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Статті в журналах з теми "Lidar météorologique"
Olivier, Chomette, Raymond Armante, Cyril Crevoisier, Thibault Delahaye, Dimitri Edouart, Fabien Gibert, Frédéric Nahan, and Yoann Tellier. "CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817602016.
Повний текст джерелаAlonso, Lucille, and Florent Renard. "Compréhension du microclimat urbain lyonnais par l’intégration de prédicteurs complémentaires à différentes échelles dans des modèles de régression." Climatologie 17 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/climat/202017002.
Повний текст джерелаFLAMANT, Pierre H. "Lidars atmosphériques et météorologiques - Lidar rétrodiffusion aérosols nuages (LRAN)." Optique Photonique, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v2-e4311.
Повний текст джерелаFLAMANT, Pierre H. "Lidars atmosphériques et météorologiques - Principes fondamentaux." Optique Photonique, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v2-e4310.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Lidar météorologique"
Gengembre, Cyril. "Variabilité multi-échelles de la météorologie et des aérosols en situation littorale sous influence industrielle." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0489/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn a site that is multi-influenced by urban and industrial emissions, the analysis of aerosol pollution, in the vicinity of sources, requires a multi-scale knowledge of atmospheric dynamics. A measurement campaign was developed in order to study the meteorological and micro-meteorological variability and the evolution of particles, in particular, submicronic evolution, during a one-year period.Oscillations of the aerosol concentration around the regional average were identified along the Dunkirk coastline, and were attributed to the local meteorological phenomena close to the industries. Recognition and machine learning methods using measurements by an ultrasonic anemometer and vertical wind profiles by a Doppler lidar, were implemented to define the variability of relevant phenomena in air pollution events : sea breeze, fog, front and storm. A six-years database analysis has highlighted a correlation between the annual sea breeze occurrence and the annual number of anticyclonic days. Furthermore, the annual fog frequency could be connected with the annual regional concentration of aerosols. Analysis of wind covariance revealed two contrasting situations, low-level and high-level turbulent fluxes. The fog and the sea breeze, with low-level fluxes, generate a high PM₁ pollution and are in favor of a high organic oxygenated aerosols concentration (secondary aerosols). High-level fluxes situations, favoring vertical exchanges, are associated with a large variability of sulfate aerosols. The long-term observation, made it possible to highlight the development of episodes of particulate pollution during local weather phenomena, owing to the local emissions, but also by taking into account the larger-scale pollution
Paskin, Liad. "On the interaction of fast traveling Ocean Waves and the Atmospheric Boundary Layer : A Mechanistic Approach combining Field Measurements and High-fidelity Simulations." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0012.
Повний текст джерелаIn coastal areas, the wind energy industry migrates to the offshore environment, where huge spaces are still available in stronger and better behaved wind conditions. The offshore environment imposes new challenges to a well established wind energy industry. It is imperative to accurately predict and describe the offshore wind resource in order to design cost efficient solutions. The concerned flow is characterized by a turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) where the ocean’s dynamics significantly alter the atmospheric flow through higher heat capacity and complex wind-wave interactions important in fairly common situations.So this Thesis reviews and extends the current knowledge regarding Wind-Wave interactions in the lower part of the Marine ABL (MABL), where they are possibly significant in the characterization of the wind resource. The MABL is investigated through physical and numerical experiments, to reveal the role of Wave Induced (WI) motions transferred from the sea into the atmosphere. Thanks to the use of complementary physical and numerical experiments, new insights on the wind-wave interaction processes are obtained
Baron, Alexandre. "Lidar Raman météorologique dédié à l’étude des cycles couplés des aérosols et de la vapeur d’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ004.
Повний текст джерелаThe coupled cycles of aerosols, water vapor and clouds are currently a dynamic field of research at the heart of climate and weather challenges. A better understanding of the interactions between these atmospheric cycles should allow to perceive the processes leading to extreme weather events and to reduce the uncertainties of climate projections, largely related to aerosol-cloud interactions. In line with these efforts, the work presented in this thesis are based on the analysis of experimental field observations, around a new tool for remote sensing. It is a transportable meteorological Raman lidar capable of simultaneous measurements of the thermodynamic temperature, water vapor content and optical properties of aerosols in the atmosphere. This instrument, developed at LSCE and called WALI, allows continuous observations in the lower and middle troposphere with a precision, and vertical and temporal resolutions in line with the breakthrough requirements set by the WMO. Firstly, the link budget of the temperature acquisition channel based on rotational Raman spectroscopy, newly implemented on the lidar, has been obtained using direct - inverse modeling. The first temperature measurements by lidar, carried out during a very contrasted period in terms of temperature marked by the occurrence of a cold spell, allowed a comparison with the outputs of mesoscale (AROME/Météo-France) and global (ERA5/ECMWF) weather prediction models and the IASI instrument onboard the METOP series satellites. During a similar winter meteorological configuration that induced major pollution events in Île-de-France, the optical properties of aerosols were monitored. Finally, a multi-instrument measurement campaign, involving aircrafts, was carried out on the shores of the Annecy lake, with an original strategy coupling remote sensing and in situ observations. They allowed preliminary analyses of the water cycle in a complex mountainous environment, including the links between atmospheric water vapor, clouds, aerosols and the lake. A meteorological Raman Lidar turns out to be a suitable tool to study these processes
Bock, Olivier. "GNSS: géodésie, météorologie et climat." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851617.
Повний текст джерелаDrobinski, Philippe. "Restitution des ecoulements atmospheriques par lidar doppler meteorologique : premieres applications." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0037.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Rille Olivier. "Étude et validation d'un lidar hétérodyne émettant à 2 micron pour l'application à la météorologie et à l'environnement." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066227.
Повний текст джерелаAugustin, Patrick. "Analyse par lidar de la dynamique spatiotemporelle de la basse troposphère au cours d'évènements météorologiques locaux : impact sur la qualité de l'air." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0131.
Повний текст джерелаThe circulations of local air masses play a primordial role on the air quality in coastal, urban and industrial areas. The understanding of the lower troposphere dynamic is necessary to predict atmospheric pollution events. In this context, the combination of remote sensing devices aund ground stations gives a better understanding of the structure and dynamic of the lower troposphere during local meteorological events. The ESCOMPTE campaign was able to characterise polluants emission, dynamic and the atmospheric chemistry composition of Marseille-Berre region in order to test and validate photochemical models by the comparison of experimental data set obtained at ground level, from airborne measurement platform and by ground based remote sensing devices ( UV and IR lidar, UHF radar, sodar). The lidar of the University du Littoral-Côte d'Opale measured the vertical distribution of ozone and extinction coefficient near Marseille which is influenced by the coastline, the relief and the dense urban area. The analysis of the fine structure of the complex stratification observedduring photochemical pollution events, highlighted the importance of the confrontation between the sea breezes, influencing the urban boundary layer pollutant transport. The sea breeze of the highly industrialised coastline of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region was characterised by the use of the UV lidar, a sodar and ground based measurements. This permitted the determination of the sharp vertical structure and the temporal evolution of the sea breeze demonstrating its influence on the vertical and horizontal pollution dispersion
D'amato, Julie. "Apport d'une base de données d'éboulements rocheux obtenues par scanner laser dans la caractérisation des conditions de rupture et processus associés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU025/document.
Повний текст джерелаUsing laser scanner data, an exhaustive rockfall database (for volume larger than 0.1 m3) has been established for a rockwall located near the town of Grenoble (France). The study site is a long double cliff, on the eastern border of the Chartreuse Massif. The two cliffs consist respectively of thinly bedded and massive limestone, which show different structures, morphologies and rockfall activities.The 3D point clouds obtained by laser scanner allow to detect and model the fallen compartments in 3D. Information about cliff surface, and localization, dimensions, failure mechanism for each compartment were obtained and analyzed in order to characterize the morphological evolutions of the two cliffs. It appears that the morphology and the slope of the lower cliff is related to fracturing and torrential erosion which occurs in the marls below the cliff. The rockfall frequency for this lower cliff is 22 times higher than for the upper cliff. Moreover, in the lower cliff the erosion rate is at least 4 times higher for an elevation between 900 and 1000 m than between 1000 and 1100 m. These results show that the erosion process in the lower cliff is in a transient state, whereas it could be in a steady state in the upper cliff. The morphology and the slope of the upper cliff is more regular than for the lower cliff.Rockfalls have been dated by photographic surveys during 2.5 years. A near-continuous survey (1 photo each 10 mn) with a wide-angle lens have allowed dating 214 rockfalls larger than 0.1 m3, and a monthly survey with a telephoto lens, dating 854 rockfalls larger than 0.01 m3. The analysis of the two data bases shows that the rockfall frequency is 7 times higher during freeze-thaw episodes than without meteorological event, and 4.5 times higher during rainfall episodes. Moreover, it becomes 26 times higher when the mean rainfall intensity (since the beginning of the rainfall episode) is higher than 5 mm/h. Based on these results, a 4-level hazard scale has been proposed for hazard prediction. The more precise data base and freeze-thaw episode definition make it possible to distinguish different phases in freeze-thaw episodes: negative temperature cooling periods, negative temperature warming periods and thawing periods. It appears that rockfalls occur more frequently during warming and thawing periods than during cooling periods. It can be inferred that rockfalls are caused by thermal ice dilatation rather than by dilatation due to the phase transition. But they may occur only when the ice melt, because the cohesion of the ice-rock interface can be sufficient to hold the failed rock compartment until the ice melt. The formation of ice in rock cracks has been studied in the field and in laboratory to highlight its influence on rockfall triggering. It has been shown that ice forming by an accretion process (freezing of water drops) doesn't exert a pressure on the crack walls
Elouragini, Salem, and Claude Frankignoul. "Etude des propriétés optiques et géométriques des cirrus par télédétection optique active (lidar) et passive (radiométrie)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066478.
Повний текст джерелаAlkasem, Alaa. "Etude des effets des hétérogénéités spatiales tridimensionnelles des nuages sur les observables lidar et radar embarqués sur plateforme satellite." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC027/document.
Повний текст джерелаClouds display complex three-dimensional (3D) variability in their horizontal and vertical geometric, optical and microphysical properties. Generally and for practical reasons, the clouds are supposed to be homogeneous and parallel in the algorithms for calculating the lidar / radar signal (direct problem) and in the algorithms for the retrieval of the properties of the clouds (inverse problem). The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of cloud heterogeneity and multiple scattering on the characteristics measured directly by the lidar / radar. In this study, we only deal with the sources of errors related to the direct problem. Our assessments are based on random sampling and comparison between the average profiles of 3D clouds and 1D equivalent plane-parallel clouds. Therefore, we developed and validated a tool called the lidar / radar / Doppler radar simulator (McRALI). The latter tool is based on the 3DMCPOL model (Cornet et al., 2010). The 3D clouds, used in the current study, were generated by the 3D cloud field generator (3DCLOUD_V2) (Szczap et al., 2014). The tested McRALI code revealed good coherence with earlier published studies. We studied the effects of 3D cloud heterogeneity on three scales 333 m, 1 km and 5 km. The results obtained showed that the biases on the backscattering coefficient β, on the integrated backscattering coefficient γand on the depolarization factor δ increase with increasing the scale and the optical thickness. The study of a cirrus cloud of ice crystals showed that the average profiles of β as well as the γ are statistically equal to the 333 m scale. On the contrary, the biases are statistically significant at 1 km scale. The bias on δ is statistically significant for both scales. The tests carried out on the EarthCARE Doppler CPR radar measurements showed that there is a difference in the measured Doppler velocity close to the discontinuity in a discontinuous cloud. This difference is due to the degree of the discontinuity, the optical, the geometrical properties of the cloud and the geometry of the radar system. This work contributes to better understanding of the effects of cloud heterogeneity on the characteristics measured directly by the lidar / radar