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Статті в журналах з теми "Lettura lineare"
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Tagliagambe, Silvano. "Strategie per la riqualificazione urbana." TERRITORIO, no. 56 (March 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2011-056001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Di fronte alla crisi dell'urbanistica razional-comprensiva, intesa come di passaggio lineare dalla pianificazione all'attuazione, č opportuno riferirsi al pensiero di Musil e Wittegenstein. Entrambi riflettono sulla connessione tra eventi e sulla concatenazione tra ‘cose', non dominate da alcuna legge; la lettura della realtŕ che ne emerge č quella di un patchwork di microcosmi, frutto di risposte parziali e di rappresentazioni alternative degli stati di cose. Lavorare sull'idea di progetto, significa operare sulle categorie a cui essa č principalmente incardinata, quelle di spazio e di tempo, in modo di produrre piů immagini possibili secondo l'approccio concettuale proposto da Florenskij. A partire dalla distinzione tra spazio e spazialitŕ, occorre pensare lo spazio in tutte le sue possibili modalitŕ e tipologie, mettendo in evidenza la sua ‘condizione di possibilitŕ' attraverso una rinnovata percezione degli insediamenti urbani.
2
Nagy, Benedek, and Friedrich Otto. "Linear automata with translucent letters and linear context-free trace languages." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 54 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2020002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Linear automata with translucent letters are studied. These are finite-state acceptors that have two heads that read the input from opposite sides and for which a set of translucent letters is associated with each state. Thus, head 1, which proceeds from left to right, does not necessarily read the first letter of the current tape content, but it skips a prefix that consists of translucent letters only and reads the first letter after that prefix. Analogously, head 2, which proceeds from right to left, does not necessarily read the last letter, but it skips a suffix that consists of translucent letters only and reads the last letter before that. After such a read operation, the head always returns to its corresponding end of the tape. These linear automata with translucent letters are a generalization of the finite-state acceptors with translucent letters that were studied by the authors in B. Nagy and F. Otto [Finite-state acceptors with translucent letters. In BILC 2011, Proc., edited by G. Bel-Enguix, V. Dahl, and A.O. De La Pente, SciTePress, Portugal (2011) 3-13.] It is shown that these linear automata are strictly more expressive than the model with a single head, but that they still only accept languages that have a semi-linear Parikh image. On the other hand, we obtain a characterization for the class of linear context-free trace languages in terms of a specific class of linear automata with translucent letters.
3
Jarjis, Thamir A., and Yahya Q. I. Al-Fadhili. "Linear equation for text cryptography using letters' coordinates." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp548-553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The linear encryption such as Caesar, mono-alphabetic are used to solve the encryption problem in different fields. This module usually encrypts any letter to exact and one corresponding letter. With advanced technologies in computers, these algorithms seem not to be high level secure. This paper proposed a secure encryption algorithm using modified linear encryption by considering the letters’ positions of the plaintext body. Two advantages the proposed algorithm has against traditional ones. First, the cryptography procedures are simple and secure. Secondly, it has higher security because of the non- ingrained nature of poly-alphabetic for substitution. Consequently, the plaintext body is considered as a 2-D matrix, such that, each letter has two coordinates, the ith and jth. These procedures depend on substituting the coordinates of the letter into a linear equation to provide a different substitution letter. The performance of these procedures showed better and robust results by applying the frequency analysis test for this proposed algorithm evaluating.
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Rivera, Diego, Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa, Wim Van der Elst, Isabel Gonzalez, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales, Ana Ivis Peñalver Guia, Alberto Rodriguez-Lorenzana, Javier Galarza-del-Angel, María José Irías Escher, and Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla. "Regression-Based Normative Data for Children From Latin America: Phonological Verbal Fluency Letters M, R, and P." Assessment 28, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119897122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is part of a larger project to generate norms for letter verbal fluency test (VFT) in 3,284 children from nine Latin American countries. The letter VFT (letters M, R, and P) was administered and multiple linear regressions, including age, age2, MPE (mean parental education), MPE2, sex, and interactions were used as predictors. Results showed significant differences across countries for all scores. Age affected scores linearly except for Ecuador (P-letter), in which a quadratic effect was found. Scores increased linearly as a function of MPE, with the exception of Mexico (R-letter), in which a quadratic effect was found. Age by MPE (M- and P-letters), and age by MPE2 (R-letter) interactions were found in Mexico. Sex had an impact on letter R in Cuba, and letter P in Ecuador and Paraguay. Age2 by sex interaction was found in Ecuador (P-letter). These norms will be useful for clinical neuropsychologists in these countries to evaluate their patients’ verbal fluency.
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Fiset, Daniel, Frédéric Gosselin, Caroline Blais, and Martin Arguin. "Inducing Letter-by-letter Dyslexia in Normal Readers." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 9 (September 2006): 1466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder characterized by very slow reading and a large linear word length effect. This suggests the use of a sequential LBL strategy, in sharp contrast with the parallel letter processing used by normal subjects. Recently, we have proposed that the reading difficulty of LBL dyslexics is due to a deficit in discriminating visually similar letters based on parallel letter processing [Arguin, M., Fiset, S., & Bub, D. Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, 535–555, 2002]. The visual mechanisms underlying this deficit and the LBL strategy, however, are still unknown. In this article, we propose that LBL dyslexic patients have lost the ability to use, for parallel letter processing, the optimal spatial frequency band for letter and word recognition. We claim that, instead, they rely on lower spatial frequencies for parallel processing, that these lower spatial frequencies produce confusions between visually similar letters, and that the LBL compensatory strategy allows them to extract higher spatial frequencies. The LBL strategy would thus increase the spatial resolution of the visual system, effectively resolving the issue pertaining to between-letter similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we succeeded in replicating the main features characterizing LBL dyslexia by having normal individuals read low-contrast, high-pass-filtered words. Experiment 3, conducted in LBL dyslexic L.H., shows that, indeed, the letter confusability effect is based on low spatial frequencies, whereas this effect was not supported by high spatial frequencies.
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Rybakov, Mikhail, and Dmitry Shkatov. "Algorithmic properties of first-order modal logics of linear Kripke frames in restricted languages." Journal of Logic and Computation 31, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 1266–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exab030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We study the algorithmic properties of first-order monomodal logics of frames $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}, < \rangle $, $\langle \mathbb {Q}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle \mathbb {Q}, < \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}, < \rangle $, as well as some related logics, in languages with restrictions on the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters. We show that the logics of frames based on $ {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}$ are $\varPi ^1_1$-hard—thus, not recursively enumerable—in languages with two individual variables, one monadic predicate letter and one proposition letter. We also show that the logics of frames based on $\mathbb {Q}$ and ${\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}$ are $\varSigma ^0_1$-hard in languages with the same restrictions. Similar results are obtained for a number of related logics.
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Mahmudah, Sintia, Lisda Widiastuti, and Siti Ernawati. "Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengarsipan Surat Masuk Dan Surat Keluar (Studi Kasus : Ma Darul Ihya Bogor)." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i3.1215.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At MA Darul Ihya Bogor correspondence is an important means of communication. One of the problems in managing letters at the MA Darul Ihya Bogor is the inefficient filing of mail data that still uses a manual system. With the number of incoming letters and outgoing letters each meeting makes a letter that is in the archive so that the search becomes inefficient because not all files are arranged properly. One effort to overcome this problem is to create an in and outgoing mail management information system. The research method used in this study is the method of Lifecycle Development (SDLC) with the Waterfall model. The waterfall model (waterfall) is often also called a linear sequential (linear sequential) model. The results of this study are to make this site-based management information system can facilitate business administration in the process of inputting incoming and outgoing mail data, searching for incoming and outgoing mail data, making reports of incoming and outgoing mail data producing the required information quickly and accurately.
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SABER, Kifah Jumaah Hafth. "THE CONTROVERSY OF ROOTING AND CONTRASTING ONE-LETTER FORMATIONS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of rooting and renewal in Arabic calligraphy is linked to the calligrapher’s need to show new aesthetic methods, through formations and calligraphic structures based on a single letter. The perceptual vision of the calligrapher, so this research was concerned with studying the rooting and renewal of the rule of the single letter in the formations of Arabic calligraphy in particular, which included four chapters, the first chapter included the research problem, its importance, objectives, limits and definition of its terms. As for the second chapter, it deals with tracing the concept of rooting and renewal and its connection with the artist and the possession of the idea and the ability to technical aesthetic expression, through the one-letter linear formations made by calligraphers, relying on the spatial organization and choosing the appropriate letter for the composition. The analysis concluded with a number of results that were devoted to the fourth chapter, which showed rooting, renewal, acceptance of decorative and different aesthetic formations in structural structures, and investing some characteristics of letters to arrange and divide the linear structure into creative forms and structures.
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Simmonds, Jess, Karina L. Allen, Caitlin B. O’Hara, Savani Bartholdy, Beth Renwick, Alexandra Keyes, Anna Lose, et al. "Therapist written goodbye letters: evidence for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (March 17, 2020): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackground:Despite their use in clinical practice, there is little evidence to support the use of therapist written goodbye letters as therapeutic tools. However, preliminary evidence suggests that goodbye letters may have benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).Aims:This study aimed to examine whether therapist written goodbye letters were associated with improvements in body mass index (BMI) and eating disorder symptomology in patients with AN after treatment.Method:Participants were adults with AN (n = 41) who received The Maudsley Model of Anorexia Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) in a clinical trial evaluating two AN out-patient treatments. As part of MANTRA, therapists wrote goodbye letters to patients. A rating scheme was developed to rate letters for structure and quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between goodbye letter scores and outcomes after treatment.Results:Higher quality letters and letters that adopted a more affirming stance were associated with greater improvements in BMI at 12 months. Neither the overall quality nor the style of goodbye letters were associated with improvements in BMI at 24 months or reductions in eating disorder symptomology at either 12 or 24 months.Conclusions:The results highlight the potential importance of paying attention to the overall quality of therapist written goodbye letters in the treatment of AN, and adopting an affirming stance.
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Cahyani, Septa, Rita Wiryasaputra, and Rendra Gustriansyah. "Identifikasi Huruf Kapital Tulisan Tangan Menggunakan Linear Discriminant Analysis dan Euclidean Distance." JURNAL SISTEM INFORMASI BISNIS 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21456/vol8iss1pp57-67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human ability to recognize a variety of objects, however complex the object, is the special ability that humans possess. Any normal human will have no difficulty in recognizing handwriting objects between an author and another author. With the rapid development of digital technology, the human ability to recognize handwriting objects has been applied in a program known as Computer Vision. This study aims to create identification system different types of handwriting capital letters that have different sizes, thickness, shape, and tilt (distinctive features in handwriting) using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Euclidean Distance methods. LDA is used to obtain characteristic characteristics of the image and provide the distance between the classes becomes larger, while the distance between training data in one class becomes smaller, so that the introduction time of digital image of handwritten capital letter using Euclidean Distance becomes faster computation time (by searching closest distance between training data and data testing). The results of testing the sample data showed that the image resolution of 50x50 pixels is the exact image resolution used for data as much as 1560 handwritten capital letter data compared to image resolution 25x25 pixels and 40x40 pixels. While the test data and training data testing using the method of 10-fold cross validation where 1404 for training data and 156 for data testing showed identification of digital image handwriting capital letter has an average effectiveness of the accuracy rate of 75.39% with the average time computing of 0.4199 seconds.
Дисертації з теми "Lettura lineare"
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De, Bruijn Oscar. "The exterior-letter advantage in linear multi-letter arrays." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When linear arrays of unrelated letters (e.g., 'sfdthnc') are presented tachistoscopically centred across a fixation point, letters presented at exterior positions (e.g., 's----c') aregenerally reported more accurately than letters presented in interior positions. This "exterior-letter advantage" suggests that processing is more efficient for exterior letters than for interior letters. Previous researchers have argued that the exterior-letter advantage can be fully accounted for by the influences of lateral interference and mask configuration. However, the processes responsible for the exterior-letter advantage are far from resolved, despite the robustness of the phenomenon and its occurrence in numerous investigations into visual information processing. The experiments reported in this study investigated the role of lateral interference and backward pattern masking in the exterior-letter advantage. To investigate the role of lateral interference, performance was compared across complete 7-letter arrays and arrays in which the presence and proximity of flanking letters was varied by (i) presenting only exterior letters and their immediately flanking interior letter, (ii) varying the number blank letter-spaces by which these letter-pairs were separated, (iii) varying the nature of the characters presented in these displays, and (iv) presenting each exterior/interior letter-pair in isolation. The role of backward pattern masking was investigated (i) using different mask configurations which either matched or exceeded the left and right boundaries of complete letter arrays, and (ii) using masks which overlay only the positions of each exterior/interior letter-pair. The findings indicate that while lateral interference and mask configuration each played a part, neither an imbalance in the number of immediately flanking letters for interior and exterior letters nor mask configuration can entirely account for the exterior-letter advantage.
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BLASI, RUGGERO. "Testi non lineari e lettura ipertestuale : progettazione di artefatti comunicativi sinsemici per testi in ambiente digitale." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278681.
Повний текст джерела
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Carlsson, Lázaro Donizete. "Um mergulho não-linear nas águas do ensino superior em Letras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-30112007-155536/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dentre os vários instrumentos utilizados pelo governo federal - em parte, ligados às políticas neoliberais de administração pública -, o Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC) surgiu, em 1995, com a finalidade de manter um certo controle sobre o sistema educacional superior. Na intenção de delimitarmos o produto, isto é, as filiações discursivas repassadas pelo mercado vinculado a esse tipo de formação, constituímos um corpus de pesquisa por meio da produção escrita do formando em Letras, alvo do ENC/2001, e realizamos uma análise fundamentada na teoria da(s) heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s) (Authier-Revuz, 1980 : 2004, 1982 : 2004, 1984 : 1990, 1998). Tal teoria nos auxilia a circunscrever o(s) outro(s) que surge(m) no discurso desse formando, futuro professor de língua materna, delimitando suas filiações discursivas. A partir da análise, concluímos que tais filiações emergentes do seu texto não se resumem somente àquelas vistas em sala de aula - como a Gramática Tradicional e a Lingüística, por exemplo -, mas também àquelas fornecidas pela própria questão do ENC/Letras/2001. A apropriação de elementos dados pela própria questão evidencia uma certa superficialidade no tratamento dos conteúdos, demonstrando uma tendência do formando a buscar informações de fácil apreensão, mas de pouca durabilidade.Among the several instruments used by the federal government - partly, linked to the neoliberal politics of public administration -, the Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC) appeared in 1995 with the purpose of maintaining a certain control on the higher education system. In the intention delimiting the product, that is, the discoursive filiations reviewed by the market linked to that formation type, we have constituted a research corpus through the written production of the forming in Letters, target of ENC/2001, and we have accomplished an analysis based in the theory of the enunciative heterogeneities (Authier-Revuz, 1980: 2004, 1982: 2004, 1984: 1990, 1998). Such theory aids us to bound the other(s) that appear(s) in the speech of that forming, future teacher of maternal language, delimiting his/her discoursive filiations. Starting from the analysis, we have concluded that such emerging filiations of his/her text are not only summarized to those views in classroom - as the Traditional Grammar and the Linguistics, for example - but also those supplied by the own subject of ENC/Letters/2001. The appropriation of elements given by the own subject evidences a certain superficiality in the treatment of the contents and demonstrates a tendency of the forming looking for information of easy apprehension but of little durability.
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Brito, Anna Luiza Bizerra de. "Classificação de alfaces e barras de cereais a partir da espectroscopia NIR e análise discriminante linear." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-03Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The search for a better quality of life has led to increased consumption of foods with fewer calories, high in fiber and vitamins, and obtained from different forms of cultivation. Amid these foods, there are cereal bars and lettuce, foods that are easily accessible, widely consumed and have high nutritional values. Like any other food, require efficient methods that can ensure its quality. Thus, the need for rapid, accurate analytical methods and low cost, which can help to identify and classify these foods safely arises. Within this perspective, this paper makes use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) combined with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to classify samples of cereal bars and lettuce. A total of 121 samples of cereal bars, three distinct types (conventional, diet and light) and 104 samples of three different types of lettuce cultivation (conventional, organic and hydroponic) was used. The acquisition of the spectra was made on equipment Spectrum 400 (Perkin Elmer) with accessory NIRA (Near Infrared Reflectance Acessory) in the range 10000 - 4000 cm-1. Classification models were constructed by combining the LDA algorithms and variable selection: Stepwise (SW), Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Strategies for pre - processing data were evaluated and the efficiency of the models was determined from the of correct classification rate (CCR) for the full set of samples and the test set. For both matrices the model that generated a better CCR was the GA-LDA valued 95% to matrix of the cereal bars and 97.1 % for array of lettuces, both based on the total set of samples (training, validation and testing). Regarding the set of test models presented results of CCR with performance of 90.3 % and 95.4 % for matrices of cereal bars and lettuce respectively.
A busca por uma melhor qualidade de vida tem levado ao aumento do consumo de alimentos com menos calorias, ricos em fibras e vitaminas, e obtidos de formas de cultivo diferenciadas. Em meio a esses alimentos, encontram-se as barras de cereais e as alfaces, que são alimentos de fácil acesso, muito consumidos e que possuem altos valores nutricionais. Como qualquer outro alimento, necessitam de métodos eficientes que possam assegurar sua qualidade. Assim, surge a necessidade de métodos analíticos rápidos, precisos e de baixo custo, que possam ajudar a identificar e classificar com segurança a esses alimentos. Dentro desta perspectiva, este trabalho faz uso da Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Próximo (NIR) aliada a Análise Discriminante Linear (LDA) para classificar amostras de barras de cereais e alfaces. Um total de 121 amostras de barras de cereais, de três tipos distintos (convencional, diet e light) e 104 amostras de alface de três diferentes tipos de cultivo (convencional, orgânico e hidropônico) foi utilizado. A aquisição dos espectros foi feita no equipamento Spectrum 400 (Perkin Elmer) com acessório NIRA (Near Infrared Reflectance Acessory) na faixa de 10.000 a 4.000 cm-1. Modelos de classificação foram construídos através da associação da LDA e algoritmos de seleção de variáveis: Stepwise (SW), Algoritmo das Projeções Sucessivas (SPA) e Algoritmo Genético (GA). Estratégias de pré-processamento de dados foram avaliadas e a eficiência dos modelos foi determinada em relação à taxa de classificação correta (TCC), para o conjunto total das amostras e para o conjunto de teste. Para as duas matrizes o modelo que gerou um melhor TCC foi o GA-LDA com valor de 95% para matriz das barras de cereais e 97,1% para matriz das alfaces, ambos baseados no conjunto total das amostras (treinamento, validação e teste). Em relação ao conjunto de teste os modelos apresentaram resultados de TCC com desempenho de 90,3% e 95,4% para as matrizes das barras de cereais e alfaces respectivamente.
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CARIOLI, STEFANIA. "Nel labirinto dei link. Dai “vincoli” della linearità alla complessità della lettura online." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1036172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis of the transformations occurring in the world of reading and the comparison between traditional reading and online reading are the central themes of this research. If, in a certain historical and cultural season, reading hypertext has seemed to correspond to a more active role of the reader, to his release from the "constraints" presumably cumbersome linear texts, a growing body of empirical data found that the hypertextual formats, often results in disorientation and cognitive overload. The latest studies on the online reading comprehension confirm these early findings and reveal further complexities related to the typical features of the Web.
By combining a thoughtful intent and a more operational way, this analysis focuses on the processes involved in the new form of online reading, coming finally to explore the effects of using a metacognitive technique (Think Aloud) to teach to move strategically on the Internet. In many respects, the results of this study have confirmed the validity of a program for online reading teaching once the young reader has passed the stage of '"learning to read" and has made entry into the the "reading to learn." It is, now, to further expand this knowledge base.L'analisi delle trasformazioni intervenute nell'universo del leggere e il confronto fra lettura tradizionale e lettura del corpus ipertestuale online sono i temi centrali di questa ricerca.
Se, in una certa stagione storico-culturale, la lettura di ipertesti è sembrata corrispondere a un ruolo più attivo del lettore, a una sua liberazione dai “vincoli” presumibilmente ingombranti dei testi lineari, una mole crescente di dati empirici ha rilevato che l'organizzazione in forma reticolare, spesso, si traduce in disorientamento e maggiore impegno cognitivo. Gli studi più recenti sulla comprensione della lettura dei testi online confermano tali prime evidenze e svelano ulteriori complessità legate alle tipicità del Web.
Abbinando un intento teorico e riflessivo a un proposito di carattere più operativo, l'analisi si sofferma sui processi implicati nella nuova forma di lettura, giungendo infine a esplorare gli effetti dell'uso di una tecnica metacognitiva per insegnare a muoversi strategicamente in rete. Gli esiti di questo studio hanno, per molti aspetti, confermato la validità di un percorso che prevede un insegnamento all'elaborazione dei testi online una volta che il giovane lettore ha superato la fase dell'“imparare a leggere” e ha fatto ingresso in quella del “leggere per imparare”. Si tratta, adesso, di ampliare ulteriormente questa base conoscitiva.
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SBARBATI, Claudia. "LE STRAGI E LO STATO. NARRAZIONI SU CARTA DELLO STRAGISMO ITALIANO:CRONACA, MEMORIA E STORIA." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oggetto del presente studio è la narrazione pubblica delle stragi degli anni Settanta, realizzata attraverso il filtro della carta stampata di ieri e di oggi. In particolare, le stragi delle quali è stato ricostruito il pubblico racconto sono quelle di Milano (12 dicembre 1969), di Brescia (28 maggio 1974) e di Bologna (2 agosto 1980).
L’interesse di ricerca è nato dalla percezione di un vuoto storiografico rispetto all’“impressione di realtà” - quindi all’immaginario - che nel corso dei decenni quotidiani e periodici nazionali hanno edificato riguardo allo stragismo neofascista.
In generale, l’eversione di destra – seppur oggetto di preziosi studi - è stata meno analizzata rispetto a quella di sinistra e quello che è divenuto il cosiddetto “caso Moro”, perché sovente stigmatizzata come subalterna allo Stato e quindi priva di una sua dimensione particolare.
È esattamente in questo spazio che la ricerca s’inserisce, guardando alla storia d’Italia attraverso l’interpretazione dello stragismo offerta dall’informazione a stampa.
La scelta della fonte giornalistica come fonte storica per analizzare le categorie interpretative e i quadri di riferimento messi a disposizione dell’opinione pubblica, ha richiesto di tenere in considerazione gli elementi distintivi del giornalismo italiano e i suoi rapporti con il contesto politico nazionale coevo alle stragi, con attenzione anche per i cambiamenti occorsi nel tempo nel mondo dell’informazione e nel panorama internazionale, definendo un arco temporale che dal 1969 giunge sino al 2017. Inoltre, gli scenari politici sovranazionali della Guerra Fredda sono costantemente richiamati in virtù dell’intima connessione fra eversione di destra, forze dell’ordine e servizi di sicurezza italiani da un lato, ed equilibri geopolitici internazionali dall’altro.
Si è scelto di attingere a numerose testate nazionali per dare conto delle diverse linee editoriali, delle molteplici caratterizzazioni politiche delle stesse, dei differenti stili comunicativi e della pluralità di lettori cui ogni quotidiano o periodico è destinato.
Fra gli archivi storici più attenzionati emergono quelli del “Corriere della Sera”, “La Stampa”,“la Repubblica”, “L’Unità”, “Il Giorno”, “La Notte”, “La Nazione”, “L’Avanti!”, “il Manifesto”, “Lotta Continua”, “Umanità Nova”, “Il Popolo”, “il Secolo d’Italia”, “Candido” e “il Borghese”.
A ogni strage è stato dedicato uno specifico capitolo in cui sono introdotti i fatti e gli esiti giudiziari, analizzate le prime reazioni della stampa, ricostruiti gli anni dei processi e la ricezione delle sentenze, sino a riproporre l’eco pubblica delle opere che nel corso dei decenni sono intervenute sul tema.
Gli articoli di cronaca e gli editoriali di approfondimento analizzati permettono di vagliare la riproposizione su carta delle versioni ufficiali delle forze dell’ordine, della magistratura e della politica; le memorie dei protagonisti degli eventi e l’analisi offerta dagli opinion makers che di volta in volta hanno raccontato le stragi dell’Italia repubblicana (giornalisti, storici, magistrati, scienziati sociali).
L’ultimo capitolo è stato invece dedicato al problema della Memoria e dei suoi rapporti con la Storia, analizzando la produzione memorialistica degli ex terroristi, delle vittime di prima, seconda e terza generazione, sino al tema della riconciliazione e della pacificazione.
Si è dunque ricostruito il dibattito sviluppatosi “a caldo” ed “ex post”, nella consapevolezza che l’informazione e la comunicazione pubblica della Storia sono fondamentali per la storicizzazione del passato traumatico della Nazione.
Книги з теми "Lettura lineare"
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Winfried, Achterberg, and Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society., eds. The Phaistos disc: A Luwian letter to Nestor. Amsterdam: Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society, 2004.
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Dessì, Giuseppe, and Enrico Falqui. Lettere 1935-1972. Edited by Alberto Baldi. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-771-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poco più di 150 pezzi epistolari, provenienti dagli archivi novecenteschi di Firenze e di Roma, pubblicati per la prima volta grazie all’attenta trascrizione di Alberto Baldi, consentono non solo di ricostruire la storia di un’amicizia nata intorno alle pagine dei giornali e consolidatasi nel tempo fino a coinvolgere le compagne dei due interlocutori (Gianna Manzini, Lina Baraldi e Luisa Babini), ma di seguire la presenza di Giuseppe Dessí su uno dei quotidiani più letti nella capitale. La corrispondenza editoriale (precocemente avviata da un Falqui animatore di cultura) si trasforma ben presto – tramite picchi di frequenza: dal ’48 al ’58 – nella consulenza di un lettore solidale a cui va il merito di avere fatto proseguire, nonostante i dissensi politici per la linea conservatrice del «Tempo», una collaborazione che avrebbe nutrito alcune delle più significative raccolte di racconti dello scrittore. Chiudono il libro trentotto testi narrativi di Dessí dispersi sulla «terza pagina», mai prima d’ora recuperati in volume.
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Schreiber, Guido. Il disegno lineare: Corso pratico per artisti e industriali e specialmente per le scuole tecniche normali e professionali. Versione italiana riveduta e ... Con una lettera di Pietro Estense Selvatico. Adamant Media Corporation, 2001.
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Rasia, Carlo. La crisi della motivazione nel processo civile. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg283.
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La crisi della motivazione diventa un nuovo e diverso fenomeno di “patologia giudiziaria”, in quanto i rimedi apprestati dalle recenti riforme normative – sulla struttura, sul contenuto e sul controllo motivazionale delle sentenze – non riescono a fornire una soluzione al problema generale dell’aumento del carico giudiziario, il quale continua a trovare il principale “collo di bottiglia” nel momento della redazione della parte motiva della decisione. L’idea di riconoscere uno stretto legame tra completezza argomentativa e correttezza della motivazione – frutto di una cultura crociana ispirata all’eleganza estetico-letteraria – non risulta più attuale ed è destinata al tramonto, poiché non giova innanzitutto all’efficacia e ai tempi della giustizia. Si sta facendo oggi avanti l’idea di una motivazione che punta più al rafforzamento del proprio profilo funzionale che di quello formale: flessibile, deformalizzata ed improntata a conciliare i bisogni di effettività della tutela delle parti con le esigenze di efficienza del sistema. Si cerca, infatti, di rendere una motivazione comprensibile ed idonea ad esplicitare il ragionamento decisorio ma, al contempo, di giungere alla conclusione della lite in tempi ragionevoli. In questo volume, l’autore, dopo un’attenta analisi della disciplina vigente e della giurisprudenza di legittimità, propone una lettura sistematica della motivazione all’interno di una più ampia visione del nostro sistema processuale contemporaneo, giungendo al risultato che essa è, da un lato, in crisi, ma dall’altro, comincia a rinascere a nuova vita, ponendosi più in linea con le molteplici forme e contenuti che caratterizzano oggi la decisione giudiziaria. Un costrutto motivazionale, dunque, sempre più vicino a un processo civile prossimo a lasciare modelli rigidi per schemi flessibili e semplificati, nel quale si affida al giudice e alla sua sensibilità il potere di calibrare anche il momento decisorio, rendendolo più aderente allo scopo del singolo processo
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Willson, Brian, and Robert Farris Thompson. In Search of Ancient Kings. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496834461.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book offers a rare glimpse into the Egúngún Society of Brazil, the Yorùbá-based society of ancestor worship, venerated through invocation of ritually clothed spirits. Existing contemporaneously with the tradition of Candomblé, the work posits that the cult’s survival since slave times is a miracle of retention. Thriving initially only on the island of Itaparica, its geographical isolation enabled the society to maintain its ritual orthodoxy. Egúngún has historically been labeled masquerades, but the text argues against the use of this term. In three parts, the book first presents the author’s experiences and edited field notes from Brazil, a bold attempt to document the transmission of a West African indigenous heritage through the lens of a participant, culminating in the author’s initiation at a sanctioned temple in Rio de Janeiro. The text outlines the author’s forty-year involvement with African Diasporic religious traditions. Part two is a necessary historical overview of Egúngún in Yorùbáland and Brazil; the text compares and contrasts the society on both continents, supporting the thesis of African continuity. Part three is an historical reconstruction of Egúngún ritual lineages of Itaparica from the early 1800’s, and an interview with the author’s godfather, a high-ranking Ojé, who was initiated into Egúngún heritage through a prophetic letter from his grandfather whom he never met. The book argues for the propagation of Egúngún as a crucial element in African Diaspora spiritual practices, as perpetuated by the author’s original godmother in the US. The text contains affecting Yorùbá devotional poetry, and multiple photographs.
Частини книг з теми "Lettura lineare"
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Andre, Yves, and Francis Bossut. "Decidability of equivalence for linear letter to letter top-down tree transducers." In Fundamentals of Computation Theory, 142–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57163-9_10.
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2
Gribaudo, Greta. "Il filo d’inchiostro della scrittura e della mappa. La stilizzazione riduttiva, il grafismo lineare e l’indagine planare della città nella scrittura ecfrastica di Italo Calvino." In Studi e ricerche del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, 415–39. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-688-1.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Per Italo Calvino un testo è come un disegno, una mappa del reale: una rappresentazione mimetica ma sintetica del mondo in grado di ridurne la complessità e di fornirne una visione d’insieme per potervisi orientare. In un percorso attraverso le pagine ecfrastiche dello scrittore si analizzeranno le qualità condivise dalla scrittura e dalla mappa finalizzate a rendere le cose visibili: grafismo lineare e stilizzazione riduttiva.
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De Cesare, Chiara. "Una mappatura delle Lettere di Ariosto: carte dell’Archivio di Stato di Lucca." In Studi e ricerche del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, 25–45. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-688-1.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il saggio propone una mappatura del copialettere dell’Archivio di Stato di Lucca, fondo Anziani al Tempo della Libertà, 541, 3 per la parte relativa ai documenti ariosteschi e di altri personaggi in dialogo con Lucca. Dal carteggio di Ariosto e da alcune testimonianze collaterali emergono le principali linee di intervento contro i banditi. Al testo è postposta un’appendice di materiali inediti.
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Haschemi Yekani, Elahe. "Digressions: Sancho and Sterne." In Familial Feeling, 123–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58641-6_3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractArtifice and authenticity are conflictingly related in the extroverted and stylised displays of feeling in the texts of Laurence Sterne and Ignatius Sancho. Whereas Sterne employs aesthetic playfulness to set himself apart from literary predecessors, Sancho uses it to claim a part in the culture of taste and sensibility. This chapter reads Sancho and Sterne’s literary adoption of a digressive tonality distinctly not as imitative but as entangled. The scenes dealing with slavery in Tristram Shandy and A Sentimental Journey are tied into more bawdy episodes. While not necessarily only sentimental, they still elude ideas of political solidarity. Sancho’s interjections of emotional concern in his published letters in turn not only highlight his capacity to feel (as well as his attachment to his family); in adopting the Sternian digressive dash, he does not adhere to the usual linear form of redemptive abolitionist writing and displays a uniquely Black aesthetic voice, albeit one that also reproduces deprecating sentimental tropes. This needs to be read as more than simply epigonic. Sancho’s digressive tone, it will be argued, intervenes more fundamentally into the sentimentalist romance with the cultured, feeling subject of modernity, while Sterne remains more elusive in his aestheticised divagations.
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Samin, Nadav. "The Oracle of al-Wurūd: Ḥamad al-Jāsir’s Genealogical Correspondence." In Of Sand or Soil. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164441.003.0004.
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This chapter follows the lives of Saudi lineage seekers as they weave in and out of Hamad al-Jāsir's letters and their own personal narratives and texts. It first examines al-Jāsir's genealogical volume Jamharat Ansāb al-Usar al-Mutahaddira fī Najd (The Preponderance of the Lineages of the Settled Families of Najd). It then relates the story of one of al-Jāsir's lineage-seeking petitioners, known as Rāshid b. Humayd. Rāshid's story calls attention to the intimate and personal concerns that propel the modern Saudi search for tribal lineages, genealogy between oral culture and textual culture, and the state's sometimes heavy hand in policing the boundaries of public culture in the kingdom.
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Larsen, Lillian I. "The Letter Collection of Isidore of Pelusium." In Late Antique Letter Collections. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520281448.003.0020.
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With an attributed corpus of two thousand letters the collection of Isidore of Pelusium is the largest surviving epistolary collection from late antiquity, and yet Isidore plays a relatively limited role in popular recountings of the history of Late Antiquity in general and the emergence of Egyptian “desert monasticism” in particular. Isidore may have had a hand in preserving his letters, but the earliest letter collections were probably compiled by Isidore’s disciples, perhaps as a memorial to his ascetic authority. These first collections are roughly dated to the period immediately following Isidore death and were presumably organized and assembled at the monastery where Isidore resided. There is general agreement that a corpus of two thousand letters served as archetype for the principal Greek manuscripts that circulated in the West, and the published editions of Isidore’s letters appear to derive from the earliest of these manuscripts. Here again, however, the trajectory of transmission, albeit well documented, is less than linear.
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Yonemoto, Marcia. "Succession." In The Problem of Women in Early Modern Japan. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520292000.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter looks at the unexpected diversity of women’s roles in determining succession to heirship and preserving family lineages over time. Contrary to common assumptions, the inability to produce an heir biologically by no means condemned a lineage to extinction, or a woman to divorce, due in great part to the prevalence of adoption of heirs. The chapter examines the normative discourse on succession, analyzes statistics on heir adoption, and studies family succession strategies as narrated in the diaries, letters, and memoirs of Inoue Tsūjo, Kuroda Tosako, and Itō Maki.
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Gayley, Holly. "Epilogue." In Love Letters from Golok. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231180528.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Epilogue provides an account of the couple's activities after the publication of Jewel Garland and a summary of Tāre Lhamo's final years as narrated to me by Namtrul Rinpoche. I also translate his final love letter to Tāre Lhamo on the one-year anniversary of her passing. Following that, I bring the reader up to date with developments in their ongoing religious community at Nyenlung Monastery, addressing issue of lineage succession after the passing of Namtrul Rinpoche in 2011, which includes the installment of his son, Tulku Laksam Namdak, as lineage heir and the identification of the reincarnation of Tāre Lhamo in India.
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Gibson, Kate. "Lineage and Kinship." In Illegitimacy, Family, and Stigma in England, 1660-1834, 141—C4.P54. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192867247.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter tests illegitimate inclusion in concepts of lineage and the emotional and instrumental bonds of kinship. Using letters, diaries, wills, and accounts from families across the social scale, the chapter argues that illegitimate individuals’ experience differed most from their legitimate counterparts in terms of access to family property. However, this was counterbalanced by a widespread perception that illegitimate children were deserving of maintenance derived from the personal property of their parents. This separation of family and personal property allowed relatives to simultaneously exclude illegitimate relatives from inheritance, whilst including them in emotional and instrumental kinship obligations. Illegitimate individuals were included in markers of kinship across the social scale, and inclusion operated similarly for mixed-race and white children. Analysis of the illegitimate experience provides important evidence of the boundaries and rationale of kinship. Blood, for example, remained the most important claim to affection and obligation across the century. Proximity was helpful but not essential; individuals who were kept secret and geographically distant from relatives during their childhood were able to trigger the obligations of kinship once their existence was known as adults. There were also changes over the period. In the late seventeenth century families were more concerned about the damage of illegitimacy to collective reputation, and feared illegitimate claims to inheritance. Changes in property inheritance and the marriage laws over the eighteenth century, especially the growth of strict settlement, minimized illegitimate individuals’ ability to contest family inheritance, which allowed them to be incorporated into kinship bonds with relatively little conflict.
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Ikromov, Isroil A., and Detlef Müller. "Improved Estimates by Means of Airy-Type Analysis." In Fourier Restriction for Hypersurfaces in Three Dimensions and Newton Polyhedra (AM-194). Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691170541.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter turns to the proof of a proposition from the previous chapter. Given the operators appearing in that proposition, this chapter establishes the endpoint result thereof by means of Stein's interpolation theorem for analytic families of operators. It constructs analytic families of complex measure μsubscript Greek small letter zeta, for ζ in the complex strip Σ given by 0 ≤ Reζ ≤ 1, by introducing complex coefficients in the sums defining the measures νsubscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V and νsubscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I, respectively. These coefficients are chosen as exponentials of suitable affine-linear expression in ζ in such a way that, in particular, μsubscript Greek small letter theta subscript c = νsubscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I, respectively, μsubscript Greek small letter theta subscript c = νsubscript Greek small letter delta,jsuperscript V I. As it turns out, the main problem consists in establishing suitable uniform bounds for the measure μsubscript Greek small letter zeta when ζ lies on the right boundary line of Σ.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lettura lineare"
1
Solomon, J. A., and D. G. Pelli. "Spatial-frequency channels process text." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.wr.25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We measured contrast thresholds in high- and low-pass noise for identifying letters and detecting gratings. Assuming that squared contrast threshold is proportional to the total noise power passed by a single linear filter (“channel”), we calculated modulation transfer functions for the visual filters underlying the performance of each task. The filters used for letter identification and grating detection are remarkably similar.
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Borodzhieva, Adriana. "MS EXCEL-BASED APPLICATION FOR ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USING THE HILL CIPHER ON THE BASIS OF 2X2-MATRIX AND 64-SYMBOL ALPHABET." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher, invented by Lester Hill in 1929, was the first polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra, which practically processed more than three symbols at once. In the classical Hill cipher, each letter is represented by a number modulo 26. To encrypt a message, each block of n letters (considered as an n-component vector) is multiplied by an invertible matrix of size n×n, again modulus 26. In order to decrypt the message, each block is multiplied by the inverse matrix of the matrix used for encryption. In the paper a modified algorithm for encryption and decryption using the Hill cipher on the basis of 2×2-matrix and 64-symbol alphabet is proposed. Here each symbol (Latin letters, decimal digits and punctuation signs) is represented by a number modulo 64 and all arithmetic operations are done by modulo 64 (the number of letters in the alphabet instead of modulo 26). The paper describes MS EXCEL-based application implementing the processes of encryption and decryption of English texts using the Hill cipher based on the matrix of size 2×2 and 64-symbol alphabet. The processes of encryption and decryption of 6-character words in English are illustrated. Numerous examples obtained by the application developed are presented in the paper. The material is used in the educational process in the course “Telecommunication Security” by students of the specialty “Telecommunication Systems” for the Bachelor degree at the University of Ruse but it can be applied in other disciplines involving issues of cryptographic information protection.
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Ramirez, M., E. Tapia, M. Block, and R. Rojas. "Quantile Linear Algorithm for Robust Binarization of Digitalized Letters." In Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377097.
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Bombach, N., and H. Gans. "Patterns of Co-Linear Equidistant Letter Sequences and Verses." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.919.
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Bombach, N., and H. Gans. "Patterns of Co-Linear Equidistant Letter Sequences and Verses." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.920.
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Bombach, N., and H. Gans. "Patterns of Co-Linear Equidistant Letter Sequences and Verses." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.921.
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Geatti, Luca, Alessandro Gianola, and Nicola Gigante. "Linear Temporal Logic Modulo Theories over Finite Traces." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/366.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper studies Linear Temporal Logic over Finite Traces (LTLf) where proposition letters are replaced with first-order formulas interpreted over arbitrary theories, in the spirit of Satisfiability Modulo Theories. The resulting logic, called LTLf Modulo Theories (LTLfMT), is semi-decidable. Nevertheless, its high expressiveness comes useful in a number of use cases, such as model-checking of data-aware processes and data-aware planning. Despite the general undecidability of these problems, being able to solve satisfiable instances is a compromise worth studying. After motivating and describing such use cases, we provide a sound and complete semi-decision procedure for LTLfMT based on the SMT encoding of a one-pass tree-shaped tableau system. The algorithm is implemented in the BLACK satisfiability checking tool, and an experimental evaluation shows the feasibility of the approach on novel benchmarks.
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Mahajan, R. L., and K. T. Yang. "Applications of Artificial Neural Network Analysis in Thermal Systems." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are good at approximating complex and non-linear data. In addition, they have excellent predictive capabilities and can be configured to be self-adaptive. As a result of these characteristics, the potential applications of ANNs are many and in diverse fields. These range from predicting the output of a manufacturing process through differentiating between handwritten letters to predicting the winner of a horse race. In this paper, we focus on applications of artificial neural networks to thermal systems including chemical vapor deposition, thermal management and heat exchangers.
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Romera, João Vitor Macedo, Rafael Nobre Orsi, Rodrigo Filev Maia, and Carlos Eduardo Thomaz. "Visual Patterns in Reading Tasks: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Meares-Irlen Syndrome Simulation Effects." In XV Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2019.7641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work investigates reading patterns based on effects of the Meares-Irlen Syndrome (SMI), a visual-perception deficit that affects indirectly our cognitive system. The most common symptoms related to SMI in reading tasks are visual stress, sensation of moving letters and distortions in the text. These effects have been computationally simulated here and using eye-tracking information of a number of participants we have been able to linearly classify each effects with high accuracy.
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Tai, K., R. J. Fischer, R. E. Slusher, A. Y. Cho, and A. Mysyrowicz. "Two-photon Absorption Spectroscopy in GaAs Quantum Wells." In Quantum Wells for Optics and Opto-Electronics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qwoe.1989.md2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two-photon absorption spectroscopy1,2 is a powerful method of investigating electronic properties of solids. Because the transition selection rules are different from those for linear absorption, levels which are not accessible in conventional one-photon spectroscopies can be observed. In this letter, we apply two-photon absorption spectroscopy to the study of quantum well structures.3 In GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells, spectral features due to two-photon transitions and specific to quantum confinement were seen. The results demonstrate that the two-photon technique is well suited for extracting several important parameters of these artificial structures.