Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Levures (botanique) – Lutte contre"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Levures (botanique) – Lutte contre":
Brasseur, Nicole, and Cécile Buysse. "Bruxelles, dix ans d’actions communautaires dans les quartiers soumis à la rénovation urbaine." Logement et luttes urbaines, no. 4 (February 4, 2016): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035038ar.
Bessat, Marie, Emmanuel Castella, Martin C. D. Speight, Dominique Fleury, and Nicolas Delabays. "Biodiversité fonctionnelle en paysage agricole : étude floristique et syrphidologique de Surfaces de Promotion de la Biodiversité (SPB)." BASE, no. 4 (2019): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18236.
Taqarort, Naima, Lahcen Bouzerda, Hassan Boubaker, Abdellah Ait Ben Aoumar, and El Hassan Boudyach. "Lutte biologique contre la pourriture verte des agrumes en post-récolte par l'utilisation de levures antagonistes." Acta Botanica Gallica 155, no. 2 (January 2008): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2008.10516106.
N'dri, Armand Gildas Elvis Yao, Irene Ahou Kouadio, and Louis Ban Koffi. "Evaluation des activités antifongiques des levures isolées des épluchures fermentées de deux variétés de <i>Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata</i>: «Kponan», «Krenglè» et de la variété «Bètè Bètè» (<i>Dioscorea alata</i>)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 7 (February 22, 2024): 2773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i7.14.
Sotondji, F. A., O. K. Douro Kpindoui, A. C. Djihinto, E. A. Dannon, G. Zodome, R. Sagbo, J. Dossou, E. Adjou, D. C. Hougourou, and M. M. Soumanou. "Efficacité du baume de cajou et des huiles végétales pour la lutte contre les populations de Plutella xylostella L. 1758 (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." African Crop Science Journal 28, no. 2 (July 27, 2020): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i2.2.
FARRUGGIA, A., B. MARTIN, R. BAUMONT, S. PRACHE, M. DOREAU, H. HOSTE, and D. DURAND. "Quels intérêts de la diversité floristique des prairies permanentes pour les ruminants et les produits animaux ?" INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2008): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.2.3391.
Allou Isidore, SARAKA, ABO Kouabenan, OUATTARA Katinan Etienne, and ZIRIHI Guédé Noël. "Étude botanique, tri phytochimique et évaluation in vitro de l’activité antifongique des extraits de feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) Müll. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur Fusarium sp. et Phytophthora sp. deux champignons phytopathogènes." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.2 (August 31, 2019): 6903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-2.4.
DELNATTE, César, Cindy TEPIE POTIRON, and Fabian RATEAU. "Détection précoce et lutte rapide contre la plante aquatique exotique Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle en Martinique." Naturae, no. 5 (February 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/naturae2021a5.
Дисертації з теми "Levures (botanique) – Lutte contre":
Sadek, Ali. "Propriétés probiotiques de levures non-Saccharomyces à activités antibactériennes et étude du mycobiote de vaches laitières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR085.
The first objective of this thesis was to study the fungal component of ruminant microbiota, particularly in dairy cows. To this end, we targeted the intestinal mycobiota of dairy cows differently fed and considering also the impact of the seasonality. Therefore, the analysis of beta-diversity showed a different mycobiota, depending on the type of feed received. The cows were fed with a summer pasture diet and a winter diet constituted of hay, corn and grass silage and production concentrate. The alpha diversity indices (Simpson inverse, Chao1, Simpson uniformity) unveiled a greater richness, diversity and uniformity of mycobiota with summer feeding, and a noticeable decrease in these parameters with winter feeding. In our analysis, we found that Geotrichum genus was present in all ruminants in this study in winter, leading to the highest relative abundance 65%. A second study revealed a mycobiota composed of an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) belonging to the Dipodascaceae family and present in all compartments of the gastrointestinal tract (rumen, colon, rectum). The OTU could not be further identified, but it should be noted that the Geotrichum genus belongs to the Dipodascaceae family. Analysis of the beta-diversity of these same samples was carried out after DNA extraction using 3 different kits, and analysis of the mycobiotic profiles revealed differences between the profile obtained using DNA extracted with a commercial kit recommended for microbiota analysis (ZM), and the profiles obtained with the other two kits (MN and ZQ). The second objective was to screen and characterize a collection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for their probiotic trends and design a potential application in the animal production, particularly in ruminants. Following a screening of a collection of 431 non-Saccharomyces yeasts for their inhibitory activity against Gram-positive target bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, 71 strains showed inhibitory activity against at least one of the target bacteria. Nonetheless, we considered 6 non-Saccharomyces yeasts (ICVY060, LAN55, ICVY061, ICVY062, ICVY063 and ICVY064) due to their spectrum of activity in vitro against ruminant pathogens, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and prevailing temperatures of 30°C and 39°C. Two strains, ICVY060 and LAN55, showed the broadest spectrum of activity by inhibiting all targeted bacteria. Of note, these strains were characterized for their resistance to conditions mimicking those prevailing in the animal abomasum and intestine compartments, with better survival rate in the in vitro abomasum conditions. Finally, all these strains resulted to be safe as non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic activity was registered and were also sensitive to the main antifungal agents of clinical use. Further analyses, such as their surface properties or their impact on membrane integrity by studying the expression of genes encoding cell junction proteins were established
Ouattara, Nangouban. "Etude phytochimique et biologique des plantes médicinales antimicrobiennes de Côte d’Ivoire pour une valorisation thérapeutique contre Toxoplasma gondii et Candida auris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS059.
This work presents a bioguided phytochemical study of nine Ivorian plants pre-selected for their potential antiparasitic and/or fungicidal activity: Combretum micranthum G. Don (Combretaceae), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae), Erigeron floribundus Kunth Sch.Bip (Asteraceae), Oldfieldia africana Benth. & Hook. f. (Euphorbiaceae), Octoknema borealis Hutch. & Dalziel (Olacaceae), Omphalocarpum ahia A. Chev (Sapotaceae), Omphalocarpum elatum Miers (Sapotaceae), Tristemma coronatum Benth (Melastomataceae) and Tristemma spp (Melastomataceae).Sequential extractions yielded forty-four crude extracts, which were then screened in vitro at 25 µg/ml against Toxoplasma gondii. Thirty-seven extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic against Vero cells, and ten of these inhibited parasite growth by more than 50%. On the other hand, screening of these forty-four extracts revealed that five of them inhibited more than 50% of the growth of Candida auris and other yeast strains.Three extracts that inhibited more than 90% of parasite growth were selected for the identification of the compounds present, responsible for the activity against T. gondii: the Dichloromethane extract of the bark of the trunk and the AcOEt extract of the leaves of Omphalocarpum ahia; and the hydromethanolic extract of the leaves of E. guineensis.The work carried out on the barks and leaves of O. ahia led mainly to the discovery of triterpenes, including eight new ones, for which chemosensitivity tests were carried out. This showed that an ursan-type triterpene strongly inhibits the growth of toxoplasma, while being highly selective to it. The selectivity index and IC50 allowed us to discuss the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between the isolated triterpenes. The biological target on toxoplasma was sought by reverse docking, and the results indicated that certain bioactive triterpenes form different complexes with the DNA-binding protein of the histone family, the protein containing the SET domain and the protein containing the pH domain of toxoplasma.Bioguided fractionation of the hydromethanolic extract of E. guineensis leaves did not reveal any antitoxoplasmic activity. Purification of the fractions enabled us to characterise triterpenes, sesquiterpenes (including three new ones), polyphenols (including one new one), flavonoids and alkaloids that are potentially responsible for the masked antitoxoplasmic activity.The AcOEt extract of Octoknema borealis trunk bark was the only one to show antifungal activity against all yeasts (MIC = 25 µg/ml) and over 70% to 90% growth inhibition of C. auris and other yeasts. This AcOEt extract was fractionated by CPC, and antifungal activity was found in the majority of its fractions. The chemical profiling of these fractions was carried out by 13C NMR dereplication (CaraMel) and enabled us to identify the metabolites responsible for this strong fungicidal activity
Le, Boulc'h Anne-Elisabeth. "Histoire de la greffe végétale au XIXe et XXe siècle. : enjeux scientifiques d'une pratique horticole." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2040/document.
Used since ancient times, plant grafting reached a new status in the early 19th C, as it became the subject of a rich dialogue between horticultural practitioners and botanists when scientific horticulture emerged as a new research field. This study focuses on plant grafting considering the increasing richness of the scientific inquiries it brought about the areas of plant biology and horticulture in France between 1820 and 1908. Until around 1860, enlightened practitioners concentrated on the conditions which would ensure grafting success. Yet, anatomical and physiological studies allowed for a more refined understanding of the vital processes of grafting, and questions are phrased regarding the nature of the individual resulting from the association of two different living beings. At the end of the 19th C, practitioners and theorists of grafting confronted their ideas in several conferences associating horticulture and botany. For the Neolamarckian French botanists, plant grafting constitutes a singular example of how the environment can influence plant organisms. The work of botanist Lucien Daniel revealed the scientific contents stake of plant grafting represents, in particular as regards the controversy it generates between Neolamarckian and Weismannian botanists with respect to the recognition of graft hybrids. In 1870 with the phylloxera crisis of grapevines in France, the debates took on renewed significance with a new practical scope: the need to find hybrid rootstock without altering the quality of the wines. In a historical sens, plant grafting emerged as an object whose complexity is built from the mutual contribution of science and usage during the 19th C
Moulin, Florence. "Etude des interactions Pythium spp. - Pseudomonas spp. Fluorescents dans la rhizosphère du concombre : application à la lutte biologique en culture hors-sol." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10098.
Abd, Elfatah Hamida Ahmed. "Une approche fonctionnelle de la compétition entre espèces adventices et espèces cultivées : application au cas de Solanum nigrum L. et de la tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Mill." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20257.
Buhler, Susanne. "Utilisation du seigle d'automne (Secale cereale) comme culture de couverture dans la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes dans la citrouille (Cucurbita pepo) au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26258/26258.pdf.
Huang, Yayu. "Effect of live yeast on the fermentation and microbiological physico-chemical parameters of the rumen, depending on the nature of the diet : modeling and validation in ruminant." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0003.
Ruminal acidosis is one of the major concerns of current dairy farms. Live yeasts (LY) have been extensively studied and used in dairy cows for stabilization of rumen fermentation. Recently, measurement of ruminal redox potential (Eh, in mV) has been considered as an interesting tool to indicate ruminal fermentation disorder. The positive effect of LY on ruminal Eh has been reported, but it remains variable according to the experimental conditions. The aims of this work was to provide better understanding of mode of actions of LY, and to define the optimal condition of LY utilization in dairy cows. The first part of this work consisted to quantitative analysis of existing results from 22 experiments with cannulated dairy cattle. The second part of this work consisted to verify some of the results from quantitative analysis by an in vivo experiment in lactating cows. By using quantitative analysis of existing data from previously conducted experiments, we clarified the relationship between ruminal redox and other main ruminal parameters such as pH and VFA profile, and suggested that Eh variations might be related to the transfer of electrons in the reactions producing VFAs in the rumen. Moreover, response of ruminal Eh following live yeast supplementation was also related to that of ruminal VFA profile, which suggested that the effect of LY on VFA profile was achieved via the increase of reducing power, possibly reflected improved electron transfer and use in the rumen. The analysis further demonstrated that the regulation of ruminal Eh by LY would be particularly effective when risk of digestive disorder is high. Since the influence of dietary characteristics on ruminal Eh was quantified, the effect of LY in a given diet could be indirectly estimated. In addition, quantitative analysis also associated the response of ruminal Eh following LY supplementation to the intake of soluble sugars. The in vivo experiment in early-lactating cows confirmed greater effect of LY on ruminal Eh in diet rich in soluble sugars, and further demonstrated that i) LY supplementation tended to impact the richness of ruminal bacteria, and ii) some unidentified metabolites were also influenced by LY supplementation, probably associated to the decrease of ruminal Eh
Kafiz, Boualem. "Contribution à l'étude des seuils biologiques de nuisibilité de l'avoine, (avena sativa l. ) dans une céréale de printemps (triticum vulgare vill. ) en relation avec le désherbage chimique : Effets du diclofop-méthyle et du 2, 4-D et de leur interaction." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10417.
Ben, M'henni Yosra. "Gestion de la maladie de dépérissement du pommier : criblage in vitro et in planta des activités protectrices d’une collection de microorganismes contre les Pythiacées et caractérisation chimique du principal actif produit par l’isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 Biocontrol and growth promotion potential of combined application of Trichoderma simmonsii and Aspergillus westerdijkiae in Apple root stock dieback." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS127.
Apple dieback is a telluric disease caused by several Pythiaceae species. It is responsible for serious damage and loss of trees in many orchards in Tunisia. As the chemical control of this disease poses eco-toxicological problems and the prophylactic means have limited effectiveness, other means of fight are actively sought. The objective of this thesis was to identify a new biological control agent against oomycetes responsible for this disease from a collection of Tunisian fungal and bacterial isolates as an alternative to chemical control. The fungal isolates studied belonged to the genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Penicillium spp., The bacterial isolates to the genus Bacillus spp. clade subtilis. Fungal isolates strongly inhibited the growth of Pythiaceae in vitro (> 40%) compared to bacterial isolates; in particular, the culture filtrates of isolates A. westerdijkiae A7 and T. simmonsii A2. The evaluation of the preventive and curative activity against Pythiaceae on apple rootstocks of these two fungal isolates and of the Bacillus B2 strain showed that T. simmonsii A2 was the most effective when applied preventively. Likewise, the combination of the Bacillus B2 strain and the A. westerdijkiae A7 isolate induced good protection against Pythiaceae as a preventive measure. The combination of the T. simmonsii A2 and A. westerdijkiae A7 isolates resulted in better protection in curative therapy, while the combination of the three isolates together greatly reduced the protective activity. Our study reveals the potential of Tunisian isolates, alone or in combination, as biological control agents against apple dieback as well as an additional beneficial effect on plant growth observed at the level of the roots and the length of the stems. Thus, we have selected the best candidates acting by antibiosis for the identification of the main active agents responsible for anti-oomycete activity. The A. westerdijkiae A7 isolate was retained with 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of the Pythiaceae isolates tested. Several successive purification steps of the culture filtrate made it possible to identify penicillic acid (3-mehoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-hexadienoic acid) as the main molecule responsible for inhibiting growth mycelia of the Pythiaceae tested. Since penicillic acid has toxic properties for human and animal health, isolate A. westerdijkiae A7 cannot be used as BCA since it produces this mycotoxin despite our promising results in planta. All of this work shows the anti-oomycete potential of microorganisms in vitro, which may differ from the protective activity against Pythiaceae in planta. They also reveal the need to characterize the active molecule for the toxicity studies necessary for the development of a biocontrol product
Mary, Benjamin. "Développement de l'imagerie des systèmes racinaires dans les ouvrages hydrauliques en remblai par tomographie électrique et acoustique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4386/document.
Woody vegetation from earth dikes or dams is a fragility factor which can promote mechanisms of degradation such as erosion. An accurate assessment of root system structure, from geophysical non-destructive methods, of root position into the embankment (depth, extension), and a good knowledge of soil conditions are critical in order to anticipate the consequences of vegetation development for the hydraulic structure’s safety. Laboratory experiments allowed determining intrinsic acoustical and electrical root properties leading to identify relevant signatures and discriminate anomalies related to roots in the field. The establishment of adapted experimental devices led us progressively to assess different parameters (roots mass, water content. . . ) under controlled conditions. Experiments in semi-controlled conditions with trees planted into a homogenous soil, were conducted to assess the relevance of different methodologies, such as the use of temporal induced polarization in complex resistivity tomography or the geometry of sensors for acoustical tomography. Innovative data processing such as wavelet analysis were used to valorize the rich database. The results were validated by the determination of actual root position.Finally, field investigations into an embankment have been performed to highlight a spatial variability of dike structures associated with trees presence. A methodology adapted to the geophysical diagnostic of vegetation roots in embankments was developed