Дисертації з теми "Lésions myocardiques"
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Jacquin, Laurent. "Déséquilibre d’oxygénation et lésions myocardiques aiguës : approche clinique en service d’accueil des urgences." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6736qrr.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part, we were interested in the criteria of oxygen supply/demand imbalance involved in the occurrence of a type 2 infarction. We explored in 610 patients the association between the parameters of these criteria and the occurrence of acute myocardial injury and type 2 infarction, as well as the correlation between these parameters and the extent of myocardial injury. Our results did not show any association between the importance of oxygen mismatch and the occurrence of acute myocardial injury. There was also no correlation with the magnitude of such injury. Therefore, we could not define strict restrictive thresholds that could be considered a significant myocardial stressor. In the second part, we compared the short-term and the long-term outcomes of patients admitted with an oxygen supply/demand imbalance condition according to the presence of myocardial injury or type 2 infarction and assessed the association of these pathological entities with mortality and major cardiovascular events. In this population of 824 patients, the occurrence of myocardial injury or type 2 infarction led to high in-hospital mortality of more than 20% and was significantly associated with it after adjustment for patient characteristics. In the follow-up of survivors, the outcome was dependent on comorbidities without the involvement of the occurrence of these initial myocardial injuries, with mortality rates of 27 to 35% and major cardiovascular events of 23 to 40%. We proposed to compare these results in another study, conducted prospectively, with a standardized 6-month follow-up of patients admitted for oxygenation failure, the methods of which are detailed here. This cohort consists of 670 patients whose data are currently being analyzed. Finally, in the third part, we focused on the 675 elderly patients, who represent more than 80% of our cohort, to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of these myocardial injuries and type 2 infarction according to age classes. We found very dependent patient profiles in these classes, linked to the epidemiological changes of aging. However, the individualization of type 2 myocardial infarction within acute myocardial lesions was not obvious, nor was the impact on mortality, which was essentially based on the burden of comorbidities
Bochaton, Thomas. "Lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardiques : régulation de la transition de perméabilité et rôle de l'activation de l'inflammation locale et systémique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1289.
Повний текст джерелаMyocardial infarction (MI) is the first cause of death in the world. Reperfusion is the key treatment of MI. However, reperfusion can cause reperfusion injuries. Mitochondria and mitochondrial permeablility transition pore are the target of reperfusion injuries. Mitochondrial dysfonction and necrosis lead to an intense local and systemic inflammation. Ischemic post-conditioning (PC) and pharmacologic PC (with cyclosporine A, CsA) are used to limit reperfusion injuries. During my thesis, I worked on cardioprotective effet of sirtuin 3 and I studied inflammation induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). I have shown that ischemic PC involve sirtuin 3 and deacetylation of cyclophilin D. I demonstrated that myocardial I/R induce an intense inflammatory response in Human with a key role of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. However, this inflammatory response is not modulated by the administration of CsA. A least, we studied the role of HIF-1a that is over expressed during I/R. We showed that HIF-1a activate inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18. Furthermore, Nicotinamied Mononucleotide has anti-inflammatory effets with an action of HIF-1a. Taken together, these data contribute to develop new target for cardioprotection
Nguyen-Ngoc-Lam, Richard. "Intérêt du dosage de la troponine I cardiaque dans l'évaluation des contusions myocardiques au cours des traumatismes fermés du thorax." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11081.
Повний текст джерелаFourny, Natacha. "Du prédiabète au diabète de type 2 : quels impacts sur la santé cardiovasculaire dans le sexe féminin ? : approche thérapeutique par le Resvératrol contre les lésions myocardiques liées à l’ischémie-reperfusion dans le diabète de type 2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0142.
Повний текст джерелаType 2 diabetic women have a higher cardiovascular (CV) risk than type 2 diabetic men, but few studies focus on the female sex in this context. The objective of this PhD was i) to study CV alterations induced by prediabetes/type 2 diabetes in female; ii) to propose a therapeutic approach by Resveratrol (RSV) in type 2 diabetic female; and iii) to study the effect of sex on the prediabetes-induced physiological modifications and on the myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We used the prediabetic rat induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFS), and the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat (GK). We performed in vivo and ex vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy experiments and biochemical analyses. We highlighted myocardial thickening and increased perfusion in female HFS, as well as high myocardial sensitivity to IR involving exacerbated oxidative stress. RSV treatment of female GK induced cardioprotection by increasing the high-energy compounds and the proteins of the nitric oxide pathway during IR injury. Finally, there was no sexual dimorphism in myocardial tolerance to IR injury in prediabetes, although the HFS diet induced sex-specific physiological changes. In conclusion, we have shown that endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in CV complications associated to type 2 diabetes in the female sex
Franck-Miclo, Alicia. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-apoptotique contre les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13505/document.
Повний текст джерелаMyocardial infarction (MI) results from a coronary occlusion leading to severe ischemia. Infarct size is a major determinant of myocardial salvage and mortality. Prompt revascularization (either by thrombolysis or primary angioplasty) is recommended for AMI patients but leads to deleterious effects called "reperfusion injury". Recently, ischemic postconditioning (PostC) efficiency has been reported in patients. However, its application during primary angioplasty is limited to patients admitted in angioplasty centers thereby excluding thrombolysed patients. In order to improve cardioprotection, it is necessary to define the time window for optimal cardioprotection and to develop new pharmacological strategies for AMI patients. Our work, using an in vivo mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion, shows that PostC efficiency is maintained if applied the first 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of peptide inhibitors targeting apoptosis, which is responsible for cell death during ischemia-reperfusion. As a proof-of-concept study, the cardioprotective effects of Tat-BH4 and Pip2b-BH4 peptidic constructs have been revealed in vitro and in vivo. The peptidic constructs targeting FAS-DAXX interaction, injected intravenously as a single bolus at the time of reperfusion, reduced by 50% both infarct size and apoptosis. These pharmacological tools have been patented due to their high therapeutic potential
Benoist, Lauriane. "Rôle du récepteur purinergique P2Y11 dans la modulation des lésions d'Ischémie/Reperfusion myocardique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3310.
Повний текст джерелаIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries are involved in the pathophysiology of heart transplantation where they will increase graft rejection. Ischemia generates cellular stress leading to ATP release in the extracellular medium that may activate purinergic receptors (P2R) expressed by cardiomyocytes and immune cells. Therefore, these receptors may play important regulatory roles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P2R signaling on dendritic cells phenotype (DCs) and cardiomyocyte (CM) response to I/R. We showed that P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) exhibited an immunomodulatory role in DCs by decreasing release of IL-6 and IL-12 and inhibiting polarization of the adaptive response towards Th1. Pharmacological post-conditioning targeting P2Y11R provided effective protection to CM by limiting oxidative stress and activating PKCe known to inhibit the opening of the mPTP. The protective and immunomodulatory effects of P2Y11R stimulation were confirmed in vivo by the decrease of allogeneic acute rejection in a murine model of heterotopic heart transplantation. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that P2Y11R may be a promising therapeutic target providing beneficial effects in cardiac transplantation
Mamou, Zahida. "Aggravation des lésions d’ischémie myocardique par la levobupivacaïne : étude chez le porc : Effets des émulsions lipidiques ? : protection pharmacologique des lésions d’ischémie / reperfusion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10129.
Повний текст джерелаMyocardial ischemia is characterized by the development of ionic and metabolic disorders that result in the loss of the structural and functional cellular integrity, especially within mitochondria and, consequently, in alterations of cardiac electromechanical activity. In the context of this thesis, the following aspects have been investigated: (1) ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions and pharmacological measures of cardioprotection involving the calcium antagonist amlodipine, and the converting enzyme inhibitor perindorpilate. After describing the various electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and mitochondrial (both structural and functional) alterations induced by I/R, amlodipine and perindorpilate were administered either alone or combined, via a bolus IV injection, prior to a distal ligation of the anterior interventricular artery, and then one minute after reperfusion (Study II; n = 36 domestic piglets); (2) the acute cardiotoxicity of the local anesthetic levobupivacaine following an IV injection. Cardiotoxic effects were evaluated in two distinctive situations: preserved coronary circulation and experimental myocardial ischemia. Using both situations allows for mimicking levobupivacaine overdose in a healthy patient or a patient with coronary disease, respectively; (3) the possibly beneficial effect of lipid emulsions (Intralipid®) in both experimental conditions. Lipid emulsions were administered a few minutes following the IV injection of levobupivacaine (Study II, n=48 domestic piglets). These investigations were conducted in vivo on piglets anesthetized and ventilated. Electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters were measured at given intervals throughout the study. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and tissue samples of the left ventricles were withdrawn to measure the structure and function of mitochondria
Sportouch-Dukhan, Catherine. "Effets cardioprotecteurs du glutamate contre les lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris. Evaluation échocardiographique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T021.
Повний текст джерелаMyocardial infarction is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality in western countries. Reperfusion as early as possible is the only treatment recognized to reduce infarct size, crucial prognostic factor of morbidity and mortality. However, reperfusion leads to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury leading to irreversible apoptotic death of cardiomyocytes. A transcriptomic approach has allowed us to identify genes specifically regulated upon ischemic postconditioning (PostC) in the mouse heart. Among them, the expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) gene is up-regulated by PostC. The aim of my thesis work was to study the role of mGluR1 during myocardial IR. Our strategy, based on the use of knockout mice, confirmed the involvement of mGluR1 in cardioprotection. Injection of glutamate at the time of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size via apoptosis inhibition. This cardioprotective effect was reduced in presence of the specific antagonist YM 298198 or in presence of wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, which is activated downstream mGluR1. In our mouse model of myocardial IR injury, decrease in infarct size after glutamate treatment seems to be associated to an improved left ventricular contractile function assessed by echocardiography (speckle tracking method quantifying myocardial strain). These preliminary results are promising and allow us to consider a clinical trial for coronary patients
Ivanes, Fabrice. "Nouveaux mécanismes de protection des cardiomyocytes contre les lésions d'ischémie / reperfusion." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060259.
Повний текст джерелаTerrand, Jérôme. "@Implication de l'oxyde nitrique et des radicaux libres oxygènes dans les altérations fonctionnelles associées à la séquence ischémie/reperfusion : conséquences sur l'activité des systèmes enzymatiques antioxydants." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOMU11.
Повний текст джерелаBriaud, Stéphanie A. "Ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris "knockout" : étude de l'inflammation et de l'apoptose." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T153.
Повний текст джерелаSyvannarath, Varouna. "Rôle du CD31 dans l'issu des lésions tissulaires cardiovasculaire aigues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SYVANNARATH_Varouna_va2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCD31 also called PECAM-1 (Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) is a 130-kDa single pass transmembrane glycoprotein composed of 6 extracellular Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic tail with two ITIMs motifs (Immunoreceptor Tyrosine based Inhibitory Motifs). The CD31 trans-homophilic receptor is exclusively and constitutively expressed by endothelial cells, platelets and all leukocytes and play a crucial role in cells regulation at blood-vessel interface.Upon sequential phosphorylation, the two ITIMs of CD31 promote phosphatase-dependent pathway while tyrosine/inositol-dependent pathway is uncoupled. Thus, activator or inhibitor CD31 effect depends on cell type. CD31 engagement drives mutual cell-cell detachment signals and raises the activation threshold of CD31+ cells, globally acting as a negative co-signaling receptor on platelet and leukocytes. The case is different for the endothelial cells, which adhere on their basal membrane and establish permanent CD31-CD31 interactions at their lateral borders. Indeed, the permanent trans-homophilic interaction of CD31 molecules engaged at the cell-cell junctions of the adherent endothelial cells and their basal serine phosphorylation may account for the prevalent positive effect on endothelial cell survival and physiologic functions. Regulation of endothelial, platelet and leukocyte interactions by CD31 may be particularly important during biological responses that develop following cardiovascular injury.To evaluate this hypothesis, I studied during my thesis the role of CD31 in the outcome of aortic dissection and myocardial ischemia reperfusion, two clinical conditions related to acute and high life-threatening lesions not only immediately but also in the long term, if tissue remodeling is not appropriate. My work has shown that the function of CD31 is important in the outcome of acute cardiovascular lesions: it promotes the return to homeostasis in the microcirculation to ensure perfusion of the injured tissue but it also actively contributes to the tissue repair, in particular favoring the acquisition of a repair phenotype by the leucocytes infiltrated at the lesion sites. In the case of aortic dissection, our results show that the function of CD31 is crucial to allow rapid resorption of the hematoma and the formation of a collagen-rich scar in the arterial lesion thus preventing aneurysmal evolution and the risk of rupture of the aorta. In the case of myocardial infarction, the effectiveness of recanalization procedures depends on the restoration of microvascular circulation. Indeed, the survival of each heart muscle fiber will depend on its own capillary. In CD31 KO mice, we found that the response of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium within the microcirculation in the infarct area is inappropriate. Thus, in the absence of CD31, dysfunction of the blood cells interacting with the endothelium in microcirculation prevents tissus reperfusion. This phenomenon, also known as "no-reflow", corresponds to an absence of microvascular reperfusion despite the re-opening of the occluded artery and results in an enlargement of necrosis zone.Thus, the regulatory functions of CD31 seem to play a particularly determining role in the outcome of acute lesions of the cardiovascular system, where hemodynamic stresses make the tissue repair even more difficult and urgent
Sebbag, Laurent. "De l'agression biologique à l'adaptation métabolique : déterminisme cellulaire de l'étendue de la nécrose myocardique." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T256.
Повний текст джерелаDelgado, Betancourt Sandra. "Cardioprotection contre les lésions d’ischémie-reperfusion par réduction de la fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3512.
Повний текст джерелаAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the major cause of cardiovascular mortality worlwide. Early reperfusion is the only treatment recommended to reduce infarct size, a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. However, reperfusion leads to reperfusion injury that precipitates in death the cells that survived the ischemic insult. To date, there is no therapy targeting ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to limit the extent of the infarcted area. Heart rate (HR) is a main determinant of cardiac pathology. Most ischemic episodes are triggered by an increase in HR inducing an imbalance between myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption. HR reduction results in a lengthening of the ventricular diastole, allowing better coronary perfusion and optimal oxygenation of the myocardium at rest and during exercise. Thus, it seems clear that a controlled reduction of HR may limit the effort and the vulnerability of the myocardium during the whole IR episode, which would represent a challenge in the treatment of AMI but also a major interest to public health.β-blockers have been extensively studied in this context and have shown beneficial effects in terms of reduction of post-AMI mortality. However, they also exert deleterious effects on myocardial coronary blood flow and contractile function. This finding highlights the importance of selective HR reduction through inhibition of ion currents responsible for cardiac automatism. The If current and the ICa,L and ICa,T calcium currents (mediated by Cav1.3 and Cav3.1 channels, respectively) are important accelerators of cardiac rhythm. Clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of selective HR reduction by ivabradine, an inhibitor of the If current, in the context of coronary artery disease and heart failure. However, recent studies have shown that treatment with ivabradine may involve an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and infarct. These results underscore the need to develop new therapies aimed to selectively control HR without adverse effects on the myocardium and prognosis of patients.The goal of this thesis is to study the role of HR during myocardial IR and to validate in murine models of bradycardia the hypothesis that HR reduction is able to limit IR injury. Our work strategy is based on a genetic approach with the use of knockout mice for Cav1.3 and Cav3.1 calcium channels. In a first time, pharmacological HR reduction by ivabradine induces infarct size decrease in control mice, validating the concept in our in vivo mouse model of IR. Genetically-modified mice in which these channels have been ablated have reduced heart rate and show a reduction in infarct size after the IR protocol, confirming the involvement of HR in cardioprotection. There is a direct relationship between infarct size and HR during each phase of IR and independently of the animal model. Surprisingly, this relation is suppressed when the parasympathetic nervous system is inactivated. Secondly, HR acceleration in an ex vivo model of cardiac IR generates deleterious effects on the myocardium, including infarct size increase and coronary flow reduction during reperfusion.These results confirm the cardioprotective effect of HR reduction against IR injury and allow us to consider a clinical application in the treatment of ischemic diseases
Tissier, Cindy. "Aspects métaboliques de la reperfusion myocardique : étude corrélative des effets des substrats, de l'oxygène et de l'insuline sur la récupération post-ischémique du cardiomyocyte." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOMU18.
Повний текст джерелаThe determination of the most favorable conditions for the myocardial recovery during the post-ischemic reperfusion is still elusive. The present study aimed at defining the effects of glucose and of various different fatty acids (FA) on the recovery of post-ischemic cardiac muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes (CM) from newborn rats were subjected to 2. 5 h of ‘‘ischemia’’ simulated by a substrate-free hypoxia (SI), followed by 2 h of “reperfusion” simulated by reoxygenation in absence of substrate (CTRL) or in the presence of glucose (GLC), octanoic acid (OCTA) or oleic acid (OLE), added as single or combinated substrate(s). During simulated ischemia, the electromechanical activity ceased gradually and cellular viability and mitochondrial function dramatically decreased. The substrate-free standard reperfusion provided a near normal functional recovery, although incomplete and delayed (after 30 min of reperfusion). GLC or OLE given at the onset of reperfusion hastened this recovery, while GLC was the sole subtrate to improve the post-ischemic mitochondrial function. Conversely, the addition of any substrate at the time of reperfusion worsened the cellular viability in comparison with the substrate-free “reperfusion”. Finally, GLC+OLE combination entailed the most favourable recovery in respect of metabolic, functional and viability markers. On the other hand, a rise in the oxygen partial pressure during the post-ischemic period improved the resumption of mitochondrial function and viability. Moreover, the presence of a single substrate and a high oxygen level modulated the expression of the mRNA of glucose and FA transport proteins and of apoptosis markers. These results suggest a modulation of metabolic and survival pathways by the conditions of reperfusion at the molecular level. Finally, the presence of insulin before ischemia protected against ischemic-induced membraneous damages. However, the effect of insulin on the post-ischemic recovery depended upon both time of addition and the presence of glucose during reperfusion. The gain in recovery by a preischemic supply of insulin appeared at late time of reperfusion (6 h), while its post-ischemic addition provided earlier beneficial effects (1 and 2 h). To conclude, the post-“ischemic” CM recovery clearly depended on the characteristics of the available substrate during the reperfusion period (nature, chain length, insaturation degree). Therefore, the modulation of the energy metabolism with appropriate substrate, oxygen amount and insulin supply, should be taken into account in the different reperfusion strategies in order to contribute to the most favourable cardiocellular recovery
Rozier, Romain. "Effet protecteur du préconditionnement pharmacologique vis-à-vis de l’ischémie-reperfusion myocardique : Approche mécanistique et clinique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ6005.
Повний текст джерелаRegional (myocardial) or systemic (cardiac arrest) ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries are an omnipresent threat in perioperative medicice and intensive care, and are the leading cause of major morbidity and mortality. Numerous strategies have been developed to limit and/or prevent them. Despite evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological preconditioning (PPc), particularly by volatile halogenated agents (VHAs), known as anaesthetic preconditioning (APc); various points of discordance in terms of effectiveness (inter-individual, nature of research (clinical or pre-clinical), types of surgery (cardiac or non-cardiac)) testify to the lack of understanding of its mechanisms, and on the other hand that the interest of its integration within a global cardioprotection management remains to be confirmed. Thus, in order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the presumed protective effect of PPc, we first undertook a fundamental and mechanistic approach aimed at identifying the effectors of the cardioprotection induced by PPc. We thus demonstrated that halogenated VHAs such as sevoflurane (SEV) were able to induce, in vitro, a protective signaling pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), the survival protein kinase Akt and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Interestingly, we have reproduced the protective effect induced by SEV and supported by this signaling pathway in different cell models of myocardial origin including human cardiomyocytes differentiated from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. In addition, we have also shown that this protective signaling pathway induced by SEV can be stimulated by the antidiabetic agent Metformin (MET), justifying its use as a potential PPc agent to prevent IR damage. On the basis of these results, we sought to verify the clinical relevance of the protective effect of Metformin. We therefore hypothesised that, thanks to its pleiotropic and potentially cardioprotective effects, MET was able to protect against global and massive IR induced by cardiac arrest (CA). Retrospective analysis of more than 500 patients admitted to critical care for CA showed that MET was independently associated with improved post-CA survival at D28, providing the first clinical evidence of the protective effect of MET against the most severe IR encountered: CA.Given the increasing incidence of high-risk cardiovascular patients encountered in surgery and critical care in connection with the ageing population in developed countries, it therefore becomes necessary to pursue and deepen our experimental approach in order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of PPc and to legitimize the clinical relevance of its protective effect with the aim of limiting the morbidity and mortality linked to IR
Jouan, Marie-Gabrielle. "Protection du système cardiovasculaire au cours des phases aiguë et chronique de la reperfusion post-ischémique : hème-oxygénase-1 et resvératrol." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10279.
Повний текст джерелаThe present report refers to the study of the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular protection during the acute and chronic phases of post-myocardial infarction in the rat. The tirst step of 0 study has consisted in the evaluation of the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on the induction of Hemoxygenase-l cardiac expression in the rat. Our results show that an oral chronic pretreatment witl RSV (4mg/kg/day; 4 weeks) improves, although unsignificantly, a11 hemodynamic variables assessej during post-ischemic reperfusion of isolated perfused hearts. Converse1y, no induction of HO-: expression was made obvious in cardiac tissues after the treatment with RSV. Ln the second part 0 our study, we have investigated the effects of HO-l inhibition (ZnPPIX) during the acute phase 0 cardiac post-ischemic reperfusion in an in vivo model oftemporary left coronary artery ligation in th~ rat. Under our experimental conditions, HO-l inhibition worsened post-ischemic endothelia dysfunction, and altered left ventricular passive compliance assessed ex vivo 7 days after surgery. Il the last part of our study, we have demonstrated that HO-l inhibition (SnMP) during the early phasl after myocardial infarction in our experimental in vivo model, reduces cardiac performances durinJ the subsequent development of heart failure, and significantly deteriorates left ventricular passivi compliance. Ln contrast, a chronic 8 week pretreatment with resveratrol considerably improves thesl pathophysiological manifestations
Daviller, Clément. "Quantification de la perfusion myocardique en imagerie de perfusion par résonance magnétique : modèles et classification non-supervisée." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1208/document.
Повний текст джерелаCardiovascular diseases and in particular coronary heart disease are the main cause of death worldwide with 17.9 million deaths in 2012. Cardiac MRI is a particularly interesting tool for understanding and evaluating heart disease, including ischemic heart disease. Its diagnostic contribution is often major and it provides information that is not accessible by other imaging modalities. The work carried out during this thesis focuses more specifically on the so-called myocardium perfusion test, which consists in studying the distribution of a contrast agent within the heart muscle during its first passage. In clinical practice, this examination is often limited to the clinician's visual analysis, allowing him to identify the culprit artery and deduce the impacted territory. However, this technique is relative and does not quantify myocardial blood flow. In recent years, an increasing number of techniques have emerged to enable this quantification at all stages of processing, from acquisition to the measurement itself. We first established a treatment pipeline to combine these approaches and evaluate them using a digital phantom and clinical data. We demonstrated that the Bayesian approach is able to quantify myocardium perfusion and its superiority in evaluating the arrival time of the indicator bolus compared to the Fermi model. In addition, the Bayesian approach provides additional interesting information such as the probability density function of the measurement and the uncertainty of the residual function, which makes it possible to know the reliability of the measurement carried out, in particular by observing the distribution of the probability density function of the measurement. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for segmentation of myocardial lesions, using the spatial and temporal dimensions of infusion data. This technique allows an objective and precise segmentation of the hypoperfused region allowing a measurement of myocardial blood flow over an area of tissue which behavior is homogeneous and which average signal measurement allows an increase in the contrast-to-noise ratio. In the cohort of 30 patients, the variability of myocardial blood flow measurements performed on voxels detected by this technique was significantly lower than that of measurements performed on voxels in manually defined areas (mean difference=0.14, 95% CI[0.07, 0.2]) and those performed on voxels in areas defined using the bullseye method (mean difference=0.25, 95% CI[0.17, 0.36])
Lefort, Claudie. "Signalisation intercellulaire et rôle du récepteur purinergique P2Y11 en réponse à l'Ischémie/Reperfusion myocardique : entre immunomodulation et cardioprotection." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3306.
Повний текст джерелаIschemia/Reperfusion injuries are involved in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. I/R-induced stress leads to massive cardiomyocyte death, an acute inflammatory response and the establishment of a repair process by cardiac fibroblasts. Previous work in the laboratory showed that P2Y11 purinergic receptor activation by ATP decreased IL-6 and IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells (DC), inducing a decrease in polarization towards Th1 response. We hypothesized that purinergic signaling could also modulate cardiomyocyte death and activation of cardiac fibroblasts responses to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). We showed that the activation of purinergic receptors at the onset of reoxygenation, especially P2Y11 receptor, improved cardiomyocytes survival following H/R. We then showed that P2Y11 stimulation at the onset of reoxygenation decreased cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and their phenotypic switch into myofibroblasts, but also decreased their secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Cardiac fibroblasts secretome reduced IL-6 and IL-12 secretion by DC, and cardiomyocyte mortality. These immunomodulatory and cardioprotective effects were dependent on P2Y11 receptor activation in cardiac fibroblasts. These results suggest that P2Y11 receptor is strongly involved in post- H/R cellular responses, and that targeting this receptor in vivo could improve the clinical prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction
Farah, Charlotte. "Sensibilité du coeur à l’ischémie-reperfusion et stratégie de cardioprotection par l’exercice : rôle spécifique de la eNOS myocardique." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0706/document.
Повний текст джерелаExercise training is recognized as an efficient way to protect the myocardium against ischemiareperfusion(IR). However, mechanisms responsible for such cardioprotection remain still unclear. Theaims of this work were then i) to evaluate the preventive effect of exercise on a model highly sensitiveto myocardial IR, and ii) to investigate the role of eNOS in exercise-induced cardioprotection. In a firstpart we showed that regular boots of exercise, by its beneficial effects on calcium handling andenzymatic antioxidant status, prevents the highly sensitive phenotypical remodeling of the heart andthen normalized heart vulnerability to IR. Then, in a second part of this work, we showed that exerciseinducedcardioprotection was associated with a decrease of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 andespecially its uncoupling during early reperfusion. Such phenomenon, associated with increased heartantioxidant capacity was responsible for reduced nitro-oxidative stress. Indeed, reduced NOSdependentNO synthesis associated with the improved capacity to scavenge O2.- contribute to preventthe formation of ONOO-. Altogether, these results showed that exercise-induced cardioprotection is acomplex mechanism requiring interactions between antioxidant capacity improvement, eNOSuncoupling during reperfusion and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Finally, this work opens newperspectives regarding the role of NO synthesis modulation to impact heart sensitivity to IR
Gille-Hestin, Dominique. "Expression des systèmes rénine-angiotensine et kallikréine-kinine après transplantation rénale isogénique chez le rat : étude des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale chez le rat : approche des mécanismes allo-indépendants participant au phénomène de détérioration progressive du transplant rénal." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN11302.
Повний текст джерелаDehina, Leila. "Influence de l’ischémie et de la cinétique de reperfusion myocardique sur la structure et le fonctionnement des mitochondries chez le porc : effets de la trimétazidine, de la ranolazine et du propranolol." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10006.
Повний текст джерелаThe generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the cytosolic calcium overload and the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) resulting from myocardial ischemia (MI) are aggravated during reperfusion. In the present work, the following points have been addressed: 1) the evaluation of trimetazidine effects on the electrical threshold of ventricular fibrillation (VFT) and both structural and functional alterations of mitochondria during MI (study 1, N=26 pigs); 2) the determination of the kinetics of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions (study 2a, N=30 pigs); 3) the protective effects of ranolazine and propranolol, alone or combined on I/R lesions (study 2b, N=30 pigs). All studies were performed in anesthetized pigs. They allowed to follow changes in cardiac electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters and, at the cellular level, changes in the structure and function of mitochondria. The obtained results show: 1) in study 1, that TMZ can prevent the drop in VFT and all structural and functional alterations of mitochondria noticed during MI; 2) in study 2a, that the lesions seen during MI are significantly aggravated within the first seconds of reperfusion whereas some improvement is observed after 10 minutes and more markedly after 45 minutes of reperfusion; 3) in study 2b, that pretreatment with ranolazine or propranolol, alone or combined can reduce the severity of I/R lesions. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of both agents are thought to be involved in this improvement of I/R lesions
Ghaboura, Nehmat. "Cardioprotection à la phase aiguë de l'infarctus." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586689.
Повний текст джерелаKamel, Rima. "Implication de la dynamique mitochondriale et de la voie de la kynurénine dans la cardioprotection au cours de l’infarctus du myocarde." Thesis, Angers, 2019. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune12955.
Повний текст джерелаMyocardial infarction remains a leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Although timely reperfusion is indispensable for ischemic myocardium salvage, final infarct size is due to both ischemia and reperfusion injuries. Cardioprotection consists of activating endogenous signaling protective pathways to decrease ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. Mitochondrial fission has been shown increased after ischemia, thus we studied the impact of mitochondrial dynamics proteins deficiency in mice models. Mitochondrial fission deficient DRP1+/- mice, exhibited a smaller infarct size compared to WT due to a potential increase in mitophagy. Simultaneous deficiency in mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins (Drp1+/-Opa1+/-) did not influence cardiac morphology and function at baseline and infarct size was comparable to WT. Next, We showed an importance of kynurenine pathway in cardioprotection. A recent study conducted in our laboratory showed that kynurenine, was increased after remote ischemic conditioning. Kynurenine is a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway which is the main tryptophan degradation route. We showed that kynurenine and kynurenic acid, a byproduct of kynurenine, mediated cardioprotection in a rat myocardial I/R model. Cardioprotection was associated to stimulation of mitophagy and anti-oxidant defense system. However a better understanding of associated signaling pathways is necessary to identify therapeutic targets
Morand, Jessica. "Dysfonction cardiovasculaire et arythmies ventriculaires de l’ischémie-reperfusion : effets délétères de l’hypoxie intermittente et protecteurs de la supplémentation en zinc." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV015/document.
Повний текст джерелаObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), one of the major consequences of apneas, leads to oxidative stress, activation of HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor 1) and endothelin (ET-1) expression, all known to play an important role in the cardiovascular consequences of OSA.First, we have demonstrated that IH increases the incidence of ischemia-related lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Among the potential mechanisms involved, spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability and catecholamine assay, showed a sympathetic activation in animals exposed to IH. IH was also responsible for alterations in ventricular repolarisation (increased QTc and Tpeak-Tend intervals) and dispersion of the transmural gradient (increased endocardial action potential duration). These alterations were associated with increased expression of endocardial LTCC and TRPC calcium channels.The second part of the thesis aimed at investigating zinc homeostasis in response to the oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) or IH as well as the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in this context. We observed that IR and IH induced a decrease in myocardial and plasma zinc concentrations, respectively. We also highlighted the protective effects of zinc supplementation during reperfusion against the ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction induced by IR. Zinc administration during reperfusion also abolished the increase in infarct size induced by chronic IH exposure.Finally, we investigated the effects of zinc depletion in endothelial cells exposed to TPEN, a specific zinc chelator. We observed that TPEN induced a nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and an increase in ET-1 secretion with a resulting increase in endothelial cell migration. Thus, zinc depletion appears to promote activation of the HIF-1-ET-1 axis, known for its deleterious effects upon IH.In summary, chronic IH exposure enhances ventricular arrhythmias and increases infarct size upon myocardial I/R. Sympathetic activation, oxidative stress and alterations of zinc homeostasis appear to be contributing factors. Pharmacological targeting of these alterations should be performed in order to confirm their role as well as to potentially prevent the deleterious cardiovascular consequences of IH and OSA
Nagy, Norbert. "Rôle du contrôle redox des thiols dans les altérations tissulaires cardiaques produites par l'ischémie et la reperfusion." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419547.
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