Статті в журналах з теми "Lever flange"
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1
Velten, A. M., and R. L. U. de F. Pinto. "Flanged Connections of Steel Tubular Sections under High Bending Stresses: A Comparison between Two Thickness Design Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents a comparison of different possibilities of flange design of an aeolian tower structure, focusing the thickness determination, the critical connection parameter. The dimensioned structure is a fifteen-meter length tubular arm under bend stresses caused by wind loads and by gravitational loads, since the tubular arm might be horizontal or vertically positioned. The tubular sections connected by the flanges are all circular with external diameter varying from 270 to 360 mm and the flange modules are also circular shaped. Since the tubular diameters are relatively large, the lever effect plays a definitive role in the design. Most of the fluid conduits flange design criteria are not applicable for such diameters sizes and have a load case different from those of an aeolian tower. Two different approaches are presented and their flange thickness results compared.
2
Horie, N., S. Hino, S. Fukai, T. Kaneko, and T. Shimoyama. "Molar Luxations Caused by Holding Water Taps. Report of Five Cases." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 38, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.1.042273u60276m526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Luxation of a primary molar occurs rarely. Here, we describe five cases of primary molar luxation caused by holding a water tap pipe in the mouth during bathing. The patients were aged 16 to 19 months and the mandibular first primary molar was affected in all five cases. The second primary molar had not erupted. It is assumed that the flange of the pipe got stuck in the interdental space between the mandibular primary canine and first primary molar and the affected first molar was pushed out by force with the flange acting as a lever.
3
Cabaleiro, Manuel, Rafael Comesaña, Cristina González-Gaya, and Carlos Caamaño. "Analytical Model for the Fatigue Analysis of Steel Joints by Clamps According to the Lever Length." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the most commonly used materials in the construction of structures in the last two centuries are iron and steel. Clamp joints are a suitable type of joint when it is necessary to rehabilitate or modify a historical steel structure for new uses, reinforcing or modifying it with new beams, without the need to drill or weld on the original structure. The clamps allow beams to be joined with a flange (such as I-beams) without the need for any prior operation on the beams and allow the manufacture of completely removable and reconfigurable structures. Developing and analysing this type of fully removable and reconfigurable structure is necessary. To date, no studies have been carried out on the fatigue behaviour of steel joints by clamps, especially taking into account their main geometric characteristics, such as the size of the clamp levers. In this work, an analytical model is proposed that allows for the analysis of the number of cycles and the fatigue limit of clamp joints as a function of the size of the clamp levers. In addition, various fatigue tests are performed with different clamp sizes. The experimental results are compared with those obtained with the proposed methodology. Finally, the relationships between the lever length and the fatigue behaviour of the clamp joints have been determined. It is concluded that an increase in the size of the front lever is associated to a decrease in the fatigue limit. On the contrary, if the size of the rear lever is increased, the fatigue limit of the joint increases. In general, according to the obtained results, the resistance of the joint can be reduced to approximately one third when it is subjected to fatigue loads.
4
Zhang, Rong. "Finite Element Analysis of Top Flanged Joint System of High Power Level Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper uses non-linear finite element method to structurally analyze top flanged joint system of a MW wind turbine, sets up a finite element model of top flanged joint system by applying finite element analysis software MSC.Marc/Mentat, makes an analysis on the stress distribution of key components of top flanged joint system under ultimate operating mode based on applying appropriate boundary condition and loads, and carries out security examination on top flange and joint bolt. Result shows that key components of the top flanged joint system can satisfy design requirements, and it has a guiding role for rational design and performance improvement of large scale wind turbine flange, which can be used in structural analysis of other flanged joint systems, and has certain practical value in the aspect of engineering.
5
Sunley, Sergio, Koichi Kusunoki, Taiki Saito, and Carlos Zavala. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design codes prescribe equations for the ultimate state design of RC walls with flange walls as boundary elements. These codes consider part of the length of the flange wall as a width that will effectively resist lateral loads. However, wall damage and the accuracy of the effective width used in the calculations have not been sufficiently discussed. Therefore, a loading test is carried out at Yokohama National University on two 1/3 scale specimens in order to evaluate the strength, damage, energy dissipation, and behavior of RC structural walls in flexure. One specimen without flange walls and one with flange walls are tested. The strength and response of each specimen are described, and the prediction accuracy of the design flexural strengths given by design codes ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ are examined. Experimental strain data are used to describe the behavior of the flange wall in order to understand the mechanism and to confirm the accuracy of the effective width prescribed by the design codes in terms of tension and compression. The result of the experimental study reveals that design prescriptions given by ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ guidelines can conservatively estimate the flexural strength for RC walls without flanges, but they underestimate the flexural strength for flanged walls. This underestimation is due to a lack of knowledge of the mechanism that develops at the flange. It is not possible to determine a specific value for flexural effective width. However, according to the results of calculations, a portion larger than the width proposed by the aforementioned design codes serves to resist the stresses imposed by lateral loads. Therefore, it is confirmed that the flange width is underestimated by the design codes, and it increases with the imposed drift level. The stress distribution at the flange in the out-of-plane direction is found not to be uniform, a fact that is at odds with design assumptions.
6
Saptono, Hery, Gatot Eka Pramono, and Hablinur Al Khindi. "ANALISA DAYA DAN KONTROL KECEPATAN MOTOR PADA ALAT BANTU LAS ROTARY POSITIONER TABLE." AME (Aplikasi Mekanika dan Energi): Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/ame.v4i1.988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rotary Positioner Table is one of the welding aids that are widely used industrial world especially welding with the intention of facilitating welder to work on certain products. As the name implies Positioner which means positioning where the tool in this design can position the welding object freely according to the correct position and comfortable for people who are doing welding. This tool can be applied to drill the hole circle the same distance on the flange, to cut the round pieces , for welding pipes, welding shafts, discs, truck rims, etc.The selection of motor types and speed control becomes very important to support the performance of this tool which is expected to be used for welding with a maximum work load of 100 kg with vertical welding position. For that matter proper analysis is needed to determine the motor power and rotation speed of the turntable in order to get the best welding results. The way this Positioner tool works mechanically by rotating the rotary axis (lever) that has been made, to adjust the angle manually. This positioner can move on the X, Y, and Z axes.
7
Sutherland, Peter F., Alex M. Galloway, and Gary Longhurst. "Analysis of the integrity of a single stud assembly with externally corroded nuts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 3 (April 30, 2012): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420712446278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to determine whether a single 7/8′′ nominal diameter stud bolt and nuts assembly would fail to perform its required function in a flange assembly when the nut was corroded. This work was undertaken to form a basis for further work in development of a fitness-for-service assessment for corroded nuts. No current quantitative assessments exist for this area. A failure criterion was defined as a minimum 206.8 MPa stress in the stud, based on the bolting requirements stated in ASME B16.5-2003 pipe flanges and flanges fittings. A simple test rig was manufactured for testing the compliance of the corroded nuts subjected to the 206.8 MPa stress level and the corrosion was simulated by removing uniform layers of material from the surface of the nut. Finite element analysis (ANSYS 12.0) was also performed to evaluate the test rig and to consider the interaction between the nut and stud at the thread roots. It was found that no failure occurred in the threading and that failure of the assembly only occurred when there was a >60% material loss from the nut. The failure mode experienced was deformation of the flange plate. This analysis proved that a nut can experience significant effective material loss without damaging the flange integrity.
8
Horvath, Sabine, and Hans Neuner. "System identification of a robot arm with extended Kalman filter and artificial neural networks." Journal of Applied Geodesy 13, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The development of an algorithm to describe a dynamic system and to predict its future behaviour in further consequence is the aim of the present study. Non parametric models provide a general description of object dynamics and artificial neural networks (ANN), which are a very flexible and universal learning method, belong to it. However, the standard estimation procedures for ANN like Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) do not consider that data is observed and consequently is uncertain. The combination with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) enables the consideration of the uncertainty in the estimation process. The analogies between EKF and LM are discussed and thereon the advantages of the EKF are outlined. The integration of ANN into EKF will be evaluated on an industrial robot arm. At first, a simplified model is determined; the ANN describes the robot position deviations as a function of the joint encoder values. The robot reference positions are measured by a laser tracker. In order to compare it with the robot outputs, the observations need to be transformed to the robot frame and the offset between the end-effector and the robot flange has to be determined. A method to estimate both parameters simultaneously is developed and the results are verified on basis of simulated data. This paper comprises two novel approaches. First, uncertainty is considered in the ANN estimation on basis of the combination with the EKF. Considering the full covariance matrix of the robot deviations leads to a better prediction of the robot’s behaviour. Second, an integrated transformation and lever arm determination is introduced and the robot’s repeatability presents the limiting factor of the achievable parameter uncertainty.
9
Evdokimov, A. "LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF THE FLANGE CONNECTION OF BEAMS, COVERING OF A SINGLE-STOREY INDUSTRIAL BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ITS MUSHROOM SHAPE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-6-19-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with issues related to the analysis of steel frame structures. The subject of the study is the construction sector. The object of research is flanged joints of beams of coverings of one-storey industrial buildings. In order to achieve these goals, the following methods are used: analysis, synthesis, description, generalization and comparison. According to the results of the work, the features of forming the quality of interaction between flanged joints and high-strength bolts in the form of a nodal connection of coating beams are determined. Additionally, the analysis of features during the design work and production of flanged connections used for the implementation of popular design solutions for steel cross frames of single-storey buildings is carried out. The main directions of analysis of the state of steel structures in the presence of signs of deformation (mushroom shape) of the flange connection are disclosed. The obtained data helps to optimize the composition of structural reinforcement elements, as well as reduce the level of labor intensity in the production and installation of flange joints of single-storey buildings’ coating beams. In the course of the study, an experiment is conducted in which the principle of symmetry is used. The unidirectional connection in and between nodes is modeled using the elements considered. In this case, it is necessary to mention the phenomenon of the adhesive effect of the nodes during compression and the lack of adhesion during tension. The model takes into account the physical nonlinearity of the material properties, the behavior of which is set by bilinear dependencies under load
10
Kanayev, A. T., A. V. Bogomolov, and A. A. Kanayev. "Increase of Wear Resistance and Contact-Fatigue Strength of Wheel Steel by Plasma Hardening." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metallographic studies of structural-phase states formed in the section of the flange of the wheel band during surface plasma hardening were conducted. It is shown that the formation of several structural zones of different micro hardness is distinctly observed in the depth of hardening, which indicates the formation of a graded-layered structure. It has been confirmed that at superfast heating rates that occur during surface plasma quenching, phase and structural transformations are shifted to high temperatures, greatly changing the kinetics of nucleation and growth of the new phase (austenite). This forms a fine-grained austenite, which turns into a highly disperse martensitic structure, unattainable by traditional methods of heat treatment. It is shown that the main factor leading to strong hardening of the surface layer during plasma treatment is the formation in the near-surface zone of a nonequilibrium metastable structure, which goes over to a narrow zone of complete and incomplete quenching with an inhomogeneous and distorted structure of highly disperse martensite with a high level of internal stresses. The complete wear of the unstressed flange of the tire wheel band is 1.9 mm in 1.1 years, and for hardened flanges, wear is 0.7 mm for 2.6 years.
11
Wu, Enjun, Hongjun Chen, Weida Liao, Wenfeng Qu, Chong Huo, Zhengzhao Liang, Xiangzhao Huang, et al. "Detection of tower bolt looseness and its influence of wind level." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taking the wind turbine tower as the research object, based on the finite element software, a simplified beam-shell hybrid element model was first established; through the simulation, the phase difference between the loose position and the unloose position was compared to verify the feasibility of the phase difference detection method; Secondly, the influence of the number of loose bolts, the position of loosening, and the magnitude of the wind force on the phase of the flange bolt connection structure and the response characteristics of the system are analyzed. The research results show that the number of loose bolts, the position of loosening, and the magnitude of the wind have certain effects on the phase difference and response characteristics of the flange. With the increase in the number of loose bolts, the connection stiffness of the bolt connection continues to decrease. The linear characteristic is enhanced; the closer the loosening is to the excitation force loading position, the greater the detected phase difference; as the wind increases, the phase of the upper flange of the tower changes, and the phase of the lower flange remains unchanged, and the wind is on the flange The disc connection strength has little effect.
12
Jaszak, Przemysław, and Konrad Adamek. "Design and analysis of the flange-bolted joint with respect to required tightness and strength." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe paper presents the method of design and strength analysis of the flange-gasketed-bolted joint. In the first part, analytical calculations were carried out. Their purpose was to determine the assembly torque of nuts to achieve the desired tightness. The flanged joint designated as DN100 PN40 with two different gaskets was taken into consideration. The analytical calculations were performed in accordance with the algorithm included in PN EN 1591-1. In the further step, the numerical calculations were carried out to support the analytical results. The outcome of these calculations were maps of the contact stress distribution on the gasket surface, estimation of safety factors of individual joint elements as well as determination of the flange rotation. Data from the numerical calculations were compared with the analytical results, which confirmed their satisfactory compliance. In the last stage, the experimental tests of the joint were carried out. The main results of the test were the measured values of the leakage level, tightening force of the bolt and estimated safety factors. An indirect result of the experimental measurements were maps of the stress distribution on the contact surface of the gasket, which were determined by means of the measuring film. Ultimately, based on the experimental results, it was found that the proposed analytical method of calculation and simulation of the joint by means of the finite element method was a very good tool for the design of the joint at the required tightness level.
13
Carlos, Caio José, Jéssica Guimarães Alvarenga, and Mariana Scain Mazzochi. "Osteology of the feeding apparatus of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens and Brown Booby Sula leucogaster (Aves: Suliformes)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 20 (June 13, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we describe the skulls of Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens (Fregatidae) and Brown Booby (Sulidae) Sula leucogaster, with focus on the structures associated with the Musculi mandibulae. We discuss the results in the context of the feeding biology of the two species, which feed mainly on flying fish and squids. Frigatebirds capture prey from just above, or just below, the water surface in flight. The hook-shaped Apex maxillae in F. magnificens can be viewed as an adaptation for grasping prey from near the water surface. Boobies catch prey by plunging; thus, the dorsoventrally flattened skull and conical bill of S. leucogaster may reduce water resistance when it dives, or swims underwater. The bill is long in both species, such that it is on average 70% of the whole skull length in F. magnificens and 60% in S. leucogaster. Consequently, the Mm. mandibulae in the two species are more posteriorly positioned relative to the Apex rostri. This results in low mechanical advantage for the mandible opening-closing lever, indicating adaptations for a fast, rather than a strong, bite. Fast-moving mandibles would be advantageous for ‘mandibulating’ prey while swallowing. The Fossa musculorum temporalium and the Palatum osseum in both species provide a broad area for origins of the Musculus adductor mandibulae externus (all parts) and the Musculus pterygoideus. The Processus orbitalis quadrati is longer and thicker in F. magnificens than in S. leucogaster, and so is the Musculus pseudotemporalis profundus. We suggest that Mm. adductores mandibulae are relatively well developed in the two species; therefore, their mandibulae are still probably capable of a powerful adduction. In both species there is a mechanisms that contribute to protect the jaws from disarticulation and damage. Such mechanism involves the incorporation of a ‘flange-like’ Crista intercotylare on the Margo medialis cotylae medialis fossae articularis quadratica that grips the Condylus medialis quadrati. In S. leucogaster, the retractor-stop ‘notch’ formed by Ossa lacrimale et nasale also serves to protect the jaws against sudden external forces when birds are diving or swimming underwater for prey. A more detailed hypothesis for the jaw movements and strength in F. magnificens and in S. leucogaster and their relation with feeding habits should necessarily incorporate data on the jaw and anterior neck musculatures.
14
Miao, Ji Kui, and Zhi Hua Chen. "Seismic Behavior of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Column-to-Beam Connections with through Diaphragm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper studies seismic behavior of concrete-filled square steel tubular column-to-beam connection with through diaphragm, which is popular in Japan, but rarely used in China. Four full-scale cruciform specimens are tested under low-cyclic reversed load and the result of study indicates that diaphragm-through joints have stable hysteretic characteristics and enough energy dissipation capacities to be used in the field. Details of the steel beam flange connecting with the diaphragm have obvious effects on joint ductility and energy dissipation, and the seismic behavior of joints with circular fillet at the connecting zone are better than that reinforced by taper plate welded to the beam flanges. For the specimens failed in the beam, diaphragm thickness, size of concrete cast holes, width-to-thickness ratio of the tube, and the level of axial load in the column have less influence on joint seismic behavior.
15
Brown, Warren, Clyde Neely, and Steven J. Rossi. "Assembling Knowledge." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 07 (July 1, 2010): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-jul-6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article highlights various topics covered in ASME Standard and Certification’s Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Joint Assembly. This major revision focuses on significant additions to capture proven assembly knowledge, which impacts safety, efficiency, best practice, and cost reduction. In addition, the revision recommends that gaskets be not reused. This inclusion was made based on field experience with joint leakage or flange facing damage where gaskets, in particular RTJ gaskets, are reused. Appendix P provides guidance and a series of checklists designed to guide the user through an investigation of joint leakage. ASME PCC-1-2010 represents a step change in the level of detail provided for guidance on bolted joint assembly and will represent a significant body of work for the international improvement of the integrity of bolted flanged joints. The undertaking and commitment by the subcommittee members was significant; however, it is believed that the benefit to industry from this revision will be commensurate.
16
Zhang, Gong, Boming Li, Ti Liu, Wenhan Chen, and Yichang Wang. "Pose Estimation of GIS Pipeline Based on Spatial Transformation Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2066, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The manual flange structure alignment between GIS pipelines in the power system is inefficient and difficult to accurately align. To solve this problem, combined with the research results in the field of deep learning named spatial transformation network, a new pose estimation method based on single camera is proposed. In view of the high similarity between the moving flange and the static flange at the pixel level, the spatial transformation network is used to find the pixel mapping relationship of the two flange images. Thereby establishing the mapping relationship between the pixel coordinates of the two flange images and then using multiple points. In the perspective method, the pixel coordinates are mapped to the world coordinates to obtain the estimation of the position of the key point in the flange, and then the direction vector of the flange is calculated according to the position of the key point. Since there is a pixel coordinate transformation relationship between the static flange and the movable flange. Only the position of the key point in the static flange can be inversely solved by measuring the position of the key point in the static flange. Experiments show that, compared to the traditional method of measuring flange pose based on instrument measurement and linear regression, the method proposed in this paper can accurately measure the pose of the flange structure. And it can rely as little as possible on the measurement of the key points of the moving flange by the instrument.
17
Nassar, Sayed A., and Ali A. Alkelani. "Clamp Load Loss due to Elastic Interaction and Gasket Creep Relaxation in Bolted Joints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, no. 3 (July 30, 2005): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2218343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experimental study is presented in order to determine the clamp load loss due to elastic interaction and gasket creep relaxation in bolted joints. Studied parameters include the gasket material and thickness, bolt spacing, tightening sequence, fastener grip length, and level of the fastener preload. The joint is composed of two steel flanges and a gasket made of styrene butadiene rubber or flexible graphite. The flanges are fastened together using M12x1.75 Class 10.9 fasteners. Force washers are used to monitor bolt tensions in real time. Four different gasket thicknesses of styrene butadiene rubber (1/16, 1/8, 3/16, and 1/4 in.) and two thicknesses of flexible graphite (1/16 and 1/8 in.) are considered. For the same bolt circle of the flange, the bolt spacing is varied by using a different number of bolts; spacing that corresponds to using three, five, or seven bolts is considered in this study. The effect of the tightening strategy is studied by using sequential, star, or simultaneous tightening patterns. Bolt tightening is accomplished by using either an electric digital torque wrench with various control options or by using a production-size multiple spindle fastening system that is capable of simultaneous tightening of all fasteners. Experimental data is presented and analyzed, in order to study the effect of the various parameters on the clamp load loss due to the combined effect of elastic interaction and gasket creep relaxation at room temperature.
18
Müller, Clemens, Tilman Bohn, Enrico Bruder, and Peter Groche. "UFG-Microstructures by Linear Flow Splitting." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.68.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Linear flow splitting is a new continuous cold forming process where the edge of a sheet metal is formed into two flanges by splitting and supporting rolls. Thus the production of bifurcated profiles from sheet metal without lamination of material becomes feasible. The production of such structures takes place incrementally in a modified roll forming machine. Experimental investigateons on a HSLA steel show, that even at a surface increase of the sheet edge of about 1800% no cracks were nucleated in the profiles. EBSD measurements in the splitting centre reveal that similar to other SPD processes UFG microstructures develop in the processing zone. Thus a steady state is reached in the processing zone where increasing strain has no more (or little) influence on the materials properties i.e. its deformability, as it is typical for SPD-processes. The formation of UFG microstructures is considered to be a mandatory condition for the linear flow splitting process, as it improves the formability of the material to the extremely high level required for this process. The mechanical properties of profiles produced by linear flow splitting are characterised by large gradients, depending on the local deformation and the resulting microstructure. Very high hardness is measured at the former processing zone, i.e. the splitting centre and the flange surface, where severe plastic deformation takes place and UFG microstructures are present. In direction to lower deformation i.e. with increasing distance to the splitting ground or flange surface the hardness decreases close to the level of the undeformed material. In the present paper the linear flow splitting process is introduced and the microstructural development in the process zone is discussed on the base of EBSD measurements on profiles of the steel ZStE 500. The repartition of mechanical properties in a bifurcated profile is demonstrated by detailed hardness measurements.
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Zheng, Xiao Tao, Yang Cheng, and Jiu Yang Yu. "The Analysis of Bolted Flange Joints under Internal Pressure at High Temperature." Applied Mechanics and Materials 853 (September 2016): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.853.335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Working temperature, internal pressure and the creep of bolted flange joints are the direct factors that influencing the gasket stress of bolted flange joints, the tightness of the whole system will be reduced because of these factors. thus the security level of bolted flange connection will be affected. In this paper, the deformation coordination equation of bolted flange connection system, the gasket compressive and resilient performance, as well as the gasket creep equation are combined to study the effect of internal pressure on bolted flange connections under a certain bolt preload and operating temperature, the equation about the relationship of the gasket force and internal pressure is simplified, and the main objective of the work is the calculation of the time-correlated gasket force, flange rotation and gasket unloading deformation under the different internal pressure. The results show that when the internal pressure is greater, the gasket force is smaller, on the contrary, the leakage rate are greater. Through the relevant conditions, in a period of the safe operation time, the maximum working internal pressure is got when reaching the condition of corresponding level of tightness.
20
Siekierski, Wojciech. "Analysis of rigid flange of bridge truss girder." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary bridge truss girders have usually “W” bracing and spacing of cross beams smaller than spacing of truss nodes. The flange at deck level is loaded at its nodes and between them. It acts as a truss member and as a beam simultaneously. An analysis of the rigid flange in two stages is presented. The first stage of the analysis is aimed at computation of axial forces. Equivalent loading applied at truss nodes and truss member hinged connections are assumed. Ritter’s method is used to compute axial forces in rigid flange members. The second stage of analysis is aimed at computation of bending moments. A model of the rigid flange as a continuous beam on elastic supports with imposed settlements is assumed. In this stage additional model of truss girder as simply supported beam of equivalent moment of inertia is considered as well. Working example of application of presented analysis is given. Two computational models of rigid flange are analysed: model of rigid flange as member of truss girder and model of isolated rigid flange as continuous beam. Data recorded during test loading of two truss bridge spans are used for verification. Modelling isolated rigid flange as continuous beam and classical modelling of truss girder as plane frame provide similar accuracy of assessment of internal forces and vertical displacements distribution in rigid flange.
21
Hassig, Clarence G. "Flange Level Aligns Bolt Holes to Ease Meter Installation." Opflow 16, no. 5 (May 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.1990.tb00213.x.
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Eugene Buth, C., Wanda L. Menges, and William F. Williams. "Test Level 4 Bridge Rails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design details and full-scale crash test results are presented for three bridge rails tested for compliance with NCHRP Report 350 Test Level 4 requirements. Designs of these rails are based on AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Each bridge rail consists of structural steel tubing rail elements mounted on wide-flange posts. The rails are generally stronger than many designs commonly used in the recent past. Full-scale crash test results demonstrated that all bridge rails meet NCHRP Report 350 safety performance requirements.
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Khoo, Hsen-Han, Chris Seal, Charles Clifton, John Butterworth, and Gregory A. MacRae. "Behaviour of the bottom and top flange plates in the Sliding Hinge Joint." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 46, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.46.1.1-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Sliding Hinge Joint is a low damage beam-column connection used in steel moment resisting frames. It dissipates energy through sliding in Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFCs) in the bottom web and bottom flange bolt groups. The AFC confines earthquake induced damage to bolts that can be retightened or replaced following a major earthquake. The other joint components sustain negligible damage and would be kept in service and may thus be subjected to further earthquake shaking during the lifetime of the building. The bottom and top flange plates are also subject to inelastic action about their minor axis under joint rotation. This study evaluates the behaviour of the bottom and top flange plates to determine the weld and plate susceptibility to low-cycle fatigue failure. The basic flange plate deformation was approximated by an arc, with the effects of shear slip considered to obtain estimates of likely strain demands. It was shown that even in the most critical case the fatigue life is more than six times the demand expected in a design level earthquake. As a result, it is concluded that properly designed, detailed and connected flange plates are not prone to low-cycle fatigue failure.
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Mikhailov, Evgeny, Stanislav Semenov, Sergii Kliuiev, Ján Dižo, Miroslav Blatnický, Juraj Gerlici, Jozef Harušinec, and Maxim Kovtanets. "Clarification of Features of the Wheel Movement with a Perspective Constructive Scheme on a Rail." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 6758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the continuation of studies of the features of the wheel movement the traditional and perspective constructive scheme on a rail. Unlike the traditional design, the perspective constructive scheme of the wheel allows independent relative rotation of the support surface wheel and of its guide surface (flange) relative to their common axis of rotation. Previous authors’ works did not take into account the influence of the level of slippage in the main contact of the wheel with the rail on the value of the slippage rate in its flange contact. This article further examines the influence of this factor for both wheel designs. The results of the presented studies confirm the possibility of reducing slippage in the flange contact with the rail for a wheel of a promising design scheme in comparison with a traditional wheel. Reducing the power of friction forces in the contact of the wheel flange of a promising design scheme will reduce the resistance to movement of such a wheel along the rail, especially in curved track sections.
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Liu, Xiao Zhou, Song Liang Lian, and Hong Liang Wei. "Analysis on Vibration Reduction Characteristics of Ladder Track Structure on Metro Viaduct under Measured Track Irregularities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
3D FEM models of ladder track and rail-bearing platform track on metro viaduct were established to analyze the vibration reduction characteristics of ladder track structure. Based on track irregularities measured by track inspection car, time-history vertical accelerations of rail, sleeper, flange and beam bottom were solved to contrast the dynamic characteristics of the two track structure. Results show that the vibration level of rail and sleeper are higher on ladder track than on rail-bearing platform track, and the vibration reducing effect of ladder track for flange and beam bottom mainly embodies in frequency range of 1~40Hz in which average vibration reduction values on flange and beam bottom are 28dB and 22dB, with maximum values 40dB and 33dB. The results can provide reference for design of ladder track as well as its application in metro line.
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Jaszak, Przemysław. "A new solution of the semi-metallic gasket increasing tightness level." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe paper presents new type of the semi-metallic gasket characterized with elastic core. Thanks to this solution more elastic recovery as well as more uniform contact stress distribution on the gasket’s surface were obtained which consequently caused that tightness level of the flange joint increased by 1000% in contrast to joint gasketed with traditional solution. The tightness characteristic of the traditional as well as new solution of the gaskets were determined experimentally and discussed.
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Lee, Jong-Kap, Seong Na, Hong-Tae Kim, and Kyoung-Mi Kim. "A Study on High-level FSA for Korean-flagged General Cargo Ships." Journal of Korean navigation and port research 34, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2010.34.3.213.
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Lee, Jong-Kap, Seong Na, Hong-Tae Kim, and Jae-Hong Park. "A Study on High-level FSA for Korean-flagged General Cargo Ships." Journal of Korean navigation and port research 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2011.35.1.23.
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Turabimana, Pacifique, and Celestin Nkundineza. "Development of an On-Board Measurement System for Railway Vehicle Wheel Flange Wear." Sensors 20, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The maintenance of railway systems is critical for their safe operation. However some landscape geographical features force the track line to have sharp curves with small radii. Sharp curves are known to be the main source of wheel flange wear. The reduction of wheel flange thickness to an extreme level increases the probability of train accidents. To avoid the unsafe operation of a rail vehicle, it is important to stay continuously up to date on the status of the wheel flange thickness dimensions by using precise and accurate measurement tools. The wheel wear measurement tools that are based on laser and vision technology are quite expensive to implement in railway lines of developing countries. Alternatively significant measurement errors can result from using imprecise measurement tools such as the hand tools, which are currently utilized by the railway companies such as Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Service (AALRTS). Thus, the objective of this research is to propose and test a new measurement tool that uses an inductive displacement sensor. The proposed system works in both static and dynamic state of the railway vehicle and it is able to save the historical records of the wheel flange thickness for further analysis. The measurement system is fixed on the bogie frame. The fixture was designed using dimensions of the bogie and wheelset structure of the trains currently used by AALRTS. Laboratory experiments and computer simulations for of the electronic system were carried out to assess the feasibility of the data acquisition and analysis method. The noises and unwanted signals due to the dynamics of the system are filtered out from the sensor readings. The results show that the implementation of the proposed measurement system can accurately measure the wheel flange wear. Also, the faulty track section can be identified using the system recorded data and the operational control center data.
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Villaverde, Roberto, Gerard C. Pardoen, and Sergio Carnalla. "Ground motion amplification at flange level of bushings mounted on electric substation transformers." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 30, no. 5 (2001): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.26.
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Orlov, M. R., and L. V. Morozova. "Study of the nature and causes of damage of 40KhN2MA steel propshafts." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 6 (August 1, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-6-44-50.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The nature and character of the destruction of the high-loaded airscrew shaft of the gas turbine engine made of steel 40KhN2MA are studied using the methods of scanning electron and optical microscopy and X-ray spectral microanalysis. We determined the chemical composition, microstructure and character of destruction of the flange part of the shaft. It is shown that chemical composition of the shaft material meets the requirements of the regulatory documents and defects of metallurgical origin are absent both in the metal of the shaft and in the fatigue fractures. All the identified cracks have been formed during operation, and developed according to the fatigue mechanism. Zones of fretting-wear and fretting-corrosion damage to the surface in the stud holes are the foci of the fatigue crack birth in the airscrew shaft. The cause of formation and development of the fatigue cracks in the shaft flange is a high level of contact stresses in the flange body, attribute to a poor quality of the interface of the splined joint due to significant fretting corrosion damage to the splines and vibration damages. A set of recommendations and measures aimed at elimination of the adverse factors is elaborated. To exclude the formation and development of fatigue cracks in the splined flange upon operation, we recommend to: optimize the tightening torque of the splined joint; introduce quality control of the interface between contact surfaces of the splined joint when replacing the airscrews; address the issue of dynamic balancing of the airscrews upon their production and repair.
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Sui, Wei Ning, Qing Ze Shi, Zhan Fei Wang, and Xue Bai. "Finite Element Analysis of Steel Frame Beam-Column Irregular Joints with a Strengthened External Diaphragm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Finite element analysis methods were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of panel zone at the connection of square steel column and two H-shaped beams with different heigth level by using ABAQUS. Compared with the previous test ,which verifies the correctness of finite element model. The paper sets up a total of 11 finite element analysis models, The changes of the web thickness, thickness of beam flange, diameter-thickness ratio in the finite element analysis models are studied, Which affect the beam end joint load - displacement curves and stress distribution.Studies have showed that: the beam flange thickness ratio and the beam offset ratio has insignificant influence on the load-displacement curves. The diameter to thickness ratio have sharp influence on the load-displacement curves.
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Yamabe, Masayuki, Riichi Morimoto, and Akira Muramatsu. "Efforts to improve of Flange Tightening Skill of Site Workers with Different Experience Level." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2017 (2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2017.501.
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Erofeev, V. I., and I. A. Samokhvalov. "EVALUATION OF THE VITALITY OF A FLANGED CONNECTION WITH A STEEL TOWER STRUCTURE WITH ACCOUNT OF EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS." Problems of strenght and plasticity 82, no. 2 (2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2020-82-2-215-224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A numerical study of the survivability of the flange assembly is carried out upon reaching a critical load and in the presence of a defect in one of the design areas, taking into account the calculated values of the aerodynamic coefficients. An experiment is being carried out to determine the values of the wind load acting on the supporting legs of a metal tower. The calculation of the stressstrain state is performed using software system as SCAD Office and IDEA StatiCa 10.0. After calculating the forces in the core model of the structure, a threedimensional plate model of the assembly is formed and prepared for calculation. According to the results of the experiment, a graph was compiled with the values of aerodynamic coefficients, which were used in calculating the stressstrain state of the node. The analysis of the calculation results revealed that in the design (defectfree) state of the structure, the safety factor of the bearing units and elements is 35-40% (equivalent stresses were 165 MPa). If there is a defect in the metal structures of the belt in the region of the flange, the equivalent stresses increase to 247.6 MPa in the region of the cleavage (defective hole), thus, the margin in bearing capacity drops to 0.4%. As a result of the assessment of the survivability of the flange connection, it was revealed that the connection has a high potential survivability, in turn, the flange itself is able to work in the presence of some defects without reducing its bearing capacity to a critical level. The aerodynamic coefficients obtained in this work will determine the wind load on this type of profile and can be used in design calculations of tower structures for wind loads.
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Komkov, M. A., and Y. V. Badanina. "Design and Technology of Winding Curvilinear Pipelines from Sintered Polyimide-Fluoroplastic Film." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (715) (October 2019): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-10-86-92.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the issues related to designing and manufacturing light and reliable pipelines made of composite materials for missile technology, aircraft and land vehicles running on cryogenic fuel. Multi-layer straight and curvilinear pipelines made by winding polyimide films can significantly reduce the weight and level of bending loads. The article presents the geometry of a typical element of a curvilinear pipeline and the design of the flange of a cryogenic pipeline. A method for connecting the flange shank to the film shell is proposed and the results of testing pipelines made of polyimide-fluoroplastic films are presented. Cryogenic pipelines made of polyimide film PMF-352 have a smaller mass in comparison with metal analogues made of alloy AMg-6 and can be recommended as their replacement in pneumatic hydraulic systems of products operating on cryogenic fuels.
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Braithwaite and Mehmanparast. "Analysis of Tightening Sequence Effects on Preload Behaviour of Offshore Wind Turbine M72 Bolted Connections." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Offshore wind turbines in shallow waters are predominantly installed using a monopile foundation, onto which a transition piece and wind turbine are attached. Previously, the monopile to transition piece (MP-TP) connection was made using a grouted connection, however, cases of grout failure causing turbine slippage, among other issues, were reported. One solution is to use bolted ring flange connections, which involve using a large number of M72 bolts to provide a firm fixing between the MP-TP. It is in the interest of offshore wind operators to reduce the number of maintenance visits to these wind turbines by maintaining a preload (Fp) level above the minimum requirement for bolted MP-TP connections. The present study focuses on the effect of the tightening sequence on the Fp behaviour of M72 bolted connections. A detailed finite element (FE) model of a seven-bolt, representative segment of a monopile flange was developed with material properties obtained from the available literature. Three analyses were made to examine the effect on Fp after tightening, including the initial Fp level applied to the bolts, the tightening sequence and the effect of an additional tightening pass.
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Wang, Kai, Zixu Zhang, Chen Xia, and Zhongchun Liu. "Experimental Investigation of Pressure Fluctuation, Vibration, and Noise in a Multistage Pump." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2784079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to measure the pressure pulsation, vibration, and noise characteristics of multistage centrifugal pump in different flow rates, a five-stage centrifugal pump was chosen as research object. The results show that the main frequency of pressure pulsation was BPF1, 9APF, BPF2, BPF2, and 9APF. According to the order of monitoring points, the intensity of the pressure fluctuation increased and then decreased, with the strongest fluctuation at monitoring point P2. The peak value of pressure fluctuation in monitoring point P2 was obviously higher than the other monitoring points. The main characteristic frequency of vibration is 4APF, BPF2, 9APF, 2BPF2, 3BPF1, 4BPF1, and 4BPF2. The number of characteristic frequencies at the outlet flange was significantly more than the number of characteristic frequencies at the inlet flange. As the flow rate increased, the vibration of motor gradually increased and the vibration of pump increased at first and then decreased. It reached the minimum vibration level in the design flow rate. Motor contributed the largest amount of noise caused by the pump unit. The noise level of measure point which is close to motor is higher than that of other measure points. As the flow rate increased, the noise incrementally increased, and the difference in noise level between measure points decreased gradationally. When the flow rate was 120 m3/h, the maximum difference value of different noise monitoring points was only 1.7 dB.
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Lorenz, Witold, and Marcin Janczak. "Analysis of the reasons of double suction centrifugal pump’s failure." Mechanik 90, no. 11 (November 13, 2017): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.11.187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of a pump operation beyond its recommended range and required flow conditions to the suction flange and consequently failure of double suction axially split centrifugal pump was explained. The increased vibration level, improper configuration of the suction pipeline and used hydraulics were presented. It was also illustrated how to diagnose and solve a problem which after implementation at the target workplace has confirmed the correctness of implemented design solutions.
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CAMPODONICO, JUAN F., and ANDRÉS FIERRO. "Pseudoamycle polylepisae gen. et sp. nov., a fulgorid from the highlands of Northern Chile (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)." Zootaxa 4544, no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pseudoamycle polylepisae gen. et sp. nov. is described from northernmost Chile (Arica and Parinacota Region). It is characterized by the small and brown body, head with no preocular flange, cephalic process porrect and dorsoventrally compressed, dorsal surface from lateral view not angulate at level of eyes, eyes round, tegmina concolorous and vein MP of tegmen pectinate. The new taxon was found to be associated with Polyepis rugulosa Bitter (Rosaceae).
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Meng, Xian Zhi. "Laboratory Studies of the Mechanical Properties of Bolt Thread Connection." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1740.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Threaded connection is the weak link in the system of bolting, but it has significant impact on bolting effect. By the method of laboratory tests study the Threaded connection force and deformation characteristics, including different threaded teeth, different nut thickness and shape, different nut intensity level that impact on the threaded connection, drawn thread teeth high should not be less than 0.7H ; nut thickness is 20mm, with or without flange threaded coupling strength has little effect; the nut strength should be higher than the anchor strength a level.
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Jaszak, Przemysław. "Optimized design of a semimetal gasket operating in flange-bolted joints." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe paper presents a new design of semimetal gasket, which has been subjected to the optimization process. The main objective function was to achieve the maximum elastic recovery of the gasket at imposed functional and strength limitations. The objective function was described indirectly in the form of the required minimum angle of the gasket’s unload curve inclination, which was a measure of the average value of the elastic modulus at unloading. Strength limitations resulted from not exceeding the ultimate stress of the materials, while functional limitations imposed the achievement of proper contact pressure that ensures a given level of tightness class. The characteristic dimensions describing the cross-section of the gasket’s core were described by five descriptive parameters. As a result of the interrelationship of these parameters, 210 construction models were created that were subjected to compression simulations. This problem was solved using the Finite Element Method. The variant of the gasket fulfilling the imposed limitations and the required minimum objective function was tested experimentally.
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Akbar, Rajawali M., and Bambang Suryoatmono. "Numerical study of inelastic buckling behavior of rectangular steel plates with circular openings under shear forces." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925805026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cellular steel beam is flanged steel beam with circular openings of uniform diameter and distance between each opening. The main benefit of such beam is to reduce the structural weight without reducing the strength significantly. A rectangular steel plate with circular opening is frequently used as a model of a web panel of such beam with vertical web stiffeners. The dimension of the plate is the dimension of the web bounded by top and bottom flanges and two adjacent vertical stiffeners. In this research, finite element method is utilized to perform inelastic buckling analyses of rectangular steel plates with circular openings under shear forces along all four edges assuming steel as elastic-perfectly-plastic material with yield stress of 250 MPa. Both nonlinear geometry and nonlinear material are considered in the analyses. The objective of this research is to study buckling behavior of the plate in terms of buckling mode, critical load, and Von Mises (effective) stress distribution. The buckling shear loads of the plates of various length-to-width ratios of the plate (1.0, 1.25, and 1.50) and various opening-diameter-to-plate-width ratios (0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50) have been obtained from the analyses. The deformation and Von Mises stress distribution at every load level have been obtained as well from the finite element analyses. Equation to predict inelastic buckling shear force of a rectangular steel plates with circular opening under shear forces is proposed in this study. Verification of the method has been performed by comparing shear buckling loads resulted from finite element analyses with the analytical results in the elastic range.
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Liu, Houlin, Qijiang Ma, Yu Li, and Kai Wang. "Vibration control of a marine centrifugal pump using floating raft isolation system." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 39, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348419843024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to study the influence of floating raft isolation system (FRIS) on the vibration characteristics of marine pump, a marine centrifugal pump with/without FRIS under the same operation condition, which specific speed is 66.7, was experimentally measured. The maximum efficiency of the pump is 75.8%, which is under 1.2 Qd. Results show that the characteristic frequencies in the vibration spectrums of the pump with/without FRIS are APF (axial passing frequency), the BPF (blade passing frequency) and its high-order harmonic frequency. After installing FRIS, under 0.8 Qd, 1.0 Qd and 1.2 Qd, the vibration intensity of the pump at inlet flange is slighter than that at pump base and larger than that at pump bracket. The vibration intensity at outlet flange is slighter than that at the pump bracket and larger than that at pump body, and the vibration intensity at connecting plate is the lowest. The vibration velocity level of pump base decreases with the increase of flow rate, the maximum vibration intensity at M1–M4 is reduced by 88% than that without FRIS, and the maximum vibration velocity of the APF at M1–M4 is reduced by 83.3% than that without FRIS.
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Wang, Qun, Mingmin Wang, Jian Chen, Weiwei Qi, Jinsheng Lai, Zeyang Ma, and Rentao Song. "ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that directs synthesis of cell wall ingrowths in maize basal endosperm transfer cells." Plant Cell 34, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 1054–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koab312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Development of the endosperm is strikingly different in monocots and dicots: it often manifests as a persistent tissue in the former and transient tissue in the latter. Little is known about the controlling mechanisms responsible for these different outcomes. Here we characterized a maize (Zea mays) mutant, endosperm breakdown1 (enb1), in which the typically persistent endosperm (PE) was drastically degraded during kernel development. ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that is predominantly expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) of endosperm cells. Loss of ENB1 function caused a drastic reduction in formation of flange cell wall ingrowths (ingrowths) in BETL cells. Defective ingrowths impair nutrient uptake, leading to premature utilization of endosperm starch to nourish the embryo. Similarly, developing wild-type kernels cultured in vitro with a low level of sucrose manifested early endosperm breakdown. ENB1 expression is induced by sucrose via the BETL-specific Myb-Related Protein1 transcription factor. Overexpression of ENB1 enhanced development of flange ingrowths, facilitating sucrose transport into BETL cells and increasing kernel weight. The results demonstrated that ENB1 enhances sucrose supply to the endosperm and contributes to a PE in the kernel.
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TATEYAMA, Eiji, Kazuo INOUE, and Hiromichi MATSUMUKA. "STIFFNES AND MOMENT CAPACITY OF H-SHAPED BEAM CONNECTEDTO RHS-COLUMN WITHOUT DIAPHRAGM AT ITS LOWER FLANGE LEVEL." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 416 (1990): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijsx.416.0_113.
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Montuori, Rosario, Elide Nastri, Vincenzo Piluso, and Simona Streppone. "The Use of TPMC for Designing MRFs Equipped with FREEDAM Connections: A Case Study." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.1041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within European Research Project “FREEDAM” supported by RFCS a design procedure for MRFs equipped with friction dampers has been developed. In particular, beam-to-column joints are equipped with friction dampers located at the bottom flange level namely “FREEDAM” dampers. Therefore, all the connections are conceived in order to prevent structural damage. A prototype structure has been designed according to a design procedure assuring a collapse mechanism of global type whose name is Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control, and its seismic performances have been investigated by means of IDA analyses in a companion paper.
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Lim, Joong Yeon, Jung Min Seo, and Beong Bok Hwang. "A Numerical Analysis of Powdered Metal Compaction Processes for Two-Level Flanged Solid Cylindrical Components." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A finite element method for the compaction process of metallic powder is introduced in the present work. Basic equations for the finite element formulation are summarized. A yield criterion, which is modified by describing asymmetric behavior of powder metal compacts, is introduced and applied to a certain class of powdered metal compaction processes. Two-level flanged solid cylindrical components are analyzed in three different compacting methods with three different compact geometries. The simulation results are summarized in terms of relative density distribution within compacts, pressure distributions along the die-wall interfaces, load-stroke relationships of each punch, average densities as functions of height and radius of the compact, respectively, and average densities of pin and head. For each compact from different compacting method, the best pressing method is chosen for uniform density distributions within the compact.
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Ciubotariu, Vlad Andrei. "Analysis of the Collapse Behaviour Regarding TWB Crash-Boxes in Conjunction with the Construction Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The crash-boxes are thin-walled structural components with rectangular cross-section which are utilized in the construction of the resistance body structures in the auto industry. This components can be manufactured from various materials including homogenous steel sheet metals, tailor welded blanks (TWB) or even composite materials. The benefits of using TWB were shown in numerous studies before and they are not the main purpose here.This research focuses on the collapse behaviour of TWB thin-walled structures with rectangular cross-section subject of impact loadings. The main objective is to design a crash-box which allows the absorption and dissipation of great kinetic energy constituting better resistance structures for car bodies.After analysing the resulted data, a few aspects regarding the TWB crash-boxes were revealed and some conclusions could be suggested: the weld line generates a barrier like zone which delays in some manner the propagation of the progressive buckling levelling the mean crash load; no flange crash-boxes presented best results regarding the mean crash load even if the data were very close to the other crash-box types. Furthermore, the peak crash load was at maximum level comparing with the other crash-box types. This collapsing behaviour of the no flange crash-boxes could be assigned to the fact that the bonded sides of the structure work like double walls into the same cress-section and is not really affecting the asymmetric crash mode of the structure.
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Kumar, R. "Fatigue Life Estimation for Internal Threads in Class 1 Components." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841890.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heat exchangers, steam generators, and other pressure vessels in nuclear power plants are equipped with bolted closures for the purpose of in-service inspection and maintenance. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code specifies that all Class 1 components meet the fatigue life requirements for level A and B service conditions. In the case of bolted closures, it is often found that the bolt/stud is the most critical part. In many situations, the bolts fail to meet the fatigue requirements for the design life of the equipment. In such cases, the bolts can be replaced after certain duration based upon their fatigue life. However, the mating threads in the flange (which is an integral part of the vessel) are still a concern. While the replacement of the bolts is relatively easy and inexpensive, the corrective action (e.g., replacement or repair) for the flange is usually difficult and expensive, or impossible. Hence, it is important to have a reasonable estimate of the fatigue life of internal threads to alleviate or minimize the concern. In this paper, a simplified approach is presented for this purpose. Considering various bolt sizes, commonly used thread series, and typical Class 1 component materials, it is shown that the fatigue life of the internal threads is about three times the fatigue life of the bolt threads. This conclusion greatly reduces or eliminates the concern for in-service replacement or repair of the components with internal threads.
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Denton, Justin R., Lorrie Berwick, and Thomas P. Loughlin. "Development of a low level detection method for 2-chloromalonaldehyde in active pharmaceutical ingredients by HILIC separation." Analytical Methods 8, no. 23 (2016): 4659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01257d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
2-Chloromalonaldehyde (2-ClMA) is utilized in the pharmaceutical sector as a reagent to form thiazole heterocycles which can be further functionalized. In silico assessment has flagged 2-ClMA as a potential mutagenic impurity.