of the interactions between these atmospheric cycles should allow to perceive the processes leading to extreme weather events and to reduce the uncertainties of climate projections, largely related to aerosol-cloud interactions. In line with these efforts, the work presented in this thesis are based on the analysis of experimental field observations, around a new tool for remote sensing. It is a transportable meteorological Raman lidar capable of simultaneous measurements of the thermodynamic temperature, water vapor content and optical properties of aerosols in the atmosphere. This instrument, developed at LSCE and called WALI, allows continuous observations in the lower and middle troposphere with a precision, and vertical and temporal resolutions in line with the breakthrough requirements set by the WMO. Firstly, the link budget of the temperature acquisition channel based on rotational Raman spectroscopy, newly implemented on the lidar, has been obtained using direct - inverse modeling. The first temperature measurements by lidar, carried out during a very contrasted period in terms of temperature marked by the occurrence of a cold spell, allowed a comparison with the outputs of mesoscale (AROME/Météo-France) and global (ERA5/ECMWF) weather prediction models and the IASI instrument onboard the METOP series satellites. During a similar winter meteorological configuration that induced major pollution events in Île-de-France, the optical properties of aerosols were monitored. Finally, a multi-instrument measurement campaign, involving aircrafts, was carried out on the shores of the Annecy lake, with an original strategy coupling remote sensing and in situ observations. They allowed preliminary analyses of the water cycle in a complex mountainous environment, including the links between atmospheric water vapor, clouds, aerosols and the lake. A meteorological Raman Lidar turns out to be a suitable tool to study these processes
Bock, Olivier. "GNSS: géodésie, météorologie et climat." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851617.
Повний текст джерелаDrobinski, Philippe. "Restitution des ecoulements atmospheriques par lidar doppler meteorologique : premieres applications." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0037.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Rille Olivier. "Étude et validation d'un lidar hétérodyne émettant à 2 micron pour l'application à la météorologie et à l'environnement." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066227.
Повний текст джерелаAugustin, Patrick. "Analyse par lidar de la dynamique spatiotemporelle de la basse troposphère au cours d'évènements météorologiques locaux : impact sur la qualité de l'air." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0131.
Повний текст джерелаThe circulations of local air masses play a primordial role on the air quality in coastal, urban and industrial areas. The understanding of the lower troposphere dynamic is necessary to predict atmospheric pollution events. In this context, the combination of remote sensing devices aund ground stations gives a better understanding of the structure and dynamic of the lower troposphere during local meteorological events. The ESCOMPTE campaign was able to characterise polluants emission, dynamic and the atmospheric chemistry composition of Marseille-Berre region in order to test and validate photochemical models by the comparison of experimental data set obtained at ground level, from airborne measurement platform and by ground based remote sensing devices ( UV and IR lidar, UHF radar, sodar). The lidar of the University du Littoral-Côte d'Opale measured the vertical distribution of ozone and extinction coefficient near Marseille which is influenced by the coastline, the relief and the dense urban area. The analysis of the fine structure of the complex stratification observedduring photochemical pollution events, highlighted the importance of the confrontation between the sea breezes, influencing the urban boundary layer pollutant transport. The sea breeze of the highly industrialised coastline of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region was characterised by the use of the UV lidar, a sodar and ground based measurements. This permitted the determination of the sharp vertical structure and the temporal evolution of the sea breeze demonstrating its influence on the vertical and horizontal pollution dispersion
D'amato, Julie. "Apport d'une base de données d'éboulements rocheux obtenues par scanner laser dans la caractérisation des conditions de rupture et processus associés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU025/document.
Повний текст джерелаUsing laser scanner data, an exhaustive rockfall database (for volume larger than 0.1 m3) has been established for a rockwall located near the town of Grenoble (France). The study site is a long double cliff, on the eastern border of the Chartreuse Massif. The two cliffs consist respectively of thinly bedded and massive limestone, which show different structures, morphologies and rockfall activities.The 3D point clouds obtained by laser scanner allow to detect and model the fallen compartments in 3D. Information about cliff surface, and localization, dimensions, failure mechanism for each compartment were obtained and analyzed in order to characterize the morphological evolutions of the two cliffs. It appears that the morphology and the slope of the lower cliff is related to fracturing and torrential erosion which occurs in the marls below the cliff. The rockfall frequency for this lower cliff is 22 times higher than for the upper cliff. Moreover, in the lower cliff the erosion rate is at least 4 times higher for an elevation between 900 and 1000 m than between 1000 and 1100 m. These results show that the erosion process in the lower cliff is in a transient state, whereas it could be in a steady state in the upper cliff. The morphology and the slope of the upper cliff is more regular than for the lower cliff.Rockfalls have been dated by photographic surveys during 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (1 photo each 10 mn) with a wide-angle lens have allowed dating 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m3, and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens, dating 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m3. The analysis of the two data bases shows that the rockfall frequency is 7 times higher during freeze-thaw episodes than without meteorological event, and 4.5 times higher during rainfall episodes. Moreover, it becomes 26 times higher when the mean rainfall intensity (since the beginning of the rainfall episode) is higher than 5 mm/h. Based on these results, a 4-level hazard scale has been proposed for hazard prediction. The more precise data base and freeze-thaw episode definition make it possible to distinguish different phases in freeze-thaw episodes: negative temperature cooling periods, negative temperature warming periods and thawing periods. It appears that rockfalls occur more frequently during warming and thawing periods than during cooling periods. It can be inferred that rockfalls are caused by thermal ice dilatation rather than by dilatation due to the phase transition. But they may occur only when the ice melt, because the cohesion of the ice-rock interface can be sufficient to hold the failed rock compartment until the ice melt. The formation of ice in rock cracks has been studied in the field and in laboratory to highlight its influence on rockfall triggering. It has been shown that ice forming by an accretion process (freezing of water drops) doesn't exert a pressure on the crack walls
Elouragini, Salem, and Claude Frankignoul. "Etude des propriétés optiques et géométriques des cirrus par télédétection optique active (lidar) et passive (radiométrie)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066478.
Повний текст джерелаAlkasem, Alaa. "Etude des effets des hétérogénéités spatiales tridimensionnelles des nuages sur les observables lidar et radar embarqués sur plateforme satellite." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC027/document.
Повний текст джерелаClouds display complex three-dimensional (3D) variability in their horizontal and vertical geometric, optical and microphysical properties. Generally and for practical reasons, the clouds are supposed to be homogeneous and parallel in the algorithms for calculating the lidar / radar signal (direct problem) and in the algorithms for the retrieval of the properties of the clouds (inverse problem). The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of cloud heterogeneity and multiple scattering on the characteristics measured directly by the lidar / radar. In this study, we only deal with the sources of errors related to the direct problem. Our assessments are based on random sampling and comparison between the average profiles of 3D clouds and 1D equivalent plane-parallel clouds. Therefore, we developed and validated a tool called the lidar / radar / Doppler radar simulator (McRALI). The latter tool is based on the 3DMCPOL model (Cornet et al., 2010). The 3D clouds, used in the current study, were generated by the 3D cloud field generator (3DCLOUD_V2) (Szczap et al., 2014). The tested McRALI code revealed good coherence with earlier published studies. We studied the effects of 3D cloud heterogeneity on three scales 333 m, 1 km and 5 km. The results obtained showed that the biases on the backscattering coefficient β, on the integrated backscattering coefficient γand on the depolarization factor δ increase with increasing the scale and the optical thickness. The study of a cirrus cloud of ice crystals showed that the average profiles of β as well as the γ are statistically equal to the 333 m scale. On the contrary, the biases are statistically significant at 1 km scale. The bias on δ is statistically significant for both scales. The tests carried out on the EarthCARE Doppler CPR radar measurements showed that there is a difference in the measured Doppler velocity close to the discontinuity in a discontinuous cloud. This difference is due to the degree of the discontinuity, the optical, the geometrical properties of the cloud and the geometry of the radar system. This work contributes to better understanding of the effects of cloud heterogeneity on the characteristics measured directly by the lidar / radar
Delanoë, Julien. "Modèle inverse et algorithmique pour exploiter la synergie radar-lidar dans les missions en tandem CLOUDSAT et Calipso ou dans la mission EARTH-CARE." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0026.
Повний текст джерелаRegarding climate change, direct and indirect effects of the non precipitating ice clouds are essential contributors to the earth radiation balance. The cloud properties are however still not well documented. Therefore, during this PhD we have developed radar and radar/lidar methods in order to document the microphysical and radiative properties of the non precipitating clouds. Using the new radar method (RadOn) we have developed and discussed a cloud climatology over three European sites in the framework of the European CloudNET project. We have also compared the climatology results to the representation of clouds in four European weather forecast models. In the framework of the preparation of the future spatial missions, CloudSat/Calipso and EarthCare
Gibert, Fabien. "Télédétection du CO2 atmosphérique par Lidar DIAL Doppler Hétérodyne à 2 microns." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001903.
Повний текст джерелаPenide, Guillaume. "Mise en place de simulateurs d'instruments de télédétection dans un modèle méso-échelle (BRAMS) : application à l'étude d'un système convectif observé durant la campagne AMMA." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22047.
Повний текст джерелаBoyouk, Neda. "Caractérisation des aérosols de pollution dans le Nord de la France : relation entre masse, propriétés optiques, distribution verticale et météorologie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10114/document.
Повний текст джерелаClean air is considered to be a basic requirement for human health and well-being. Particulate matter is known to have a significant impact on health. The variability of Particle Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations recorded at ground-level is influenced by the boundary layer dynamics, local emissions, and advection and mixing of large scale transported aerosols. The link between columnar aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and ground-level PM depends on the relationship between mass and optical properties and on the vertical distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere. We present three field experiments dedicated to the characterization of pollution aerosols in the North of France: the first one during a spring pollution episode in metropolitan area of Lille (50.61°N, 3.14°E), the second one during a winter pollution episode in the industrial coastal city of Dunkerque (51°04'N; 2°38'E) and the third one during summer sea breezes on coastal area of Dunkerque. We have used 2 different Lidar systems, one in the UV (355 nm) and the other one in the visible (532 nm), an automatic sun photometer, and PM2.5 and PM10 measurements with TEOM. The mixed layer (MBL) top altitude is detected from the Lidar signal and we were able to monitor the classical diurnal evolution of the convective continental boundary as well as short-time decreases in the MBL height due to sea breeze occurrences. The aerosol extinction profiles were estimated using a Lidar ratio of 67 sr at 532 nm in Lille, and 77 sr at 532 nm and 30 sr at 355 m in Dunkerque. We have analyzed the impact of long range transport of polluted air masses, convective development of the MBL, and sea breeze development on the vertical profile of aerosol extinction coefficient. The Lidar signal in the first few hundred meters is well correlated (correlation coefficient above 0.9) with the PM concentrations in all cases. It is found that introducing the Lidar derived MBL height enable a better estimation of PM from measured AOT. Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement for human health and well-being. Particulate matter is known to have a significant impact on health. The variability of Particle Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations recorded at ground-level is influenced by the boundary layer dynamics, local emissions, and advection and mixing of large scale transported aerosols. The link between columnar aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and ground-level PM depends on the relationship between mass and optical properties and on the vertical distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere. We present three field experiments dedicated to the characterization of pollution aerosols in the North of France: the first one during a spring pollution episode in metropolitan area of Lille (50.61°N, 3.14°E), the second one during a winter pollution episode in the industrial coastal city of Dunkerque (51°04'N; 2°38'E) and the third one during summer sea breezes on coastal area of Dunkerque. We have used 2 different Lidar systems, one in the UV (355 nm) and the other one in the visible (532 nm), an automatic sun photometer, and PM2.5 and PM10 measurements with TEOM. The mixed layer (MBL) top altitude is detected from the Lidar signal and we were able to monitor the classical diurnal evolution of the convective continental boundary as well as short-time decreases in the MBL height due to sea breeze occurrences. The aerosol extinction profiles were estimated using a Lidar ratio of 67 sr at 532 nm in Lille, and 77 sr at 532 nm and 30 sr at 355 m in Dunkerque. We have analyzed the impact of long range transport of polluted air masses, convective development of the MBL, and sea breeze development on the vertical profile of aerosol extinction coefficient. The Lidar signal in the first few hundred meters is well correlated (correlation coefficient above 0.9) with the PM concentrations in all cases. It is found that introducing the Lidar derived MBL height enable a better estimation of PM from measured AOT
Talbot, Charles. "Transport de la pollution atmosphérique sous influence de brise de mer dans la zone industrielle dunkerquoise." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0209.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to study the impact of the sea-breeze system on the boundary layer dynamics and transport of the pollutants. In order to simulate the sea-breeze dynamics, the non hydrostatic atmospheric model Meso-NH has been applied to the Nord-Pas de Calais region. The simulations were computed at the IDRIS computational centre in Paris and the model outputs have been compared with data issued from ground based instruments lidar and sodar (LCPA laboratory , Dunkerque, France), meteorological stations and the air quality network ATMO Nord-Pas de Calais. These results allowed the analysis of a type of sea breeze having the largest occurence on the Flanders coast. The numerical simulations have shown that the sea breeze had a temporarily recirculation zone when the sea-breeze flow was accelerating. The chemistry-transport model Meso-NHC has then been applied in order to follow pollutants emitted regionally and from Dunkerque industrial area. The regional inventory of emissions has been integrated to the model with temporal coefficients applied to different categories of pollutants. These improvements allow us using the regional inventory in the numerical simulations in order to realize realistic pollutions episodes at local and regional scales. The results show that the sea-breeze circulation induces a redistribution of marine air and pollutants above the sea-breeze gravity current. The uplift, up to twice the height of the gravity current, induces a cooling of the air masses. These conditions are proneto form particules and acid clouds by a nucleation process of sulfates particles which is enhanced by both photochemistry of ozone and high relative humidity. The sea-breeze system stratifies the atmosphere and thus restrains the pollutants circulations at low altitudes. Consecutive sea-breeze days can keep the circulation of pollutants in the nearby coastal areas of emissions and favour the stagnation of the pollutants at regional scale
Berthier, Sébastien. "Complémentarité et représentativité des observations atmosphériques effectuées par instrumentation active et passive sur les nouvelles plates-formes spatiales." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327231.
Повний текст джерелаTarniewicz, Jérôme. "Etude d'une méthode de sondage de la vapeur d'eau dans la troposphère appliquée à la correction de mesures GPS pour l'altimétrie de haute précision." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011934.
Повний текст джерелаDans un premier temps, le système GPS est présenté dans son utilisation géodésique classique; un bilan d'erreur est donné, en insistant particulièrement sur la modélisation du délai troposphérique qui intervient dans les observations GPS. L'erreur de positionnement induite par des hétérogénéités atmosphériques est estimée par simulation simplifiée de la chaîne de traitement GPS d'une ligne de base en double différence. Il en ressort qu'une correction externe des mesures GPS est nécessaire, et que les méthodes de traitement GPS actuelles (correction a priori et estimation de paramètres troposphériques) ne sont pas adaptées à des situations présentant de fortes hétérogénéités dans la distribution de vapeur d'eau atmosphérique.
Dans un second temps, l'étude se focalise sur le mode de la correction des mesures GPS à utiliser. Après une rapide revue des différentes techniques de sondage de la vapeur d'eau troposphérique, les précisions des délais troposphériques humides obtenus à partir d'une mesure résolue en distance sont comparées, par simulation, à celles obtenues à partir d'une mesure intégrée; de ces simulations, il est conclu qu'une mesure résolue (rapport de mélange ou concentration absolue), fournie par un lidar Raman à balayage, permet d'obtenir la précision sub-millimétrique visée sur le délai troposphérique humide.
Le développement instrumental d'un lidar Raman vapeur d'eau à balayage est ensuite abordé. Le principe de la mesure de vapeur d'eau par lidar Raman est présenté, et compte-tenu des configurations instrumentales existantes, des contraintes d'encombrement imposées par la mobilité du système et des performances obtenues par un simulateur développé pour l'occasion, les caractéristiques d'un nouveau système lidar Raman sont présentées. Les premiers résultats expérimentaux obtenus en visée zénithale lors de la campagne ESCOMPTE en 2001 et d'une campagne de mesure à Toulouse au CNRM en 2002 sont présentés, validant ainsi le simulateur instrumental du lidar Raman développé pour le sondage de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique.
Dans une dernière partie, le bénéfice d'une correction externe des mesures GPS par lidar Raman à balayage est démontré par la simulation numérique. Les observations GPS et les corrections lidar correspondantes sont calculées à partir d'une simulation de l'évolution de la distribution spatiale de la vapeur d'eau effectuée à méso-échelle par le modèle MM5. La simulation concerne une journée d'étude de la campagne IHOP (International H2O Project) pour un cas où la couche limite est très hétérogène. La stratégie d'observation est discutée en fonction de l'erreur obtenue. Il est montré que les erreurs de positionnement sub-millimétriques (environ 10 fois plus faibles que celles obtenues lors d'un traitement GPS classique) peuvent être obtenues sur une période de 24 heures, avec un balayage séquentiel et homogène de la constellation de satellites GPS (5 minutes d'observation par satellite pour des élévations supérieures à 5°).
Merlet, Christophe. "Initiation de la convection au-dessus des Vosges et de la Forêt Noire au cours de la campagne COPS : approche multi-instrumentale appliquée au 15 juillet 2007." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066734.
Повний текст джерелаStorms prediction is one of the major problems of weather forecasting, regarding both the anticipation of situations in which convective phenomena are observed and cases for which convection does not initiate. The COPS (Convective and orographically-induced Precipitation Study) campaign which took place during the summer of 2007 over the Vosges and the Black Forest was an opportunity to use a complete multi- instrumental dataset to study the mesoscale variability of water vapor in the lower troposphere, and its impact on the initiation and inhibition of convection. The present work is focused particularly on dry layers observed many times in pre- convective conditions during the campaign. Based on the case study of 15 July 2007, the work details the processes that govern these dry layers and the role they play in the inhibition of convection. These processes involve regional advection of dry structures as well as more local processes related mainly to the impact of the topography on the impinging flow as well as diurnal orographic forcing. The analysis of the synoptic origin of dry air masses impacting the COPS region was also studied. Work around this case study also highlighted the worth of GPS tomography to study the spatial and temporal variability of water vapor at the regional scale. Similarly, the limited area model Meso-NH was used to assist in the interpretation process as well as to calculate air masses back-trajectories. A critical analysis of the representation of the dry layers in the model was also performed
Boilley, Alexandre. "Modélisation de cisaillements de vent et assimilation de données dans la couche limite atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638822.
Повний текст джерелаChane-Ming, Fabrice. "Analyse de signaux géophysiques dans l'atmosphère par les techniques en ondelettes : étude des ondes de gravité en région tropicale." Phd thesis, La Réunion, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544533/fr.
Повний текст джерелаDeaconu, Lucia-Timea. "Study on multi-layer "aerosol" situations and of "aerosol-cloud" interactions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10165.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the main objectives of this study is to analyze the consistency between the aerosol above clouds (AAC) retrievals from passive and active satellite measurements. We consider the method based on the passive polarization measurements provided by the POLDER instrument, the operational method developed for the space borne lidar CALIOP, and the CALIOP-based depolarization ratio method (DRM), for which we also propose a calibrated version. We perform a regional analysis and a global multi-annual analysis to provide robust statistics results. Our findings show good agreement between DRM and POLDER AOT retrievals (R2=0.68 at global scale). This result gives confidence in our ability to measure the properties of AAC. Differences occur when the aerosol and cloud layers are in contact. CALIOP operational method is largely underestimating the above cloud AOT, compared to the other two methods.The second objective is to study the impact of aerosols on the cloud properties and their radiative forcing, over the South Atlantic Ocean. We perform a synergy between CALIOP vertical profiles and POLDER retrievals, with collocated meteorological parameters. We performed radiative transfer calculations in the short- and longwave domains, and analyzed the effect of aerosol loading on the cloud properties and meteorology. We found that aerosols and water vapor effects could impact the cloud convection. Our results show that under large loads of AACs, clouds become optically thicker, with an increase in liquid water path of 20 g.m-2 and their cloud top altitudes are lower by 200 m, which may indicate a potential semi-direct effect of aerosols above clouds
Lesouëf, Dorothée. "Étude numérique des circulations locales à la Réunion : application à la dispersion de polluants." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633096.
Повний текст джерелаElineau, Sylvain. "Le risque naturel côtier sur la communauté d'agglomération du Havre (Haute-Normandie) : Une évaluation des aléas." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935593.
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