Дисертації з теми "Lex regia"
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1
Waquet, François. "Le transfert légal de l’Empire : la lex regia entre pratique politique et modèle théorique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ASSA0087.
Анотація:
La révolution politique romaine dont les XII Tables furent la traduction juridique consista dans la limitation du pouvoir (imperium) des magistrats par la loi, dont le peuple était seul auteur. Mais l’invention du légalisme romain fut plus tardive et plus durable : la loi devint aussi la source de tout pouvoir dans la cité, faisant de l’imperium une notion juridique. Un tel légalisme permit de conférer des pouvoirs extra-légaux, de telle sorte que les leges regiae de imperio, dont la pratique répétée est attestée outre le cas de Vespasien, prolongeaient sous l’Empire la forme républicaine du gouvernement. La jurisprudence romaine ramena cette pratique politique à un modèle unitaire, la lex regia. Quand l’Empire devint chrétien, la source divine du pouvoir entra en compétition avec le légalisme romain. Néanmoins, celui-ci survécut et continua d’être utilisé dans l’Empire tardif en tant que modèle théorique ; Justinien ne manqua pas de le reprendre dans ses compilations, en même temps que les affirmations chrétiennes d’un imperium a Deo, mais pour en déduire le caractère unitaire, indivisible, législatif et impérial de tout le droit. Ce double héritage se retrouve dans les interprétations des docteurs médiévaux, qui insistèrent néanmoins sur la conception juridique de l’empire et conséquemment sur ses limites. L’humanisme juridique, par l’épigraphie et l’histoire, brisa le modèle unitaire de la lex regia en redécouvrant la pratique politique des leges regiae de imperio, une pour chaque prince. Un tel apport entraîna une novation de la lex regia, qui de loi royale devint loi du royaume, à la fois source et limite de l’empire des rois héritiers de RomeThe Roman political revolution of which the Twelfth Tables were the legal expression consisted in limiting the power (imperium) of magistrates through the lex, of which the people were the sole author. But the invention of Roman legalism was later and more lasting : the lex also became the source of all power in the city, making imperium a legal concept. Such legalism made it possible to confer extra-legal powers, so that the leges regiae de imperio, the repeated practice of which is attested in addition to the case of Vespasian, extended the republican form of government under the Empire. Roman jurisprudence reduced this political practice to a unitary model, the lex regia. When the Empire became Christian came into competition with Roman legalism. Nevertheless, the latter survived and continued to be used in the late Empire as a theoretical model; Justinian did not fail to take it up in his compilations, along with the Christian assertions of an imperium a Deo, but to deduce from it the unitary, indivisible, legislative and imperial character of all law. This dual heritage is reflected in the interpretations of medieval doctors, who nevertheless insisted on the legal conception of empire and, consequently, on its limits. Legal humanists, through epigraphy and history, shattered the unitary model of the lex regia by rediscovering the political practice of leges regiae de imperio, one for each prince. This contribution led to an novation of the lex regia, which went from being a royal law to becoming a law of the realm, both the source and the limit of the empire of kings claiming Roman heritage
2
Banks, Stan R. "Development of gustatory sensilla in cultured imaginal leg discs of the blowfly Phormia regina." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56647.
Анотація:
Gustatory sensilla in the blowfly Phormia regina contain five phenotypically distinct neurons. The neurons are thought to arise from a common precursor, however, little is known about their lineage or about how each one comes to assume a unique fate. This study examines the possibility that the neurons arise from a repeatedly dividing stem cell, in which case, the neuronal fate may be determined by birth order. To determine if the neurons are born at different times, their times of birth were assessed. This was achieved by using Hydroxyurea to arrest the gustatory neural precursors at different times throughout the development of the sensillum. Thus, each neuron's time of birth, relative to the arrest, was reflected by its presence or absence. The results show that the five neurons are born in a relatively short interval, and hence, cannot arise from five successive divisions of a stem cell. Therefore, the fate of each neuron cannot be determined solely by its time of birth.
3
Alves, Georges. "Les cellules associées aux vaisseaux (CAVs) chez Juglans regia : étude de l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21475.
Анотація:
Chez les angiospermes, les cellules associées aux vaisseaux (CAVs) sont situées à la jonction entre les voies de transport vertical de la sève xylémienne et les voies de transport radial des nutriments. Les flux de sucres entre ces deux tissus via les CAVs se font par 2 mouvements opposés : l'efflux et l'influx. L'influx se ferait par un co-transport H+/sucres dépendant du gradient de pH généré par l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme. Nous avons entrepris d'étudier les CAVs et notamment leurs ATPases-H=+ du plasmalemme afin de définir leurs rôles chez le noyer. En hiver, nous avons observé, une faible activité de l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme dans la partie apicale du rameau, contrairement à la partie basale. Au printemps, à la reprise de croissance, nous avons observé une forte activité de l'APTase et un fort marquage dans des les VACs de la partie apicale du rameau. Ces résultats sont bien corrélés à l'évolution des capacités de débourrement des bourgeons sur un rameau de l'année
4
Laplatte, Claude. "Algo nuevo sobre la regla: "Nadie puede ignorar la ley"." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115389.
5
Benedetti, Matteo <1980>. "Raffaele Regio: commento alle metamorfosi di Ovidio: In Ovidii metamorphosin enarrationes (libri I-IV)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/446.
6
Vallecillo, Rodríguez Sara. "Los cambios en el paisaje y su efecto sobre la distribución de las especies: modelización y aplicación a la conservación de las aves de hábitats abiertos en paisajes mediterráneos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8354.
Анотація:
Los cambios ocurridos en el paisaje durante las últimas décadas de siglo XX han originado la degradación de numerosos hábitats afectando negativamente a la biodiversidad a una escala global. En la región mediterránea, la expansión del bosque y homogeneización del paisaje como consecuencia del abandono rural ha actuado en detrimento de las aves con preferencia por hábitats abiertos (no boscosos). Sin embargo, perturbaciones como los incendios forestales han actuado en sentido opuesto, manteniendo la disponibilidad de hábitats abiertos y la heterogeneidad paisajística (mosaico de hábitats) favorable para estas aves. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido la identificación de los procesos ecológicos determinantes de los cambios en la distribución de las aves de hábitats abiertos en respuesta a los cambios en los usos del suelo a escala de paisaje. Para ello se han aplicado modelos de hábitat utilizando datos del Atles dels Ocells Nidificants de Catalunya y cartografía de diferentes factores ambientales (e.g. usos del suelo, topografía, clima). Además, se han utilizado los modelos de hábitat en la selección de áreas prioritarias para la conservación de las aves de hábitats abiertos minimizando la posible amenaza que los cambios en los usos del suelo puedan constituir para su persistencia. Como principal proceso de cambio se ha considerado la dinámica paisajística relacionada con el abandono rural y los incendios forestales. Los resultados muestran que la pérdida de hábitat no siempre origina una rápida disminución de la tasa de ocupación, como ocurre en los proceso de fragmentación, sino que cada especie presentará una respuesta diferente a la pérdida de hábitat según la disponibilidad de recursos en hábitats adyacentes (contexto paisajístico). Así, la disponibilidad de hábitats arbustivos a escala de paisaje aumenta el rango potencial de hábitats utilizados por las especies, pudiendo favorecer su resiliencia a la pérdida de hábitat. Sin embargo, las especies muestran respuestas geográficamente variables debido a la heterogeneidad de las condiciones ecológicas a lo largo de su rango de distribución (i.e. hábitats adyacentes y poblaciones de aves vecinas). Esto muestra la importancia del carácter espacial de los procesos ecológicos a escala de paisaje. Además, se ha confirmado que los incendios forestales constituyen un proceso ecológico clave en la dinámica de colonización de nuevas áreas para las aves de hábitats abiertos. Los futuros episodios de incendios pueden ser un factor determinante para mejorar las predicciones sobre los cambios en la distribución de estas especies. En este contexto, para una mayor eficiencia de las medidas de conservación a largo plazo, la selección de áreas prioritarias para la conservación se basó en, además de la actual distribución de las especies, las áreas con mayor probabilidad de mantener en el futuro la disponibilidad de hábitats abiertos mediante el fuego. De forma complementaria, la conservación de estas especies requerirá la gestión controlada mediante el fuego para mantener estadíos iniciales e intermedios de la sucesión con diferente estructura en la vegetación. Esto contribuirá a mantener la heterogeneidad paisajística y favorecer, por lo tanto, la biodiversidad en los paisajes mediterráneos.Landscape changes from the last decades of the 20th century are leading to important declines in habitat quality, giving rise to a negative impact on biodiversity at a global scale. In the Mediterranean region, afforestation and landscape homogenization arising as a consequence of rural land abandonment have been detrimental for bird species with preference for openshrub habitats. However, perturbations such as wildfires have act as opposing driving forces, maintaining the availability of open habitats and the landscape heterogeneity (habitat mosaic) favouring these bird species. The general aim of this thesis has been at identifying the ecological processes behind changes in the distribution of open-habitat bird species in response to the land-cover changes at the landscape scale. For this purpose, habitat models have been performed using data from the Atles dels Ocells Nidificants de Catalunya and cartography about environmental conditions (e.g. land-uses, topography and climate). Moreover, habitat models have been applied in the selection of priority areas for conservation of these bird species, but minimizing the likely threats of landcover changes for the species persistence. Landscape dynamics arising from rural abandonment and wildfires have been considered as the main process behind land-cover changes. The results showed that habitat loss for open-habitat bird species did not always yield a rapid decline in the occupation rate (i.e. fragmentation process), but each species may show a different response to habitat loss according to the available resources in adjacent habitats (landscape context). In this way, shrubland availability at the landscape scale may increase the potential range of the habitat used by the species, favouring the species resilience to habitat changes. However, species response may be geographically variable due to the heterogeneity in ecological conditions throughout the species range (i.e. adjacent habitat and nearby bird populations). This showed the important spatial character of the ecological processes determining species distributions at the landscape scale. Furthermore, the results confirmed the important role of fire regime for open-habitat bird species as a key disturbance process driving colonization dynamics in new available areas. Future fire events may constitute a determinant factor to improve model predictions about changes in bird species distributions. In this context, selection of priority areas for conservation was based on the current habitat suitability of the species but also on the areas showing larger probability of future maintenance of open habitats due to the role of fires. This will contribute to achieve larger efficiency of conservation measurements in the long term. Additionally, conservation of open-habitat bird species appeared to require fire management to maintain early and intermediate succession stages with a diversity of vegetation structure. This may contribute to favour landscape heterogeneity and, therefore, to preserve biodiversity in Mediterranean landscapes.
7
LIBONATI, MARIAROSA. "Alle origini della storiografia umanistica aragonese. Edizione critica e studio dei "Gesta Alfonsi regis" di Tommaso Chaula." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/140704.
Анотація:
Il lavoro di tesi consiste nell’edizione critica dei Gesta Alfonsi regis dell’umanista siciliano Tommaso Chaula, corredati da uno studio introduttivo, dalla traduzione in italiano e da note di commento. Il testo latino dell’opera, di tipo storiografico, è noto attraverso la trascrizione diplomatica (di assai problematica intelligibilità) dello storico siciliano Raffaele Starrabba, pubblicata a Palermo nel 1904: il manoscritto, infatti, il Membr. 60 dell’Archivio di Stato di Napoli, è andato distrutto nel 1943. La trascrizione di Starrabba tuttavia non offre alcun supporto utile alla comprensione e alla fruizione del testo: non compie alcun intervento correttivo, preserva intatta la disorganica prassi ortografica del ms. (anche mantenendo le parole unite o divise in maniera scorretta), lascia tutti gli errori, dei quali si limita, raramente, a indicare in nota possibili ipotesi interpretative. Pertanto, partendo da questa fedele trascrizione diplomatica, che è stata trattata come fosse una sorta di riproduzione fotografica del manoscritto, è stata realizzata l’edizione critica dell’opera storiografica con l’intento di restituire il testo a più piena intelligibilità. L’edizione è stata realizzata anche collazionando le varianti trasmesse dal ms. AM833 (ff. 184r al 195r) conservato nel fondo principale della Kongelige Bibliothek di Copenaghen. Questo codice, composito e vergato da varie mani riconducibili alla seconda metà del XVI secolo, tuttavia, offre solo un compendio molto parziale dell’opera. L’edizione critica è introdotta da uno studio diviso in 4 capitoli: I. Storia e storiografia: l’Italia tra i secoli XIV e XV; II. Biografia dell’autore; III. I cinque libri delle gesta compiute da Alfonso d’Aragona: analisi e contenuto; IV. Lettura e interpretazione dell’opera storiografica. Dunque, il profilo dell’umanista siciliano è stato inserito nell’ampio scenario storico del primo Umanesimo e all’interno di quel dibattito culturale teso a definire il metodo di scrivere la storia; le scarse informazioni biografiche fin’ora note sono state integrate con l’individuazione di nuovi documenti, rinvenuti nel corso di un periodo di studio e ricerca trascorso presso l’Archivio della Corona d’Aragona, a Barcellona. L’esame della produzione letteraria precedente ai Gesta Alfonsi regis è stato necessario per far emergere la formazione e la personalità dell’autore. Dopo aver esposto il contenuto dei cinque libri e quindi le vicende politiche del regno di Napoli e le imprese di Alfonso il Magnanimo compiute tra il 1420-1424, è stata analizzata la struttura compositiva dell’opera attraverso l’analisi delle fonti. L’esame dettagliato della struttura e dei caratteri dell’opera ha permesso, infine, di inserirla nel dibattito storiografico umanistico della metà del XV sec., in quanto, oltre ad essere la prima opera d’ambito italiano dedicata ad Alfonso d’Aragona, nella narrazione storica evidenzia proprio quel nuovo metodo umanistico di scrivere la storia che si sviluppò presso la corte aragonese di Napoli. Attraverso l’edizione critica, è possibile, dunque, rivalutare l’importanza di un’opera storiografica che si rivela assai rilevante. In largo anticipo rispetto a quelle più note e studiate di Bartolomeo Facio, di Antonio Panormita o di Lorenzo Valla, essa testimonia, infatti, l’interesse per la scrittura della storia: un genere innovativo dalle forti connotazioni sia “propagandistiche” che etiche. Presentando taluni caratteri propri dello speculum principis, allo stesso tempo costituiva anche lo strumento privilegiato per l’elaborazione delle complesse strategie di legittimazione di un sovrano, che, come Alfonso il Magnanimo, alla sua corte fece germinare una peculiare forma di Umanesimo “monarchico”, che importanti esiti e ricadute ebbe nell’Europa dei decenni successivi.
8
Vall, Casas Aurora. "Les biblioteques per a pacients: descrivint el present, imaginant el futur (La Regió Sanitària Barcelona)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/98476.
Анотація:
Objectius: resoldre el conflicte semàntic inherent al terme biblioteca per a pacients (BPAP) des dels seus orígens, elaborar un estat de la qüestió de la situació actual per conèixer el grau d'implantació d'aquestes biblioteques a partir de l'estudi dels hospitals de la Xarxa Hospitalària d'Utilització Pública de Catalunya (XHUP) de la Regió Sanitària Barcelona (RSB) i establir un marc de treball per a l'elaboració d'unes directrius específiques per a les BPAP catalanes.
Metodologia: partint de la base que aquest servei als ciutadans hospitalitzats forma part dels compromisos que té la biblioteca pública (BP) amb la societat, es realitza un estudi paral•lel des de la perspectiva dels hospitals, com s'havia fet tradicionalment, i des de la BP. La revisió bibliogràfica permet una visió de realitats i experiències internacionals i espanyoles. Per al cas català, s'ha completat amb un treball de camp: s'han descrit les BPAP dels hospitals de la XHUP de la RSB com a mostra extrapolable a tot Catalunya (formen part de l'administració pública, representen més del 50% dels hospitals de la XHUP, n'hi ha de tots els nivells i especialitats, s'ubiquen tant dins d'una gran ciutat com en nuclis urbans més petits). La metodologia seguida garanteix un 100% de respostes amb una màxima qualitat i adequació (entrevistes telefòniques per a tota la mostra i visites a BP i hospitals en els casos més significatius).
Resultats del treball de camp: el 50% dels hospitals de la XHUP de la RSB tenen una BPAP de les quals el 29% compta amb la participació de la BP i el 71% és un servei independent. L'anàlisi qualitatiu de les dades mostra serveis amb una qualitat molt baixa, a càrrec de voluntaris amb nul•la formació bibliotecària i sense interès per l'animació lectora. Cap biblioteca ofereix informació relacionada amb la salut i tots els responsables (bibliotecaris i voluntaris) es neguen a qualsevol actuació en aquest sentit des de la BPAP. Els casos en què la BP hi participa la qualitat del servei millora substancialment; amb tot, la relació entre hospital i BP no es ni tan fluida ni tan freqüent com caldria. Les BP son conscients de les seves funcions però la manca de recursos humans i la complexitat de la gestió ho dificulten. Els gestors dels hospitals desconeixen el potencial de la BP en relació amb la creació i administració d’un servei bibliotecari per a pacients dins del mateix hospital com la col•laboració que poden establir-hi per a l’acompliment de les funcions educatives sanitàries. Es produeix una infrautilització de recursos.
Conclusions: la BPAP tradicional (un carro amb llibres i revistes per entretenir) ha quedat superada per raó dels canvis socials i culturals però també per la incorporació de les TIC. Es proposa un nou model de BPAP entès com un servei amb una doble funció: permetre continuar exercint el dret a l'accés a la cultura i a la informació per part dels malalts malgrat la seva hospitalització tal com es recull al Manifest de la Unesco de la biblioteca pública (1994), i facilitar el dret a la informació sobre la pròpia salut i a una educació sanitària. Per a l'elaboració d'unes directrius caldrà tenir en compte el potencial que existeix en la col•laboració entre BP, BPAP i les biblioteques especialitzades en ciències de la salut dels propis hospitals així com els grans avantatges que suposen les TIC. Una BPAP ha de comptar amb un bibliotecari professional, un pressupost propi i el compromís i la implicació tant de la BP com de l'hospital.Objectives: to resolve the inherent semantic conflict in the term library for patients from its origins; to develop a state of the art of the present situation to determine the degree of implementation of these libraries from the study of the hospitals in the Hospital Network of Public Use in Catalonia at the Health Area of Barcelona as a extrapolated sample for all Catalonia; and establish a framework for the development of guidelines specific to the Catalan libraries for patients. Methodology: on the basis that this service to hospitalized citizens is part of the commitments the public library has with society, a paralel study is done from the perspective of the hospitals, as it had traditionally been done, and from that of the public library. Field research results: The analysis of the data shows services of low quality, in charge of volunteers with null librarian training and without interest in the reading animation. Any library offers information related with health and the managers do not consider it necessary. In the cases in which the public library takes part the quality of the service improves substantially. Public libraries are aware of their functions, while hospital managers don't know the potential of the public library in regard to the creation and management of a library service for patients. It is produced an underuse of resources. Conclusions: the traditional library for patients has been surpassed due to the social and cultural changes and to the incorporation of the IT. It is proposed a new model of library for patients with a dual function: allow hospitalized people to continue exerting the right to the access to culture and information, as stated in the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto (1994) and facilitate the right to the information on one's own health and to a sanitary education. For the preparation of guidelines it will be necessary to take into account the potential that exists in the collaboration between public libraries, libraries for patients and libraries specialized in health science of the hospitals as well as the big advantages that suppose the IT. A library for patients should have a professional librarian, its own budget and the commitment and the involvement of both the public library and the hospital.
9
Monroy, Mejías Claudio Esteban. "Naturaleza jurídico penal de la regla de exclusión de punibilidad del artículo 4 de la ley 20.084." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129989.
Анотація:
Tesis (magíster en derecho con mención en derecho penal)Este trabajo busca precisar la naturaleza jurídica y el por qué de la regla especial de exclusión de punibilidad del artículo 4 de la Ley 20084. Primeramente, a través de la historia del establecimiento de la ley, incluyendo los objetivos del mensaje Presidencial que le dio origen, este trabajo describirá las características especiales del sistema implementado de responsabilidad penal de los adolescentes, fijando algunos temas fundamentales para comprender los fines de la Ley. Conceptos como responsabilidad, imputabilidad penal, bien jurídico tutelado y culpabilidad son claves a la hora de precisar cuál es el objetivo del artículo 4 de la Ley 20084
10
López, Villanueva Cristina. "Transformacions de la família i les llars a Barcelona i la seva regió metropolitana. 1991-1996." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2969.
Анотація:
Des de la segona meitat dels anys 60, a alguns països de l'Europa del nord i de l'Europa occidental s'han produït una sèrie de transformacions demogràfiques com són la caiguda i el retardament de la fecunditat i de la nupcialitat, l'increment de les ruptures, el creixement dels fills nascuts fora del matrimoni o l'augment de la longevitat. Aquests canvis incideixen en la manera de formar i dissoldre llars i en la formació de noves formes de convivència. Els canvis flexibilitzen els itineraris en el curs de vida familiar i es diversifica l'estructura i composición de les llars. La Teoria de la Segona Transició Demogràfica proveeix d'un marc explicatiu per estudiar aquestes transformacions.Aquests canvis es produeixen als països del Sud d'Europa d'una manera més tardana, però amb una forta intensitat i celeritat. En canvi, les noves formes convivencials que en resulten han incidit de manera feble en les estructures familiars espanyoles, catalanes i metropolitanes.
L'objectiu principal d'aquest treball és analitzar les transformacions demogràfiques i com aquestes han incidit en l'estructura i composició de les llars a la ciutat de Barcelona i la Regió Metropolitana, i un segon objectiu és el d'estudiar l'especificitat dels trets de les llars metropolitanes.
Una de les principals aportacions d'aquest treball és, precisament, el considerar dues unitats d'anàlisi: el grup i l'individu. El grup el constitueixen les unitats residencials de les quals s'analitza la seva distribució i, respecte a l'individu, s'estudien les característiques de les persones que resideixen en cadascun dels tipus de llar i la seva relació amb la persona principal.
Les fonts utilitzades per a l'elaboració de la recerca han estat el Cens de de Població de 1991 i l'Estadística de Població de 1996 a partir d'una explotació específica sol.licitada a l'Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
Respecte a les llars, els temes que han despertat especial atenció i han estructurat la recerca són la distribució i evolució de les seves estructures. Pel que fa a les persones, s'ha estudiat el sexe, l'edat i l'estat civil de la població resident a cada unitat residencial i la relació de parentiu de la població amb la persona principal.
From the second half of the sixties, in some North and West European countries a series of demographic transformations have been produced: the fall and the delay of the fertility and marriage, the growth of breakups, the increase of births outside marriage, and the raise of longevity. These changes affect the way of forming and dissolving families as well as the households structures. The family course life diversifies itineraries. The Second Demographic Transition provides an explanatory framework.
The evolution of demographic phenomena is produced later in the South European countries although with a strong intensity and celerity. However, the new resulting lifestyles have a little effect upon the Spanish, Catalan and metropolitan households structures.
The first goal of this thesis consist in analyze the demographic changes and their effect to composition and structure of households in the city of Barcelona and the Metropolitan Region; the second goal is to study the specificity of the metropolitan family features.
For this research, the 1991 Census of Population and the 1996 Statistics of Population have been used as a sources, starting from a specific exploitation requested to the Institute of Statistics of Catalonia.
11
Antonell, Boixader Anna. "Evolució molecular i estudi funcional de gens localitzats a les duplicacions segmentàries de la regió 7q11.23." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7151.
Анотація:
En aquest treball es presenta l'evolució molecular i estudi funcional de gens localitzats a les duplicacions segmentàries de la regió 7q11.23, implicada en la Síndrome de Williams-Beuren (SWB). S'ha datat l'aparició d'aquestes duplicacions en els últims 25 milions d'anys d'evolució i s'ha proposat un model evolutiu amb reordenaments específics i mecanismes de generació. Correlacions clínico-moleculars en els pacients amb la SWB han permès determinar que l'haploinsuficiència per NCF1, un gen localitzat a les duplicacions, és un factor protector per hipertensió. S'ha proposat un model patogènic per la hipertensió, implicant l'oxidasa NAD(P)H i estrès oxidatiu, suggerint que noves estratègies terapèutiques podrien ser utilitzades. A més, s'ha caracteritzat parcialment la funció de GTF2IRD2, un altre gen de les duplicacions. GTF2IRD2 interacciona amb altres factors de transcripció relacionats, té una localització subcel·lular variable i no s'uneix a ADN. Aquests resultats contribueixen a conèixer millor els mecanismes mutacionals i patogènics de la SWB.This work presents the molecular evolution along with the functional analysis of the genes located in the segmental duplications flanking the 7q11.23 region, involved in Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). The generation of the segmental duplications has been dated to the last 25 million years of evolution and an evolutionary model with specific rearrangements and mechanisms has been proposed. Clinical-molecular correlations in WBS patients have allowed to determine that haploinsufficiency at NCF1, a gene located in the duplications, is a protective factor for hypertension. A pathogenic model for hypertension has been proposed, implicating NAD(P)H oxidase and oxidative stress, and suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be used. In addition, the functional characterization of another gene of the duplications, GTF2IRD2, has been partially achieved. GTF2IRD2 has been shown to interact with other related transcription factors, to display variable subcellular localization and to lack DNA binding properties. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the mutational and pathogenic mechanisms of the WBS.
12
Lemos, Julio Cesar Lazzarini. "A propriedade fundiária arcaica: nova interpretação da regra do usus auctoritas fundi da Lei das XII tábuas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-02052012-154402/.
Анотація:
A chamada regra do usus auctoritas, presente na Lei das XII tábuas, é apontada, desde Cujácio (séc. XVI), e daí em diante por muitos juristas, como sendo uma antiga norma sobre a garantia do vendedor por meio de negócio formal, mancipatio em caso de evicção; o próprio sentido do vocábulo auctoritas seria «garantia», ou mesmo «dever de prestar garantia», neste caso particular inseparável da mancipatio. Mas o fragmento que traz essa regra USUS AUCTORITAS FUNDI BIENNIUM EST[O] nos foi transmitido por Cícero e (embora de forma já interpretada) Gaio; e estes a consideram uma espécie de antiga norma a respeito do usucapião (inicialmente apenas de imóveis). Outros juristas antigos e contemporâneos seguiram, em parte, essa interpretação original. O trabalho pretende trazer novos argumentos em favor dessa exegese natural de Cícero e Gaio no sentido de que a dita regra versa sobre usucapião, mais especificamente sobre uma sua forma arcaica e bastante peculiar. Investiga-se o surgimento da propriedade imobiliária em Roma e suas peculiaridades: o sistema augural, quase religioso, de limitação do solo destinado, no início, a todo cidadão romano, conferido por meio de atos de adsignatio (concessão) pelo «estado» em formação, que detinha a auctoritas ou poder; a passagem da soberania das gentes pré-romanas aos Quirites; a gradual privatização a atribuição dessa auctoritas coletiva e diretamente quiritária ao proprietário dessas parcelas de terra e a fragmentação do solo pelo direito privado regulado pela Lei das XII tábuas, que confere autonomia (a auctoritas ou título) aos indíviduos e suas famílias. Acrescenta-se uma breve análise lógica da regra e uma tentativa de a inserir no esquema geral do usucapião moderno.The usus auctoritas rule from the Twelve Tables was conceived by Jacques Cujas (16th century AD), and many authors thereafter, as an ancient norm that established a warranty against eviction granted by the seller when transferring the ownership of the thing to the buyer through the performance of mancipatio. According to this view, the very word auctoritas is taken to mean warranty, or else to imply an obligation to give warranty, and is intrinsically associated with mancipatio. But the fragment of the sources that state this rule USUS AUCTORITAS FUNDI BIENNIUM EST[O] were brough to us by Cicero and Gaius (the latter in the form of an interpretation of the norm), and both consider it to be an ancient Roman disposition that originally dealt with usucaption of immovable property only. To a certain extent, various ancient and modern jurists accept the latter interpretation. The object of this thesis is to provide new arguments to support the more natural interpretation adopted by Cicero and Gaius, i.e., that the rule in question deals specifically with an archaic and peculiar form of usucapio. The present work analyzes the emergence of private ownership of immovable property in Rome and its peculiarities: the quasi-religious augural system of land apportionment adopted by the fledging Roman state to assign a lot of land to every Roman citizen through the performance of acts of adsignatio (allotment); the sovereignty transferred by the pre-Roman gentes to the Quirites; the process by which land plots were gradually privatized and landowners acquired this once collective and quiritarian auctoritas, and the resulting land apportionment caused by the application of rules of private law based on the Twelve Tables conferring autonomy (auctoritas or title) to individuals and their families. In the final lines, an attempt is made to provide a logical analysis of the rule and to place it within the general conceptual framework of modern usucaption.
13
Mas, Pujadas Francesc. "Mètode de les transformades integrals en l'obtenció de funcions resposta en processos electròdics, El." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2753.
Анотація:
L'electroquímica ha experimentat un salt significatiu en els darrers anys, donada la possibilitat de control dels sistemes experimentals mitjançant les innovacions tecnològiques. Malgrat això, el caire heterogeni dels processos electroquímics no permet el tractament teòric d'aquests sistemes, tant des d'un punt de vista macroscòpic, ja que un estudi així requeriria l'ús de la termodinàmica de processos irreversibles, la qual és inaplicable donat que a la regió interfacial no es verifica la hipòtesi d'equilibri local, peça clau d'aquesta teoria, com des d'un punt de vista microscòpic, ja que l'estructura ds la regió interfacial és d'una gran complexitat i encara no hi ha models microscòpics que ens descriguin les interfases d'una forma bastant general a menys que es simplifiqui molt el model. Això fa que existeixin formalismes aproximats que permeten estudiar els processos electròdics des d'un punt de vista cinètic on la interfase juga un paper secundari o té una definició purament geomètrica de separació de fases.Cal esmentar que recenment s'ha desenvolupat una teoria general de sistemes (Kalman, Falb i Arbib - 1969; von Bertalanffy et al. - 1972, Aracil - 1978, Epelboin, Gabrielli i Keddam - 1984, entre d'altres) en el cas de no disposar d'una teoria concreta que descrigui el comportament del sistema i la seva evolució devant de pertorbacions externes.
La realització d'una experiència que permeti d'un cantó la regulació i llavors l'anàlisi de processos electròdics i per una altra banda, l'elaboració de models, els quals s'han de comparar amb les dades experimentals, requereix una descripció acurada de les lleis que governen el comportament elèctric i cinètic de la interfase.
Dins d'aquesta línia, el present treball es troba orientat a l'obtenció de funcions resposta de sistemes electroquímics tot utilitzant el mètode matemàtic de les transformades integrals. Si bé aquest mètode ha estat utilitzat en la resolució de determinats sistemes simples, la forma de tractar el problema, havia deixat pas a mètodes de linearització o de simulació numèrica per a resoldre problemes més complexes.
El mètode, que consisteix en transformar el conjunt d'equacions diferencials que descriuen l'evolució de les variables d'estat en un conjunt d'equacions integrals més fàcils de resoldre, s'ha generalitzat per a sistemes en què imposem unes poques hipótesis de caràcter físic. La funció resposta s'obté de forma exacta i permet garantir la bondat de possibles mètodes aproximats a propasar a partir de les equacions integrals. En efecte, en utilitzar el mètode de les aproximacions succesives, s'obtenen solucions analítiques per a aquestes equacions, o sinò sistemes d'equacions funcionals implícites més senzilles que el sistema, d'equacions integrals, tot retrobant les aproximarà ons possibles donades a la bibliografia per a estudiar els mateixos sistemes, la qual cosa ens dóna un marc general i unificat per a deduir de les equacions generals les solucions aproximades.
En el capítol II, s'ha fet un petit resum de l'estat actual de les teories físiques que ens descriuen les interfases electrificades, en particular les electròdiques. Això ens permet escollir quines són les variables d'estat que ens caracteritzaran la interfase.
El capítol III es centra en l'establiment de les equacions diferencials que ens descriuen l'evolució de les variables que ens caracteritza l'estat del sistema, així com de les condicions inicials i de contorn associades amb les característiques del procés i amb els lligams del sistema (variables de control).
Dins dels mètodes matemàtics més emprats per a resoldre aquest tipus d'equacions que trobem en el capítol III, en el capítol IV esmentem els més importants, i d'entre ells destaquem el mètode de les transformades integrals que es el que desenvolupem en els capítols V i VI, dedicats l'un a trobar les variables d' estat i l'altra a trobar les funcions resposta, en especial la intensitat i la càrrega total,d'un procés elemental de transferència
de càrrega, bescanviada a la interfase electròdica. Els sistemes estudiats, centrant-nos en llur geometria i règim hidrodinàmic, són l'elèctrode pla estacionari, l'elèctrode esfèric estacionari, l'elèctrode de gotes de mercuri, tant dins del model de pla en expansió com d'esfera, en expansió i l'elèctrod&ae disc rotatori.
En el capítol VII, es fa l'aplicació d'aquest formalisme a un exemple concret, el de la polarografia, que ha estat molt estudiat en casos sense complicacions degudes a l'adsorció a la interfase electròdica. En aquest cas s'han resol les equacions plantejades per a descriure el procés, amb les hipòtesis fetes en els darrers capítols, i quan l'adsorció dels components de la reacció segueixen una isoterma de Langmuir o de Frurnkin. Això ens permetrà valorar l'exactitud de les altres tècniques matemàtiques emprades per a resoldre aquest problema, generalment de forma aproximada, algunes de les quals es dedueixen de les equacions generals plantejades al aplicar el mètode d'aproximacions succesives per a resoldre les equacions integrals que surten. A més a més es veu l'aplicabilitat del mètode per a resoldre casos en què les tècniques convencionals no ho aconsegueixen o porten a equacions d'un grau molt elevat de complexitat per a dur-ho a la pràctica.
Aquest estudi es troba restringit als processos electròdics convencionals, puix que pot extendre's a la caracterització d'altres tipus de processos en què s'escaiguin hipòtesis similars. En particular, i a títol d'exemple, cal destacar l'ús d'aquest mètode en el futur esclariment de certs processos biològics, com ara el transport d'informació al cervell (González - 1984, Ghizmadzhev i Pastushenko - 1985) mitjançant el sistema nerviós.
14
Migdal, Anna. "Regina Cœli : les images de la Vierge et le culte des reliques : tableaux-reliquaires polonais à l’époque médiévale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20045/document.
Анотація:
Le corpus d’œuvres et la synthèse des études menées sur les images de dévotion à l’époque médiévale n’ont jamais approfondi, dans le contexte européen, la question des peintures mariales ayant fonction de porte-reliques. Le modèle de tableau-reliquaire : panneau unique, diptyque et triptyque comprenant le portrait de la Vierge à l’Enfant peint sur bois (plus rarement sur verre églomisé) enchâssé dans un large cadre incrusté de reliques (parfois de pierres précieuses) se répandit particulièrement sur le territoire de la Petite-Pologne à partir des environs de 1420. Les reliquaires polonais, connus jusqu’au début du XVIe siècle, doivent sans doute être considérés comme une adaptation des types iconiques et formels de provenance byzantine, lesquels furent réinterprétés dans la peinture du Trecento italien. Il s’agit notamment du modèle siennois de retable portatif marial popularisé dès les années 1330-1340. D’après l’étude comparative des œuvres, relative à leurs caractéristiques similaires et leur ancienneté, on envisage l’arrivée d’un tel concept formel en Pologne soit directement de l’Italie, soit par l’intermédiaire de la Bohême.L’expansion des tableaux-reliquaires, typiques de l’art toscan, s’inscrivit au XVe siècle en Europe centrale dans le mouvement général du renouveau de piété, qu’était la devotio moderna. De sorte qu’à côté des représentations singulières, spécialement vénérées au cours des offices liturgiques et paraliturgiques, on voit se répandre des reliquaires moins coûteux dans l’espace privé. Appréciés dans l’intimité des couvents – franciscains et dominicains –, ainsi que dans celle du quotidien des laïcs, ils étaient utilisés comme des autels domestiques ou bien comme des autels pliables de voyage. Ces images d’affection religieuse constituent un phénomène artistique du bas Moyen Âge. Et, quelques-uns des reliquaires semblables connus postérieurement n’assurent pas une véritable continuité de l’ancien modèle à l’époque moderneScholarly investigation of devotional images from the medieval period has never explored, in a European context, the question of Marian paintings functioning as portable relics. The model of the « picture-reliquary » : a single, diptych, or triptych panel comprsing the por-trait of the Virgin and Child painted on wood (or, more rarely, on gilded glass, verre églomisé) set in a large framework encrusted with relics (occasionally with precious stones) was particularly widespread in the territory of Little Poland from c. 1420. Polish reliquaries, known until the beginning of the 16th century, should be considered as an adaptation of iconic types and forms of Byzantine provenance, which were reinterpreted in the painting of the Italian Trecento. Of particular note is the Siennese model of the portable Marian altar piece made popular from the 1330s-40s. From the comparative study of the works, concerning their similarities and their antiquity, one envisages the advent of such a formal concept in Poland either directly from Italy, or by the intermediary of Bohemia.The diffusion of picture-reliquaries, typical of Tuscan art, forms part of the general movement toward a renewal of piety in central Europe in the 15th century, the devotio moderna. As a result, alongside singular representations, especially venerated in the course of liturgical or paraliturgical offices, one sees less costly reliquaries spread in private space. Appreciated in the intimate setting of convents – Franciscan and Dominican – as well as that of the daily life of the laity, these relics were used as domestic altars or as folding altars for travel. These images of religious affection constitute an artistic phenomenon of the late Middle Ages. And, several similar reliquaries known later do not guarantee a veritable continuity of the ancient model to the modern era
Die erhaltenen Überblicksdarstellungen und Spezialuntersuchungen zu den Frömmigkeitsbildern des Mittelalters haben sich niemals – im europäischen Kontext – mit der Frage derjenigen Mariendarstellungen auseinandergesetzt, die die Funktion von Tragereliquien inne hatten. Das Modell des Reliquien-Bildes – einfaches Tafel-bild, Diptychon oder Triptychon mit einer Darstellung der Jungfrau mit dem Kind, gemalt auf Holz (seltener auf Glas), umschlossen von einem breiten Rahmen, in den Reliquien (mitunter auch Edelsteine) eingefügt sind – verbreitet sich ca. ab 1420 ins-besondere auf dem Gebiet Kleinpolens. Diese polnischen Reliquiare, bekannt bis zum Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts, können ohne Zweifel als Adaptation ikonischer und formaler Typen byzantinischer Provenienz angesehen werden, die in der Malerei des italienischen Trecento wiederinterpretiert wurden. Dabei handelt es sich vor allem um das Sieneser Model des marianischen Tragaltars, verbreitet seit den Jahren 1330-1340. Folgt man den vergleichenden Untersuchungen der erhaltenen Stücke mit Blick auf ihre übereinstimmenden Charakteristika und ihr Alter, wird das Auf-greifen eines solchen formalen Konzepts in Polen entweder direkt aus Italien oder indirekt über Böhmen wahrscheinlich.Die Ausbreitung dieser Tafel-Reliquiare, typisch für die toskanische Kunst, verbindet sich im 15. Jahrhundert in Mitteleuropa mit der umfassenden Bewegung einer Er-neuerung der Frömmigkeit, bekannt auch unter dem Namen devotio moderna. Dies führt dazu, daß neben einzelnen, vor allem im Rahmen liturgischer oder paraliturgi-scher Veranstaltungen verehrten Darstellungen, zunehmend weniger kostspielige Reliquiare auch in den privaten Raum vordringen. Gehütet sowohl in der Intimität der Klöster – franziskanisch und dominikanisch – als auch im täglichen Lebensraum der Laien, wurden sie als Hausaltäre oder auch als zusammenklappbare Reisealtäre verwendet. Diese Darstellungen religiösen Affekts stellen ein künstlerisches Phäno-men des Spätmittelalters dar. Einige der ähnlichen, allerdings später entstandenen Reliquiare garantieren allerdings keine überzeugende Kontinuität vom alten Modell hin zur Neuzeit
15
Mello, Deniele Naiara Perotti. "Texto, música e cena de Elis Regina em Alô, alô marciano de Rita Lee e Roberto de Carvalho." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/AAGS-9KGGCN.
Анотація:
The study of Brazilian popular music and the processes envolving its learning and performance are among the the most recent and relevant trends in scholarly research. For the popular singers, a most useful teaching and selfteaching tools is the modeling based on stablished performances by relevant artists. Even after her death, Brazilian singer Elis Regina (1945-1982)is still considered one of the most important marks in the interpretation of Brazilian music, displaying impeccable technique, musicality and stage acting. Departing from two video recordings by Elis Regina of the song Alô, alô, marciano by Brazilians musicians Rita Lee e Roberto de Carvalho, the present study focused on the lyrics, music and stage performance of the singer, based on (1) eight principles by Russian actor, theatre director, pedagogue and writer Constantin Stanislavski (1863-1938), selected among the principles established in his system for stage acting and (2) key concepts from discourse analysis and intertextuality. It was observed an imbrication between elements of popular music performance and theatre performance in the construction and resignification, what opens possibilities for the construction and consolidation of well structures performances for the popular music singer.O estudo da música popular brasileira e dos processos que envolvem sua aprendizagem e performance estão entre as tendências mais recentes e relevantes da pesquisa acadêmica. Entre os cantores populares, uma as principais ferramentas, tanto de ensino quanto autoaprendizagem, é a modelagem baseada em performances consolidadas de outros artistas. Mesmo após sua morte, Elis Regina (1945-1982) continua sendo considerada um dos mais importantes referenciais na interpretação da música brasileira, tanto do ponto de vista técnico-musical quanto cênico. A partir de duas gravações audiovisuais de Elis Regina para a canção Alô, alô, marciano de Rita Lee e Roberto de Carvalho, o presente estudo investigou as relações entre texto, música e cena na performance da cantora à luz de (1) oito princípios do ator, diretor de teatro, pedagogo e escritor russo Constantin Stanislavski (1863-1938), selecionados entre os princípios propostos no seu sistema para a atuação do ator e (2) conceitos-chave oriundos da análise do discurso e relações intertextuais. Observou-se uma imbricação entre elementos da performance da música popular e do teatro na construção e ressignificação de possíveis sentidos inerentes à canção, possibilitando caminhos para a construção e consolidação de performances bem fundamentadas do cantor de música popular.
16
Albuquerque, Renata Costa Leite de. "Aplica??o do sensoriamento remoto e do sistema de informa??es geogr?ficas na detec??o de manchas de ?leo na Regi?o do P?lo de Explora??o de Guamar?, R.N." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18786.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2004-10-14Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Objective to establish a methodology for the oil spill monitoring on the sea surface, located at the Submerged Exploration Area of the Polo Region of Guamar?, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, using orbital images of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR integrated with meteoceanographycs products. This methodology was applied in the following stages: (1) the creation of a base map of the Exploration Area; (2) the processing of NOAA/AVHRR and ERS-2 images for generation of meteoceanographycs products; (3) the processing of RADARSAT-1 images for monitoring of oil spills; (4) the integration of RADARSAT-1 images with NOAA/AVHRR and ERS-2 image products; and (5) the structuring of a data base. The Integration of RADARSAT-1 image of the Potiguar Basin of day 21.05.99 with the base map of the Exploration Area of the Polo Region of Guamar? for the identification of the probable sources of the oil spots, was used successfully in the detention of the probable spot of oil detected next to the exit to the submarine emissary in the Exploration Area of the Polo Region of Guamar?. To support the integration of RADARSAT-1 images with NOAA/AVHRR and ERS-2 image products, a methodology was developed for the classification of oil spills identified by RADARSAT-1 images. For this, the following algorithms of classification not supervised were tested: K-means, Fuzzy k-means and Isodata. These algorithms are part of the PCI Geomatics software, which was used for the filtering of RADARSAT-1 images. For validation of the results, the oil spills submitted to the unsupervised classification were compared to the results of the Semivariogram Textural Classifier (STC). The mentioned classifier was developed especially for oil spill classification purposes and requires PCI software for the whole processing of RADARSAT-1 images. After all, the results of the classifications were analyzed through Visual Analysis; Calculation of Proportionality of Largeness and Analysis Statistics. Amongst the three algorithms of classifications tested, it was noted that there were no significant alterations in relation to the spills classified with the STC, in all of the analyses taken into consideration. Therefore, considering all the procedures, it has been shown that the described methodology can be successfully applied using the unsupervised classifiers tested, resulting in a decrease of time in the identification and classification processing of oil spills, if compared with the utilization of the STC classifier
Objetiva o estabelecimento de uma metodologia para monitoramento de derramamento de ?leo no mar, na ?rea de Explora??o Submersa do P?lo de Guamar?, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando imagens orbitais de radares de abertura sint?tica (SAR) integradas aos produtos meteoceanogr?ficos. A aplica??o do modelo metodol?gico foi composto pelas seguintes etapas: (1) a cria??o de um mapa base da ?rea de Explora??o; (2) o processamento de imagens NOAA/AVHRR e ERS-2 para gera??o de produtos meteoceanogr?ficos; (3) o processamento de imagens RADARSAT-1 para monitoramento das manchas de ?leo; (4) a integra??o da imagem RADARSAT-1 com os produtos de imagens NOAA/AVHRR e ERS-2; e (5) a estrutura??o de um banco de dados. A Integra??o da imagem RADARSAT-1 da Bacia Potiguar do dia 21.05.99 com o mapa base da ?rea de Explora??o do P?lo de Guamar? para a identifica??o das prov?veis fontes das manchas de ?leo, foi utilizada com sucesso na detec??o da prov?vel mancha de ?leo detectada pr?xima ? sa?da do emiss?rio submarino na ?rea de Explora??o do P?lo de Guamar?. Para subsidiar a integra??o da imagem RADARSAT-1 com os produtos de imagens NOAA/AVHRR e ERS-2, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para a classifica??o das manchas de ?leo identificadas em imagens RADARSAT-1. Nesta metodologia, testou-se os seguintes algor?tmos de classifica??o n?o-supervisionada: K-means, Fuzzy k-means e Isodata, que s?o parte integrante do software PCI Geomatics, o qual foi utilizado para a filtragem das imagens RADARSAT-1. Para a avalia??o dos resultados, as manchas de ?leo submetidas ? classifica??o n?o-supervisionada foram comparadas aos resultados do Classificador Textural por Semivariograma (STC), o qual foi desenvolvido especificamente para esta finalidade e requer a utiliza??o do software PCI Geomatics para efetuar parte do processamento das imagens RADARSAT-1. Por fim, os resultados das classifica??es foram analisados atrav?s de An?lise Visual; C?lculo de Proporcionalidade de Grandezas e An?lise Estat?stica. Dentre os tr?s algoritmos de classifica??o testados n?o houve significantes altera??es em rela??o as manchas classificadas pelo STC, em nenhuma das an?lises efetuadas. Os procedimentos adotados demonstraram que a metodologia descrita aqui poder? ser aplicada com sucesso, utilizando os classificadores n?o supervisionados testados, o que acarretaria em diminui??o de tempo no processo de identifica??o e classifica??o de manchas de ?leo, em compara??o ? utiliza??o do classificador STC
17
Scandaglia, Giulia. "Les Gesta Apollonii, un jalon du succès de l'Historia Apollonii regis Tyri au Moyen Age. Présentation et traduction française." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030071.
Анотація:
Les Gesta Apollonii sont une réélaboration en 792 hexamètres léonins des huit premiers chapitres de l’Historia Apollonii regis Tyri, et ils ont été publiés par E. Dümmler pour les Monumenta Germaniae Historica, dans le deuxième volume de la section Poetae latini aevi Carolini en 1884. Comme l’œuvre dépend de son hypotexte, le premier chapitre de la thèse est dédié à l’Historia Apollonii regis Tyri, aux problèmes que ce roman soulève et aux réponses possibles que la critique leur a apportées. Une analyse du cadre historico-culturel dans lequel les Gesta Apollonii ont été composés et l’histoire du monastère où le manuscrit a été retrouvé ont été abordées dans le deuxième chapitre ; en outre, une partie importante de ce chapitre est consacrée à l’étude des gloses marginales et interlinéaires dont le texte est parsemé. Une partie de ces gloses a été trouvée dans un codex de De Consolatione Philosophiae de Boèce, rédigé vers l’an 1000 par l’abbé Froumund de Tegernsee, qui provient de la Fürstliche Öttingen-Wallersteinische Bibliothek, en Bavière et qui se trouve, aujourd’hui, à Cracovie, dans la Biblioteka Jagiellońska. Dans le troisième chapitre, plus spécifiquement, le texte des Gesta Apollonii est mis en parallèle avec le roman sur lequel il se fonde et avec les nombreuses références au monde classique grec et latin qu’il présente. Un sous-chapitre est de plus dédié à l’historicité possible des personnages mentionnés dans l’histoire.Après l’analyse du texte d’un point de vue thématique, le quatrième chapitre est dédié à l’examen des caractéristiques codicologiques et paléographiques du manuscrit et à la présentation de la langue, du style et de la métrique de l’œuvre. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre propose la traduction française de l’œuvreGesta Apolloni is a re-elaborated version of 792 leonine hexameters of the first 8 chapters of Historia Apollonii regis Tyri, and it was published in 1884 by E. Dümmler in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, in the second volume of the section Poetae latini aevi Carolini. Due to its dependence from its hypotext, the first chapter of the thesis is about Historia Apollonii regis Tyri, the issues that the novel raises, and the possible answers that the critics gave to them. A general analysis of the cultural and historical background where Gesta Apollonii was written and also the story of the monastery where it was found, have been discussed in the second chapter; moreover, an important part of this chapter is dedicated to the study of the marginal and interlinear glosses of which the text is full. Part of these glosses was found in a codex of Boece’s De Consolatione Philophiae, written circa 1000 by abbot Froumund De Tegernsee; originally the codex was in the Fürstliche Öttingen-Wallersteinische Bibliothek in Bavaria, today it can be found in the Biblioteka Jagiellońska, in Cracow.In the third chapter more specifically, Gesta Apollonii text is compared to the novel -which it is based on- and to the several quotes from the Latin and Greek classical world. A paragraph is also dedicated to the possible historical accuracy of the characters mentioned in the story. After the thematic analysis of the text, the fourth chapter concerns the examination of the codicological and paleographic features of the manuscript and the presentation of the language, the style, and the metre of the work. In the fifth and last chapter, there is a French translation of Gesta Apollonii
18
BENZERGA, DJILLALI. "Contribution a la modelisation 3d des phenomenes electromagnetiques regis par les equations de la magnetostatique et de la magnetodynamique." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066309.
Анотація:
Cette these est une contribution au developpement des formulations tridimensionnelles en vue de la modelisation des phenomenes electromagnetiques regis par les equations de la magnetostatique et de la magnetodynamique. Les formulations developpees utilisent des potentiels discretises par des elements d'aretes. La premiere partie est consacree a une synthese des formulations tridimensionnelles parmi lesquelles nous avons developpe deux formulations pour l'etude de la magnetostatique. Nous nous sommes interesses plus particulierement au comportement numerique de la convergence de l'algorithme d'inversion (methode du gradient conjugue). Une deuxieme partie est consacree a l'etude des formulations magnetodynamiques relatives aux regions conductrices ou se developpent des courants de foucault. En particulier nous avons mis en uvre une formulation interessante lorsque le champ de reaction peut etre neglige devant le champ source
19
Chagas, Mariela Mendon?a das. "Avalia??o dos teores de enxofre em amostras de ?leo diesel nas redes de distribui??o de combust?veis na cidade de Natal/RN." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIA E ENGENHARIA DE PETR?LEO, 2014. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21857.
Анотація:
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A emiss?o de compostos sulfurados pela queima de derivados do petr?leo tem sido o foco de muitas pesquisas e preocupa??es pelo mundo. Esta situa??o resultou em leis mais rigorosas quanto ? emiss?o de poluentes automotivos, principalmente em rela??o ? redu??o na emiss?o de enxofre. Por estes e outros motivos, um dos meios de quantificar com um alto valor de certeza ? atrav?s de m?todos validados e com rastreavel controle de qualidade. Na valida??o da metodologia para determina??o de enxofre por fluoresc?ncia na regi?o do Ultravioleta foi utilizado a norma vigente da t?cnica, a ASTM D5453, no equipamento ANTEK 9000NS, onde utilizamos amostras de Diesel S10, comercializados em postos combust?veis da ?rea metropolitana da cidade de Natal, RN. Foi utilizado material de refer?ncia certificado para a valida??o e constru??o da curva para a leitura das amostras coletadas. O m?todo ap?s validado apresentou um limite de detec??o de 0,000708 mg/L, um limite de quantifica??o de 0,002359 mg/L e um coeficiente de determina??o da curva de R20,9976. Foram feitos os testes de adi??o de padr?o apresentando recupera??o de 98,46%. Os testes mostraram que o m?todo ? robusto, seletivo e confi?vel para a determina??o de enxofre podendo ser aplicado nas amostras de Diesel S10.
A emiss?o de compostos sulfurados pela queima de derivados do petr?leo tem sido o foco de muitas pesquisas e preocupa??es pelo mundo. Esta situa??o resultou em leis mais rigorosas quanto ? emiss?o de poluentes automotivos, principalmente em rela??o ? redu??o na emiss?o de enxofre. Por estes e outros motivos, um dos meios de quantificar com um alto valor de certeza ? atrav?s de m?todos validados e com rastreavel controle de qualidade. Na valida??o da metodologia para determina??o de enxofre por fluoresc?ncia na regi?o do Ultravioleta foi utilizado a norma vigente da t?cnica, a ASTM D5453, no equipamento ANTEK 9000NS, onde utilizamos amostras de Diesel S10, comercializados em postos combust?veis da ?rea metropolitana da cidade de Natal, RN. Foi utilizado material de refer?ncia certificado para a valida??o e constru??o da curva para a leitura das amostras coletadas. O m?todo ap?s validado apresentou um limite de detec??o de 0,000708 mg/L, um limite de quantifica??o de 0,002359 mg/L e um coeficiente de determina??o da curva de R20,9976. Foram feitos os testes de adi??o de padr?o apresentando recupera??o de 98,46%. Os testes mostraram que o m?todo ? robusto, seletivo e confi?vel para a determina??o de enxofre podendo ser aplicado nas amostras de Diesel S10.
20
Lam, Weng Tong. "As relacoes entre a Constituicao da Republica Popular da China, a Lei Basica da Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau e a Lei de Producao Legislativa." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636979.
21
Lam, Chai Teng. "As relacoes entre a Constituicao da Republica Popular da China e a Lei Basica da Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1447911.
22
Donat, Muñoz Carles. "L’habitatge a la regió metropolitana de Barcelona durant el cicle immobiliari 19971997-2006: una aproximació a partir de les necessitats residencials de la població." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283519.
Анотація:
Al treball s’analitzen les principals causes i conseqüències del cicle immobiliari expansiu del període 1997-2006 a la regió metropolitana de Barcelona, a partir d’un enfocament que es centra en les necessitats residencials, però que considera la resta d’elements del sistema residencial.
Pel que fa a les causes, s’estudien els factors econòmics, financers, polítics i psicològics, per després aprofundir en els elements demogràfics. Aquests factors demogràfics no expliquen l’assenyalat increment dels preus dels habitatges durant aquest període, però tenen una incidència molt notable sobre l’increment de la demanda i sobre els mecanismes de l’oferta d’habitatge. L’enfocament comprensiu de la recerca permet aproximar-se a la complexitat del sistema residencial a la regió metropolitana de Barcelona. D’aquesta manera es poden veure les diferències amb altres parts del territori i també amb els cicles expansius precedents.
Pel que fa a les conseqüències del cicle immobiliari expansiu del període 1997-2006, s’analitza com han evolucionat les característiques dels habitatges on viu la població i la percepció que en tenen els residents a la regió metropolitana de Barcelona. Així mateix s’aprofundeix en les desigualtats socials i en les diferències territorials. Per altra banda, s’estudien els efectes del cicle expansiu sobre el curs de vida de la població, atenent al procés d’emancipació residencial, a la integració residencial dels immigrants i a l’endeutament de les famílies. Finalment, s’explora l’evolució de la segregació urbana.This dissertation analyses the main causes and consequences of the expansive property cycle 1997-2006 in the metropolitan region of Barcelona. The chosen approach focuses on the housing needs, but taking also into account other main aspects of the residential system. Regarding the causes, the research examines the economic, financial, political, psychological and demographical factors. This dissertation argues that demographical factors do not explain the clear increase in housing prices during this period, although they have a very remarkable impact on the increase of the housing demand and supply. This comprehensive approach allows to study the complexity of the residential system in the metropolitan region of Barcelona as well as the differences with other parts of the territory and also with preceding property cycles. Regarding the consequences, this dissertation analyses how residential houses characteristics have evolved , as well as the perception of the people living in them. This research also examines the social inequalities and the territorial differences. Furthermore, it analyses the effects of the expansive property cycle on the population live cycle in the following aspects: the residential emancipation process, the residential integration of immigrants and the household indebtedness. Finally, the dissertation explores the evolution of urban segregation.
23
Forcadet, Pierre-Anne. "Conquestus fuit Domino regi : Etude sur le recours au roi de France d'après les arrêts du Parlement (1223-1285)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0002.
Анотація:
Le riche et complexe « siècle de saint Louis » est celui du déploiement d’une justice royale hiérarchisée et professionnelle employant des centaines de maîtres formés dans les universités. La Cour du roi se réunit à Paris à intervalles réguliers lors de sessions en parlement. La monarchie adopte plusieurs réformes qui permettent aux justiciables d’avoir accès à la justice. Les recours sont alors portés, pour une large part, contre le roi lui-même et les exactions de ses agents. Tant de recours différents peuvent être formés qu’une forme de responsabilité de l’administration royale paraît se mettre en place.Un important contentieux est par ailleurs soulevé par les hommes contre leurs seigneurs laïcs ou ecclésiastiques. La justice royale apparaît alors comme un régulateur des relations féodales. L’appel judiciaire au Parlement, qui se systématise contre les jugements des justices concurrentes, ouvre la voie à la concrétisation de la supériorité de la justice royale, que l’on commence à appeler en français : « souveraineté ».Par acculturation, l’offre et la demande de justice se rencontrent et tendent à consacrer les institutions royales en justice de « droit commun ». Les résistances sont nombreuses de la part des justices concurrentes, mais la Cour du roi reçoit aussi leurs plaintes et, tout en étendant son influence, statue dessus en toute impartialité, ce qui contribue également à légitimer la mise en place d’un État de droitThe rich and complex « Saint Louis’ Century » is a time of development of a hierarchical and professional royal justice. Hundreds of Masters are trained at the Universities. The king’s Court regularly assembles in Paris during sessions « in parlemento ». The monarchy adopts several reforms allowing an easier access to justice. The recourses are also carried against the king himself and the exactions of his agents. There are so many different types of recourses that the concept of responsibility of the royal administration seems to appear.On the other hand, an important part of the litigations is raised by men against their laïcs or ecclesiastics lords. Royal justice settles as a regulator of the feudal relationships. The judiciary appeal to the Parlement is becoming usual against the other justices. Indeed, it contributes to give concrete expression to the superiority of the king’s justice, which is now called, in French « souveraineté ».By acculturation, the demand and the supply meet and tend to dedicate royal institutions to an « ordinary court ». There are a lot of resistances from other judges, but the curia regis receives and judge impartially these complaints too, which contribute to set of a State under the rule of law
24
Forcadet, Pierre-Anne. "Conquestus fuit Domino regi : Etude sur le recours au roi de France d'après les arrêts du Parlement (1223-1285)." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0002.
Анотація:
Le riche et complexe « siècle de saint Louis » est celui du déploiement d’une justice royale hiérarchisée et professionnelle employant des centaines de maîtres formés dans les universités. La Cour du roi se réunit à Paris à intervalles réguliers lors de sessions en parlement. La monarchie adopte plusieurs réformes qui permettent aux justiciables d’avoir accès à la justice. Les recours sont alors portés, pour une large part, contre le roi lui-même et les exactions de ses agents. Tant de recours différents peuvent être formés qu’une forme de responsabilité de l’administration royale paraît se mettre en place.Un important contentieux est par ailleurs soulevé par les hommes contre leurs seigneurs laïcs ou ecclésiastiques. La justice royale apparaît alors comme un régulateur des relations féodales. L’appel judiciaire au Parlement, qui se systématise contre les jugements des justices concurrentes, ouvre la voie à la concrétisation de la supériorité de la justice royale, que l’on commence à appeler en français : « souveraineté ».Par acculturation, l’offre et la demande de justice se rencontrent et tendent à consacrer les institutions royales en justice de « droit commun ». Les résistances sont nombreuses de la part des justices concurrentes, mais la Cour du roi reçoit aussi leurs plaintes et, tout en étendant son influence, statue dessus en toute impartialité, ce qui contribue également à légitimer la mise en place d’un État de droitThe rich and complex « Saint Louis’ Century » is a time of development of a hierarchical and professional royal justice. Hundreds of Masters are trained at the Universities. The king’s Court regularly assembles in Paris during sessions « in parlemento ». The monarchy adopts several reforms allowing an easier access to justice. The recourses are also carried against the king himself and the exactions of his agents. There are so many different types of recourses that the concept of responsibility of the royal administration seems to appear.On the other hand, an important part of the litigations is raised by men against their laïcs or ecclesiastics lords. Royal justice settles as a regulator of the feudal relationships. The judiciary appeal to the Parlement is becoming usual against the other justices. Indeed, it contributes to give concrete expression to the superiority of the king’s justice, which is now called, in French « souveraineté ».By acculturation, the demand and the supply meet and tend to dedicate royal institutions to an « ordinary court ». There are a lot of resistances from other judges, but the curia regis receives and judge impartially these complaints too, which contribute to set of a State under the rule of law
25
Archegas, Luci Regina Panka. "Sorção e solubilidade de resinas compostas polimerizadas com luz halógena e led / Luci Regina Panka Archegas ; orientadora, Evelise Machado de Souza." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2005. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=386.
26
SEDQUI, AHMED. "Regio et stereochimies de la reaction de quelques dipoles-1,3 sur les enamines des tetralones-2, divers heterocycles phosphores benzocondenses et l'indenone." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2050.
Анотація:
L'etude comparatie de la cycloaddition dipolaire-1,3 de divers dipoles ambiphiles sur les enamines des tetralones-2 substitues a permis de mettre en evidence la regio- et la diastereospecificite de la reaction. Si dans le cas des diarylnitrilimines la cycloaddition s'accompagne d'une aromatisation, cette derniere reaction n'est pas observee avec d'autres dipoles. Cette difference de comportment met en evidence le role des interactions steriques dues a l'existence d'un groupe aryle a chaque extremite d'une diarylnitrilimine. Plusieurs heterocycles phosphores benzocondenses derives du phosphindole, de la dihydro-1,2 phosphinoline et de la dihydro-1,2 isophosphinoline ont ete prepares. Pour certains d'entre eux les procedes de synthese ont ete modifies et ameliores. Ces heterocycles comportent un atome de phosphore tetracoordinne ce qui rend les deux faces diastereotopiques. Leur comportement dipolarophilique a ete etudie avec divers dipoles (nitrilimines, diazoacetate d'ethyle, diphenylnitrone). Dans tous les cas, la reaction est regio- et diastereospecifique et l'approche du dipole s'effectue dans le demi-espace comportant l'atome d'oxygene du reste p=0. La reactivite dipolarophilique de l'indenone a ete testee et les resultats preliminaires obtenus permettent d'envisager une modulation de la regiochimie des reactions de cycloaddition
27
Souto, Michael Vandesteen Silva. "An?lise da evolu??o costeira do litoral setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, regi?o sob influ?ncia da ind?stria petrol?fera." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18356.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-16The northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State is characterized by strong changes in coastal morphology, caused by various geological and climatic factors. In this region are installed the main socio-economic activities of the State, highlighting the oil industry, which exerts much of its activities in the coastal area studied. Erosion is a constant problem in this region because it affects the entire local populace to the destruction of houses and trade, rendering tourism, affecting the livelihood activities and industrial activities. The greatest risk is related to environmental damage that can be caused by the oil spill in this region. To understand what determines the changes in coastal morphology this Doctoral Thesis is proposed to identify the factors at local, regional and even global corroborate coastal dynamics to this coast in question. For this study, used several different products and tools for interpreting the conditions of the erosive effect that dominates the whole northern coast of the State, in an attempt to quantify and describe the causes and effects that affect the entire coastal zone monitored. The development of activities is built into the projects Rede 05 PETROMAR (CTPETRO-FINEP/PETROBRAS/CNPq), PETRORISCO, HIDROSEMA, PETROMAR e Rede 05/04 POTMAR (FNDCT/CTPETROFINEP/ CNPq), in the activities of multidisciplinary and inter-features in issues involving environmental monitoring and oil activity
O litoral setentrional do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? caracterizado por fortes mudan?as na sua morfologia costeira, ocasionadas por diversos fatores geol?gicos e clim?ticos. Nesta regi?o est?o instaladas as principais atividades socioecon?micas do Estado, destacando a Ind?stria Petrol?fera, que exerce boa parte de suas atividades na zona costeira estudada. A eros?o ? o constante problema nesta regi?o, pois afeta toda popula??o local com a destrui??o de moradias e com?rcio, inviabilizando o turismo, comprometendo as atividades de subsist?ncia e as atividades industriais. O risco maior est? relacionado ao dano ambiental que pode ser causado pelo derramamento de ?leo nesta regi?o. Para entender o que condiciona estas modifica??es na morfologia costeira esta Tese de Doutorado se prop?s em identificar os fatores de escala local, regional e at? global que corroboram com a din?mica costeira para este litoral em quest?o. Para tal estudo foram utilizados diversos produtos e diversas ferramentas para interpreta??o das condicionantes do efeito erosivo que predomina como um todo o litoral setentrional do Estado, na tentativa de quantificar e qualificar as causas e efeitos que afetam toda zona costeira monitorada. O desenvolvimento das atividades est? inserido em projetos Rede 05 PETROMAR (CTPETROFINEP/PETROBRAS/CNPq), PETRORISCO, HIDROSEMA, PETROMAR e Rede 05/04 POTMAR (FNDCT/CTPETRO-FINEP/CNPq), no ?mbito das atividades de caracter?sticas multidisciplinares e interinstitucional em temas que envolvem o monitoramento ambiental e a atividade petrol?fera
28
Decourteix, Mélanie. "Caractérisations physiologique et moléculaire de transporteurs de saccharose et d'hexoses de xylème de noyer (Juglans regia L. Cv Franquette) : rôles dans les échanges latéraux de sucres pendant la période non-feuillée." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_86.
Анотація:
Les travaux ont été menés chez le noyer (Juglans regia L. Cv Franquette) au cours de la période non-feuillée. Ils concernent principalement l'étude des échanges latéraux de sucres au sein du xylème en relation avec la réparation de l'embolie hivernale et le débourrement des bourgeons végétatifs. L'efflux de saccharose serait en partie une diffusion facilitée et co-existe, pour des températures douces, avec l'influx. La part active de l'influx augmente significativement lorsque le noyer est soumis à des cycles gel-dégel. Ceci est corrélé avec l'expression de JrSUT1, un transporteur de saccharose. JrSUT1 contribuerait donc à la récupération du saccharose initialement déversé dans les vaisseaux du xylème lors de la réparation locale de l'embolie hivernale. Le noyer est une espèce à ramification acrotone. Nos données montrent que, contrairement aux transporteurs d'hexoses, les transporteurs de saccharose (JrSUTs) seraient impliqués dans la mise en place de l'acrotonie chez le noyer
29
Decourteix, Mélanie Petel Gilles. "Caractérisations physiologique et moléculaire de transporteurs de saccharose et d'hexoses de xylème de noyer (Juglans regia L. cv Franquette) rôles dans les échanges latéraux de sucres pendant la période non-feuillée /." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_86.
Анотація:
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Physiologie et génétique moléculaire-Physiologie végétale : Clermont-Ferrand 2 : 2005.Thèse avec publications et annexe. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliographie dispersée.
30
Amaral, Uir? do. "Variabilidade gen?tica e produ??o de ?leo essencial de clones de Lippia alba (Mill) N.E.Brown oriundos da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1792.
Анотація:
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2015 - Uir? do Amaral.pdf: 1011379 bytes, checksum: cf85bc1dcca1c891320f8683e0b406b1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T14:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Uir? do Amaral.pdf: 1011379 bytes, checksum: cf85bc1dcca1c891320f8683e0b406b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Biodiversity, one of the fundamental properties of nature, is a source of immense economic potential. Brazil holds a rich biodiversity, and is considered one of the most important mega-diverse countries on the planet. Among the various links that make up this biodiversity Brazilian native flora noteworthy. Despite this, there have been few studies that promote intelligent and rational use of this genetic resource. Domestication and breeding of native plants, including those already known and used by local or regional populations, but without penetration at the national or international market is the great opportunity offered to the countries rich in genetic resources. Medicinal and aromatic plants represent a significant part of this potential market, and the lemongrass-Brazilian species (Lippia alba) is an important example of medicinal and aromatic plant, long used in folk medicine for his duties as soothing, antispasmodic, sedative, and produce various kinds of essential oils can be used by the perfume industry, food and cleaning products, beyond the control of pests and diseases in agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability, genetic parameters and the agronomic behavior of different accesses of L. alba, coming from the metropolitan region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The experiment was conducted in November 2011 on Medicinal Plants Sector of Agronomy Institute of Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and crops were obtained in the spring of 2013 and summer of 2014. This study was divided into three chapters: Polymorphism in clones of L. alba coming from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (Chapter I); Genetic variation for morphological characters in clones of A. alba (Chapter II) and seasonality effect in producing chemotypes of L. alba (Chapter III). In Chapter I the accessions were grouped into dendrogram, five groups being formed and the group I met two similar access (UFRRJLA 17 and UFRRJLA 18). In Chapter II it was shown that the characters analyzed showed variability according to the season (spring or summer) confirming the strong influence of the environment on quantitative variables. The total dry matter and yield were higher in access UFRRJLA05 with citral chemotype, which showed the highest average values in the two seasons in which the data were evaluated. As for the essential oil yield and productivity stood out access UFRRJLA03 with limonene-carvone chemotype, both in spring and in summer.
A biodiversidade, uma das propriedades fundamentais da natureza, ? fonte de imenso potencial de uso econ?mico. O Brasil ? detentor de uma rica biodiversidade, e ? considerado um dos pa?ses megadiversos mais importantes do planeta. Dentre os v?rios elos que comp?e esta biodiversidade a flora nativa brasileira merece destaque. Apesar disto, poucos t?m sido os estudos que promovem a utiliza??o inteligente e racional destes recursos gen?ticos. A domestica??o e o melhoramento de plantas nativas, incluindo aquelas j? conhecidas e utilizadas por popula??es locais ou regionais, por?m sem penetra??o no mercado nacional ou internacional, ? a grande oportunidade que se oferece aos pa?ses ricos em recursos gen?ticos. As plantas medicinais e arom?ticas representam uma parte expressiva deste mercado em potencial, sendo que a esp?cie erva-cidreira-brasileira (Lippia alba) ? um exemplo importante de planta medicinal e arom?tica, h? muito tempo utilizada pela medicina popular por suas fun??es como calmante, antiespasm?dica, sedativo, al?m de produzir v?rios tipos de ?leos essenciais podendo ser utilizada pela ind?stria de perfumes, alimentos e produtos de limpeza, al?m do controle de pragas e doen?as na agricultura. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade gen?tica e par?metros gen?ticos de acessos de L. alba e o comportamento agron?mico de diferentes clones oriundos da regi?o Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O experimento foi instalado em novembro de 2011 no Setor de Plantas Medicinais do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, e as colheitas foram obtidas na primavera de 2013 e no ver?o de 2014. Este estudo foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos: Polimorfismo em clones de L. alba oriundos da regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (Cap?tulo I) e Par?metros gen?ticos e avalia??o agron?mica em clones de L. alba (Mill) N.E.Brown em duas esta??es no ano (Cap?tulo II). No cap?tulo I os acessos foram agrupados em dendrograma, sendo formados cinco grupos e o grupo I reuniu os dois acessos similares (UFRRJLA 17 e UFRRJLA 18). No cap?tulo II foi demonstrado que os caracteres analisadas apresentaram comportamento vari?vel conforme a esta??o do ano (primavera ou ver?o) confirmando a forte influ?ncia do ambiente sobre as vari?veis quantitativas. A mat?ria seca total e a produtividade foram maiores no clone com quimiotipo citral (UFRRJLA05), com os maiores valores m?dios nas duas esta??es do ano em que os dados foram avaliados. J? para o rendimento e produtividade de ?leo essencial destacou-se o acesso com quimiotipo limoneno-carvona (UFRRJLA03), tanto na primavera quanto no ver?o
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Oliveira, J?nior Josibel Gomes de. "Dois testes de imageamento com GPR em problemas de controle ambiental em regi?es tropicais: migra??o de dunas e localiza??o de dutos de ?leo enterrados." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2001. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18778.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2001-02-21Because the penetration depth of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signals is very limited in high conductive soils, the usefullness of this method in tropical regions is not yet completly known. The main objective of this researh is to test the usefullness of the method in Brazil. Two typical problems where GPR has been used in Europe and North American were choosed for this test: the first one is to characterize the internal structures of a sand body and the second problem is the localization of old buried pipes lines. The first test was done near the city of S?o Bento do Norte, in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, NE Brazil. In this region, there is a sand dune that is migrating very fast in the direction of adjacent settling areas. To characterize the internal structure of the dune and its relationship to the prevailing wind direction, as a preliminary step to understand the dune migration, GPR profiles using the 400 MHz frequency were performed in E-W, N-S, NE-SW, and SE-NW directions over the sand dune intersecting at the top of the dune. The practical resolution of the GPR data is around 30 cm; this was sufficient to distinguish individual foresets inside the dune. After applying the elevation correction to the data, we identified that dips of bedding structures are smallest for the N-S profile, which is perpendicular to the dominant wind direction, largest for the E-W profile, and intermediate for the SW-NE and SE-NW profiles. Foresets in the E-W profile dip with angles varying from 2 to 6 degrees. In the E-W profile, the water table and a horizontal truncation interface separating two generations of dunes were identified, as well as an abrupt directional change in the foreset patterns associated to a lateral contact between two dune generations, the older one extending to the west. The used high frequency of 400 Mhz does not allow a penetration deep enough to map completely these internal contacts. The second test was done near Estreito, a small town near Carna?bais city, also in Rio Grande do Norte state. In this locality, there are several old pipe lines buried in area covered by plantations where digging should be minimized. Several GPR profiles using the 400 and 200 MHz frequency were performed trying to intercept perpendicularly the possible pipe lines. Because of the high conductivity of the soil, the raw original data can hardly be use to identify the pipe lines. However, after an adequate processing over the 200 MHz profiles, six pipe lines were identified. As a global result of the tests, GPR can be very usefull if the conductivity of the ground is low or, in the case of medium conductivities of the soils, if adequate processing is performed
O principal objetivo deste trabalho, ? testar o m?todo GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) em ambientes com clima tropical. Desta forma, foram escolhidas duas localidades distintas que apresentam problemas considerados padr?es para a aplica??o do GPR. A natureza n?o invasiva deste m?todo, aliada ao baixo custo, rapidez e facilidade de opera??o, torna-o adequado para os trabalhos aqui propostos. A primeira localidade est? situada no munic?pio de S?o Bento do Norte e o problema relacionado a ela consiste na caracteriza??o de estruturas internas de dunas. Se??es de GPR com antena de 400 Mhz foram levantadas nas dire??es E-W, N-S, NE-SW e SE-NW. Estes perfis interceptaram-se no topo da duna e possibilitaram estabelecer rela??es entre a sua estrutura interna e a sua dire??o de migra??o, associada ao vento dominante na ?rea. Foi poss?vel identificar tamb?m contatos laterais entre dunas de diferentes gera??es, assim como bounding surfaces, n?vel fre?tico e mergulho de camadas. Na segunda localidade, de nome Estreito (pr?ximo ao munic?pio de Carnaubais), foram levantadas se??es de GPR com antenas de 200 Mhz e 400 Mhz para detectar dutos antigos de petr?leo enterrados em uma ?rea agricult?vel. Os perfis de GPR foram realizados perpendicularmente ? suposta dire??o dos dutos e, da sua interpreta??o, determinous-se a posi??o de seis oleodutos de diferentes di?metros (4", 10" e 16") enterrados, cujas posi??es exatas eram desconhecidas, assim como a produndidade em que estes se encontravam (variando de 1,2m e 1,5m). No tratamento dos dados foi adotado um processsamento semelhante ?queles utilizado nos m?todos s?smicos (ajuste do tempo zero, ganho, migra??o, corre??o topogr?fica, dewow, deconvolu??o e filtros passa-banda). Este processamento permitiu estabelecer rela??es entre os refletores contidos nas se??es de GPR e estruturas geol?gicas (ou n?o) presentes nos ambientes. A corre??o topogr?fica possibilitou identificar com precis?o estruturas planas (como o n?vel fre?tico), ao passo que a migra??o dos dados proporcionou a exata posi??o dos dutos
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Souza, Ol?via Maria Nascimento de. "Avalia??o demogr?fica, clinico-laboratorial e gen?tica de indiv?duos com lupus eritematoso sist?mico e artrite reumat?ide residentes em regi?o tropical." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12631.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-03Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The aetiology of autoimmunes disease is multifactorial and involves interactions among environmental, hormonal and genetic factors. Many different genes may contribute to autoimmunes disease susceptibility. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes have been extensively studied, however many non-polymorphic MHC genes have also been reported to contribute to autoimmune diseases susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of SLC11A1 gene in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ninety-six patients with SLE, 37 with RA and 202 controls enrolled in this case-control study, were evaluated with regard to demographic, genetic, laboratorial and clinical data. SLE mainly affects females in the ratio of 18 women for each man, 88,3% of the patients aged from 15 to 45 years old and it occurs with similar frequency in whites and mulattos. The rate of RA between women and men was 11:1, with 77,1% of the cases occurring from 31 to 60 years. The genetic analysis of the point mutation -236 of the SLC11A1 gene by SSCP did not show significant differences between alleles/genotypes in patients with SLE or RA when compared to controls. The most frequent clinical manifestations in patients with SLE were cutaneous (87%) and joint (84.9%). In patients with RA, the most frequent out-joint clinical manifestation were rheumatoid nodules (13,5%). Antinuclear antibodies were present in 100% of the patients with SLE. There was no significant relation between activity of disease and presence of rheumatoid factor in patients with RA, however 55,6% of patients with active disease presented positive rheumatoid factor. Significant association between alleles/genotypes of point mutation -236 and clinical manifestations was not found
A etiologia das doen?as autoimunes ? multifatorial, resultando de intera??es complexas de fatores ambientais, hormonais e gen?ticos. Diversos genes contribuem para a suscetibilidade ?s doen?as autoimunes. Os genes do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade (MHC) tem sido amplamente estudados, por?m genes n?o-MHC tamb?m parecem contribuir para a suscetibilidade a autoimunidade. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia do gene SLC11A1 nas doen?as autoimunes lupus eritematoso sist?mico (LES) e artrite reumat?ide (AR). Foram arrolados 96 pacientes com LES, 37 com AR e 202 controles saud?veis, em estudo caso-controle, avaliando os dados demogr?ficos, gen?ticos e cl?nico-laboratoriais. LES afetou principalmente o sexo feminino na raz?o de 18 mulheres para 1 homem, sendo 88,3% na faixa et?ria entre 15 e 45 anos e ocorreu com freq??ncias semelhantes em brancos e pardos. A raz?o encontrada de AR entre mulheres e homens foi 11:1, com 77,1% dos casos ocorrendo entre 31 e 60 anos. A an?lise gen?tica do ponto de muta??o -236 da regi?o promotora do gene SLC11A1 por SSCP, n?o mostrou diferen?as significativas entre as freq??ncias de alelos ou gen?tipos de pacientes com LES ou AR em rela??o aos controles. As manifesta??es cl?nicas mais freq?entes nos pacientes com LES foram a cut?nea (87%) e articular (84,9%). Na AR a manifesta??o cl?nica extra-articular mais encontrada foi a presen?a de n?dulo reumat?ide (13,5%). A pesquisa do anticorpo anti-nuclear (FAN) foi positiva em 100% dos pacientes com LES. N?o houve rela??o significativa entre doen?a ativa e presen?a de fator reumat?ide em pacientes com AR, no entanto, 55,6% dos pacientes com doen?a ativa, apresentavam fator reumat?ide positivo. N?o foi encontrada associa??o significativa entre as manifesta??es cl?nicas ou achados laboratoriais e alelos/gen?tipos do ponto de muta??o -236
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Cunha, Daniel Sica da. "O novo direito internacional privado e a proteção dos vulneráveis : corretivos do funcionamento da regra de conflito e a lei mais favorável ao vulnerável." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127930.
Анотація:
Cette thèse vise à l'analyse de la protection des personnes vulnérables dans le droit international privé brésilien. Son objectif est, d'abord, d'identifier si les règles conflictuelles qui existent actuellement dans la Loi Introductive au Règlement du Droit Brésilienne (1942) sont ou ne sont pas suffisantes pour une protection efficace des personnes vulnérables dans les relations privées internationales, et d'autre part, se il constate une précarité dans la protection des vulnérables, d'établir une proposition de la reconstruction axiologique des règles du droit international privé brésilien pour rétablir l'égalité et le dialogue avec la Constitution Fédérale (1988). Par conséquent, la recherche est organisée en trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, la crise du droit international privé brésilien est présenté sur le paradigme de la règle conflictuelle traditionnelle et sur la justice formelle, soulignant l'insuffisance de la Loi Introductive au Règlement du Droit Brésilienne (1942) à la solution des problèmes contemporains de droit international privé. Le deuxième chapitre présente la proposition d'un nouveau départ, à travers les intersections de droit international privé avec le droit privé et le droit public, en particulier en ce qui concerne la pleine efficacité des droits fondamentaux et des droits humains dans les affaires privées, à la recherche d'une justice matérielle. Dans le troisième chapitre, il est proposé une reconstruction téléologique du droit international privé, d'être guidé par des valeurs constitutionnelles. Considérant le droit international privé essentiellement un droit de différent, se trouve le principe de l'égalité et de la protection des vulnérables pour la réalisation des valeurs constitutionnelles. Enfin, deux solutions sont proposées pour surmonter la crise: d'abord, il ya la proposition d'un changement législatif, afin d'établir la règle conflictuelle avec la connexion à la loi la plus favorable aux personnes vulnérables; seconde, tandis que la modification législative ne est pas effectuée, il est proposé une interprétation systématique-téléologique de l'article 17 de la Loi Introductive au Règlement du Droit Brésilienne (1942), de fonctionner comme une clause ouverte à la réalisation des droits fondamentaux et des droits humains dans les relations privées internationales, permettant l'application de la loi la plus favorable aux personnes vulnérables comme une forme de performance positive de l'ordre public constitutionnel.A presente tese tem por objeto a análise da proteção do vulnerável no direito internacional privado brasileiro. Seu objetivo consiste, por um lado, em identificar se as regras de conflito atualmente existentes na Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (1942) são suficientes ou não para uma proteção efetiva do vulnerável nas relações privadas internacionais, e por outro lado, em se constatando uma precariedade na proteção do vulnerável, estabelecer uma proposta de reconstrução axiológica das regras do direito internacional privado brasileiro para restabelecer a igualdade e o diálogo com a Constituição Federal (1988). Para tanto, a pesquisa está disposta em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, é apresentada a crise do direito internacional privado brasileiro a partir do paradigma da regra conflitual tradicional e da justiça formal, apontando-se a inadequação da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro para a solução dos problemas contemporâneos de direito internacional privado. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se a proposta de um recomeço, a partir das intersecções do direito internacional privado com o direito privado e com o direito público, especialmente no que diz respeito à eficácia plena dos direitos fundamentais e dos direitos humanos nas relações privadas, em busca de uma justiça material. No terceiro capítulo, é proposta a reconstrução teleológica do direito internacional privado, a ser orientada pelos valores constitucionais. Sendo o direito internacional privado essencialmente um direito dos diferentes, sobressai o princípio da igualdade e a proteção dos vulneráveis como concretização dos valores constitucionais. Ao final, são propostas duas soluções para a superação da crise: primeiro, há a proposição de alteração legislativa, para que se estabeleça a regra de conflito com a conexão da lei mais favorável ao vulnerável; segundo, enquanto não é realizada a alteração legislativa, propõe-se interpretação sistemático-teleológica do artigo 17, da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (1942), para que funcione como cláusula aberta para a concretização dos direitos fundamentais e dos direitos humanos nas relações privadas internacionais, possibilitando a aplicação da lei mais favorável ao vulnerável como forma de efetivação positiva da ordem pública constitucional.
This thesis aims at the analysis of the protection of the vulnerable in the Brazilian private international law. Its aim is, first, to identify if the conflictual rules currently existing in the Introductory Act to Brazilian Law Rules (1942) are or are not sufficient for an effective protection of the vulnerable in international private relations, and on the other hand, if finding the protection of the vulnerable precarious, to establish a proposal of axiological reconstruction of the rules of Brazilian private international law to restore equality and dialogue with the Federal Constitution (1988). Therefore, the research is arranged in three chapters. In the first chapter, the crisis of the Brazilian private international law is presented from the paradigm of traditional conflictual rule and formal justice, pointing out the inadequacy of the Introductory Act to Brazilian Law Rules (1942) to the solution of contemporary problems of private international law. The second chapter presents the proposal of a new beginning, through the intersections of private international law with private law and public law, especially with regard to the full effectiveness of fundamental rights and human rights in private affairs, in search of a material justice. In the third chapter it is proposed a teleological reconstruction of private international law, to be guided by constitutional values. Private international law being essentially a right of the different, it stands the principle of equality and the protection of the vulnerable as achievements of constitutional values. Lastly, two solutions are proposed to overcome the crisis: first, there is the proposal of a legislative change, in order to establish the conflictual rule with the connection to the most favorable law to the vulnerable; second, while the legislative amendment is not performed, it is proposed a systematic-teleological interpretation of Article 17 of the Introductory Act to Brazilian Law Rules (1942), to function as an open clause to the achievement of fundamental rights and human rights in international private relations, enabling the application of the most favorable law to the vulnerable as a form of positive performance of the constitutional public order.
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Benages, Vilau Raúl. "Growth, Morphology and Solid State Miscibility of Alkali Nitrates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129370.
Анотація:
This PhD thesis is focused in structural aspects of alkali nitrates. In the first chapter, we recollected the most important advancement in this field in alkali nitrates compounds published since 1970. Along this lines, crystal structure, polymorphism and phase transition is discussed first; second, crystal growth, and third, the morphology. And, finally a section concerning solid state miscibility and binary phase diagrams between these compounds is presented.
The following chapters present a deeper study of growth morphology and how the impurities affect to the morphology and growth rate. These two topics are closely related because the growth morphology is a consequence of the growth rate ratio of different faces. Evidently, we chose only one compound of all the alkali nitrate family. It turned to be sodium nitrate, nitratine or NaNO3. First, in chapter 2, we calculate the morphology of nitratine by applying the two most common approaches to determine the theoretic morphology of crystals: the Bravais-Friedel-Donnay-Harker (BFDH) methodology and the periodic bond chains (PBCs) procedure proposed by Hartman and Perdok (HP). Then we compare the obtained morphology with the experimental growth shape. This compound is interesting from the morphological and structural point of view because it is isostructural with calcite, a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorph. This fact will permit us to discuss how the charges affect the final crystal morphology; an introduction to this question is in chapter 2.
In chapter 3 we sought to determination of the normal growth rates (R104) of {104} faces of sodium nitrate single crystals under isothermal conditions in the temperature interval 288 K 297.5 K and hence find the most probable growth mechanisms.
Chapter 4 is devoted to the morphology change in NaNO3 crystals by the effect of impurities. It is followed by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation of heterogeneous nucleation of nitratine on calcite in chapter 5. Finally, the
NaNO3 – KNO3 phase diagram has been studied from both experimental and theoretical aspects in chapter 6.
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Carvalho, J?lio Alexandre Almeida de. "Caracteriza??o macro, meso e microsc?pica das estruturas fr?geis do corpo aren?tico conglomer?tico da regi?o de Santana do Acara? (CE) e seu embasamento circundante." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18791.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2005-07-01Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The structural framework of the sedimentary basins usually plays an important role in oil prospects and reservoirs. Geometry, interconectivity and density of the brittle features developed during basin evolution could change the permo-porous character of the rocks involved in generation, migration and entrapment of fluid flow. Once the structural characterization of the reservois using only sub-surface data is not an easy task, many studies are focused in analogous outcrops trying to understand the main processes by which brittle tectonic is archieved. In the Santana do Acara? region (Cear? state, NE Brazil) a pack of conglomeratic sandstone (here named CAC) has its geometry controlled mainly by NE trending faults, interpreted as related to reactivation of a precambrian Sobral Pedro II Lineament (LSP-II). Geological mapping of the CAC showed a major NE-SW trending synform developed before its complete lithification during a dextral transpression. This region was then selected to be studied in details in order of constrain the cretaceous deformation and so help the understanding the deformation of the basins along the brazilian equatorial margin. In order to characterize the brittle deformation in different scales, I study some attributes of the fractures and faults such as orientation, density, kinematic, opening, etc., through scanlines in satellite images, outcrops and thin sections. The study of the satellite images showed three main directions of the macrostructures, N-S, NE-SW and E-W. Two of theses features (N-S and E-W) are in aggreement with previous geophysical data. A bimodal pattern of the lineaments in the CAC?s basement rocks has been evidenciated by the NE and NW sets of structures obtained in the meso and microscale data. Besides the main dextral transpression two others later events, developed when the sediments were complety lithified, were recognized in the area. The interplay among theses events is responsible for the compartimentation of the CAC in several blocks along within some structural elements display diferents orientations. Based on the variation in the S0 orientation, the CAC can be subdivided in several domains. Dispite of the variations in orientations of the fractures/faults in the diferents domains, theses features, in the meso and microscopic scale, are concentrated in two sets (based on their trend) in all domains which show similar orientation of the S0 surface. Thus the S0 orientation was used to group the domains in three major sets: i) The first one is that where S0 is E-W oriented: the fractures are oriented mainly NE with the development of a secondary NW trending; ii) S0 trending NE: the fractures are concentrated mainly along the trend NW with a secondary concentration along the NE trend; iii) The third set, where S0 is NS the main fractures are NE and the secondary concentration is NW. Another analized parameter was the fault/fracture length. This attribute was studied in diferent scales trying to detect the upscale relationship. A terrain digital model (TDM) was built with the brittlel elements supperposed. This model enhanced a 3D visualization of the area as well as the spatial distribution of the fault/fractures. Finally, I believe that a better undertanding of the brittle tectonic affecting both CAC and its nearby basement will help the future interpretations of the tectonic envolved in the development of the sedimentary basins of the brazilian equatorial margin and their oil reservoirs and prospects, as for instance the Xar?u field in the Cear? basin, which subsurface data could be correlated with the surface ones
Grande parte dos prospectos e reservat?rios de petr?leo tem o seu arcabou?o estrutural como um fator de grande import?ncia. A geometria, interconectividade e densidade dos elementos da tect?nica fr?gil (falhas, fraturas, etc.), t?m grande influ?ncia no car?ter permo-poroso do meio e, por conseguinte, no fluxo de fluidos. Tendo em vista as dificuldades encontradas para a caracteriza??o da deforma??o fr?gil, unicamente com dados de subsuperf?cie, v?rios estudos est?o sendo direcionados ao detalhamento das por??es emersas das bacias e de seus substratos, em busca de an?logos da deforma??o. Na Regi?o de Santana do Acara? aflora um corpo aren?tico conglomer?tico (CAC) cuja geometria ? controlada por falhas, principalmente de trend NE, interpretadas como decorrentes da reativa??o do Lineamento Sobral Pedro II (LSP-II). A fim de caracterizar a deforma??o fr?gil em diferentes escalas, estudou-se os atributos do fraturamento tais como: orienta??o, densidade, cinem?tica, abertura, etc., atrav?s de scanlines em imagens de sat?lite, afloramentos e se??es delgadas. O estudo das imagens de sat?lite mostrou que as macroestruturas da ?rea apresentam tr?s dire??es preferenciais sendo elas N-S, NE-SW e E-W. As dire??es N-S e E-W s?o compat?veis com movimento de blocos observados por estudos gravim?tricos. O estudo do CAC mostrou que ele apresenta uma estrutura sinformal alongada na dire??o NE-SW, fruto de uma tect?nica transpressional dextral desenvolvida enquanto o corpo ainda n?o estava completamente litificado. Foi evidenciada a exist?ncia de duas outras fases de reativa??o, ocorridas quando o CAC j? se encontrava totalmente litificado. A tect?nica fr?gil compartimentou o CAC em blocos, cujo basculamento, gera varia??es na orienta??o de alguns de seus elementos (S0, por exemplo). Com base na varia??o da orienta??o de S0, o CAC pode ser subdividido em v?rios dom?nios. Do ponto de vista da orienta??o do fraturamento/falhamento os estudos na meso e microescala mostraram que as rochas do embasamento do CAC possuem um padr?o de lineamentos basicamente bimodal (NE e NW), enquanto no CAC observou-se que, embora haja uma distribui??o do fraturamento em varias dire??es, em todos os dom?nios, a concentra??o ao longo de dois trends espec?ficos nos dom?nios que apresentam as mesmas orienta??es de S0 ? marcante, caracter?stica e distinta. Os diversos dom?nios s?o agrupados em tr?s conjuntos, onde o conjunto que apresenta S0 praticamente NW mostra um fraturamento principal com trend NE e secund?rio NW, enquanto que o conjunto apresentando S0 com dire??o NE, mostra uma maior concentra??o dos lineamentos ao longo dos trend NW e secundariamente com trend NE. No conjunto de dom?nios com S0 praticamente N-S, o trend principal do fraturamento ? NE e o secund?rio NW. Outros atributos do fraturamento, tal como o seu comprimento, foi tamb?m analisado e comparado em diversas escalas buscando verificar se existia uma rela??o de upscale. O desenvolvimento de um modelo digital de terreno, com as estruturas fr?geis superpostas, propiciou uma vis?o tridimensional da regi?o estudada. O entendimento da deforma??o fr?gil que atingiu o corpo aren?tico-conglomer?tico (CAC) da regi?o de Santana do Acara? (CE) e seu substrato reveste-se de import?ncia pela presen?a de reservat?rios fraturados nas bacias da margem equatorial brasileira (Campo de Xareu na bacia do Cear?, por exemplo), cujos dados podem ser confrontados com os de superf?cie
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COLOMBO, PIA VITTORIA. "GIULIO CESARE, "SPECCHIO" DELLA CRISI? SULLA FORTUNA DEL JULIUS CAESAR DI SHAKESPEARE NEL TEATRO ITALIANO DAL 1949 A OGGI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6168.
Анотація:
Rispetto agli altri studi sulla ricezione dell’opera drammatica di Shakespeare, questa tesi sulla fortuna del Julius Caesar nel teatro italiano dal 1949 al 2012 si spende innanzitutto per promuovere una rivalutazione, in senso positivo, dell’apporto degli adattamenti drammaturgici alla conoscenza del Bardo inglese in Italia. Avvalendosi di documentazione a stampa e archivistica coeva, nonché di interviste agli artisti del nostro teatro contemporaneo, lo studio ha verificato come nel realizzare le proprie messinscene del Julius Cesar i registi e gli attori che nel passato recente vi si sono cimentati abbiano perseguito tanto la ricostruzione filologica del dettato shakespeariano originale, quanto la propria ricerca stilistica personale, spesso e volentieri avvalendosi della collaborazione con eminenti esperti, al fine di presentare al pubblico allestimenti sempre esteticamente e filologicamente rigorosi, oltre che pertinenti e significativi. Pertanto, interrogandosi in generale sulle sfide e i compromessi insiti nella prassi ermeneutica, in definitiva questa ricerca sull’interpretazione del Julius Caesar nella scena italiana contemporanea tenta altresì di “demistificare” entrambe le mitologie shakespeariana e cesarea al fine di auspicare nuove pratiche di indagine drammaturgica e registica che permettano al nostro teatro di superare la crisi che attualmente attraversa. Ricostruendo i caratteri dei quindici allestimenti contemplati dal nostro studio, infatti, si è cercato di trarre dalla storia del nostro teatro e dei nostri studi shakespeariani degli utili spunti che possano infondere nuova linfa vitale alla dialettica tra la ricerca accademica e quella teatrale.This dissertation on the reception of William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar in Italian theatre from 1949 to 2012 calls for a positive consideration of theatrical adaptation practices, which only recently have been appropriately valued in Italian critical discourse on Shakespeare’s staging desiderata. Based on thorough archival research and interviews with contemporary theatre directors and actors, it also questions how much, and with what results, Italian theatre and academia have cooperated in the last seventy years so as to offer to the Italian audience "compromise stagings" of the Bard’s Roman tragedy that pursue both philology and innovation in theatrical work. While focusing on the history of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar hermeneutic practice, this research may also be read as an investigation into the myths surrounding both the historical figure of Julius Caesar and that of Shakespeare. This is achieved through an historical reconstruction of different critical approaches to textual analysis in the study of both subjects, which indirectly yet daringly tackles the question of why Italian theatre practitioners prefer Shakespeare’s plays to new dramaturgy in Italian. Through the study of a set of 15 Julius Caesar Italian productions, I thus aim to assess the “liveliness” of Italian theatre and present solution to its current “crisis” by learning from the past and suggesting new ways for active cooperation between theatre and academia.
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COLOMBO, PIA VITTORIA. "GIULIO CESARE, "SPECCHIO" DELLA CRISI? SULLA FORTUNA DEL JULIUS CAESAR DI SHAKESPEARE NEL TEATRO ITALIANO DAL 1949 A OGGI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6168.
Анотація:
Rispetto agli altri studi sulla ricezione dell’opera drammatica di Shakespeare, questa tesi sulla fortuna del Julius Caesar nel teatro italiano dal 1949 al 2012 si spende innanzitutto per promuovere una rivalutazione, in senso positivo, dell’apporto degli adattamenti drammaturgici alla conoscenza del Bardo inglese in Italia. Avvalendosi di documentazione a stampa e archivistica coeva, nonché di interviste agli artisti del nostro teatro contemporaneo, lo studio ha verificato come nel realizzare le proprie messinscene del Julius Cesar i registi e gli attori che nel passato recente vi si sono cimentati abbiano perseguito tanto la ricostruzione filologica del dettato shakespeariano originale, quanto la propria ricerca stilistica personale, spesso e volentieri avvalendosi della collaborazione con eminenti esperti, al fine di presentare al pubblico allestimenti sempre esteticamente e filologicamente rigorosi, oltre che pertinenti e significativi. Pertanto, interrogandosi in generale sulle sfide e i compromessi insiti nella prassi ermeneutica, in definitiva questa ricerca sull’interpretazione del Julius Caesar nella scena italiana contemporanea tenta altresì di “demistificare” entrambe le mitologie shakespeariana e cesarea al fine di auspicare nuove pratiche di indagine drammaturgica e registica che permettano al nostro teatro di superare la crisi che attualmente attraversa. Ricostruendo i caratteri dei quindici allestimenti contemplati dal nostro studio, infatti, si è cercato di trarre dalla storia del nostro teatro e dei nostri studi shakespeariani degli utili spunti che possano infondere nuova linfa vitale alla dialettica tra la ricerca accademica e quella teatrale.This dissertation on the reception of William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar in Italian theatre from 1949 to 2012 calls for a positive consideration of theatrical adaptation practices, which only recently have been appropriately valued in Italian critical discourse on Shakespeare’s staging desiderata. Based on thorough archival research and interviews with contemporary theatre directors and actors, it also questions how much, and with what results, Italian theatre and academia have cooperated in the last seventy years so as to offer to the Italian audience "compromise stagings" of the Bard’s Roman tragedy that pursue both philology and innovation in theatrical work. While focusing on the history of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar hermeneutic practice, this research may also be read as an investigation into the myths surrounding both the historical figure of Julius Caesar and that of Shakespeare. This is achieved through an historical reconstruction of different critical approaches to textual analysis in the study of both subjects, which indirectly yet daringly tackles the question of why Italian theatre practitioners prefer Shakespeare’s plays to new dramaturgy in Italian. Through the study of a set of 15 Julius Caesar Italian productions, I thus aim to assess the “liveliness” of Italian theatre and present solution to its current “crisis” by learning from the past and suggesting new ways for active cooperation between theatre and academia.
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Giménez, i. Mateu Lluís. "Paràmetres geomètrics i arquitectònics de les esglésies ortodoxes romaneses a la regió de Valàquia = Parametri geometrici şi arhitecturali ai Bisericilor Ortodoxe Româneşti din Ţara Românească." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382839.
Анотація:
This thesis focuses on the analysis, the compare, the identification and synthesize different geometric proportions and architectural elements that are common to the Romanian Orthodox Church in the historical region of Wallachia, and that have created an architectural pattern characteristic of the Orthodox temples in Romania. The thesis is subject to an International Mention, as it is written in Catalan and partly in Romanian.
The thesis enters into the foundations of the Romanian Orthodox liturgy and into the architecture of its historic temples to inquire the reasons that explain their particular characteristics. The thesis analyzes the reality of the religious phenomenon in today’s Romania, framing it in the political and social history of the country, enabling so to understand the idea of the dimension of this phenomenon; a phenomenon which is unusual for modern times, if compared with the situation of the other Christian confessions.
A visit to a group of churches that make up a list that is considered enough representative has enabled us to achieve a firsthand knowledge of the subject under study. Besides contrasting sizes and a full update of the bibliographic information that sometimes is proven to be obsolete, the visit gives access to a sensitive and perceptive vision of spatial reality of these buildings. It is noted that the representation with conventional technique does not explain this reality well enough or do not study raised strictly from the perspective of the history of art. Therefore, different alternative ways of the representation are considered as being more appropriate to the reality of the architecture of these churches. These routes pass through the
three-dimensional modeling and panoramic photomontages.
One can note the monumental character of these little churches and their approach basically functional. Under the principle of seeking proximity to the believer and a strong desire to provide a religious service, the same type keeps repeating with very few variations. In the same vein, we emphasize the relatively small sizes of these temples, particularly with regard to its interior spaces.
In this aspect, from the purely architectural perspective an amount of resources and scenic effects, despite its small size, come into play in shaping space inside churches analyzed. From the point of view of this thesis is the evaluation of these interior spaces where one has to look at when studying and classifying these buildings. To do so, it proposes a series of parameters that facilitate the comparison.
At a time when the expansion of the Romanian Orthodox creed calls for the construction of new churches, the knowledge that the thesis provides about the historical architecture of the historical temples of Wallachia wants to contribute to the an approach based on fundamental criteria. Moreover, this better understanding of the architectural logics that motivate its geometry should make possible to move towards new possible shapes that, without violating the essential features, can adapt better to the demands of today's world and the construction techniques of our time.Aquesta Tesi Doctoral se centra a analitzar, comparar, determinar i sintetitzar diferents aspectes geomètrics, de proporcions i d’elements arquitectònics que són comuns a les Esglésies Ortodoxes Romaneses, a la històrica regió de Valàquia, i que han creat un patró arquitectònic característics dels edificis de culte ortodox a Romania. La tesi està subjecte a Menció Internacional, pel que es redacta en català i parcialment en romanès. La tesi realitza una immersió en els fonaments de la litúrgia ortodoxa romanesa i en l’arquitectura dels seus temples històrics per tal d’indagar en les raons que n’expliquen les característiques particulars. La tesi analitza la realitat del fenomen religiós a la Romania d’avui, emmarcant-lo en la història política i social del país, permetent donar idea de la dimensió d’aquest fenomen; un fenomen que resulta insòlit, per als temps actuals, si se’l compara amb la situació imperant a la resta de confessions cristianes. La visita a un conjunt d’esglésies que conforma una llista que es considera prou representativa ha permès assolir un coneixement de primera mà del tema objecte d’estudi. A banda de contrastar mides i actualitzar una informació bibliogràfica que sovint resultava obsoleta, la visita dóna accés a una visió perceptiva i sensible de la realitat espacial d’aquests edificis. Es constata que la representació tècnica convencional no explica prou bé aquesta realitat ni ho fan tampoc els estudis plantejats des del prisma estricte de la història de l’art. Es plantegen doncs vies de representació alternatives, que es consideren més adequades a la realitat de l’arquitectura d’aquestes esglésies. Es tracta de vies que passen pel modelatge tridimensional i per l’elaboració de fotomuntatges panoràmics. Es fa notar el caràcter poc monumental d’aquestes esglésies i el seu plantejament bàsicament funcional. Sota el principi de buscar la proximitat amb el creient i amb una marcada voluntat de donar un servei, es va repetint el mateix tipus amb ben poques variacions. En la mateixa línia, es remarquen les dimensions relativament reduïdes d’aquests temples, particularment pel que fa als seus espais interiors. En aquest sentit i des del vessant més purament arquitectònic, es detallen la quantitat d’efectes escenogràfics i de recursos que, tot i les seves dimensions reduïdes, es posen en joc en la conformació espacial de l’interior de les esglésies analitzades. Des del punt de vista d’aquesta tesi, és en la valoració d’aquests espais interiors on cal fixar-se a l’hora d’estudiar i classificar aquests edificis. Per fer-ho, es proposa un seguit de paràmetres que en facilitin la comparació. En un moment en què l’expansió del credo ortodox romanès reclama la construcció de noves esglésies, el coneixement que la tesi aporta sobre l’arquitectura dels temples històrics de Valàquia vol contribuir a afrontar-ne la construcció amb criteris més fonamentats. Alhora, aquest millor coneixement de les lògiques arquitectòniques que motiven la seva geometria hauria de fer possible avançar cap a noves formalitzacions que, sense incomplir amb els trets essencials, s’adaptin millor a les exigències del món d’avui i a les tècniques constructives del nostre temps.
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Léal, Frédéric. "Albert Pitres (1848-1928) et Emmanuel Régis (1855-1918), les deux fondateurs de l'Ecole Neuropsychiatrique de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M163.
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Martins, Felipe Leal. "Contribui??o da ultrassonografia como exame complementar no estabelecimento do diagn?stico de les?es nodulares submucosas e subcut?neas da regi?o bucomaxilofacial." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1245.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28Ultrasonography is an innocuous noninvasive diagnostic tool, which is easy to perform and low-cost, and it is widely used in the medical field, indicated especially in the exam of soft tissues. Despite this, it is not usually requested by dental surgeons in the diagnostic investigation of intraoral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine how much this resource contributes to establishing the final diagnosis of nodules located in the oral and maxillofacial region. Accordingly, we evaluated the indication of use and reliability of the procedure in Dentistry, considering the usefulness to reach the definitive diagnosis of these alterations. Sixty-five patients with submucosal or subcutaneous nodules were recruited for the study. They had been indicated for and subjected to regional ultrasonography, since it was not possible to establish a conclusive diagnosis of the lesions only by clinical examination. Ultrasonography was carried out in an imaging diagnostic center utilizing the same apparatus Toshiba Aplio 80 Japan. The imaging reports were prepared by a single examiner, with wide experience in the interpretation of images of the oral and maxillofacial region. Of the total patients, 43 had a biopsy for histopathologic confirmation of the final diagnosis. In 22 individuals, it was not necessary to perform surgery, since imaging allowed the establishment of the diagnosis and management of the patient. Two investigators evaluated the results obtained with ultrasonography and estimated the scores, which were zero (ultrasonographic diagnosis differed from the final), 1 (contributed to the management of the patient) and 2 (defined the definitive diagnosis). The zero score accounted for 12.3% of the examinations performed, while 41.5 and 46,1% of patients had scores of 1 and 2, respectively, totaling 87.6% of cases where imaging was helpful. The procedure facilitated the diagnosis of vascular lesions in 93.3%, helped with the management of 87.5% of patients with both malignant and benign neoplasms, and had a role in establishing the final diagnosis in 76.5% of cases of mucus retention phenomena. The results obtained were in accordance to findings in the literature, which demonstrated that ultrasonography is an effective resource in determining the final diagnosis or in the management of patients with nonspecific nodular lesions in the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region
A ultrassonografia ? uma ferramenta de diagn?stico in?cua, n?o invasiva, de f?cil acesso e baixo custo utilizada amplamente na ?rea m?dica, indicada, em especial, no exame dos tecidos moles. Apesar disto, n?o costuma ser solicitada pelos cirurgi?es dentistas, durante a investiga??o diagn?stica de les?es intraorais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o grau de contribui??o que o recurso fornece no estabelecimento do diagn?stico final de n?dulos localizados na regi?o bucomaxilofacial. Buscou-se estabelecer a indica??o de uso e confiabilidade do m?todo na ?rea da Odontologia, considerando a possibilidade do mesmo favorecer ou n?o o diagn?stico conclusivo destas altera??es. Foram selecionados 65 pacientes portadores de n?dulos submucosos ou subcut?neos, que tiveram a indica??o e foram submetidos ? ultrassonografia regional, uma vez que n?o foi poss?vel estabelecer o diagn?stico conclusivo das les?es exclusivamente atrav?s do exame cl?nico. A ultrassonografia foi realizada em um centro de diagn?stico por imagem utilizando o aparelho Toshiba Japan modelo Aplio 80. Os laudos foram emitidos por um ?nico examinador, com ampla experi?ncia na interpreta??o de imagens da regi?o bucomaxilofacial. Do total de pacientes, 43 foram submetidos ? bi?psia tendo o exame histopatol?gico para confirma??o do diagn?stico final. Em 22 indiv?duos n?o foi necess?ria a execu??o do procedimento cir?rgico, uma vez que o exame de imagem permitiu o estabelecimento do diagn?stico e manejo do paciente. Dois pesquisadores avaliaram os resultados obtidos na ultrassonografia e estabeleceram escores, que variaram entre zero (onde significou que o diagn?stico ultrassonogr?fico diferiu do final), 1 (contribuiu no manejo do paciente) e 2 (definiu o diagn?stico conclusivo). O escore zero, representou 12,3% dos exames realizados, entretanto os escores 1 e 2 computaram respectivamente 41,5% e 46,1%, totalizando um percentual de contribui??o equivalente ? 87,6%. O m?todo favoreceu o diagn?stico das les?es vasculares em 93,3% e no manejo das neoplasias, tanto malignas quanto benignas, em 87,5%. Nos fen?menos de reten??o de muco participou no estabelecimento do diagn?stico final em 76,5%. Os resultados obtidos foram ao encontro dos achados na literatura, os quais demonstraram que a ultrassonografia ? um recurso eficaz na determina??o do diagn?stico final ou no manejo dos pacientes, portadores de les?es nodulares inespec?ficas dos tecidos moles da regi?o bucomaxilofacial.
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Gómez, Gener Lluís. "Effects of flow discontinuities on carbon gas fluxes in a Mediterranean fluvial network = Efecte de les dicontinuitats hidrològiques sobre els fluxes gasosos de carboni en una xarxa fluvial Mediterrània." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402823.
Анотація:
Inland waters are active components of the global carbon (C) cycle that transform, store and outgas more than half of the C they receive from adjacent terrestrial ecosystems. However, fundamental uncertainties regarding the spatiotemporal patterns, controls and sources of C gas fluxes in fluvial networks still exist. For instance, current biogeochemical models addressing C transport and processing in fluvial networks from a continuous perspective, do not integrate the effects of local discontinuities such as river impoundment or stream flow intermittency on the dynamics of C gas fluxes.
The present dissertation aims to examine how flow discontinuities (i.e., river impoundment, flow fragmentation and drying) shape the spatiotemporal patterns, the controls and the sources of C gas fluxes in a Mediterranean fluvial network. The study was performed from December 2012 to March 2015 in the Fluvià river (NE Iberian Peninsula), characterized by a high density of impounded waters associated to small water retention structures (SWRS; i.e., weirs and small to very small impoundments with surface area < 0.1 km2 and a volume < 0.2 hm3) as well as fragmented river sections dominated by isolated water pools and dry riverbeds coinciding with dry periods.
Results of this dissertation show that river discontinuities associated to SWRS and flow intermittency modulate the spatiotemporal patterns, controls and sources of C gas fluxes in the studied fluvial network. However, the magnitude of these effects varied depending on the nature of the discontinuity (i.e., river impoundment or flow intermittency), the type of C gas (i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4)) and the hydrological condition (i.e., high or low flow).
The presence of SWRS, despite their relatively small water capacity, attenuated the turbulent conditions occurring in free-flowing river sections. As a consequence, the diffusive CO2 emissions from impounded waters were significantly lower than from free-flowing river sections. Contrarily, no reduction in CH4 emissions from impounded river sections associated to the presence of SWRS was detected. This result suggests that the higher internal CH4 production at the impounded river sections, which remained very stable over time, compensated the attenuated physical effect on CH4 emissions. Despite potential inaccuracies in capturing the temporal and spatial heterogeneity, the ebullition was the predominant pathway of CH4 emissions in impounded river sections. Moreover, sources other than internal metabolism (i.e., external inputs, internal geochemical reactions or photochemical mineralization) sustained most of the fluvial network CO2 emissions. Specifically, the magnitude and sources of CO2 emissions depended on flow conditions in the free-flowing sections, whereas they remained relatively stable and independent of hydrological variation in the impounded river sections.
The channels of temporary rivers remain as active biogeochemical habitats processing and degassing significant amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere after flow cessation. In contrast, the CH4 efflux from dry beds was undetectable in almost all cases, most likely due to the high aeration limiting the redox requirements for microbial CH4 production. Our results also suggest that the source of CO2 emitted from dry riverbeds remains unclear, although CO2 produced from biological mineralization of fresh and labile organic matter fractions could be an important source.
Future hydrological scenarios considering the combined effects of climate change and human pressures on water resources in the Mediterranean regions show the rather low sensitivity of the annual CO2, CH4 and total C emissions to shifts in river discharge. In contrast, they stress the high sensitivity of annual CH4 and total C emissions to shifts in the surface area of lentic waterbodies associated to SWRS.
Overall, the main findings of this dissertation point to the need for a shift away from a continuous and system-centric view to a more inclusive approach that incorporates spatiotemporal discontinuities (i.e., SWRS and flow fragmentation and drying) as a suitable framework to understand the dynamics of C gas fluxes in fluvial networks.Les aigües continentals són uns components molt actius en cicle del carboni (C). Aquests, transformen, emmagatzemen i emeten la meitat de C que reben dels ecosistemes terrestres adjacents. No obstant, encara existeix una elevada incertesa pel que fa als patrons espaciotemporals, factors de control i principals fonts dels fluxos gasosos de C en xarxes fluvials. Els resultats d’aquesta tesi mostren que les estructures de retenció d’aigua de mida petita (ERMP), les quals són molt comuns en rius Mediterranis, van atenuar les condicions turbulents que caracteritzen les seccions del riu amb aigües corrents. Com a conseqüència, les emissions difusives de CO2 des d’aigües represades van ser inferiors a aquells des d’aigües corrents. Contràriament, la presència de ERMP no va suposar un efecte negatiu sobre les emissions de CH4. Tanmateix, fonts diferents al metabolisme intern (això és, entrades externes i reaccions geoquímiques o fotoquímiques internes) van sostenir les emissions de CO2 de la xarxa fluvial. La magnitud i fonts d’aquestes van dependre de les condicions hidrològiques en el cas dels trams d’aigües corrents, mentre que es van mantenir relativament estables i independents de la hidrologia en aquelles seccions de riu reprssades. Les lleres dels rius intermitents romanen actives pel que fa al processat i emissió de CO2 a l’atmosfera una vegada el flux superficial d’aigua cessa. Per contra, el flux d’emissió de CH4 des de les lleres seques va ser indetectable en gairebé tots els casos, probablement degut a les condicions d’alta aeració que limiten els requisits redox per a la producció microbiana de CH4. El flux d’emissió de CO2 des de les lleres seques va doblar a l’emès des de les lleres amb aigües corrents i va ser comparable a l’emès des dels sòls terrestres adjacents. No obstant, les lleres seques i els sòls terrestres adjacents van resultar ser mol diferents des d’un punt de vista fisicoquímic, mostrant així diferències en els principals factors i fonts que en regulen les emissions de CO2. En resum, les principals troballes fetes en aquesta tesi apunten cap a una necessitat clara de substituir els models continus i limitats espacialment per aquells models que incorporen discontinuïtats espaciotemporals (això és, represament del riu o intermitència del règim hidrològic) per tal d’entendre en millor mesura les dinàmiques dels fluxos gasos de C en xarxes fluvials.
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Jambon, Yannick. "Les faubourgs des villes modernes en France (XVIe-début du XIXe siècle) : étude historique et géographique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20101.
Анотація:
Les villes de la période moderne sont généralement définies comme un ensemble d’habitants bénéficiant de privilèges communs et vivant derrière des fortifications. Cette définition simple apparaît cependant restrictive. En effet, le territoire urbain ne se limitait pas à cette période aux limites symboliques matérialisées par les murailles. Tant morphologiquement que fiscalement ou économiquement, les faubourgs étaient les extensions naturelles de la cité en dehors du territoire primitif préalablement défini par le tracé des remparts. Cette thèse propose donc d’étudier précisément ces espaces longtemps oubliés de l’historiographie et par là même redéfinir la notion de ville moderne en FranceModern towns are generally pictured like a group of inhabitants enjoying common privileges and living behind fortifications. This simple definition sounds limited and restrictive. Indeed, at that time the urban territory was not limited to the symbolical limits represented by the fortifications. Morphologically, fiscally as well as economically, the suburbs were the natural extensions of the city beyond the original territory initially defined by the the plans of the walls. This doctoral thesis indeed highlights the study of these spaces which have been ignored in the historiography and thereby redefines the notion of the modern city in France
43
Leclaire, Jacques. "Oxydations catalysees par les cytochromes p-450 et les systemes metalloporphyriniques modeles : cas des alcenes monosubstitues et du leucotriene b::(4)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066473.
Анотація:
La selectivite des oxydations catalysees par les monooxygenases a cytochrome p-450 tient compte de deux facteurs principaux: 1) le role de la chaine proteique bordant le site actif du cytochrome p450. 2) la chimioselectivite du complexe a oxygene actif implique dans la reaction. Oxydation du phenoxy-6 hexene 1 et du leucotriene b4 fait intervenir des familles de cytochromes p-450 tres differentes. L'utilisation de systemes metalloporphyriniques permet de faire, en partie, la difference entre les facteurs dus a la reactivite intriseque de l'entite a oxygene actif et ceux dus a l'environnement proteique. L'apoproteine est absente et la reconnaissance du substrat est reduite a son strict minimum puisqu'elle n'est plus excitee que par la metalloporphyrine. Mise au point de catalyseurs selectifs d'oxydation des olefine monosubstituees
44
Blomart, Alain. "Le passage des dieux de l'autre vers la Rome et l'Athènes classiques : recherches comparatives et idéologiques sur les transferts de Junon Regina, Curtis, Caelestis, Cybèle, Bendis, Asclépios et des héros." Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE5022.
Анотація:
Le thème central de cette recherche est celui des dieux étrangers, que l'on a préfèré appeler ici "dieux de l'autre", prenant la notion d'altérité au sens de ce qui s'écarte des normes culturelles et sociales de l'identité d'un peuple dans l'antiquité. L'angle étudié est celui du passage, du transfert ou de l'institution de ces "dieux autres" à Athènes et à Rome, ainsi que leur arrière-fond idéologique, politique et social. La méthode adoptée est comparative et le champ historique choisi l'époque classique et républicaine. Dans la première partie a été revue de façon critique la théorie traditionnelle de l'évocation. Des textes littéraires indiquent que cette pratique romaine d'invocation était appliquée à des divinités romaines - et pas seulement étrangères - et tant en temps de paix qu'en temps de guerre (terminus, luventas,. . . ). En ce qui concerne les cités grecques, honorer les divinités des villes ennemies est une pratique peu usitée, sauf par Alexandre le Grand. Ce qui, en revanche, est plus répandu est la captation des héros ennemis (ceux de Salamine, Eaque). Dans la deuxième partie, le transfert ou l'instauration de trois divinités (Cybèle, Asclépios et Rendis) à Athènes et à Rome ont été décomposés en plusieurs phases et aspects. 1. Certaines divinités, avant d'être installées à Athènes ou à Rome, ont subi une acculturation préalable, le plus souvent dans leur cité ou région d'origine. 2. Viennent ensuite les lieux d'installation des divinités et leurs connotations symboliques ; il a ainsi semble nécessaire de remettre en question l'exclusion, souvent admise, des dieux étrangers à l'extérieur du pomerium. 3. Le transfert d'un nouveau dieu (ou héros) correspondait souvent à une alliance politique. 4. Le dieu connaissait une acculturation au moment de son introduction à Athènes et Rome. 5. Certains de ces dieux connaissaient un processus à la fois d'intégration et de distinction, une dualité de traits à la fois indigènes et étrangers.
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Mafra, Liliane Cristina de Albuquerque. "Estudo da din?mica costeira da regi?o da foz do rio Piranhas-A?u para gera??o de mapas de sensibilidade do litoral ao derramamento de ?leo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18794.
Анотація:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005-08-05The study area is located in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State comprising the mouth of A?u-Piranhas river including the cities of Porto do Mangue e Areia Branca. The local geological setting comprises Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary geological units of the Potiguar Basin. One is about a region of high morphologic instability due to action of the rigorous dynamic coastal processes, beyond the intense human activities mainly for the performance of the petroliferous industry, salt farms and tanks of shrimp industry.For the accomplishment of this work Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM + from four distinct dates were used as cartographic base, in which one applied techniques of digital processing to elaborate thematic maps of the existing natural resources to support the geologic and geomorphologic characterization and the soil and landuse maps. The strategy applied was the interpretation of multitemporal images from aerial and orbital remote sensors alIied to the terrain truth recognition, integrated through a Geographic Information System. These activities had alIowed the production of Sensitivity Maps of the Coast to Oil Spilling for the area, on the basis of the Coastal Sensibility Index. Taking into account the seasons were created maps to distinct datas: July 2003 represents the winter months that presented a sensibility lower when compared with the month of December 2003. For the summer months greater sensitivity is due to the hydrodynamic data that suggest a lesser capacity of natural cleanness of the oil and its derivatives in spilling case.These outcomes are an important and useful database to support an assessment to a risk situation and to taking decision in the face of an environmental disaster with oil spilling in coastal area, alIowing a complete visualization of the area and identifying all portions in the area with thei environmental units and respective Coastal Sensibility Index.
A ?rea de estudo, localiza-se na por??o setentrional do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na regi?o da foz do Rio Piranhas-A?u, compreendendo parte dos munic?pios de Porto do Mangue e Areia Branca-RN. A ?rea est? inserida no contexto geol?gico da Bacia Potiguar, representado por sedimentos cret?ceos, terci?rios e quatern?rios. Trata-se de uma regi?o de alta instabilidade morfol?gica, devido ? a??o dos processos costeiros, al?m da intensa a??o antr?pica, principalmente pela atua??o da ind?stria petrol?fera, salinas e tanques de carcinicultura. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho se usou como base cartogr?fica as imagens Landsat 5 TM e Landsat 7 ETM + em quatro datas distintas, nas quais aplicou-se t?cnicas de processamento digital na elabora??o de mapas tem?ticos dos recursos naturais existentes na ?rea, visando ? an?lise e caracteriza??o geol?gica, geomorfol?gica e das formas de uso e ocupa??o do solo. Desta maneira foi poss?vel a avalia??o da evolu??o temporal da ?rea, identificando as ?reas de alta sensibilidade ambiental. Este estudo teve como estrat?gia o uso de uma metodologia para a interpreta??o multitemporal de imagens de sensores remotos, a?reos e orbitais, e reconhecimento em campo, integrados em ambiente de Sistema de Informa??es Geogr?ficas. Estas atividades permitiram a elabora??o de Mapas de Sensibilidade do Litoral ao Derramamento de ?leo para a ?rea, com base nos ?ndices de Sensibilidade do Litoral (ISL). Considerando-se a sazonalidade local foram confeccionados mapas para datas distintas, Julho de 2003, representando os meses de inverno que apresentou uma sensibilidade mais baixa quando comparado ao m?s de Dezembro de 2003. Para os meses de ver?o a maior sensibilidade deve-se aos dados hidrodin?micos que sugerem uma menor capacidade de limpeza natural do ?leo e seus derivados em caso de derramamento. Os dados coletados e as informa??es geradas representam uma importante base de dados necess?rios ?s tomadas de decis?es para os casos de conten??o de ?leo e seus derivados derramados em ?reas costeiras, baseados nas caracter?sticas das diferentes unidades geoambientais e seus respectivos ?ndices de Sensibilidade do Litoral (ISL)
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Cruz, Esteve María Inés. "Ús de fàrmacs antidepressius i antipsicòtics per part de la població immigrant i autòctona de la regió sanitària de Lleida. Anàlisi de les desigualtats en l’exposició i en l’adherència al tractament." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81892.
Анотація:
L'estrès i el dol associats a la migració, així com la manca d'equitat en l'accés als serveis sanitaris influeixen negativament en la salut mental. Aquesta tesi té com objectiu determinar si l'exposició i l'adherència a antidepressius i antipsicòtics és diferent entre autòctons i immigrants d'una regió espanyola.
S'han realitzat quatre estudis entre 2007 i 2009 a partir de les dispensacions de fàrmacs a la població de la regió.
Tots els grups immigrants reben menys antidepressius i antipsicòtics que la població autòctona d'igual edat i sexe, amb diferències entre grups. El risc relatiu d'abandonament dels antidepressius és un 28% major en els immigrants; el 36,8% abandona el primer mes i només el 29,5% manté una bona adherència, davant el 38,8% dels autòctons. L'adherència als antipsicòtics és bona en el 19,1% dels immigrants i el 40,4% dels autòctons.
Les diferències trobades indiquen la necessitat d'aprofundir en les causes per establir les polítiques d'actuació necessàries.El estrés y el duelo asociados a la migración y la falta de equidad en el acceso a los servicios sanitarios influyen negativamente en la salud mental. El objetivo de esta tesis es determinar si la exposición a antidepresivos y antipsicóticos es diferente entre inmigrantes y autóctonos de una región española. Se realizaron cuatro estudios entre 2007 y 2009 a partir de las dispensaciones de fármacos. Todos los grupos inmigrantes recibieron menos antidepresivos y antipsicóticos que la población autóctona de igual edad y sexo, con diferencias entre grupos. El riesgo relativo de abandono de los antidepresivos fue un 28% mayor en los inmigrantes; el 36,8% abandonó durante el primer mes y solo el 29,5% mantuvo una buena adherencia, frente al 38,8% de autóctonos. La adherencia a antipsicóticos fue del 19,1% y 40,4% para inmigrantes y autóctonos respectivamente. Las diferencias encontradas indican la necesidad de profundizar en las causas para establecer las políticas de actuación adecuadas.
Immigration is a stressful process and a risk factor for mental illness. Inequality in health care access can worsen this situation. The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences between immigrants and non-immigrants in the use of and compliance with antidepressant and antipsychotic treatment in a Spanish region. It includes four studies on pharmaceutical dispensing done between 2007 and 2009. All immigrant groups have lower antidepressant and antipsychotic consumption than the native population of the same age and sex, with differences between groups. The relative risk of abandoning treatment is 28% higher in immigrants; 36,8% filled only one prescription and 29,5% presented good compliance compared with 38,8% of natives. Antipsychotic adherence was appropriate for 19,1% of immigrants and 40,4% of native. More research is needed to understand the causes of these differences and to ensure adequate access and use of mental health services.
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Silva, Joice de Oliveira Epif?nio da. "A inser??o de pessoas com defici?ncia no mercado de trabalho: os sentidos da Lei de Cotas para os gestores de Recursos Humanos da regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2456.
Анотація:
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T16:40:07Z
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Law No. 8213/91, known as the Quota Law was formulated as a tool to implement the National Policy on Employment Dues for Persons with Disabilities. This law today is one of the main means for the insertion of PCDs (Persons with Disabilities) into the labor market. However, the implementation of this law occurs in the face of some difficulties, such as accessibility, for example, in addition to prejudice regarding PCDs in the social environment, which ultimately interferes with its effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to understand the meanings attributed to the Quota Law by HR Managers who act or have acted in organizations that apply the Quota Law. In order to achieve this goal, nine interviews were conducted, of which eight interviews were conducted with managers, some of whom were in full exercise until the date of the interview, and others who had recently left the organization in which they performed HR functions, and was also interviewed the coordinator of the State Nucleus for Assistance to the Disabled (NEAD). Besides the interviews, this work made use of the technique of observation and the analysis of the collected material occurred through the Nuclei of Meaning. The results show that the managers interviewed still perceive the Quota Law as a merely punitive Law, however, they understand the Quota Law also, as an important one, if not unique, tool for the insertion of PCDs into the labor market. With this, it can be said that the meanings that managers attribute to the Quota Law are loaded with prejudice and the way the Quota Law is signified by these managers reflects in the way they execute this Law, and it can be affirmed that the issue is cultural.
A lei n? 8213/91, conhecida como Lei de Cotas foi formulada como ferramenta para implementar a Pol?tica Nacional de Cotas Empregat?cias para Portadores de Defici?ncia. Esta lei hoje ? um dos principais meios para a inser??o das PCDs (Pessoas com Defici?ncia) no mercado de trabalho. Contudo, a implementa??o desta lei ocorre diante de algumas dificuldades, como a acessibilidade, por exemplo, al?m do preconceito no que tange ?s PCDs no meio social, o que acaba interferindo na efetividade da mesma. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, compreender os sentidos atribu?dos ? Lei de Cotas pelos Gestores de RH que atuam, ou atuaram, em organiza??es que se aplica a Lei de Cotas. Para atingir este objetivo foram realizadas nove entrevistas, sendo oito entrevistas realizadas com gestores, dos quais alguns estavam em pleno exerc?cio da fun??o at? a data da entrevista e outros que haviam sa?do recentemente da organiza??o em que exercia a fun??o de gestor de RH, e ainda, foi entrevistada a coordenadora do N?cleo Estadual de Atendimento ao Deficiente (NEAD). Al?m das entrevistas este trabalho fez uso da t?cnica de observa??o e a an?lise do material levantado ocorreu por meio dos N?cleos de Significa??o. Os resultados mostram que os gestores entrevistados ainda percebem a Lei de Cotas como uma Lei meramente punitiva, entretanto, entendem a Lei de Cotas tamb?m, como uma importante, sen?o ?nica, ferramenta para a inser??o das PCDs no mercado de trabalho. Com isso, pode-se afirmar que os sentidos que os gestores atribuem a Lei de Cotas s?o carregados de preconceito e a forma como a Lei de Cotas ? significada por esses gestores reflete na forma como executam essa Lei, e ainda, pode-se afirmar que a quest?o ? cultural
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Gabbay, Max Simon. "Uma metodologia para estimativa de custos de perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo: um estudo de caso de dois campos onshore na regi?o nordeste do Brasil." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIA E ENGENHARIA DE PETR?LEO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21922.
Анотація:
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-09T16:26:29Z
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O custo dos po?os de petr?leo t?m impactos significativos nos gastos totais dos campos de produ??o, e, dependendo de seu valor final, pode vir a inviabilizar economicamente os mesmos, fazendo com que tenham de ser abandonados e posteriormente devolvidos ? Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis (ANP). Al?m disto, in?meros campos j? est?o em produ??o h? bastante tempo, exigindo custos cada vez menores para que ainda se tornem vi?veis economicamente. Apesar de vultosos investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, o custo/metro em in?meras empresas ainda continua crescendo ou se encontra sem um padr?o definido. Este trabalho descreve uma Metodologia desenvolvida que permite estimar o custo/metro perfurado, analisando o grau de relacionamento entre 10 (dez) vari?veis (profundidade final, n?mero de dias, se po?o explorat?rio ou de desenvolvimento da produ??o, se po?o vertical ou direcional, n?mero de fases, utiliza??o ou n?o de sondas tipo hidr?ulica roto-pneum?tica, percentual do Tempo perdido, ?ndice pluviom?trico do ano/m?s/?rea do po?o, tipo de sonda - se pr?pria ou contratada e custo di?rio da sonda) com a vari?vel custo/metro. Neste estudo foram selecionados todos os po?os perfurados de dois campos onshore na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, no per?odo 2006 a 2011. O estudo demonstrou cientificamente que o custo/metro dos po?os do primeiro campo foi impactado pelas vari?veis: profundidade final, n?mero de dias, se po?o explorat?rio ou de desenvolvimento da produ??o, se po?o vertical ou direcional, n?mero de fases, e pelo custo di?rio da sonda. Por outro lado, as vari?veis que impactaram o custo/metro do segundo campo foram: se po?o vertical ou direcional, o % Tempo perdido, o tipo de sonda (pr?pria ou contratada) e o custo di?rio da sonda. Posteriormente o estudo comprovou que a equa??o que descreveu o Modelo para o per?odo 2006-2011, foi tamb?m validada ao se utilizar os dados de 2012.
O custo dos po?os de petr?leo t?m impactos significativos nos gastos totais dos campos de produ??o, e, dependendo de seu valor final, pode vir a inviabilizar economicamente os mesmos, fazendo com que tenham de ser abandonados e posteriormente devolvidos ? Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis (ANP). Al?m disto, in?meros campos j? est?o em produ??o h? bastante tempo, exigindo custos cada vez menores para que ainda se tornem vi?veis economicamente. Apesar de vultosos investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, o custo/metro em in?meras empresas ainda continua crescendo ou se encontra sem um padr?o definido. Este trabalho descreve uma Metodologia desenvolvida que permite estimar o custo/metro perfurado, analisando o grau de relacionamento entre 10 (dez) vari?veis (profundidade final, n?mero de dias, se po?o explorat?rio ou de desenvolvimento da produ??o, se po?o vertical ou direcional, n?mero de fases, utiliza??o ou n?o de sondas tipo hidr?ulica roto-pneum?tica, percentual do Tempo perdido, ?ndice pluviom?trico do ano/m?s/?rea do po?o, tipo de sonda - se pr?pria ou contratada e custo di?rio da sonda) com a vari?vel custo/metro. Neste estudo foram selecionados todos os po?os perfurados de dois campos onshore na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, no per?odo 2006 a 2011. O estudo demonstrou cientificamente que o custo/metro dos po?os do primeiro campo foi impactado pelas vari?veis: profundidade final, n?mero de dias, se po?o explorat?rio ou de desenvolvimento da produ??o, se po?o vertical ou direcional, n?mero de fases, e pelo custo di?rio da sonda. Por outro lado, as vari?veis que impactaram o custo/metro do segundo campo foram: se po?o vertical ou direcional, o % Tempo perdido, o tipo de sonda (pr?pria ou contratada) e o custo di?rio da sonda. Posteriormente o estudo comprovou que a equa??o que descreveu o Modelo para o per?odo 2006-2011, foi tamb?m validada ao se utilizar os dados de 2012.
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Silva, Daniel Gustavo Mesquita da. "Secção de choque total absoluta do espalhamento de elétrons por Metanol e Etanol." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4933.
Анотація:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T15:24:44Z
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Neste trabalho foram obtidas Secções de Choque Totais Absolutas (SCTA) para moléculas de Etanol e Metanol utilizando um aparelho desenvolvido no Laboratório de Espectroscopia Atômica e Molecular do DF/UFJF, que emprega a técnica de transmissão linear. As medidas foram realizadas para o Metanol e Etanol cobrindo as energias de impacto de 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 e 500 eV e também de 60 eV para o Etanol. A resolução de energia em todas as medidas foi de 0,6 eV (FWHM) e a incerteza no cálculo das SCTs foi estimada em 5%. A faixa de pressão na célula de espalhamento foi mantida entre 1 a 4mTorr. Os elétrons que sofreram processos de colisões inelásticas podem ser descriminados daqueles que não sofreram nenhum processo de interação com o alvo por um analisador cilíndrico dispersivo 127º, que tem a finalidade de selecionar os elétrons que serão detectados pelo Coletor de Faraday. Medindo a intensidade do feixe de elétrons atenuados, a SCTA pode ser obtida aplicando a Lei de Lambert Beer. Os dados foram obtidos através de um procedimento estatístico envolvendo uma série de 4 a 7 sessões de medidas, os valores obtidos foram utilizados para encontrar a SCT para uma determinada energia definida. Além das medidas experimentais, nós determinamos SCT utilizando a Regra da Aditividade. Nós também avaliamos nossos dados experimentais usando uma fórmula de dois parâmetros (Curva de Born) para cada gás. Nossos dados experimentais concordam com a maioria dos dados publicados na literatura. Não existem dados reportados na literatura de SCT para a molécula do Etanol (C2H5OH).
We have measured the absolute Total Cross Section (TCS) for methanol and ethanol molecules using an apparatus manufactured at the Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory at DF/UFJF, which employ the linear transmission technique. The experimental data were taken at incident electron energies of 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 500 eV for methanol and ethanol and also of 60 eV for ethanol. The energy resolution in all measurements was 0,6 eV (FWHM) and the overall systematic uncertainty at the TCS were evaluated to be less than 5%. The pressure range in the scattering cell was chosen between 1 and 4mTorr. Those electrons which passed the exit orifice of the chamber were discriminated with a 127o cylindrical energy selector coupled with an entrance set of electrostatic lenses and detected by a Faraday cup. Measuring the attenuation of intensity of the projectile-particle beam transmitted through the target volume, the absolute TCS for a given impact energy was derived from the Beer-Lambert law. The measurements were carried out for a given energy in a series of alt least 4 runs, each one taking at least 7 values and an averaging procedure was applied to derive the final total cross section at a particular energy. Besides the experimental measurements, we have additionally determined TCS using the Additivity Rule. We have also evaluated our experimental data using a fitting procedure with the Born-like formula containing two parameters for each gas. Our experimental data are in good agreement with the majority of previous measurements published in the literature. There are no previous reports of experimental electron scattering Total Cross Section C2H5OH in the literature.
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Capdevila, Lanzaco Pol. "Life history, population dynamics and conservation of underwater Mediterranean forests: insights from the long-lived alga Cystoseira zosteroides = Història de vida, ecologia de poblacions i conservació dels boscos submergits del Mediterrani: el cas de l'alga longeva Cystoseira zosteroides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456298.
Анотація:
Life history theory and population ecology have been especially neglectful of marine species, with most ecological principles developed from studies based on terrestrial species. This is especially true for macroalgae species, for which population dynamics and life history studies are still scarce. Given their fundamental role as habitat-forming species and primary producers in temperate seas worldwide, understanding the dynamics of macroalgae populations is fundamental, not only for their own conservation but also for their associated biodiversity and marine coastal ecosystems functioning.
Therefore, the present dissertation aims to unravel some of the processes and mechanisms that shape the population dynamics of the deep-water, long-lived and habitat-forming macroalga, Cystoseira zosteroides. With this information, we aim to bolster our ability to predict the future of this species in a globally impacted world, as well as to develop management tools to improve their conservation status. Overall, we aim to improve our current comprehension about the population dynamics and life history of macroalgae.
The results obtained from our monitored populations show that C. zosteroides have slow population dynamics. By using comparative analyses, we observed contrasting life history strategies among macroalgae species. While other intertidal fucoid and kelp populations highly depend on reproductive processes and the growth of organisms, natural and undisturbed C. zosteroides populations are maintained by the high survival and long lifespan of adult individuals. We also demonstrated that the dispersal ability of brown macroalgae is very limited compared to other taxa, with kelps showing higher dispersal potential than fucoids.
Our findings showed that disturbances highly influence C. zosteroides population dynamics. After an extreme storm and the impact of a ghost fishing net, their populations displayed a high increase in recruitment rates, suggesting a negative density-dependence effect of adults on early stages. We observed that in recruitment plates located inside well-developed adult canopies post-settlement survival is lower than outside the adult canopy. This evidence that adult C. zosteroides individuals establish a ceiling for the development of recruits. Thus, density-dependence plays a key role regulating C. zosteroides population dynamics, triggering their recovery after major disturbances. In contrast to natural populations, after major mortality events, their recovery and dynamics highly depend on the reproductive process. This is particularly worrying given the limited effective dispersal of this species.
Finally, despite the high ability of C. zosteroides to compensate morality pulses through density-dependence, their recovery can take decades, rendering their populations more vulnerable. Although isolated mortality events can be compensated, our demographic simulations showed that the combined effect of physical disturbances, compromise the viability of C. zosteroides populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that warming has a high impact on early life stages of this species. Decreased early survival and settlement rates due to rising temperatures delay the recovery ability of C. zosteroides and increase the vulnerability of their populations.
Overall, our findings do not only contribute to better comprehend macroalgae population dynamics, but also provide new insights for their effective management. With this dissertation we evidence the key role of population ecology and life history into understanding the dynamics of species, stressing how these disciplines may help us to better comprehend the future of coastal marine ecosystems.La teoria sobre les històries de vida i l’ecologia de poblacions desenvolupen principis ecològics basats principalment en estudis realitzats en espècies terrestres, sovint sense tenir en compte les espècies marines. A través d’aquesta tesi preteníem descriure alguns dels processos i mecanismes que configuren la dinàmica poblacional de Cystoseira zosteroides, una macroalga longeva i formadora d’hàbitat, que habita en aigües profundes del Mediterrani Nord- Occidental. En un context més ampli, també es pretén augmentar la nostra comprensió actual sobre la dinàmica poblacional i la història de vida de les macroalgues. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que C. zosteroides presenta una dinàmica poblacional molt lenta. Mentre que altres poblacions de Fucals i de Kelps d’hàbitats de poca profunditat depenen principalment de processos reproductius i del creixement dels organismes, les poblacions naturals i no pertorbades de C. zosteroides es mantenen gràcies a l’elevada supervivència i la llarga esperança de vida dels individus adults. També demostrem que la capacitat de dispersió de les macroalgues brunes és molt limitada en comparació amb altres taxons, tot i que els Kelps presenten un major potencial de dispersió que les Fucals. Els nostres resultats també demostren que la denso-dependència juga un paper clau regulant la dinàmica poblacional de C. zosteroides, ja que pot impulsar la seva recuperació després de grans pertorbacions. A diferència de les poblacions no alterades, després de grans esdeveniments de mortalitat, la recuperació i dinàmica de les poblacions de C. zosteroides depèn molt dels processos reproductius. Això és especialment preocupant donada la limitada dispersió efectiva d’aquesta espècie. No obstant, tot i que els esdeveniments de mortalitat aïllats es poden compensar amb polsos de reclutament, les nostres simulacions demogràfiques demostren que l’efecte combinat dels pertorbacions físiques, com les tempestes i les xarxes de pesca abandonades, comprometen la viabilitat de les poblacions de C. zosteroides. A més, hem demostrat que l’escalfament té un gran impacte en les primeres etapes de vida d’aquesta espècie, fet que retarda la capacitat de recuperació de C. zosteroides i augmenta la seva vulnerabilitat a altres pertorbacions. En general, els nostres resultats no només contribueixen a comprendre millor la dinàmica poblacional de les macroalgues, sinó que també proporcionen noves idees per a la seva gestió eficaç. Amb aquesta tesi, es demostra el paper clau de l’ecologia de poblacions i la història de la vida en la comprensió de la dinàmica de les espècies i destaca com aquestes disciplines poden ajudar-nos a entendre millor el futur dels ecosistemes marins costaners.