Дисертації з теми "Leurres (chasse)"
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Rolland, Céline. "Figures, gestes et cibles du Sportsman : la chasse dans les textes de Jim Harrison et Thomas McGuane." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20053.
Повний текст джерелаIn the writings of the American authors Jim Harrison and Thomas McGuane, hunting is a central theme. Even when it is not the main topic of the text, hunting is significant. It may be one of the main themes, tackled directly for itself or it can be an ancillary tl1eme used as a metaphor or as an implicit motif in the structure. Hunting is also a writing strategy, reproducing the mimetic seduction of the lure, hiding or revealing a second meaning. The motif of the double is indeed central; it has to do with the logics of make-believe but also with the complex character of the hunter who enacts contradictory tendencies: torn between his respect for the prey and his desire to grasp and kill it, he also embodies an ambivalent attitude toward the Law. The sportsman faces the limits of his scope; he defines them so as to respect tl1em. By contrast other character-types are presented as foils to the sportsman. Their transgression may however become beneficient to the group he belongs to. In such cases, ehe hunter has a paradoxical function: he reveals that the landmarks must be displaced and his "black hunt" effectively replaces them. He embodies a paradoxical model in the story and for tl1e writer. Harrison's and McGuane's texts thus suggest to look at the writer as "black hunter" who trespasses into other writers' territories, also violating the limits conventionally separating several systems of representation. This transgression proves fruitful and as such is valorized. The hunter and the writer try to adjust and accommodate to a changing world; this quest implies new frames. The sportsman's ideal of catch-and-release reflects tl1e writer's aesthetics of release: both try to put the game back in movement
BIAGINI, PHILIPPE. "Hormones gastro-intestinales et leurs recepteurs : approches moleculaires dans les cancers digestifs (doctorat)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX20653.
Повний текст джерелаHachemi, Abdelkader Weichert Dieter. "Sur les méthodes directes et leurs applications." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/169.
Повний текст джерелаN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 486. Textes en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. [117]-127.
Rahgoshay, Mohamad. "Les chromites et leurs gisements dans les complexes ophiolitiques de la chaine du taurus (turquie) : comparaison avec les gisements omanais." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13175.
Повний текст джерелаPhilippe, Jean-Marc. "Isolement, caracterisation et etude de l'expression spatio-temporelle de transcrits fgf1 heterogenes dans leurs regions 5' non codantes." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T003.
Повний текст джерелаMelka, Johanna. "Répercussion des fluctuations du taux de change sur les prix des firmes exportatrices : une mise en évidence des comportements de "pricing-to-market" et de leurs conséquences macro-économiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010063.
Повний текст джерелаChaste, Émeline. "Risques passés et futurs de feux de forêts et leurs incidences sur la résilience de la forêt boréale de l’Est Canadien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP047/document.
Повний текст джерелаChanges in forest composition and structure are projected in response to the future climate likely more conducive to fire and water stress. A decrease in carbon and biomass stocks could significantly affect the forest industry and global warming by high carbon emissions during fires. However, despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the future of the forest is uncertain because the impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes and standing biomass are still poorly understood. The primary objective is therefore to assess the potential effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics and fires, and to characterize their joint effects on the resilience of eastern Canada's boreal forest on both sides of the northern limit of managed forests (NLMF). Simulations were carried out with the LPJ-LMfire dynamic global vegetation model and focused on three specific objectives: (1) to reconstruct fire activity during the 20th century and analyze changes in spatial and temporal fire trends related to vegetation and climate, (2) to analyze the forest response projection to climate change and to fire increase to assess if abrupt changes in biomass of dominant species could occur, (3) to simulate trajectories of past fires and vegetation in response to Holocene climatic variations to understand the relationship between climate, fire and vegetation. For the first time, simulations are performed on the eastern boreal forest with LPJ-LMfire over 6000 years and at high spatial resolution (100 km 2) over a study area stretching west to east, from Manitoba to Newfoundland. The plant functional types for the four dominant tree genera (Picea, Abies, Pinus, Populus) have been parameterized. The predictive capabilities of the model were tested over the 20th century by comparing simulated annual rates of combustion and biomass with independent observations. The same variables, simulated over the past 6,000 years, have been compared to paleoecological reconstructions from lacustrine records of microcharcoals and pollen. Finally, the present version of LPJ-LMfire has been used with IPCC climate scenarios to analyze trajectories along the 21st century. The results show that LPJ-LMfire correctly reproduces the spatio-temporal trends in fire frequency observed in the 20th century, particularly in Manitoba and Ontario. The simulated spatial distribution of plant biomass is also consistent with observations, except at the northern limit of trees where it is overestimated, especially for Picea. The trajectories of simulated fires and vegetation over the last 6,000 years were spatially shifted compared to paleoecological reconstructions: too far south in the west and too far north in the east. The observed difference would be due to the IPSL-CM5A-LR climate data provided as input of LPJ-LMfire. Climate variability and lightning impacts are the determining factors in the distribution of fire frequency during the 20th century, while vegetation feedbacks on fires control the distribution of their frequency over long time scales. Our results contradict the predicted increase in future fire risk, suggesting a decrease in fire frequency by 2100, especially in the south, associated with an increase in the proportion of deciduous taxa and an opening of landscapes that should limit ignition and spread of fires. The frequency and intensity of droughts induced by climate change are expected to increase and favor tree mortality south of the NLMF. Rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 will only temporarily increase forest productivity. By 2100, declining biomass stocks and increasing broadleaf proportion south of the NLMF could threaten the economy of the forest sector. Silvicultural practices that preserve productivity and boreal forest resilience are therefore recommended to maintain sustainable forest management
Binet, Laurent. "Synthèse de tétrathiafulvalènes polychalcogènes et/ou fonctionnalisées : préparation et étude de leurs complexes, sels, films et intercalats comme matériaux conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20124.
Повний текст джерелаFerfache, Anouar Abdeldjaoued. "Les M-estimateurs semiparamétriques et leurs applications pour les problèmes de ruptures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2643.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation we are concerned with semiparametric models. These models have success and impact in mathematical statistics due to their excellent scientific utility and intriguing theoretical complexity. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the problem of the estimation of a parameter θ, in Banach spaces, maximizing some criterion function which depends on an unknown nuisance parameter h, possibly infinite-dimensional. We show that the m out of n bootstrap, in a general setting, is weakly consistent under conditions similar to those required for weak convergence of the non smooth M-estimators. In this framework, delicate mathematical derivations will be required to cope with estimators of the nuisance parameters inside non-smooth criterion functions. We then investigate an exchangeable weighted bootstrap for function-valued estimators defined as a zero point of a function-valued random criterion function. The main ingredient is the use of a differential identity that applies when the random criterion function is linear in terms of the empirical measure. A large number of bootstrap resampling schemes emerge as special cases of our settings. Examples of applications from the literature are given to illustrate the generality and the usefulness of our results. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the statistical models with multiple change-points. The main purpose of this part is to investigate the asymptotic properties of semiparametric M-estimators with non-smooth criterion functions of the parameters of multiple change-points model for a general class of models in which the form of the distribution can change from segment to segment and in which, possibly, there are parameters that are common to all segments. Consistency of the semiparametric M-estimators of the change-points is established and the rate of convergence is determined. The asymptotic normality of the semiparametric M-estimators of the parameters of the within-segment distributions is established under quite general conditions. We finally extend our study to the censored data framework. We investigate the performance of our methodologies for small samples through simulation studies
Ottolini, Lucile. "Travailler avec le tiers secteur : études de cas des politiques d'ouverture à la société dans les instituts d'expertise et de leurs effets en France de 1990 à 2020." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2020.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, public decision making on health and environmental risks has experienced a number of crises and controversies which have highlighted a significant gap in the perception of risks by experts and society. In an attempt to reduce this gap and restore the credibility of the knowledge upon which the legitimacy of decisions rests, several public agencies have implemented so-called ‘’ openness to society ‘’ policies. While opening up has increased over the last ten years or so, it is inscribed in an older movement calling for the deconfinement of science. Indeed, social science research, particularly in the field of science and technology studies (STS), has shown that the co-definition of problems and solutions with stakeholders makes it possible to produce knowledge that is more legitimate, more adaptable in uncertainty contexts and more socially appropriable. Historically, collaborations between scientific institutions have mainly benefited large companies and public decision-makers, marginalizing many actors, including associations, trade unions and local and territorial authorities. This thesis problematizes the categories of actors and organizations to which risk evaluation opens up by proposing to put to the notion of "third sector expertise" the test as a notion with perimeters redefined by institutions, socio-technical problems and social mobilizations. This thesis focuses on the changes that this opening up to the third sector produces on the research work of agencies specializing in the assessment of health and environmental risks. More specifically, it focuses on transforming the meaning that experts and their managers give to their profession and to risk management. It addresses the meaning of "opening up to society" by combining a sociology of organizations approach with a sociology of science and technology approach that does justice to the importance of the socio-technical properties of the problems dealt with by these institutions. It proposes to consider the collaboration between expertise and the third sector as a frontier object, a theatre of social, epistemic and institutional intermediation that crystallizes the transformations of health and environmental risk management in France today. This approach leads to the following results. Opening up does not transform the experimental work of experts or the evaluation standards they use. In contrast, collaborations with the third sector have an impact on future research themes (more focused on hitherto invisible risks such as the interdependence of different categories of risk), how to communicate these risks (taking much more account of public opinion and the concerns of third sector organizations and the political issues of this diversity, by multiplying meetings with third sector organizations, by putting technical experts in an interface situation rather than senior managers) and the power of third sector organizations in institutions (by opening up pluralist deliberative bodies and systematizing their representation in other institutional governance bodies)
Robert, Colas. "Comprendre les changements d'utilisation des terres en France pour mieux estimer leurs impacts sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre : De l'observation à la modélisation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC263/document.
Повний текст джерелаFrance is required to account for annual land-cover changes and induced carbon fluxes). This inventory is difficult to calcula te, for data source are complex and contradictory. Moreover, this sector is important as its role in combating climate change is emphasized. This thesis proposes improvements to several identified methodological issues: imperfect data sources, Jack of knowledge about other potential sources„ poorly evaluated uncertainties, validation of landscape dynamics consistency..Thus, the objective of this thesis is to analyse and assess current and potential data sources for computing land-cover change area matrixes, in order to enhance the robustness of the inventory. A scientific approach is conducted to assess the inventory, to understand what causes uncertainties in land cover products, to compile datasets and their metadata, to study the landscape dynamics, and to define a new methodological framework allowing better and more consistent estimates of land cover change rates at national scale.This work suggests that the finest spatial, thematical and temporal resolution levels lead to overestimation of false positives. Accuracy and consistency are preferable to precision and scale dependency must be considered. Finally, we propose an interoperability framework for data integration, via a modeling protocol linking land cover change estimation and spatial allocation
Karray, Mohamed Kadhem. "Evaluation analytique des performanes des réseaux sans-fil par un processus de Markov spatial prenant en compte leur géométrie, leur dynamique et leurs algorithmes de contrôle." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003009.
Повний текст джерелаAlglave, Baptiste. "Inférer la distribution spatio-temporelle des espèces d’intérêt halieutique et identifier leurs habitats essentiels : modéliser l’échantillonnage préférentiel et le changement de support pour intégrer des sources de données hétérogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARH117.
Повний текст джерелаMapping fish distribution and identifying fish essential habitats grounds is key to ensure species renewal and manage the marine space. Information on the location of fish essential habitats and specifically of fish spawning grounds is still lacking for many harvested species.The reference data to map fish distribution and identify spawning grounds are scientific survey data. These data benefit from a standardized sampling protocol. However, due to their costs, they also generally suffer from a low sampling density in space and time. In particular, they generally occur once or twice a year and they may mismatch fish reproduction.Commercial declarations combined with Vessel Monitoring System data could prove highly valuable to complement the information brought by scientific survey data as fishermen landings provide information on the full year with a much denser sampling density. In this PhD, we developed an integrated statistical framework that allows to combine commercial and scientific data sources to infer fish distribution in space and time. Our approach accounts for fishermen targeting behavior towards areas of higher biomass (preferential sampling) and allows to infer fine scale species distribution based on spatially aggregated declarations data (change of support). We demonstrate the ability of the framework to produce monthly maps of fish distribution and to identify aggregation areas during reproduction season. We also outline the potential applications of the framework for Marine Spatial Planning and discuss several extensions that could be added to the actual model
Néel, Dominique. "Caracterisation des oligosaccharides n-lies d'antigenes hla-dr et de leurs cellules vectrices : contribution a l'etude des facteurs influencant la n-glycosylation." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077138.
Повний текст джерелаAmelot, Vincent. "Améliorer la prise en charge des patients et de leurs parents dans les essais cliniques en maladie rare : l'exemple de l'ataxie de Friedreich." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB020/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Europe, a disease is defined as rare if it affects less than one person in 2000, which represents less than 30,000 people in France. There are estimated to be more than 7000 rare diseases worldwide, two-thirds of which have a significant impact on patients'health and quality of life. Recent studies reveal experiences that may be specific to people with rare diseases, including a desire for more information on the advances in research and the physiological mechanisms of their diseases, ; or the establishment of collaborative rather than hierarchical relationships with the medical profession. Although clinical trials in rare diseases often represent a hope for these patients, they could also constitute a difficult confrontation with their disease and the scientific and medical imperatives introduced by the research situation. Our objective was to study the experience of a clinical trial by patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA), a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes a progressive loss of autonomy in daily life, and by their parents. We conducted three studies respectively during, at the end of and following a randomized double-blind clinical trial (ACTFRIE) in 38 patients aged from 7 to 24 years and, for some, their parents. We sought to determine the evolution of quality of life in FA during two years of clinical trials (Qualifrie study), the experience's characteristics of a clinical trial in patients and their parents (M24 study), and the expectations of patients and, for some, their parents, regarding the results of the clinical trial in which they participated (Friecom study). The results of the Qualifrie study show us that participation in a clinical trial can have a positive, transient effect on the psychic quality of life for patients, without any improvement in the physical state of the patients, or any improvement in their impressions about it. M24 study provides important reflections on the psychological positioning of patients and their parents in these clinical trials, particularly in terms of "demand" for care, rather than "voluntarism"; and suggests points of vigilance for investigators of future trials to ensure that patients have a fully free and informed consent agreement. Finally, the results of the Friecom study highlight the need for both global and individual results to be delivered to patients and/or their parents in clinical trials; and the strong interest of this rare disease population in providing scientific information about their disease. Overall, this work highlights the need to take into account the specificities of the clinical trial experience of rare disease patients, their needs and expectations. It also suggests improvements in terms of pre-trial precautions to be taken by investigators. This includes finding the right match between the expectations of the participants and the aims of the study. Therefore, this work underlines the necessity of the psychologist's presence in clinical trials in rare diseases, as a privileged and essential professional, ensuring the link between the care teams and patients (or potential participants) and/or accompanying parents. Several perspectives for future research are discussed, especially because of the particular context of rare diseases, which seems to be insufficiently explored in the scientific literature, particularly in psychology; whereas it would clearly benefit from the viewpoint and recommendations of a large part of the fields of the human and social sciences
Debs, Obayda. "Impact du résidu voisin sur le pKa des peptides et leurs mobilités en électrophorèse capillaire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18330.
Повний текст джерелаAll theoretical, mathematical and empirical models used to evaluate the electrophoretic mobilities of peptides use three basic parameters: the peptide mass, its number of residues (its length) and its charge. However, all models have a common flaw: the charge parameter (q). When estimating this variable, the use of approximations for the ionization constants (pKa) leads to imprecise values for the calculation. One solution is to limit the development of mobility models to only low pH and assume full protonation of all acidic and basic groups. In order to understand the effect of the neighboring amino acid (a.a.) residue on the terminal carboxylate and amine functions of a peptide (Cʹ et Nʹ), the pKa values of multiple series of peptides were determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using an optimized method. The peptides studied were of the form Z-X and X-Z, where X was one or multiple variable residues and Z was an invariable residue such as phenylalanine, glycine or alanine. The core of this project consisted of determining the actual Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values for 69 peptides to elucidate the effect of their immediate microenvironment. i.e., the effect of their nearest neighbor. This systematic compilation of pKa’s is an approach that is rarely used. With these values on hand, the uncertainty of the ionisation constant that most authors face is almost eliminated and the analysis of the electrophoretic behavior of peptides can be enhanced. For the peptides studied, we observed that increasing the hydrophobicity of residue X lead to a decrease in Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values, but to different degrees depending on the terminal residue (Z) studied. Hydrophilic X residues possess charged or highly polar side-chains, which influenced Cʹ and Nʹ ionisations to a greater degree than hydrophobic X residues. Additionally, the elongation of a peptide from one to six residues, such as the oligoglycine series studied, lead to an increase in pKa-Cʹ and a decrease in pKa-Nʹ, which might be explained by a diminishing electrostatic interaction between the Cʹ and Nʹ functional groups. These results illustrate that the Cʹ and Nʹ pKa values for peptides are not accurate when based solely on the identity of the Cʹ and Nʹ a.a. residues, which is the classical way peptide charge is estimated for modeling not only mobilities but also chemical and biological reactivity. Potentiometric titration of dipeptides produced pKa values that were compared to pKa’s determined by CE. Significant discrepancies were obtained which brought to light the necessity of rigorously controlling experimental protocols when comparing results obtained with two techniques. Mobility data for high and low pHs were calculated using experimental and literature tabulated pKa values to estimate charge and to therefore understand the benefit gained when applying the Offord mobility model. Finally, simulations of separating 9 peptides by CE were carried out with the computer program PeakMaster and compared with experimental results. This showed the utility and superiority of our cumulated pKa values versus the most widely cited approximate pKa values from the literature.
Bedard, F. "Les determinants, et leurs effets, de la politique optimale du taux de change. Un survol de la theorie et un test empirique." Thèse, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1278.
Повний текст джерелаArsenault, Sarah. "Conceptions des groupes œuvrant à l’ouverture d’une école publique alternative quant aux facteurs qui favorisent ou contraignent leurs démarches auprès des autorités scolaires." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20471.
Повний текст джерелаHmimssa, Azeddine. "Ethnographie de la citoyenneté en périodes de tension au sein de groupes catholiques, musulmans et sécularisés et dans leurs relations mutuelles." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21134.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Flah Anis. "Essai de synthèse des nouveaux modes de légitimation du recours à la force et de leurs relations avec le cadre juridique de la Charte des Nations Unies." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1078/1/M10488.pdf.
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