Готові списки джерел за темами / LGALS3

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "LGALS3"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "LGALS3"

Chaney, Heather L., Lindsay F. Grose, Jeanna M. LaBarbara, Adam W. Sirk, Alyssa M. Blancke, Jose M. Sánchez, Claudia Passaro, Patrick Lonergan, and Daniel J. Mathew. "Galectin-1 induces gene and protein expression related to maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in bovine endometrium." Biology of Reproduction 106, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioab215.

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Abstract Conceptus secretory factors include galectins, a family of carbohydrate binding proteins that elicit cell adhesion and immune suppression by interacting with intracellular and extracellular glycans. In rodents, galectin-1 (LGALS1) promotes maternal-fetal immune tolerance in the decidua through expansion of tolerogenic cluster of differentiation 11c (CD11c) positive dendritic cells, increased anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, and activation of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) positive regulatory T cells (Treg). This study characterized galectin expression in early ruminant conceptuses and endometrium. We also tested the effect of recombinant bovine LGALS1 (rbLGALS1) and progesterone (P4) on endometrial expression of genes and protein related to maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in cattle. Elongating bovine and ovine conceptuses expressed several galectins, particularly, LGALS1, LGALS3, and LGALS8. Within bovine endometrium, expression of LGALS3, LGALS7, and LGALS9 was greater on Day 16 of pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle. Within ovine endometrium, LGALS7 was greater during pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle and endometrium of pregnant sheep tended to have greater LGALS9 and LGALS15. Expression of endometrial LGALS4 was less during pregnancy in sheep. Treating bovine endometrium with rbLGALS1 increased endometrial expression of CD11c, IL-10, and FOXP3, within 24 h. Specifically, within caruncular endometrium, both rbLGALS1 and P4 increased FOXP3, suggesting that both ligands may promote Treg expansion. Using IHC, FOXP3+ cells with a leukocyte phenotype were localized to the bovine uterine stratum compactum near the uterine surface and increased in response to rbLGALS1. We hypothesize that galectins have important functions during establishment of pregnancy in ruminants and bovine conceptus LGALS1 and luteal P4 confer mechanisms of maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in cattle.

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Asiamah, Emmanuel K., Mulumebet Worku, Juan Loor, Mario Vailati Riboni, Zheng Zhou, and Kingsley Ekwemalor. "PSVI-5 Rumen-protected methionine supplementation during the peripartal period reduces the expression of LGALS-1, -3 and -4 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and secretion of Gal-2 and Gal-12 in plasma of Holstein cows." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.413.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methionine(Met) supplementation on genes encoding Galectins (LGALS) and secretion in plasma during the periparturient period. Dairy cows are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) functions such as phagocytosis and pathogen killing capacity contribute to immune dysfunction and disease. Galectins (GALS) are an evolutionarily conserved family of animal lectins important in disease and homeostasis. They behave like pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cell-surface receptors whose activation often results in signaling cascades to activate cells such as PMNL. Fourteen Holstein cows supplemented with either rumen-protected Met (n = 7) or no Met (CON; n = 7) were used. Diets were fed from −21 ± 2 before expected calving date and continued until 30 days postpartum. To evaluate LGALS expression and secretion of Gal, PMNL were isolated from blood and plasma was harvested at -10, +7, and +30 d relative to expected calving. The expression of LGALS1 (P = 0.09), LGALS3 (P = 0.02), and LGALS4 (P = 0.02) was lower in response to Met, but there was no effect on LGALS8, LGALS9, and LGALS12. Met supplementation reduced Gal-2 and Gal-12 secretion in plasma at -10, +7, and +30 d (P < 0.0005 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Methionine supplementation modulates the expression of GAL involved in inflammation and lipolysis in cow blood. Modulation of GAL in PMNL and plasma in response to Met may have implications for the use of dietary interventions to target gene expression in PMNL for improved function and needs further study.

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Xu, Wang-Dong, Qian Wu, Yan-Wei He, An-Fang Huang, You-Yu Lan, Lu Fu, Jie Zhou, and Xiao-Yan Liu. "Gene polymorphisms of LGALS2, LGALS3 and LGALS9 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Cellular Immunology 368 (October 2021): 104419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104419.

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Okumu, L. A., T. Fair, J. Szekeres-Bartho, A. M. O'Doherty, M. A. Crowe, J. F. Roche, P. Lonergan, and N. Forde. "Endometrial expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor and galectins-1, -3, -9, and -3 binding protein in the luteal phase and early pregnancy in cattle." Physiological Genomics 43, no. 14 (July 2011): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00251.2010.

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Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and galectins modulate the maternal immune response during pregnancy. We hypothesized that the relative transcript abundance of the above genes would be different during the luteal phase/early pregnancy and would be affected by progesterone supplementation. To further test this, hypothesis protein expression analyses were carried out to evaluate the abundance and localization of LGALS9 and PIBF. Following estrus synchronization, heifers were inseminated ( n = 140) or not ( n = 70). Half the heifers in each status (cyclic or potentially pregnant) were randomly assigned to receive a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) on day 3 after estrus, which elevated progesterone concentrations from day 3.5 to 8 ( P < 0.05), resulting in four treatment groups: cyclic and pregnant heifers, each with normal and high progesterone. After confirmation of pregnancy status in inseminated animals, uterine tissue was collected on days 5, 7, 13, or 16 of the luteal phase of the cycle/pregnancy. Gene and protein expression was determined using Q-RT-PCR and IHC, respectively, on 5 heifers per treatment per time point (i.e., 80 in total). Progesterone concentrations did not affect expression of any of the genes ( P > 0.05). LGALS9 and LGALS3BP were expressed at low levels in both cyclic and pregnant endometria until day 13. On day 16, expression increased only in the pregnant heifers ( P < 0.0001). LGALS1 and LGALS3 decreased on day 7 ( P < 0.0001) and remained low until day 16. Pregnancy had no effect on the expression of LGALS1, LGALS3, and PIBF. Additionally, LGALS9 and PIBF proteins were expressed in distinct uterine cell types. These results indicate that the galectins may be involved in uterine receptivity and/or implantation in heifers.

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Sakurai, Takuya, Toshiyuki Fukutomi, Sachiko Yamamoto, Eriko Nozaki, and Takako Kizaki. "Physical Activity Attenuates the Obesity-Induced Dysregulated Expression of Brown Adipokines in Murine Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 10391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910391.

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In recent years, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has a high heat-producing capacity, has been confirmed to exist even in adults, and it has become a focal point for the prevention and the improvement of obesity and lifestyle-related diseases. However, the influences of obesity and physical activity (PA) on the fluid factors secreted from BAT (brown adipokines) are not well understood. In this study, therefore, we focused on brown adipokines and investigated the effects of obesity and PA. The abnormal expressions of gene fluid factors such as galectin-3 (Lgals3) and Lgals3 binding protein (Lgals3bp), whose proteins are secreted from HB2 brown adipocytes, were observed in the interscapular BAT of obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 months. PA attenuated the abnormalities in the expressions of these genes. Furthermore, although the gene expressions of factors related to brown adipocyte differentiation such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α were also down-regulated in the BAT of the obese mice, PA suppressed the down-regulation of these factors. On the other hand, lipogenesis was increased more in HB2 cells overexpressing Lgals3 compared with that in control cells, and the overexpression of Lgals3bp decreased the mitochondrial mass. These results indicate that PA attenuates the obesity-induced dysregulated expression of brown adipokines and suggests that Lgals3 and Lgals3bp are involved in brown adipocyte differentiation.

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Ruvolo, Peter, Yihua Qiu, Vivian Ruvolo, Rui-Yu Wang, Zhihong Zeng, Jared Burks, Rongqing Pan, et al. "Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Galectin 3 in the AML Tumor Microenvironment." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1198.1198.

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Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) protect acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells from chemotherapy. Galectin 3 (LGALS3) is a beta-galactoside binding protein that regulates cell adhesion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and mRNA processing. When secreted, LGALS3 can modulate receptor kinase activity, influence cell adhesion, and can suppress immune cells. MSC are a rich source of LGALS3. In the present study we address the role of MSC derived LGALS3 in the leukemia microenvironment. Methods: The expression of LGALS3 and 150 other proteins was examined by reverse phase protein array analysis (RPPA) in AML (N = 106) and healthy donor (N = 71) MSC. To examine the putative role of MSC-derived proteins in therapy resistance, RPPA was used to determine levels of the 151 proteins in MSC obtained at diagnosis and from relapsed/refractory patients relapse. In vitro studies were performed to examine the effects of hypoxia or co-culture with AML cell lines on LGALS3 expression by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and immunoblot analysis. MSC containing lentiviral control shRNA or LGALS3 shRNA were used to assess effects of LGALS3 on cell viability, apoptosis, and cell adhesion by flow cytometry assays and effects on survival signaling by immunoblot analysis. Results: LGALS3 levels were found to be higher in AML MSC compared to normal MSC (p = 0.0001). The increase in protein expression was not correlated with gene expression as mRNA levels were similar in AML and normal MSC, suggesting a post-translational mechanism. To identify MSC proteins associated with relapse or refractory status, RPPA was utilized to compare protein expression in MSC from newly diagnosed with those from relapsed and refractory (salvage) patients. RPPA identified LGALS3 as one of only three proteins increased in MSC from relapse/refractory patients. Pearson Correlation of LGALS3 with the other 150 proteins in AML MSC revealed that LGALS3 was negatively correlated with expression of integrin beta 3 and LYN. These 2 proteins were also among the 6 proteins found to have lower expression in salvage as compared to MSC from newly diagnosed patients. LGALS3 positively correlated with 13 proteins including phosphorylated beta-catenin which was also higher in salvage as compared to newly diagnosed AML MSC. . The LGALS3 promoter contains HIF1 alpha response elements. MSC from healthy donors grown in 1% oxygen displayed > 4 fold increase in LGALS3 protein after 24 hours. Hypoxic MSC exhibited a re-localization of LGALS3 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. LGALS3 activates RAS signaling so hypoxia induced expression and nuclear export of the galectin would be expected to activate diverse survival signaling pathways and would also allow the molecule to be secreted where it could then suppress immune cells. Using in vitro co-culture experiments of MSC with human OCI-AML3 cells to mimic the leukemia microenvironment, LGALS3 levels were induced in MSC suggesting that cross talk from leukemia cells could contribute to the increased LGALS3 levels in MSC cells. The consequences of suppressing LGALS3 in normal MSC were tested using lentivral shRNA. Suppression of LGALS3 resulted in a 2-fold reduction of MYC and S473 phosphorylated AKT, and a 2-fold increase in PPP2R2A (an AKT phosphatase) compared to control shRNA. LGALS3 suppression rendered MSC less adherent to OCI-AML3 cells (~ 50% reduction in MSC with LGALS3 shRNA compared to control shRNA). Conclusions: The data presented here demonstrate that LGALS3 is elevated in AML MSC especially in relapse/refractory samples. Possible mechanisms of up-regulation of LGALS3 in AML MSC may be due to the hypoxic nature of the leukemia microenvironment and/or contact with AML cell. Hypoxia induced nuclear export of the galectin to the cytoplasm could contribute to MSC survival and anti-tumor functions (e.g. suppression of immune cells by secreted galectin). Knock down of LGALS3 in MSC suppresses AKT activation and MYC expression suggesting it has a key role in MSC cell survival. Experiments are underway to determine if MSC derived LGALS3 might impact AML cell homing (as a regulator of cell adhesion) and/or immune surveillance (as a suppressor of T and NK cells). The identification of LGALS3 as an important component of AML MSC suggests that this molecule could be a target in a tumor microenvironment based therapy concept of AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Mansorunov, Danzan, Natalya Apanovich, Fatimat Kipkeeva, Maxim Nikulin, Olga Malikhova, Ivan Stilidi, and Alexander Karpukhin. "The Correlation of Ten Immune Checkpoint Gene Expressions and Their Association with Gastric Cancer Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 13846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213846.

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In the immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition (IC), additional ICs are being studied to increase its effectiveness. An almost unstudied feature is the possible co-expression of ICs, which can determine the therapeutic efficacy of their inhibition. For the selection of promising ICs, information on the association of their expression with cancer development may be essential. We have obtained data on the expression correlation of ADAM17, PVR, TDO2, CD274, CD276, CEACAM1, IDO1, LGALS3, LGALS9, and HHLA2 genes in gastric cancer (GC). All but one, TDO2, have other IC genes with co-expression at some stage. At the metastatic stage, the expression of the IDO1 does not correlate with any other gene. The correlations are positive, but the expressions of the CD276 and CEACAM1 genes are negatively correlated. The expression of TDO2 and LGALS3 is associated with GC metastasis. The expression of TDO2 four-fold higher in metastatic tumors than in non-metastatic tumors, but LGALS3 was two-fold lower. The differentiation is associated with IDO1. The revealed features of TDO2, with a significant increase in expression at the metastatic stage and the absence of other IC genes with correlated expression indicates that the prospect of inhibiting TDO2 in metastatic GC. IDO1 may be considered for inhibition in low-differentiated tumors.

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Martins, Luciane, Suzana Garcia Leoni, Celso U. M. Friguglietti, Laura Sterian Ward, Marco Aurélio V. Kulcsar, and Edna Teruko Kimura. "O Polimorfismo no códon 98 do gene de galectina-3 não está associado a tumores benignos e malignos de tiróide." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 50, no. 6 (December 2006): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302006000600014.

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Galectina-3 é uma proteína multifuncional altamente expressa em câncer de tiróide. O gene de galectina-3 (LGALS3) apresenta vários candidatos a SNPs anotados, no entanto a relação entre estes SNPs e variações fenotípicas específicas relevantes à saúde não foi avaliada. Neste estudo, investigamos SNPs do LGALS3 e uma possível associação destes com a tumorigênese tiroidiana. A presença de SNPs do LGALS3 em linhagens de carcinoma de tiróide (WRO, NPA, TPC-1, ARO), tecidos tiroidianos de 55 pacientes com diagnóstico de bócio multinodular ou carcinoma papilífero e linfócitos do sangue periférico de 45 indivíduos saudáveis foi avaliada por seqüenciamento e SSCP. A análise da seqüência codificadora do LGALS3 mostrou que o sítio T98P apresenta uma grande variação genotípica, visto que observamos os padrões homozigoto (AA ou CC) e heterozigoto (AC). Em linhagens de carcinoma de tiróide, o genótipo da NPA no sítio T98P do LGALS3 é CC, enquanto TPC-1, WRO e ARO são AC. As freqüências genotípicas do T98P do LGALS3 observadas em bócio multinodular (AC= 67%, AA= 23%, CC= 10%) e carcinoma papilífero (AC= 68%, AA= 20%, CC= 12%) foram semelhante à freqüência observada na população controle (AC= 60%, AA= 24%, CC= 16%). Em conclusão, não observamos associação entre o genótipo T98P do LGALS3 e o fenótipo de tumor benigno ou maligno de tiróide.

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Sun, Liqun, Meihua Sun, Ke Ma та Jiangtao Liu. "Let-7d-5p suppresses inflammatory response in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis via LGALS3-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway". American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, № 6 (1 грудня 2020): C967—C979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00571.2019.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute intestinal condition accounting for severe mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. This study aimed to identify the possible roles of let-7d-5p in neonatal rats with NEC. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NEC were initially screened in silico. After establishment of NEC rat models, measurement of the expression of let-7d-5p, galectin-3 (LGALS3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was conducted. The interaction between let-7d-5p and LGALS3 or argonaute-2 (AGO2) was identified. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were then performed in an attempt to investigate the regulatory roles of let-7d-5p and LGALS3 in inflammation and cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats. Let-7d-5p was poorly expressed, whereas LGALS3, TLR4, and NF-κB were highly expressed, in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Overexpression of let-7d-5p resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory factors in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Through sequential experimentation, let-7d-5p was identified to target LGALS3 and bind to AGO2. In addition, LGALS3 silencing or LPS treatment blocked the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation in NEC. Collectively, let-7d-5p might exercise its inhibitory properties in the inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats via inactivation of the LGALS3-dependent TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

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Cheng, Chieh-Lung, Hsin-An Hou, Ming-Cheng Lee, Chieh-Yu Liu, Jie-Yang Jhuang, Yan-Jun Lai, Chung-Wu Lin, et al. "Higher bone marrow LGALS3 expression is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia." Blood 121, no. 16 (April 18, 2013): 3172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-07-443762.

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Key Points Bone marrow LGALS3 expression is associated with distinct clinical and biological features in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Higher bone marrow LGALS3 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival and may serve as a potential therapeutic target.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "LGALS3"

Corrado, A. "Evaluation of gene editing strategies based on CRISPR/Cas9 to study specific alleles of LGALS3 associated with the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1040553.

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Galectin-3 is involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4644 (c.191C>A, p.Pro64His) within its encoding gene, LGALS3, is completely conserved across phylogenetically distant organisms, and it was predicted to be damaging by analysis performed with Polyphen and SIFT. Thus, we hypothesized that this SNP could affect the risk to develop DTC. The hypothesis was corroborated by a case-control association study (1155 DTC cases and 1222 controls), showing a protective role for the carriers of the Histidine-64 (OR=0.66; IC 95% 0.46- 0.93) versus the Proline-64 allele. To better understand the role of this SNP, cell lines underwent gene editing for altering the specific LGALS3 genotype. The “generation” of the cell lines was performed with a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated Endonuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. Different vectors and approaches for DNA strand breaks induction, as well as alternative strategies of delivery, were employed and compared to each others in order to identify the most effective in terms of specificity, time, and costs. Isogenic cell lines were obtained following gene editing although with variable results, depending from the strategy employed. Further steps will include the identification of possible off targets and the evaluation of how global gene expression is affected by Pro to His variation. In the future these cells will be helpful to understand the biologic role of this aminoacid change within galectin-3.

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Martins, Luciane. "A galectina-3 na fisiologia e no câncer de tiróide: identificação de SNPs no gene LGALS3 e estudo funcional de galectina-3 in vitro e in vivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-06102008-160716/.

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Neste estudo, investigamos o envolvimento de galectina-3 na fisiologia e no câncer de tiróide usando vários modelos biológicos e metodologias. Observamos que o gene LGALS3 apresenta um SNP no códon 98, mas não observamos correlação entre os genótipos deste SNP e fenótipo de câncer de tiróide. Na linhagem de tiróide de rato PCCl3, mostramos que a indução da expressão do oncogene RET/PTC promove o aumento da expressão de galectina-3, no entanto, a expressão de galectina-3, por si só, não confere vantagem de proliferação à célula. Por outro lado, na linhagem de carcinoma papilífero de tiróide TPC-1, a galectina-3 contribui para a sobrevivência da célula tumoral e progressão do ciclo celular, aumentando a expressão de c-Myc, diminuindo a expressão de p21 e caspase-3, e favorecendo a ativação de importantes vias envolvidas no controle do ciclo celular. Além disto, em modelos in vivo e in vitro, a galectina-3 interferiu na função e diferenciação da célula folicular tiroidiana, exercendo um papel indireto na regulação da expressão da tireoglobulina e atividade de TTF-1.
In this study, we investigate the involvement of galectin-3 in thyroid physiology and cancer using several biological models and methodologies. We observed that LGALS3 gene presents a SNP in codon 98, but no correlation between the genotype and the phenotype of benign or malignant thyroid tumor was observed. In the rat thyroid cell line PCCl3, we showed that the conditional induction of RET/PTC oncogene expression promotes the increase of galectin-3 expression, however, galectin-3 expression itself did not confer a proliferative advantage to cell. On the other hand, in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 the galectin-3 contributes to tumor cell survival and cell cycle progression, increasing c-Myc expression, decreasing p21 and caspase-3 expression and cooperating to activation of important signaling pathways which are involved in the cell cycle control. In addition, in vitro and in vivo models the galectin-3 interferes in the differentiation and function of thyroid follicular cell, playing an indirect role in the regulation of thyroglobulin expression and TTF-1 activity.

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Postma, Alisa. "Molecular characterisation of the gene, LGALS13, and its putative involvement in pre-eclampsia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3426.

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Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Pre-eclampsia is one of the most common hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in South Africa. Presently, the only cure for pre-eclampsia is delivery, which brings with it, additional complications. As an alternative, clinical management of this disorder relies on timely diagnosis. The predictive biomarker, Placental Protein 13 (PP13), is currently used for the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, in an ELISA-based diagnostic kit, developed by Diagnostic Technologies Limited (DTL)1. A decrease in serum PP13 levels has been reported during the first trimester of pregnancy in women who later develop pre-eclampsia. The function of PP13 has not been fully elucidated and it is also not known whether the reduction in PP13 levels is a cause or an effect of the disease. The use of PP13 as a predictive biomarker for pre-eclampsia therefore warrants a comprehensive study of this peptide and the encoding gene, LGALS13. The aim of this study was firstly to characterise LGALS13 using a range of in silico tools. PP13 was found to be most homologous to the predicted protein product of a neighbouring “putative” gene, LOC148003. A gene conversion event between these two genes most likely underlies the so-called “hotspot mutation” in LGALS13. Data also demonstrates that the DelT mutation disrupts functionally and structurally important features of the gene and peptide sequences. Through the analysis of the putative promoter region of LGALS13, the presence of a Stimulatory protein-1 (Sp1) binding sequence element was predicted, which has implications for regulation of LGALS13. Secondly, the study aimed to establish a study cohort for the investigation of the effect that the LGALS13 genotype has on the expression of its mRNA and protein products. Serum, plasma and whole blood samples were collected and prepared from 316 pregnant women. Placental tissue samples were obtained from a selected group of these subjects for RNA extraction. Once the sampling on the two remaining targeted deliveries has occurred, the collection of samples will be batched and sent to DTL in Israel, for PP13 measurement. DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples obtained, and all study participants were genotyped for seven sequence variants within the LGALS13 gene using (i) Multiphor Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism and Heteroduplex (SSCP/HD) analysis, (ii) restriction enzyme analysis and (iii) DNA sequencing. The genotype data sets will be compared with PP13 levels when they become available, and also with clinical parameters, once the deliveries have all occurred and the database is complete. This study demonstrated the power of an in silico approach to direct the focus of future experimental work. The newly established study cohort will be used for prospective studies aiming at a better understanding of the role which LGALS13 and PP13 play in the early prediction of preeclampsia.

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Bosman, Marika. "Molecular genetic analysis of abruptio placentae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3074.

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Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Abruptio placentae is the premature separation of the normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall, resulting in haemorrhage before delivery of the fetus. This has serious maternal and neonatal implications, and is one of the leading causes of perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity in South Africa. Placental vasculopathies, such as abruptio placentae, are believed to result from faults occurring in early placental development. Placental protein 13 (PP13) is a member of the pregnancy-related protein family, and is believed to function in a number of important physiological processes such as trophoblast invasion, placentation and implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DNA sequence variants in the LGALS13 gene (encoding PP13), underlie and/or confer susceptibility to abruptio placentae. The gene was screened and genotyped in a cohort of patients whose pregnancies were complicated by abruptio placentae, as well as an ethnically matched control cohort. Statistical and in silico analyses were performed in order to identify potential susceptibility factors in this South African cohort and to predict whether the identified variants may impact on gene expression or the structure and function of PP13. In addition, the luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to investigate the functionality of the -98A/C variant identified in the 5’ untranslated region of the LGALS13 gene. Statistically significant differences were observed between patient and control groups at the following loci in the Coloured population: -98A/C, IVS2 -36G/A, IVS2 -22A/G and the hotspot variant in exon 3 (p<0.05). These variants could represent a susceptibility profile of this population or alternatively have implications in the pathogenesis of abruptio placentae. The deletion of a single thymine in exon 3 was shown to result in truncation of PP13 and subsequent disruption of a number of cysteine residues and putative phosphorylation sites, which could impact on dimerization and ultimately, the function of the protein. The reporter gene assay revealed a significant reduction (p=0.004) in luciferase activity by the -98 C allele. iii In silico analysis suggests that this reduction could be due the disruption of a NF1 or GR transcription factor binding site. This study provides evidence that variants in the LGALS13 gene may underlie and/or confer susceptibility to abruptio placentae by impacting on gene regulation or resulting in the expression of an aberrant form of the PP13 which could affect functionality and thereby result in the disruption of normal implantation and placentation.

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Lodermeyer, Veronika [Verfasser]. "Characterization of 90K/LGALS3BP as antiviral factor / Veronika Lodermeyer." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067924361/34.

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Farmer, Jennifer Lynn. "Biological functions of galectin 15 (lgals15) in the ovine uterus." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2316.

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BIDON, NATHALIE. "Optimisation de la radioimmunotherapie metabolique des cancers bronchiques humains : systeme aes, structure et expression du gene lgals8 codant pour po66-cbp." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10012.

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L'anticorps monoclonal po66 reconnait un antigene intracytoplasmique, po66-cbp, une galectine-8 exprimee par les carcinomes epidermoides bronchiques humains et qui possede deux isoformes. Chez des souris greffees avec des cellules de cancer bronchique, une chimiotherapie associee a une radioimmunotherapie avec l'anticorps po66 a permis une regression notable des tumeurs. Cependant, la toxicite liee a la forte quantite d'anticorps po66 radiomarque circulant etait trop importante. Afin d'optimiser ce traitement, nous avons synthetise un anticorps monoclonal bispecifique (anti-dtpa-in x po66) pour realiser une radioimmunotherapie en deux temps utilisant un haptene bivalent radiomarque (systeme aes). Puis nous avons etudie l'expression de la galectine-8, ainsi que la structure du gene lgals8. Une etude preliminaire de la biodistribution de l'anticorps bispecifique et du haptene bivalent, a permis de determiner les conditions optimales a utiliser lors de la radioimmunotherapie en deux temps : trois injections successives d'anticorps bispecifique en association avec une chimiotherapie et une injection de haptene bivalent radiomarque trois jours plus tard. De plus, nous avons mis en evidence qu'un traitement au butyrate de sodium pouvait augmenter in vitro la quantite d'antigene po66-cbp exprime par les cellules tumorales, ce qui semble etre confirme in vivo, sur des souris ou nous observons une fixation accrue de l'anticorps bispecifique. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence non pas trois isoformes de la galectine-8, mais cinq, codees par un unique gene lgals8 par le biais d'un epissage alternatif complexe. Ce gene est localise en position lq42. Les cinq proteines appartiennent a deux groupes de galectines : prototype et repetee

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Cavichioli, Débora. "Poliformismos dos genes LIGHT, MMP9, LTα, LGALS2, VCAM1, ICAM1, E-SELECTINA e NFκB podem estar associados com doença arterial coronariana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-10092012-140624/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) constitui uma síndrome clínica geralmente causada por doença arterial coronariana (DAC) aterosclerótica e está associada ao infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) que pode muitas vezes levar a óbito. Aterosclerose é uma doença progressiva, sistêmica e de inicio precoce caracterizada pelo acúmulo de lipides e elementos fibrosos nas grandes artérias e recentemente foi considerada como uma afecção de origem inflamatória. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência genotípica de E-SELECTINA, MMP9, LIGHT, LTα, VCAM1, ICAM1, LGALS2 e NFκB em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), angina instável (AI) e indivíduos que foram submetidos á angiocoronariografia e que apresentaram ausência de processo ateromatoso significativo. Assim como analisar a associação dos polimorfismos com a concentração sérica das formas solúveis das proteínas com a expressão gênica em leucócitos do sangue periférico, procurando estabelecer modelo de analise menos invasiva da aterosclerose. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado em um grupo de pacientes recrutados no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC) com infarto agudo do miocárdio, angina instável e indivíduos que foram submetidos á angiocoronariografia e que apresentaram ausência de processo ateromatoso significativo. Foram incluídos no estudo 93 indivíduos sendo 47 com IAM com e sem supra ST compondo o grupo IAM e 46 com AI ou que foram submetidos á angiocoronariografia e que apresentaram ausência de processo ateromatoso significativo compondo o grupo SIAM, de ambos os sexos com idades entre 45 e 90 anos. Foi realizado o estudo dos polimorfismos dos genes LIGHT (rs344560 e rs2291668), MMP9 (rs17576), LTα (rs909253 e rs1041981), LGALS2 (rs7291467), VCAM1 (rs3176878), ICAM1 (rs281432), E-SELECTINA (rs5368) e NFκB (rs17032705) por pirosequenciamento, a análise da expressão dos genes LIGHT, MMP9, LTα, VCAM1, ICAM1 e NFκB por PCR em tempo real e a dosagem das formas solúveis de VCAM1, ICAM1, E-SELECTINA e MMP9 utilizando o sistema LUMINEX. RESULTADOS: A frequência alélica e genotípica dos polimorfismos estudados (LIGHT [rs344560 e rs2291668], MMP9 [rs17576)] LTα [rs909253 e rs1041981], LGALS2 [rs7291467], VCAM1 [rs3176878], ICAM1 [rs281432], E-SELECTINA [rs5368] e NFκB [rs17032705]) não apresentou relação com doença arterial coronariana. Foi encontrada associação da expressão de LTα com síndrome coronariana aguda (p<0,05) e relação de alguns dos polimorfismos estudados (6+3279C>T de LGALS2, 8+10029G>A de NFκB, 332-3499C>G de ICAM1, Lys178Glu de LIGHT e Asp693Asp de VCAM1) com alterações na expressão gênica, formas solúveis e parâmetros bioquímicos. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve associação dos polimorfismos estudados com síndrome coronariana aguda assim como não houve associação das formas solúveis. Em relação á expressão gênica, foi encontrada associação da expressão de LTα com síndrome coronariana aguda (p<0,05) e alguns dos polimorfismos estudados (6+3279C>T de LGALS2, 8+10029G>A de NFκB, 332-3499C>G de ICAM1, Lys178Glu de LIGHT e Asp693Asp de VCAM1)ocasionaram alterações da expressão gênica, formas solúveis e parâmetros bioquímicos.
BACKGROUND: : Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome usually caused by atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associates with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sometimes can take to death. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipides and fibrous elements in arteries and recently was considered a disease of inflammatory origin. OBJECTIVE: : Evaluated the genotypic frequency of E-SELECTIN, MMP9, LIGHT, LTα, VCAM1, ICAM1, LGALS2 e NFκB in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and individuals who were submitted to coronary angiography and had absence of significant atheromathous process. As well as analyze the polymorphism association with serum concentration of protein soluble forms with gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes trying to establish a model less invasive to analyze atherosclerosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: : Study in a group of patients recruited in Dante Pazzanese of Cardiology Institute with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina and in individuals who showed no significant atheromatous process. The study included 93 patients (47 with acute myocardial infarction and 46 with unstable angina or individuals who showed no significant atheromatous process) of both sexes with ages between 45 and 90 years. The genes polymorphisms study was by pyrosequencing, the gene expression was by PCR real time and soluble forms was dosage by LUMINEX. RESULTS: : The allelic and genotypic polymorphisms frequency studied (LIGHT [rs344560 e rs2291668], MMP9 [rs17576)] LTα [rs909253 e rs1041981], LGALS2 [rs7291467], VCAM1 [rs3176878], ICAM1 [rs281432], E-SELECTINA [rs5368] e NFκB [rs17032705]) don\'t presented relation with coronary arterial disease. Was found association with LTα gene expression and coronary acute syndrome (p<0,05) and relation of some polymorphism studied (6+3279C>T de LGALS2, 8+10029G>A de NFκB, 332-3499C>G de ICAM1, Lys178Glu de LIGHT e Asp693Asp de VCAM1) with changes in gene expression, serum soluble forms and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: : Do not have association between polymorphisms studied and serum soluble forms with acute coronary syndrome. Was found association with LTα gene expression and coronary acute syndrome (p<0,05) and relation of some polymorphism studied (6+3279C>T de LGALS2, 8+10029G>A de NFκB, 332-3499C>G de ICAM1, Lys178Glu de LIGHT e Asp693Asp de VCAM1) with changes in gene expression, serum soluble forms and biochemical parameters.

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BACOU, JACQUELINE. "Aspects ethiques et medico-legaux des transplantations d'organes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20081.

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Schade, Sophia [Verfasser]. "Molecular and Functional Characterization of the Galectin-3-Binding Protein LGALS3BP in Cancer and Centrosome Biology / Sophia Schade." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1125450290/34.

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Книги з теми "LGALS3"

Karokhin, Lev. "Chelovek, pered kotorȳm ya ne lgal--". Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo RIK "Kult́ura", 1997.

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Association, Local Government. Making decisions locally: Report of the LGA's hearing on political leadership and ethics. London: LGA Publications, 1999.

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Karokhin, Lev. "Chelovek, pered kotorym i︠a︡ ne lgal--": Sergeĭ Esenin i Ivanov-Razumnik. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo RIK "Kulʹtura,", 1997.

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Elliott, Katrina. Population projections for the Pilbara Region, 1991: A set of population projections produced for LGAs and townsites in the Pilbara Region using the regional multiplier method of projection. Perth, W.A: Dept. of Regional Development and the North West, 1986.

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1940-, Schetky Diane H., and Benedek Elissa P, eds. Emerging issues in child psychiatry and the law. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "LGALS3"

Abbas, Adam M. "Climate Change and Forced Migration from Ngala and Kala-Balge LGAs, N.E. Borno State, Nigeria." In Global Changes and Natural Disaster Management: Geo-information Technologies, 141–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51844-2_12.

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Luigi, Lepore, and Paolone Francesco. "The Propensity of Being “Openness” of Italian LGAs. A Study of Possible Relationships with Financial Performance." In Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 223–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62636-9_15.

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Kombe, Wilbard Jackson, and Samwel S. Alananga. "Is Climate Change Knowledge Making a Difference in Urban Planning and Practice: Perspectives from Practitioners and Policymakers in Tanzania." In The Urban Book Series, 119–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06550-7_7.

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AbstractThe magnitude and effects of Climate Change (CC) such as floods and storms are projected to increase in the future. There is also a consensus among scholars that rich CC knowledge in urban planning can lead to better Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Mitigation (CCM) outcomes. However, generally the role of planners and plans in responding to Climate Change (CC) challenges has been disappointing and increasingly questioned. This chapter analyses the role of planning education, experience and/or practice among professional planners in addressing climate adaptation and mitigation issues. Field studies involving face to face interviews were conducted in Arusha Municipality in 2019. Questionnaires were completed by practitioners and policymakers. The findings highlight the gaps in CC knowledge and capacity among planners and policymakers. Also, the extent of informality, the major force transforming urban land use and development is overlooked. Most importantly, there is insensitivity, lack of accountability and political commitment by the Local Government Authority (LGA) on CC issues in planning, budgeting, and management. We argue that improving the role of urban planning in CCA and CCM requires: a recognition of the indispensable role of LGAs; substantive engagement of stakeholders; acknowledgement of socio-cultural and economic barriers to CCA/CCM at the local level; guidance on informality; and adaption of multi-level governance and integration of spatial and economic planning at city and community levels.

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"LGALS9." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 2862. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_102061.

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"LGALS9A." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 2862. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_102062.

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Kamal, Muhammad Mustafa, and M. Themistocleous. "Investigating Enterprise Application Integration Adoption in the Local Government Authorities." In Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation, 661–85. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch035.

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Literature indicates that Local Government Authorities (LGAs) have problems in meeting citizens’ demands. This may be attributed to the limitations of LGAs Information Technology (IT) infrastructures that are not integrated and do not deliver end-to-end integrated services. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) has emerged to support organizations to integrate their IT infrastructures and deliver a high quality of services. Despite the fact that many other private and public (healthcare) organizations have adopted EAI, its application in LGAs is limited. For this reason, LGAs need to realise the importance of EAI and speed up their decision-making process to adopt it. Thus, further research is required to support the decision-making process in LGAs for EAI adoption. The applicability and validity of the existing EAI adoption models in LGAs is arguable and under research, as these models were proposed to support the decision-making process in other sectors and not in LGAs. The reason is that there are differences indicating that the factors that influence the decision-making process for EAI adoption differ from one type of organization to the other, depending among others on the nature, and the size (e.g. one set of factors is used to support EAI adoption in SMEs and another in large organizations). Therefore, the authors demonstrate that it is of high importance to investigate this area within LGAs and result in research that contributes towards successful EAI adoption in LGAs.

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Kamal, Muhammad Mustafa. "Mapping Factors Influencing EAI Adoption on the Adoption Lifecycle Phases in LGAs." In Handbook of Research on ICT-Enabled Transformational Government, 140–62. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-390-6.ch008.

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Literature indicates several private and public organisations have adopted Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), however its application in the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) is limited. Although, there exist few EAI adoption models, these models mainly focus on a number of different factors (e.g. benefits, barriers, cost) influencing the decision making process for EAI adoption. Moreover, these models do not illustrate factors influencing the decision making process for EAI adoption on the adoption lifecycle phases. Literature indicates that the adoption process involves a sequence of phases an organisation passes through before taking the decision for adoption. This exemplifies that LGAs may also have to pass through several adoption phases before taking the decision to adopt EAI. However, due to the multiplicity of factors it may not be easy for LGAs to take decisions to adopt EAI by merely focusing on different factors. This may impede the decision making process for EAI adoption in LGAs. Notwithstanding, the implications of EAI have yet to be assessed, leaving scope for timeliness and novel research. Thus, it is of high importance to investigate this area within LGAs and result in research that contributes towards successful EAI adoption. This chapter makes a step forward as it: (a) presents four adoption lifecycle phases, (b) tests the adoption lifecycle phases, and (c) mapping the factors influencing EAI adoption on the adoption lifecycle phases, through three case studies. Hence, it significantly contributes to the body of knowledge and practice. In doing so, provides sufficient support to the decision makers for speeding up the decision making process for EAI adoption in LGAs.

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Mwakisisya, Hagai Joseph, Rogers Rugeiyamu, and Sebastian Cyprian. "Blending Local Government Authorities and Grassroots for Industrial Economy Through Participatory Development Communication in Tanzania." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 74–98. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6471-4.ch005.

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The chapter using participatory communication for development approach seeks to gauge the performance of LGAs in drawing the grassroots into taking a leading role in micro-manufacturing development. The study was conducted in Bahi district and it involved two wards, namely Mpamantwa and Bahi-sokoni. Focus group discussions, observation, and interviews were used as data collection methods. A total of 51 participants were used in the study. The results revealed the relationship between industrialization awareness and achievement of industrialization vision. People at the grassroots are still not aware of their role in industrialization process due to lack of education and capacity. At the same time, LGAs also still wait or depend on the central government on the process. The study recommends awareness creation through participatory communication strategies to both LGAs and the grassroots and improvement of the line of communication between the LGAs, grassroots, and other key players in the development of industrial economy.

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Ghani, Erlane K., Jamaliah Said, and Noraini Mohd Nasir. "E-Government in Malaysia." In Handbook of Research on E-Government in Emerging Economies, 290–306. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0324-0.ch014.

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This chapter examines the development of e-Services among Malaysian local government authorities. Using content analysis on 147 Local Government Authorities (LGAs), this chapter shows that all agencies have Web sites with a marked improvement in the availability of each category of e-Services. Among the motivating factors to the drastic increase of e-Services were meeting the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) established by the state and federal governments, meeting the government’s requirement of providing most of the essential services online, easing the burden on staff, improving transparency, and providing more convenient service to the customers. The findings in this chapter indicate that the LGAs are implementing e-Services, which should make it easier for the government to rollout more e-Services to the LGAs under its NPM policy to help drive the country into developed nation status by the year 2020. However, there are issues that need to be addressed in order for the government to deliver services effectively and efficiently to its citizens.

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Babalola, Adejoke Clara. "Literacy and Decision Making on Health Issues among Married Women in Southwest Nigeria." In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 191–212. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9494-1.ch009.

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It has been observed that women lag behind in participating in decision making in Nigeria as the number of women in key positions is nothing to write home about. The study is set to determine the level of women participation in health related decision making and investigate the effect of literacy on women's participation in health related decision making. A random sampling method was used to select three states; and from the three states three Local Government Areas (LGAs) and from the 3 (LGAs) 64 to 68 eligible respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique, making a total number of 600 respondents. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "LGALS3"

Otero Ugobono, Sofia, Matteo Centis Vignali, Marcos Fernandez Garcia, Christian Gallrapp, Salvador Hidalgo Villena, Isidre Mateu, Michael Moll, Giulio Pellegrini, Ana Ventura Barroso, and Ivan Vila. "Multiplication onset and electric field properties of proton irradiated LGADs." In The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0041.

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Piccolo, Enza, Sara Trani, Nicola Tinari, Cosmo Rossi, Rossana L. Sorda, Rossano Lattanzio, Maurizia D'Egidio, et al. "Abstract 2684: Inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis by SP-2, an anti-LGALS3BP antibody." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2684.

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Mazza, S. M., E. Ryan, S. Hyslop, C. Gee, R. Padilla, Y. Zhao, F. McKinney-Martinez, et al. "Development of AC-LGADs for Large-Scale High-Precision Time and Position Measurements." In 2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic44867.2021.9875583.

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Bharthuar, Shudhashil, Jennifer Ott, Erik Brücken, Akiko Gädda, Stefanie Kirschenmann, Maria Golovleva, and Panja R. Luukka. "Effect of Thermal Donors Induced in Bulk and Variation in P-stop Dose on the No-gain Region Width Measurements of LGADs." In Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX2020). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.34.010020.

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"Justifying the Decisions for EAI Adoption in LGAs: A Validated Proposition of Factors, Adoption Lifecycle Phases, Mapping and Prioritisation of Factors." In 2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2009.282.

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Mohammed, Habiba, Zainab Muhammad Shuaibu, Binta Asabe Muhammad, Maryam Albashir, and Aminu Bello Aminu. "Participatory Learning and Action as Tool for Facilitating Teachers’ Education during the Pandemic: The TEN-G Project in Perspective." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.5745.

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This paper examines the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) tools used in facilitating teachers’ education during the Covid-19 pandemic. It uses the Teachers Network for Girls Education (TEN-G) project, a Commonwealth of Learning (COL) initiative that trained teachers on open educational resources and Mobile Learning with Multimedia, as a premise to argue for inclusive space where knowledge is shared between facilitators and learners. In this study, we use Methodological Conversation as a functional tool that opens up spaces for active participation across diverse methodological processes so much so that the participants are empowered through living out the lessons learnt. We draw our population from the teachers of Government primary schools in Sabon Gari and Zaria LGAs. We use Focus Group Discussion (FGD), matrix and pair wise ranking as research instrumentations to get data on choice issues around note-making, chunking and module-to-module contents in podcasting. Our study found out that the TEN-G project offers teachers diverse opportunities to explore different educational options in reaching rural girls in the time of global health crisis as in the pandemic. It concludes that the PLA methodology deployed in the implementation of the TEN-G project offers an enduring sustainability plan that is anchored on sharing and change forecast.

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Arfaei, B., L. Wentlent, S. Joshi, M. Anselm, and P. Borgesen. "Controlling the Superior Reliability of Lead Free Assemblies With Short Standoff Height Through Design and Materials Selection." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89584.

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We have recently demonstrated a significantly longer life in accelerated thermal cycling for Land Grid Arrays (LGAs) assembled only with SAC305 solder paste than for the corresponding SAC305 based BGA assemblies. This superior performance was shown to be a direct effect of the solder microstructure. The final Sn solidification temperature strongly affects the initial microstructure of a SnAgCu solder joint, including the Sn grain morphology, and thus the thermomechanical behavior of the joint. Right after reflow, larger BGA joints of SnAgCu alloys, which solidify at higher temperature, reveal either a single β-Sn grain or three large grains with clearly defined boundaries formed by cyclic twinning. The orientations of the highly anisotropic Sn grains are not yet controllable in manufacturing, leading to substantial statistical scatter in the performance of the solder joints. Typical LGA solder joint dimensions, however, tend to facilitate greater undercooling and the formation of an alternative interlaced twinning microstructure. A systematic study was undertaken to identify the parameters that control the interlaced twinning microstructure. Sn grain structures were characterized by crossed polarizer microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Precipitate sizes and distributions were measured using backscattered scanning electron microscopy and quantified using image analysis software. Systematic effects of solder alloy, dimensions and pad finishes were identified. Recommendations are made as to design and materials selection. The practicality of controlling the desired microstructure, as well as potential disadvantages for certain applications is discussed.

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George, Elviz, Diganta Das, Michael Osterman, Michael Pecht, and Christopher Otte. "Physics of Failure Based Virtual Testing of Communications Hardware." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12181.

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Communications hardware for high reliability systems are starting to include modern low profile parts such as Quad Flat Pack No-lead (QFN) and Land Grid Array (LGA) packages to take advantage of their size and weight. In these parts, heat sinks often provide a conductive thermal dissipation path. Printed circuit assemblies with these parts will still need to meet the industry specific qualification requirements for thermal and vibration testing. It is beneficial to identify if the equipment will be able to meet the qualification test requirements during the design phase particularly when new technology insertions are being made. In this design, various surface mount packages like LGAs, QFNs and so on were used in a printed circuit board which included two stiffening layers with non-standard laminates. calcePWA is a simulation software which estimates the cycles to failure of components under various loading conditions using Physics of Failure (PoF). The cycles to failure simulation of this design using calcePWA software identified the critical interconnects that are at risk for failure under non-operational test conditions. The design was also evaluated under a long haul aircraft profile, with the assembly in operational state. In operational state simulation, the effectiveness of thermal shunts in reducing board to component thermal differentials was evaluated. Effects of degradations of the thermal shunts with time were used in the evaluation. Results showed that the vibration and shock reliability were less of a concern than thermal cycling for this board layout. Risk mitigation methods for thermal cycling durability were identified and recommended to be used in the system redesign.

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Medepalli, Praneeth, and Grzegorz Deptuch. Studies of Front-End Electronics for High-Precision Timing Measurements with LGADs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615358.

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Aromolaran, Adebayo B., and Milu Muyanga. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.005.

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This report presents an early assessment of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural commercialisation, food and nutrition security, labour and employment, and poverty and well-being in rural Nigeria. Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 110 respondent households drawn from five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ogun (Ijebu East, Obafemi Owode, and Imeko Afon) and Kaduna (Chikun and Soba) States. At the time of the survey, these LGAs had reported a small number of COVID-19 cases. The survey data is complemented by insights from five in-depth key informant interviews conducted in the LGAs. The APRA COVID-19 data collection will be carried out over three rounds. This report presents insights obtained from the first round implemented during mid-July 2020.

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Ogwuike, Clinton Obinna, and Chimere Iheonu. Stakeholder Perspectives on Improving Educational Outcomes in Enugu State. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/034.

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Education remains crucial for socioeconomic development and is linked to improved quality of life. In Nigeria, basic education has remained poor and is characterised by unhealthy attributes, including low quality infrastructure and a lack of effective management of primary and secondary schools. Access to education is a massive issue—according to the United Nations, there are currently about 10.5 million out of school children in Nigeria, and 1 in every 5 of the world’s out-of-school-children lives in Nigeria despite the fact that primary education in Nigeria is free. A considerable divide exists between the northern and southern regions of Nigeria, with the southern region performing better across most education metrics. That said, many children in southern Nigeria also do not go to school. In Nigeria’s South West Zone, 2016 data from the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education reveals that Lagos State has the highest number of out of school children with more than 560,000 children aged 6-11 not going to school. In the South South Zone, Rivers State has the highest number of out-of-school children; more than 900,000 children aged 6-11 are not able to access education in this state. In Enugu State in the South East Zone, there are more than 340,000 children who do not have access to schooling (2016 is the most recent year high-quality data is available—these numbers have likely increased due to the impacts of COVID-19). As part of its political economy research project, the RISE Nigeria team conducted surveys of education stakeholders in Enugu State including teachers, parents, school administrators, youth leaders, religious leaders, and others in December 2020. The team also visited 10 schools in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Nsukka LGA, and Udi LGA to speak to administrators and teachers, and assess conditions. It then held three RISE Education Summits, in which RISE team members facilitated dialogues between stakeholders and political leaders about improving education policies and outcomes in Enugu. These types of interactions are rare in Nigeria and have the potential to impact the education sector by increasing local demand for quality education and government accountability in providing it. Inputs from the surveys in the LGAs determined the education sector issues included in the agenda for the meeting, which political leaders were able to see in advance. The Summits culminated with the presentation of a social contract, which the team hopes will aid stakeholders in the education sector in monitoring the government’s progress on education priorities. This article draws on stakeholder surveys and conversations, insights from the Education Summits, school visits, and secondary data to provide an overview of educational challenges in Enugu State with a focus on basic education. It then seeks to highlight potential solutions to these problems based on local stakeholders’ insights from the surveys and the outcomes of the Education Summits.

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