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Статті в журналах з теми "Lever flange"
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Velten, A. M., and R. L. U. de F. Pinto. "Flanged Connections of Steel Tubular Sections under High Bending Stresses: A Comparison between Two Thickness Design Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents a comparison of different possibilities of flange design of an aeolian tower structure, focusing the thickness determination, the critical connection parameter. The dimensioned structure is a fifteen-meter length tubular arm under bend stresses caused by wind loads and by gravitational loads, since the tubular arm might be horizontal or vertically positioned. The tubular sections connected by the flanges are all circular with external diameter varying from 270 to 360 mm and the flange modules are also circular shaped. Since the tubular diameters are relatively large, the lever effect plays a definitive role in the design. Most of the fluid conduits flange design criteria are not applicable for such diameters sizes and have a load case different from those of an aeolian tower. Two different approaches are presented and their flange thickness results compared.
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Horie, N., S. Hino, S. Fukai, T. Kaneko, and T. Shimoyama. "Molar Luxations Caused by Holding Water Taps. Report of Five Cases." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 38, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.1.042273u60276m526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Luxation of a primary molar occurs rarely. Here, we describe five cases of primary molar luxation caused by holding a water tap pipe in the mouth during bathing. The patients were aged 16 to 19 months and the mandibular first primary molar was affected in all five cases. The second primary molar had not erupted. It is assumed that the flange of the pipe got stuck in the interdental space between the mandibular primary canine and first primary molar and the affected first molar was pushed out by force with the flange acting as a lever.
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Cabaleiro, Manuel, Rafael Comesaña, Cristina González-Gaya, and Carlos Caamaño. "Analytical Model for the Fatigue Analysis of Steel Joints by Clamps According to the Lever Length." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among the most commonly used materials in the construction of structures in the last two centuries are iron and steel. Clamp joints are a suitable type of joint when it is necessary to rehabilitate or modify a historical steel structure for new uses, reinforcing or modifying it with new beams, without the need to drill or weld on the original structure. The clamps allow beams to be joined with a flange (such as I-beams) without the need for any prior operation on the beams and allow the manufacture of completely removable and reconfigurable structures. Developing and analysing this type of fully removable and reconfigurable structure is necessary. To date, no studies have been carried out on the fatigue behaviour of steel joints by clamps, especially taking into account their main geometric characteristics, such as the size of the clamp levers. In this work, an analytical model is proposed that allows for the analysis of the number of cycles and the fatigue limit of clamp joints as a function of the size of the clamp levers. In addition, various fatigue tests are performed with different clamp sizes. The experimental results are compared with those obtained with the proposed methodology. Finally, the relationships between the lever length and the fatigue behaviour of the clamp joints have been determined. It is concluded that an increase in the size of the front lever is associated to a decrease in the fatigue limit. On the contrary, if the size of the rear lever is increased, the fatigue limit of the joint increases. In general, according to the obtained results, the resistance of the joint can be reduced to approximately one third when it is subjected to fatigue loads.
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Zhang, Rong. "Finite Element Analysis of Top Flanged Joint System of High Power Level Wind Turbine." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper uses non-linear finite element method to structurally analyze top flanged joint system of a MW wind turbine, sets up a finite element model of top flanged joint system by applying finite element analysis software MSC.Marc/Mentat, makes an analysis on the stress distribution of key components of top flanged joint system under ultimate operating mode based on applying appropriate boundary condition and loads, and carries out security examination on top flange and joint bolt. Result shows that key components of the top flanged joint system can satisfy design requirements, and it has a guiding role for rational design and performance improvement of large scale wind turbine flange, which can be used in structural analysis of other flanged joint systems, and has certain practical value in the aspect of engineering.
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Sunley, Sergio, Koichi Kusunoki, Taiki Saito, and Carlos Zavala. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design codes prescribe equations for the ultimate state design of RC walls with flange walls as boundary elements. These codes consider part of the length of the flange wall as a width that will effectively resist lateral loads. However, wall damage and the accuracy of the effective width used in the calculations have not been sufficiently discussed. Therefore, a loading test is carried out at Yokohama National University on two 1/3 scale specimens in order to evaluate the strength, damage, energy dissipation, and behavior of RC structural walls in flexure. One specimen without flange walls and one with flange walls are tested. The strength and response of each specimen are described, and the prediction accuracy of the design flexural strengths given by design codes ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ are examined. Experimental strain data are used to describe the behavior of the flange wall in order to understand the mechanism and to confirm the accuracy of the effective width prescribed by the design codes in terms of tension and compression. The result of the experimental study reveals that design prescriptions given by ACI, Eurocode, and AIJ guidelines can conservatively estimate the flexural strength for RC walls without flanges, but they underestimate the flexural strength for flanged walls. This underestimation is due to a lack of knowledge of the mechanism that develops at the flange. It is not possible to determine a specific value for flexural effective width. However, according to the results of calculations, a portion larger than the width proposed by the aforementioned design codes serves to resist the stresses imposed by lateral loads. Therefore, it is confirmed that the flange width is underestimated by the design codes, and it increases with the imposed drift level. The stress distribution at the flange in the out-of-plane direction is found not to be uniform, a fact that is at odds with design assumptions.
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Saptono, Hery, Gatot Eka Pramono, and Hablinur Al Khindi. "ANALISA DAYA DAN KONTROL KECEPATAN MOTOR PADA ALAT BANTU LAS ROTARY POSITIONER TABLE." AME (Aplikasi Mekanika dan Energi): Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/ame.v4i1.988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rotary Positioner Table is one of the welding aids that are widely used industrial world especially welding with the intention of facilitating welder to work on certain products. As the name implies Positioner which means positioning where the tool in this design can position the welding object freely according to the correct position and comfortable for people who are doing welding. This tool can be applied to drill the hole circle the same distance on the flange, to cut the round pieces , for welding pipes, welding shafts, discs, truck rims, etc.The selection of motor types and speed control becomes very important to support the performance of this tool which is expected to be used for welding with a maximum work load of 100 kg with vertical welding position. For that matter proper analysis is needed to determine the motor power and rotation speed of the turntable in order to get the best welding results. The way this Positioner tool works mechanically by rotating the rotary axis (lever) that has been made, to adjust the angle manually. This positioner can move on the X, Y, and Z axes.
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Sutherland, Peter F., Alex M. Galloway, and Gary Longhurst. "Analysis of the integrity of a single stud assembly with externally corroded nuts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 3 (April 30, 2012): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420712446278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to determine whether a single 7/8′′ nominal diameter stud bolt and nuts assembly would fail to perform its required function in a flange assembly when the nut was corroded. This work was undertaken to form a basis for further work in development of a fitness-for-service assessment for corroded nuts. No current quantitative assessments exist for this area. A failure criterion was defined as a minimum 206.8 MPa stress in the stud, based on the bolting requirements stated in ASME B16.5-2003 pipe flanges and flanges fittings. A simple test rig was manufactured for testing the compliance of the corroded nuts subjected to the 206.8 MPa stress level and the corrosion was simulated by removing uniform layers of material from the surface of the nut. Finite element analysis (ANSYS 12.0) was also performed to evaluate the test rig and to consider the interaction between the nut and stud at the thread roots. It was found that no failure occurred in the threading and that failure of the assembly only occurred when there was a >60% material loss from the nut. The failure mode experienced was deformation of the flange plate. This analysis proved that a nut can experience significant effective material loss without damaging the flange integrity.
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Horvath, Sabine, and Hans Neuner. "System identification of a robot arm with extended Kalman filter and artificial neural networks." Journal of Applied Geodesy 13, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The development of an algorithm to describe a dynamic system and to predict its future behaviour in further consequence is the aim of the present study. Non parametric models provide a general description of object dynamics and artificial neural networks (ANN), which are a very flexible and universal learning method, belong to it. However, the standard estimation procedures for ANN like Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) do not consider that data is observed and consequently is uncertain. The combination with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) enables the consideration of the uncertainty in the estimation process. The analogies between EKF and LM are discussed and thereon the advantages of the EKF are outlined. The integration of ANN into EKF will be evaluated on an industrial robot arm. At first, a simplified model is determined; the ANN describes the robot position deviations as a function of the joint encoder values. The robot reference positions are measured by a laser tracker. In order to compare it with the robot outputs, the observations need to be transformed to the robot frame and the offset between the end-effector and the robot flange has to be determined. A method to estimate both parameters simultaneously is developed and the results are verified on basis of simulated data. This paper comprises two novel approaches. First, uncertainty is considered in the ANN estimation on basis of the combination with the EKF. Considering the full covariance matrix of the robot deviations leads to a better prediction of the robot’s behaviour. Second, an integrated transformation and lever arm determination is introduced and the robot’s repeatability presents the limiting factor of the achievable parameter uncertainty.
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Evdokimov, A. "LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF THE FLANGE CONNECTION OF BEAMS, COVERING OF A SINGLE-STOREY INDUSTRIAL BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ITS MUSHROOM SHAPE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-6-19-26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with issues related to the analysis of steel frame structures. The subject of the study is the construction sector. The object of research is flanged joints of beams of coverings of one-storey industrial buildings. In order to achieve these goals, the following methods are used: analysis, synthesis, description, generalization and comparison. According to the results of the work, the features of forming the quality of interaction between flanged joints and high-strength bolts in the form of a nodal connection of coating beams are determined. Additionally, the analysis of features during the design work and production of flanged connections used for the implementation of popular design solutions for steel cross frames of single-storey buildings is carried out. The main directions of analysis of the state of steel structures in the presence of signs of deformation (mushroom shape) of the flange connection are disclosed. The obtained data helps to optimize the composition of structural reinforcement elements, as well as reduce the level of labor intensity in the production and installation of flange joints of single-storey buildings’ coating beams. In the course of the study, an experiment is conducted in which the principle of symmetry is used. The unidirectional connection in and between nodes is modeled using the elements considered. In this case, it is necessary to mention the phenomenon of the adhesive effect of the nodes during compression and the lack of adhesion during tension. The model takes into account the physical nonlinearity of the material properties, the behavior of which is set by bilinear dependencies under load
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Kanayev, A. T., A. V. Bogomolov, and A. A. Kanayev. "Increase of Wear Resistance and Contact-Fatigue Strength of Wheel Steel by Plasma Hardening." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metallographic studies of structural-phase states formed in the section of the flange of the wheel band during surface plasma hardening were conducted. It is shown that the formation of several structural zones of different micro hardness is distinctly observed in the depth of hardening, which indicates the formation of a graded-layered structure. It has been confirmed that at superfast heating rates that occur during surface plasma quenching, phase and structural transformations are shifted to high temperatures, greatly changing the kinetics of nucleation and growth of the new phase (austenite). This forms a fine-grained austenite, which turns into a highly disperse martensitic structure, unattainable by traditional methods of heat treatment. It is shown that the main factor leading to strong hardening of the surface layer during plasma treatment is the formation in the near-surface zone of a nonequilibrium metastable structure, which goes over to a narrow zone of complete and incomplete quenching with an inhomogeneous and distorted structure of highly disperse martensite with a high level of internal stresses. The complete wear of the unstressed flange of the tire wheel band is 1.9 mm in 1.1 years, and for hardened flanges, wear is 0.7 mm for 2.6 years.
Дисертації з теми "Lever flange"
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Шевчун, Дмитро Юрійович. "Ливарний комплекс машинобудівного заводу з розробленням технологій виготовлення виливків різними способами лиття". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42993.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація складається з: 115 стор.;11 рис.; 21 табл.; 25 посилань.
У проекті проектується ливарний цех потужністю 1000 тонн придатних виливків на рік із такого металу як сплави марок 20Л 25Л 35Л та 40ХЛ. Розробляється технологічний процес виготовлення виливка «Колесо» масою 410 кг з металу марки 35Л та другого виливка «Кришка» масою 0,9 кг з металу марки 25Л.
Результати проектування – розроблена технологія виливку «Колесо» литтям у разові піщано-глинясті форми та технологія виливку «Кришка» литтям за моделями, що витоплюються. Виконано технічне планування відділення ливарного цеху та ливарного устаткування. При проектуванні відділеннь проведено аналіз необхідності устаткування, виконано розрахунок організаційних та економічних чинників, результатом яких є обчислення заробітної плати робітників(основних та допоміжних), витрати на амортизацію устаткування та енергетичні ресурси, що застосовуються для прискорення виробничого процесу. Згідно нормативних документів враховано всі заходи щодо безпеки життєдіяльності працівників та приділено увагу до збереження екологічності навколишнього середовища, за допомогою встановлення запобігаючих засобів біля устаткування та встановлення притяжних витяжок в конструкції будівлі та безпосередньо у відділенні фінішних операцій.The dissertation consists of: 115 pages; 11 figs .; 21 tables; 25 links. The project envisages a foundry with a capacity of 1000 tons of suitable castings per year from such metal as alloys of grades 20L 25L 35L and 40HL. The technological process of making the casting "Wheel" weighing 410 kg from 35L metal and the second casting "Cover" weighing 0.9 kg from 25L metal is being developed. The results of the design – the technology of casting "Wheel" by casting in disposable sand-clay molds and the technology of casting "Cover" by casting on melted models. The technical planning of the foundry department and foundry equipment was performed. When designing the departments, an analysis of the need for equipment, the calculation of organizational and economic factors, the result of which is the calculation of wages (basic and auxiliary), depreciation costs of equipment and energy resources used to accelerate the production process. According to the regulations, all measures for the safety of life of employees are taken into account and attention is paid to preserving the environmental friendliness of the environment by installing precautions near the equipment and installing hoods in the building structure and directly in the finishing department.
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KLENCOVLJEVIC, Goran, and Khan MD Shuvo. "Permanenta klätterväxlar – en undersökning : Denna rapport innehåller intervjuer, litteraturstudie samt en fältundersökning med ljudnivåmätning." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Swedish railway network is old, it is in need for maintenance and there is an ever-increasing volume oftraffic on todays railroads. Special trackwork component has taken increased abuse, leading to a stop intrain traffic and many delays occur, especially during the winter season. The most sensitive parts of therailway network are turnout frogs and they require the most maintenance and cause delays. Therefore, TheSwedish Transport Administration is planning to investigate and introduce a new type av railwayswitches, called flange bearing technology. Flange bearing frogs and diamonds are already in use in USand there are already benefits in both reduced maintenance and increased life expectancy and possiblyreduced noise level.Therefore, this bachelor thesis is investigating flange bearing technology with an accent on sound levelmeasurement. It is studied how flange bearing frogs works and how they differ from conventional treadbearing frogs. In addition, there is a field study with sound level measurement and interviews withemployees at The Swedish Transport Administration. Furthermore, it is investigated how flange bearingtechnology is used in US. This bachelor thesis is limited to a field research with sound level measurement,interviews, and a theoretical description of railway switches. Field study is located at a flange bearingfrog, station Globen-Gullmarsplan in Stockholm. This flange bearing frog is used as a connection betweenthe tram railway and the metro railway.Flange bearing technology has a simpler design compared to conventional tread bearing frogs. This simpledesign can provide benefits by reducing vertical dynamic loads. Flange bearing means that unsupportedflangeway gap is eliminated from the running surface of the frog. For that reason, there is no speedreduction on the main track. Conventional tread bearing frogs have unsupported flangeway gap thatwheels must cross.Field study at Globen-Gullmarsplan was carried out with the help of a sound level meter and it wasperformed eight measurements at both flange bearing frog and conventional tread bearing frog. This studyshows that flange bearing frogs causes less noise than conventional tread bearing frog. Interviews showsthat The Swedish transport Administration is working to reduce noise interference from rail traffic andthat flange bearing technology can be a good solution for achieving lower noise level. However, moreresearch is required about maintenance, comfort, cost, and life expectancy of flange bearing technology.
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Pfaffinger, Birgit [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinze. "The introduction of horses into new social groups with special regard to their stress level / Birgit Flauger. Betreuer: Jürgen Heinze." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1022872249/34.
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Bierbaumer-Polly, Jürgen [Verfasser], and Gebhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Flaig. "Business Cycle Dynamics: An empirical analysis of macro, firm-level and regional data / Jürgen Bierbaumer-Polly. Betreuer: Gebhard Flaig." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102897086/34.
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Degeneve, Arthur. "Stabilization, structure and thermal behavior of oxy-flames with a variable swirl level." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail porte sur la stabilisation, la structure et le comportement thermique d’oxy-flammes turbulentes opérées avec du méthane comme combustible. L’étude recouvre des flammes fonctionnant dans des conditions prémélangées et non prémélangées, avec et sans swirl, et avec un oxydant dont la concentration d'oxygène est variable. Plus de 3000 flammes sont étudiées sous une large gamme de conditions de fonctionnement grâce à une chambre de combustion polyvalente, et à des diagnostics laser et des outils de calcul haute-fidélité. L'objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à la question suivante. Si un changement de composition du combustible ou de l'oxydant, de la puissance thermique ou une légère modification de l'injecteur est effectué, est-il possible d’ajuster le swirl conféré aux réactifs afin de retrouver la même structure de flamme et le même régime de stabilisation ? L'impact de l’angle d’ouverture d’un divergent placé en sortie d’injecteur sur l’écoulement est étudié sous un angle à la fois théorique et expérimental au moyen de diagnostics optiques. Un modèle est développé pour prédire la position de la zone de recirculation centrale lorsque cet angle varie. Les effets d'une modification de la composition de l'oxydant sur la structure de flamme sont ensuite étudiés lorsque la flamme passe d'une dilution en N2 à une dilution en CO2. Il est démontré que le swirl a un impact considérable sur la structure de la flamme. La température et la distribution du transfert thermique sont ensuite caractérisées expérimentalement le long des parois latérales de la chambre de combustion. Un modèle de premier ordre est développé pour expliquer les changements de transferts thermiques observés entre les flammes diluées en N2 et en CO2. Le comportement thermique de la chambre de combustion Oxytec est ensuite étudié à l’aide de la simulation numérique aux grandes échelles couplée à un solveur de rayonnement Monte Carlo. La prise en compte détaillée du rayonnement thermique modifie faiblement la position de la flamme et la structure de l’écoulement, mais a un impact considérable sur la température des gaz brûlés et sur la distribution du flux thermique à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion. Un modèle permettant de prédire la température moyenne du gaz et la distribution du transfert thermique des parois lors du passage d'une simulation non couplée à une simulation couplée est finalement proposé.La suite de l’étude est consacrée à la caractérisation expérimentale des effets du swirl sur la structure et les modes de stabilisation des oxy-flammes en condition non prémélangées et opérées avec un injecteur coaxial dans lequel les deux jets peuvent être swirlés. Une analyse paramétrique est menée en couvrant une large gamme de rapports de flux de moments axiaux et de fractions massiques d'O2, et aboutit sur un modèle qui prédit la longueur d’oxy-flammes coaxiales avec et sans swirl. Il est ensuite montré qu’une augmentation du swirl interne peut détacher la flamme des lèvres de l’injecteur. L'origine des différentes structures de flamme et d'écoulement qui en résultent est étudiée plus en détail à l'aide de mesures couplées OH-PLIF / PIV. Il apparaît que le phénomène de détachement de la flamme hors de l’injecteur central est provoqué par un blocage partiel du jet de méthane central lorsque le swirl interne augmente. De plus, la température mesurée à la surface de l’injecteur lorsque la flamme est détachée est considérablement plus faible que lorsque la flamme est accrochée. Enfin, la structure des oxy-flammes coaxiales non prémélangées est étudiée lorsque les swirls centraux et annulaires sont injectés de manière co- et contra-rotatives. Il est prouvé qu’un swirl contra-rotatif diminue la recirculation du gaz tandis qu’un swirl co-rotatif l'améliore. Cette analyse aboutit à un modèle prédisant l’évolution de la position du pied d’une flamme lorsqu’elle est décrochée de l’injecteurThe thesis deals with the stabilization, structure, and thermal behavior of turbulent oxy-flames burning methane. It covers flames operated in premixed and non-premixed conditions, with and without swirl conferred to the flow, and with a variable concentration of oxygen in the oxidizer stream. These flames are investigated over a broad range of operating conditions on a versatile lab-scale combustor with laser diagnostics and high-fidelity computational tools. The objective is to answer the following question. If a change of fuel or oxidizer composition, thermal power, or a slight modification of the injector nozzle is made, can the swirl motion conferred to the reactants be adjusted to retrieve the same flame structure and stabilization regime before the modification? The work relies both on parametrical analysis conducted on a large set of 3000 operating conditions and a thorough investigation of selected flames. Swirled premixed flames are investigated first. The impact on the flow pattern of a diverging cup at the nozzle outlet is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with optical diagnostics. Expressions for the evolution of the swirl level through this diffuser are derived. A model is then developed to predict the position of the central recirculation zone as the quarl angle varies. The study proceeds by assessing effects of a change in the oxidizer composition when switching from N2- to CO2-dilution on the structure of swirled flames. It is found that the swirl has a considerable impact on the flame structure, and two flame wrinkling processes are identified depending on the swirl level. An experimental characterization of the temperature and heat flux distribution along the combustor sidewalls is then conducted. A low-order model is derived to explain changes of the heat flux distributions for the N2- and CO2-diluted flames. The thermal behavior of the Oxytec combustor is then investigated with large-eddy simulations coupled with a Monte Carlo radiative heat transfer solver. It is found that a detailed description of the thermal radiation barely alters the flame and flow position, but has a tremendous impact on the burned gas temperature and the heat flux distribution inside the combustor. A model which enables to predict the global gas temperature and wall heat flux distribution when switching from a non-coupled simulation to a coupled-simulation is finally proposed.An experimental characterization of the effects of swirl on the structure and stabilization modes of non-premixed oxygen-enriched flames above a coaxial injector in which the two streams are eventually swirled is carried out. A model is derived to predict the length of coaxial oxy-flames with and without swirl. It is found that increasing the inner swirl level detaches the flame from the nozzle rim and lowers the flame liftoff distance. Varying the quarl opening angle or the oxygen concentration in the annular oxidizer stream also enables to control the flame liftoff height. The origin of the different flame and flow patterns is further investigated with the help of coupled OH-PLIF/PIV experiments. It is shown that flame detachment from the internal nozzle is caused by a partial blockage of the inner fuel stream by an intense central recirculation zone when the inner swirl increases. The temperature measured at the nozzle rim of the injector is in this case drastically reduced compared to attached flames. The structure of non-premixed co-axial oxy-flames is finally investigated for co- and counter-rotating operations. It is found that counter-swirl cancels gas recirculation along the burner axis while co-swirl enhances it. This allows to separate effects occurring at the outlet of the injector from swirl dissipation taking place further downstream after the coaxial jets have merged. This analysis has resulted in a model for the evolution of the flame root position and validated for about 200 lifted flames
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Mayo, Ana Veronica. "Atomic emission misconceptions as investigated through student interviews and measured by the Flame Test Concept Inventory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1362754897.
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Mazzochi, Gilmar. "Avaliação numérica do efeito de variação de área sobre as características operacionais de quimadores porosos radiantes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/101206.
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Nesse trabalho, é investigada a combustão pré-misturada de metano e ar em um queimador poroso radiante com área de seção transversal variável. A estabilidade de chama e a eficiência de radiação neste tipo de queimador são analisadas através de simulação numérica. O problema considerado para análise é de um queimador unidimensional de área variável com perdas de calor por radiação em suas extremidades. A metodologia numérica usada para resolver o conjunto de equações de conservação é o método dos volumes finitos com o sistema de coordenadas cartesianas. Os resultados mostram que, o aumento da área da seção transversal proporciona um aumento na faixa de estabilidade de chama do queimador quando comparado com um de área constante. A eficiência de radiação também é influenciada positivamente pela variação de área, ou seja, um aumento na área da seção de saída do dispositivo resulta em um aumento na eficiência. Também é testada uma modelagem alternativa baseada no método de curvas de nível (level-set method). Nesse modelo as equações das espécies químicas são substituídas pela equação-G, a qual descreve a dinâmica de uma frente de chama infinitamente fina. Os resultados numéricos das simulações bem como as vantagens e as limitações do modelo de curvas de nível são discutidas. Em linhas gerais os resultados do modelo de curvas de nível não foram capazes de reproduzir adequadamente o comportamento obtido com o modelo convencional.In this work, the premixed combustion of methane and air in a porous radiant burner with a variable cross-sectional area is investigated. The flame stability and the radiant efficiency in this kind of burner are analyzed through numerical simulation. The problem considers a variable area one-dimensional burner with radiation heat losses in its extremities. The numerical method used to solve the set of conservation equations is the finite volume method with the Cartesian coordinate system. The results show that an increase of the cross-sectional area promotes an increase of the flame stability range when compared with a constant area burner. The radiant efficiency is also positively influenced by the area variation, i.e., the increase of the outlet area results in an enhanced efficiency. An alternative modelling based on the level-set method is also tested. In this model the equations of chemical species are replaced by the G-Equation, which describes the dynamics of an infinitely thin flame front. The numerical results of simulations as well as advantages and limitations of the level-set model are discussed. In general the results of the level-set model were not able to reproduce in a suitable way the behavior obtained with the conventional model.
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Sodoma, Jiří. "Obchodování futures - price action a order flow analýza." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205707.
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The thesis purpose is to show that small time frame discretionary e-mini market trading does not mean only blind betting without long term success. Carefully built trading plan, risk management optimization and self-control mastering are the key elements for successful financial market speculation. The first part of the thesis focuses on basics of market mechanism, price activity and order flow. Practical part summarizes findings of theoretical part of the thesis to comprehensive concept, trading plan which is tested through one month demo account trading e-mini Dow market.
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Hemchandra, Santosh. "Dynamics of turbulent premixed flames in acoustic fields." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29615.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Lieuwen, Tim; Committee Member: Menon, Suresh; Committee Member: Peters, Norbert; Committee Member: Yang, Vigor; Committee Member: Zinn, Benjamin. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Friedrich, Niklas, and Anton Melnikov. "Ermittlung verzahnungsbedingter Erregerkräfte von Antriebssträngen." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21412.
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Im Zuge eines Forschungsprojektes werden Möglichkeiten untersucht, die Schallemissionen eines Bühnenpodiums unter einen für Zuschauer wahrnehmbaren Schalldruckegel zu reduzieren. Daraus ergibt sich u.a. die Motivation, die Schalleistung für spezifische Antriebe zu bestimmen um bühnen- und antriebsspezifische Lösungskonzepte zur Schallemissionsreduzierung zu entwickeln.
Zur Ermittlung entsprechender Lösungen werden an erster Stelle die Geometrien der antriebsspezifischen Zahnradpaarungen in einem CAD-Modell dargestellt. Erlauben die Flankengeometrien die Abbildung eines Überrollvorganges mit ununterbrochenem Zahnflankenkontakt, können die Zahnradmodelle weiterführend in einer nichtlinearen FEM-Simulation verwendet werden. Ziel dieser nichtlinearen Simulation ist die Bestimmung der aus dem Überrollvorgang resultierenden Erregerkräfte im Zeitbereich. Anschließend ist die Übertragung dieser Kräfte in den Frequenzbereich möglich, was nachfolgend eine harmonische Simulation sowie final die Feststellung der antriebsspezifischen Schallleistung erlaubt.
Книги з теми "Lever flange"
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Three clams and an oyster. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 2002.
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2
Esch, G. J. van. Flame retardants: Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.
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Hagedorn, Ludger, Piotr Kubasiak, and Klaus Nellen, eds. Krzysztof Michalski: Die Flamme der Ewigkeit. Verlag Karl Alber, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783495825587.
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Dieses Buch ist der Versuch, Nietzsche mit Blick auf die alte Frage nach der conditio humana neu zu lesen. Der Leser wird nicht die eine Antwort finden, sondern viele, und die Wege dorthin sind oft weit und verschlungen. Als Leitfäden dienen dem Autor Schlüsselbegriffe und -metaphern in Nietzsches Denken, die sich bis in die Antike zurückverfolgen lassen und bis in unsere Gegenwart wirken. Der Autor setzt Nietzsche in einen Dialog mit den vielstimmigen Zeugnissen der Suche nach dem Geheimnis der menschlichen Existenz – von der griechischen Philosophie über das Neue Testament und die Kirchenväter bis zu klassischen Denkern und Schriftstellern der Moderne.
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Wallner, Alexandra. Betsy Ross: Level F (Into English). Hampton-Brown Books, 2001.
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Michta, Andrew A. Poland. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0007.
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This chapter analyses the adaptation of Poland’s defence policy and armed forces to the rapidly changing security environment along NATO’s north-eastern flank. First, it examines the impact of a resurgent Russia on Poland’s security calculus, especially since Russia’s seizure of Crimea and the war in eastern Ukraine. Next, it addresses the evolution of Warsaw’s views on the relative utility of NATO and the European Union and its efforts to return NATO to its traditional territorial defence role. It then focuses on the modernization of Poland’s armed forces, with a special emphasis on doctrinal change, the reform of the command and control system, and the creation of the Territorial Defence units. It also reviews the t state of key hardware purchases as of mid-2017. The chapter concludes with an overall assessment of the level of capabilities and the readiness of the armed forces in the changing threat environment along NATO’s north-eastern flank.
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Zhukovsky, Donna S. Treatment of Opioid-Induced Constipation in Advanced Illness (DRAFT). Edited by Nathan A. Gray and Thomas W. LeBlanc. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190658618.003.0025.
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Opioid-induced constipation is a major problem for patients with advanced medical illness despite aggressive use of bowel regimens. Methylnaltrexone is an opioid antagonist with limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and thus is thought to induce opioid withdrawal at the level of the gastrointestinal tract without causing central withdrawal and flare of pain. This chapter describes and evaluates a randomized controlled trial of methylnaltrexone versus placebo and an open label extension study for patients with advanced illness and opioid-induced constipation. Primary outcomes are efficacy and safety. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the possible role of methylnaltrexone in the therapeutic armamentarium of opioid induced constipation.
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Powell, Randy. Three Clams and an Oyster. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), 2006.
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Burley, David V., and David J. Addison. Tonga and Sāmoa in Oceanic Prehistory. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.017.
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Tonga and Sāmoa are adjacent archipelagoes on the west central flank of the Polynesian triangle. These were the first islands to be settled in Polynesia, and they ultimately became the homeland from which islands in East Polynesia were colonized. Long held assumptions in regional archaeology suggest Tongan/Sāmoan culture histories are interwoven and homogeneous. This is only partly the case, as is illustrated in a review of regional archaeology including Lapita and Plainware ceramics, debates on the veracity of ancestral Polynesian society and homeland, on the political evolution and outcomes for chiefdom-level society, in archaeological data reflecting interaction, warfare, trade, and elite intermarriage as well as in traditional histories extending over a millennium. Research themes and critiques are structured and prioritized by personal perspectives of the authors.
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Behera, Swadhin, and Toshio Yamagata. Climate Dynamics of ENSO Modoki Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.612.
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The El Niño Modoki/La Niña Modoki (ENSO Modoki) is a newly acknowledged face of ocean-atmosphere coupled variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the El Niño Modoki are different from that of canonical El Niño, which is extensively studied for its dynamics and worldwide impacts. A typical El Niño event is marked by a warm anomaly of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Because of the associated changes in the surface winds and the weakening of coastal upwelling, the coasts of South America suffer from widespread fish mortality during the event. Quite opposite of this characteristic change in the ocean condition, cold SST anomalies prevail in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the El Niño Modoki events, but with the warm anomalies intensified in the central Pacific. The boreal winter condition of 2004 is a typical example of such an event, when a tripole pattern is noticed in the SST anomalies; warm central Pacific flanked by cold eastern and western regions. The SST anomalies are coupled to a double cell in anomalous Walker circulation with rising motion in the central parts and sinking motion on both sides of the basin. This is again a different feature compared to the well-known single-cell anomalous Walker circulation during El Niños. La Niña Modoki is the opposite phase of the El Niño Modoki, when a cold central Pacific is flanked by warm anomalies on both sides.The Modoki events are seen to peak in both boreal summer and winter and hence are not seasonally phase-locked to a single seasonal cycle like El Niño/La Niña events. Because of this distinction in the seasonality, the teleconnection arising from these events will vary between the seasons as teleconnection path will vary depending on the prevailing seasonal mean conditions in the atmosphere. Moreover, the Modoki El Niño/La Niña impacts over regions such as the western coast of the United States, the Far East including Japan, Australia, and southern Africa, etc., are opposite to those of the canonical El Niño/La Niña. For example, the western coasts of the United States suffer from severe droughts during El Niño Modoki, whereas those regions are quite wet during El Niño. The influences of Modoki events are also seen in tropical cyclogenesis, stratosphere warming of the Southern Hemisphere, ocean primary productivity, river discharges, sea level variations, etc. A remarkable feature associated with Modoki events is the decadal flattening of the equatorial thermocline and weakening of zonal thermal gradient. The associated ocean-atmosphere conditions have caused frequent and persistent developments of Modoki events in recent decades.
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Gleicher, David. The Rescue of the Third Class on the Titanic. Liverpool University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893410.001.0001.
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This work seeks to understand why a disproportionately large number of third class passengers, particularly women and children, died during the sinking of the Titanic in relation to the first and second classes. It examines the gender, class, social, and cultural factors that influenced this disparity. It aims to uncover both why and how five hundred and thirty one third class passengers died on the night of April 14th 1912. A key area of focus is the difficult relationship between the ship’s authorities and the men of the third class, and the extent to which this determined the fate of passengers during the rescue efforts. The introduction asks ‘Who were the third class passengers?’ and uses ethnic and economic backgrounds to suggest the third class belonged to the ‘Old Immigration’ wave of migrants, rather than the contemporary ‘New Immigration’ of the first and second. The first chapter concerns the exclusion of third class narratives in the ‘popular story’ of the Titanic. Chapters two through seven determine the whereabouts of the third class during every stage of evacuation, and flags the discrepancies in testimonies from both the British and American inquiries. Chapter eight provides a conclusion, which claims the ‘popular story’ includes a great many falsehoods with regard to the third class - including their treatment by crew, their behaviours, and their survival rates. The first appendix tables nationalities into regions; the second outlines the twenty routes to the lifeboats, as testified by one of the Titanic design architects; and the third provides deck plans for every level of the ship.
Частини книг з теми "Lever flange"
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Lim, Joong Yeon, Jung Min Seo, and Beong Bok Hwang. "A Numerical Analysis of Powdered Metal Compaction Processes for Two-Level Flanged Solid Cylindrical Components." In Materials Science Forum, 3251–54. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.3251.
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Sulistyawati, Ardiani Ika, Addien Nurfitriana, and Dyah Nirmala Arum Janie. "Auditors’ perception of the effectiveness level of the red flags method in detecting frauds." In Facing Global Digital Revolution, 83–86. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2020] | “Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics, Management, and Accounting (BES 2019), July 10, 2019, Semarang, Indonesia”--Title page.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429322808-19.
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Poulot, Marie-Laure. "Branding Cosmopolitanism and Place Making in Saint Laurent Boulevard, Montreal." In IMISCOE Research Series, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67365-9_9.
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AbstractThe boulevard Saint-Laurent is the embodiment in Montreal of the gap between the French-speaking eastern part and the English-speaking areas in the west part, but it is also the place where immigrants settled during the twentieth century, thus creating specific neighborhoods (Little Italy, Chinatown, and Portuguese and Jewish sectors). These neighborhoods, that once symbolized poverty and marginalized communities, have been undergoing processes of both social and urban change as well as gentrification. They are now repositioned, through the urban planning, marketing strategies, and cultural events (celebrations, festivals, urban tours) produced by public and private stakeholders, as places to visit. Cosmopolitanism is being integrated as a marketing strategy to promote places and to redefine districts as destinations of leisure and tourism (Shaw S, Bagwell S, Karmowska J, Urban Studies 41(10), 1983–2000, 2004). The boulevard is a lever for branding strategies: “ethnic” neighborhoods clearly highlight the assets of cosmopolitanism through food, shops, associations or symbols such as colors, flags or ornaments. This chapter focuses on these actions of branding and the use of the cosmopolitan past of the street and their impact on the representations of pedestrians, inhabitants and users.
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Borman, Andrew M., and Elizabeth M. Johnson. "Sequence-based Identification and Classification of Fungi." In Trends in the systematics of bacteria and fungi, 198–216. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244984.0198.
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Abstract This book chapter describes the advantages and limitations of the ITS Region as a universal barcode for fungal identification. The ITS region offers several practical advantages as a universal fungal barcode region. The region encompasses segments that permit resolution at different taxonomic levels as it includes the highly conserved 5.8S rRNA gene, the moderately rapidly evolving ITS2 region and the rapidly evolving ITS1 region, flanked by the highly conserved SSU and LSU genes which permit design of PCR primers that are almost panfungal. Over the last two decades the sequence-based identification of fungi has certainly come of age. The ITS region is universally accepted as the primary fungal barcoding region owing to the high barcode gap with the locus for many groups of fungi. Since the species-resolution power of ITS is poor for certain groups of fungi, and higher-level taxonomic resolution is greater with proteincoding genes, the TEF1α locus has been proposed as the universal secondary barcode region. In addition, the historical problems surrounding the reliability of fungal DNA sequences in centralized repositories are slowly being resolved by the development of an increasing number of publicly accessible, curated databases.
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Williams, Dana M. "Anarchists as individuals: a micro-structural analysis." In Black Flags and Social Movements. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The goal of this chapter is to explore the micro-level characteristics of anarchists. How do anarchists today identify socially and politically? What is the class composition of anarchist movements? In recent decades, some observers have claimed that anarchist movements have changed to focus less on economic issues and are more divorced from the working class. Through the analysis of survey responses, this chapter demonstrates that the union membership of anarchists is related to subjective working-class status, age, residence, economic anarchist ideology, anarchist movement participation, and activist identity. While not conclusive or uncomplicated, these findings call into question the claims that all modern movements (including anarchism) are postmaterialist, and emphasize collective cultural identity to the neglect of economic identity and class.
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Khoo, Li Jing. "Design and Develop a Cybersecurity Education Framework Using Capture the Flag (CTF)." In Design, Motivation, and Frameworks in Game-Based Learning, 123–53. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6026-5.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rise of cyber threats is projecting the growth of cybersecurity education. Malaysian students who are interested in studying computing and information technologies suffer from knowledge and skill gaps because the earliest exposure of formal computer knowledge happens only at tertiary level education. In addition, the ever-evolving cyber landscape complicated the gaps and exposure. This chapter reveals the learner's motivation factor through an exploratory study in a national level cybersecurity competition. By simulating a real-world cyber landscape, a customized cybersecurity game, Capture the Flag was designed, developed, and validated as an experiment to study the relationship between learners' motivation and achievement level.
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Khoo, Li Jing. "Design and Develop a Cybersecurity Education Framework Using Capture the Flag (CTF)." In Research Anthology on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Security, 225–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7705-9.ch011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rise of cyber threats is projecting the growth of cybersecurity education. Malaysian students who are interested in studying computing and information technologies suffer from knowledge and skill gaps because the earliest exposure of formal computer knowledge happens only at tertiary level education. In addition, the ever-evolving cyber landscape complicated the gaps and exposure. This chapter reveals the learner's motivation factor through an exploratory study in a national level cybersecurity competition. By simulating a real-world cyber landscape, a customized cybersecurity game, Capture the Flag was designed, developed, and validated as an experiment to study the relationship between learners' motivation and achievement level.
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Mylroie, J. E., and J. R. Mylroie. "6.29 Flank Margin Caves in Carbonate Islands and the Effects of Sea Level." In Treatise on Geomorphology, 351–62. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00131-7.
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Lankester, Ted. "Health teaching and behavioural change." In Setting up Community Health Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings, edited by Ted Lankester and Nathan Grills, 55–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806653.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses health information and raising health awareness. It explains how these feed into behavioural change, both in individuals and in communities, as a key to improving health. It describes ways in which behavioural change can be brought about, starting with transformation in our own attitudes. It outlines materials, equipment, and preparations needed to teach and to improve heath at community level. It describes methods of raising health awareness, such as group discussions, personal teaching at the point of need, flashcards, flipcharts, flannel boards, stories and songs, roleplay, drama, puppets, live examples, still images (slides and digital photographs), moving images (video, DVD, and films), CD-ROMs and the Internet, radio, and TV. It finishes with a section on how to measure the impact of health teaching.
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Tenold, Stig. "Stage Two of the Crisis and the Long-term Changes." In Tankers in Trouble, 85–106. Liverpool University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893427.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the second stage of the shipping crisis and the long-term effects that it evoked. It traces the crisis from the mid-seventies low, through a brief flourish in 1978, to the plummet in shipping trade in the early 1980s, ten years after the first oil price hike. It analyses the response within the industry to the depression, noting in particular the emergence of Asian flags of convenience (FOCs). It also analyses the situation in 1970s Norway, considering the heavy presence of Norway in the international shipping industry and their deadweight tonnage numbers to demonstrate the economic impact of the crisis on a national level.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lever flange"
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Brown, Warren, and David Reeves. "An Update on Selecting the Optimum Bolt Assembly Stress for Piping Flanges." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to minimize the likelihood of leakage from flanged piping joints, it is a good practice to maximize the initial bolt assembly stress. Present bolting guidelines (ASME PCC-1 [1]) outline the use of a percent of bolt yield across all flange sizes and classes to set the assembly stress level. These guidelines do indicate that aspects such as component strength and gasket stress should be considered, however the most common application of the approach is to use a standard percentage of bolt yield across all flange sizes and classes. This approach does allow for adjustment for differences in material yield strengths (carbon steel versus stainless steel) and raised face (RF) versus ring type joint (RTJ) flange configurations. It does not, however, adjust for the difference in strength between standard pipe flange sizes nor the actual gasket stress achieved across all flange sizes and classes. Since there is no assessment of flange strength, such an approach may cause failure of joint components. In addition, because the standard percentage of bolt yield technique does not look at gasket stress, it is prone to gasket leakage due to low stress or gasket destruction due to over-compression for some joints. In addition, some joints may require bolt loads well in excess of the standard value to develop an acceptable gasket stress level in order to prevent leakage. This paper is a continuation of the paper presented during PVP 2006 in Vancouver (Brown [2]), which examined the variables that must be considered and drew some preliminary conclusions regarding the use of flange stress limits in determining the maximum allowable bolt load for a given flange size. Subsequent to writing that paper, further investigation found that the code calculated flange stresses are a poor indicator of the maximum acceptable bolt load. The most practical measure of this load is obtained by using elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the point of gross plastic deformation of the flange. This paper details the maximum bolt load limit results of elastic-plastic FEA on most sizes of standard ASME weld neck flange sizes. The practical application of this method is in the development of standard bolt assembly stress (or torque) tables for standard pipe flanges using a given gasket type. In addition, a new code equation and additional limits are developed, by comparison to the elastic-plastic FEA results, which allow the determination of the maximum assembly bolt load for non-standard weld-neck flanges and standard weld-neck flanges with different bores, materials or gaskets than used in the elastic-plastic FEA presented in this paper.
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Brown, Warren, and David Reeves. "Considerations for Selecting the Optimum Bolt Assembly Stresses for Piping Flanges." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to minimize the likelihood of leakage from flanged piping joints, it is a good practice to maximize the initial bolt assembly stress. Present bolting guidelines (ASME PCC-1 [1]) use a standard percent of bolt yield to set the assembly stress level. This approach does not allow for the difference in strength between standard pipe flange sizes, differences in material yield strengths (carbon steel versus stainless steel), raised face (RF) versus ring type joint (RTJ) flange configurations and the actual gasket stress achieved across all flange sizes and classes. Since there is no assessment of stresses, such an approach may cause failure of joint components. In addition, because the standard percentage of bolt yield technique does not look at gasket stress, it is prone to gasket leakage due to low stress or gasket destruction due to over-compression for some joints. In addition, some joints may require bolt loads well in excess of the standard value to develop an acceptable gasket stress level in order to prevent leakage. This paper examines an alternative approach, based on the actual gasket and flange stresses. The approach examines the minimum and maximum gasket stress levels to determine what bolt stress range is acceptable and then looks at the flange stresses and flange deformation issues to ensure that the flange will not be permanently damaged, while maximizing the specified bolt load. The practical application of this method is in the development of standard bolt assembly stress (or torque) tables for standard pipe flanges using a given gasket type.
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Galai, Hichem, and Abdel-Hakim Bouzid. "Analytical Modeling of Bolted Flange Joints With Full Face Gaskets." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the low leakage performance of flat face flanges, neither Appendix 2 nor Appendix Y of the ASME code which describes the design rules of flanges, are reliable to assess load changes when full face gaskets are used. The prediction of the tightness of these connections relies very much on the level of precision of the gasket contact stress during operation. However, determining this stress is complex, due to the many geometric and material parameters involved. This paper analyses the behaviour of bolted joints with full face gaskets. It presents an analytical approach to evaluate the operating flange rotation, gasket load and contact stress that may be used for leak prediction. The method is based on the gasket-bolt-flange elastic interaction, including flange rotational flexibility. The proposed model is supported by comparison with numerical FEA of different size flanges.
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Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Hichem Galai. "Bolted Flange Joints With Full Face Gaskets: An Analytical Approach Based on Flexibility." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The low leakage performance of flanges with full face gaskets is attributed to the reliability of the design method used in Appendix 2 and Appendix Y of the ASME code in assessing accurately the bolt and gasket load changes. The prediction of tightness of these bolted joints relies very much on the level of precision of the gasket contact stress during operation. The evaluation of this stress requires a flexibility analysis of the joint including the flange the gasket and bolt and the interaction between them. This paper analyses the distribution of gasket stress and the load change in bolted joints with full face gaskets. It proposes a simple analytical approach capable of predicting flange rotation and bolt load change during operation. The method is based on the gasket-bolt-flange elastic interaction, including flange rotational flexibility. The proposed model is supported by comparison with numerical FEA of different size flanges.
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Terada, Susumu, Tatsuo Nishihara, and Tomohiro Suzuki. "Comparison on Mechanical Behavior of Bolted Flanges Per Old and New Section VIII Division 2." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The allowable stress for 2.25Cr 1Mo 0.25V steel per ASME Section VIII Div.2 2007 edition (hereinafter called New Div2) becomes higher than that per old Div.2. Therefore the thickness of flange can be thinner than that per old Div.2. The internal fluid leakage is main concern as well as stress level especially for large size flanges per New Div.2. In this paper the analysis method using axi-symmetric model are investigated and the numerical analyses using axi-symmetric models for two types of flange design are performed in order to compare the flange rotation, gasket contact stress and stress level of flange and bolts. The contact stress of New Div.2 flange was lower than that of Old Div.2 flange totally. However the maximum gasket contact stress of New Div.2 flange which occurred at outer edge of the gasket is almost same as that of Old Div.2. Therefore it is expected that the sealing performance of flange connections per both Old Div.2 and New Div.2 is almost same.
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Galai, Hichem, and Abdel-Hakim Bouzid. "Analytical Modeling of Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Beyond the Bolt Circle." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Design rules for flat face flanges with metal-to-metal contact beyond the bolt circle are covered by Appendix Y of the ASME Code. These design rules are based on Schneider’s work [1]. The prediction of tightness of these bolted joints relies very much on the level of precision of the O-ring gasket compression during operation. The evaluation of this compression requires a rigorous flexibility analysis of the joint including bolt-flange elastic interaction. This paper analyses flange separation and the bolt load change in flat face bolted joints. It proposes two different analytical approaches capable of predicting flange rotation and bolt load change during operation. The first method is based on beam theory applied to a continuous flange sector. This approach is an improvement of the discrete beam theory used by Schneider [1]. The second method is based on circular plate theory and is developed for the purpose of a more accurate assessment of the load changes. As in the Taylor Forge method, this approach is in general better suited than the beam theory for flat face flanges in particular when the flange width is small. The proposed models are compared to the discrete beam theory and validated using numerical FEA on different flange sizes.
7
Brown, Warren, Clay Rodery, and Richard Brodzinski. "Bolted Joint Component Temperatures for Material Selection." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The selection of gasket, bolts and flange materials for elevated temperature service requires knowledge of the operating temperature that the joint components will see during service. There are guidelines in ASME B31.3 for approximate temperature reductions of 10% and 20% for the flange and bolts, respectively. However, it is not made clear if that approximation can also be applied to gaskets. In addition, the background for the limits and level of conservatism of the B31.3 approximations is unknown. This paper examines the operational temperature of joint components for a range of standard B16.5 and B16.47 flanges in different services in order to confirm the level of conservatism of the B31.3 limits, identify any limits to those approximations and outline appropriate gasket temperature assumptions.
8
Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "On the Use of Belleville Washers to Reduce Relaxation in Bolted Flange Joints." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bolted flange joints are prone to leakage when exposed to high temperature. In most cases this is due to relaxation that takes place as a result of material creep. One way to solve this problem is to use Belleville spring washers or longer bolt with spacers. However, there is practically no reliable analytical model that can evaluate the exact number of washers or length of the bolts required to reduce relaxation to a target minimum level. This paper describes an analytical model based on the flexibility and displacement interactions of the joint different elements including the axial rigidity of the flange and bolts, used to evaluate relaxation. The developed analytical flange model can accommodate either Belleville spring washers or longer bolts with spacer tubes to reduce the bolt load loss to a maximum target value. This model is validated by comparison with the more accurate FEA findings. Calculation examples on a bolted flanged joint are presented to illustrate the suggested analytical calculation procedure.
9
Clarke, Mandi M., Kenneth R. Grant, and A. Fitzgerald (Jerry) Waterland. "Initial Investigation on the Effect of Bolt Loading Rate on the Need to Re-Torque PTFE Gaskets in Bolted Flanged Connections." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Industry practice dictates that there is a minimum level of assembly stress to obtain gasketed joint tightness. In addition to the initial stress placed upon the gasket, it is maintained that a re-torque is often necessary with PTFE based gaskets to insure proper operating stress levels on the joint and gasket material system. This paper and research will explore the effect of bolt loading and flange assembly rate in bolted flanged connections utilizing PTFE gaskets.
10
Ando, Fumio, Toshiyuki Sawa, and Masatoshi Ikeda. "A New Design Method for Piping Components Against Leakage and Damage Subjected to High Level Earthquake Load." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A design method of piping components for Level 2 earthquake (the possible strongest earthquake with extremely low probability of occurrence) such as bolted flanged joints, expansion joints, and equipment nozzles is described. This design method is provided taking into account their failure modes and degree of safety. The failure modes for each piping component is classified according to the past damage experience due to earthquake, and each criterion is provided against the failure mode. The typical failure modes are gas leakage, fatigue failure, cumulative plastic deformation during and after earthquake for bolted flanged joints, expansion joints and equipment nozzles in piping components, respectively. Specifically, the simplified method of bolted flanged joints is proposed as the convenient design method for chemical plants and petroleum refineries, etc. (here in after calls as plant) The method is derived using gasket factor, gasket dimensions and clamping forces due to bolts for external piping load. This practical method is investigated and verified due to the experimental results on the welding neck type flanges subjected to static bending moment, in which the bolted flanged joints of NPS 4″ and 8″ in size, 3 types of gaskets are used. In addition, the dynamic inertia force effect is also studied by the shaking table tests using cantilever model of bolted flanged joints at fixed side with changing the bolt clamping forces and gasket types.
Звіти організацій з теми "Lever flange"
1
Smith, I. R., R. C. Paulen, and G W Hagedorn. Surficial geology, northeastern Cameron Hills, Northwest Territories, NTS 85-C/3, 4, 5, and 6. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The northeastern Cameron Hills comprise a Cretaceous bedrock upland, rising >550 m above the regional boreal plains. It was inundated by the Laurentide Ice Sheet and includes much of a prominent 60 by 20 km southwest-oriented mega-scale glacial lineation field, formed in thick till. Subsequent ice flow on northeast Cameron Hills occurred north to south, and a series of lobate and ice-thrust moraines suggest glacial surging. Rotational bedrock slumps cover the eastern and northern flanks of Cameron Hills, and extensive alluvial fan deposits draining from these slopes blanket the surrounding topography. The Cameron River formed as a glacial spillway, draining southwest across the upland before turning north and draining into Tathlina Lake. An expansive raised delta and glaciolacustrine sediment cover extending up to ~295 m above sea level, south of Tathlina Lake, records impoundment of an ice-marginal lake between the northeastward-retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet and Cameron Hills.
2
Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Prysyazhnyi, Mykhaylo. UNIQUE, BUT UNCOMPLETED PROJECTS (FROM HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN EMIGRANT PRESS). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article investigational three magazines which went out after Second World war in Germany and Austria in the environment of the Ukrainian emigrants, is «Theater» (edition of association of artists of the Ukrainian stage), «Student flag» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Young friends» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth). The thematic structure of magazines, which is inferior the association of different on age, is considered, by vital experience and professional orientation of people in the conditions of the forced emigration, paid regard to graphic registration of magazines, which, without regard to absence of the proper publisher-polydiene bases, marked structuralness and expressiveness. A repertoire of periodicals of Ukrainian migration is in the American, English and French areas of occupation of Germany and Austria after Second world war, which consists of 200 names, strikes the tipologichnoy vseokhopnistyu and testifies to the high intellectual level of the moved persons, desire of yaknaynovishe, to realize the considerable potential in new terms with hope on transference of the purchased experience to Ukraine. On ruins of Europe for two-three years the network of the press, which could be proud of the European state is separately taken, is created. Different was a period of their appearance: from odnogo-dvokh there are to a few hundred numbers, that it is related to intensive migration of Ukrainians to the USA, Canada, countries of South America, Australia. But indisputable is a fact of forming of conceptions of newspapers and magazines, which it follows to study, doslidzhuvati and adjust them to present Ukrainian realities. Here not superfluous will be an example of a few editions on the thematic range of which the names – «Plastun» specify, «Skob», «Mali druzi», «Sonechko», «Yunackiy shliah», «Iyzhak», «Lys Mykyta» (satire, humour), «Literaturna gazeta», «Ukraina і svit», «Ridne slovo», «Hrystyianskyi shliah», «Golos derzhavnyka», «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk», «Gart», «Zmag» (sport), «Litopys politviaznia», «Ukrains’ka shkola», «Torgivlia i promysel», «Gospodars’ko-kooperatyvne zhyttia», «Ukrainskyi gospodar», «Ukrainskyi esperantist», «Radiotehnik», «Politviazen’», «Ukrainskyi selianyn» Considering three riznovektorni magazines «Teatr» (edition of Association Mistciv the Ukrainian Stage), «Studentskyi prapor» (a magazine of the Ukrainian academic young people is in Austria), «Yuni druzi» (a plastoviy magazine is for senior children and youth) assert that maintenance all three magazines directed on creation of different on age and by the professional orientation of national associations for achievement of the unique purpose – cherishing and maintainance of environments of ukrainstva, identity, in the conditions of strange land. Without regard to unfavorable publisher-polydiene possibilities, absence of financial support and proper encouragement, release, followed the intensive necessity of concentration of efforts for achievement of primary purpose – receipt and re-erecting of the Ukrainian State.
4
MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.