Статті в журналах: "Leicester's African Caribbean Community"

1

Deverell, Katie. "Using Participant Observation in Sauna Outreach." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.461k8t2h38753612.

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Men Who Have Sex With Men Action in the Community (MESMAC) is a national project funded by the Health Education Authority in Great Britain. The project works with men who have sex with men (however they might identify) around HIV/AIDS and other health issues, using a community development approach. There are four MESMAC sites based in different parts of England, each with a particular focus; Leicester Black MESMAC works with African, Caribbean, and Asian men.

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Ekezie, Winifred, Akilah Maxwell, Margaret Byron, Barbara Czyznikowska, Idil Osman, Katie Moylan, Sarah Gong, and Manish Pareek. "Health Communication and Inequalities in Primary Care Access during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom: Lived Experiences and Recommendations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215166.

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Health Communication is critical in the context of public health and this was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethnic minority groups were significantly impacted during the pandemic; however, communication and information available to them were reported to be insufficient. This study explored the health information communication amongst ethnic communities in relation to their experiences with primary health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research used qualitative methodology using focus groups and semi-structured interviews with community members and leaders from three ethnic minority communities (African-Caribbean, Somali and South Asian) in Leicester, United Kingdom. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and open-coded. Rigour was determined through methodological coherence, appropriate and sufficient sampling, and iterative data collection and analysis. Six focus groups and interviews were conducted with 42 participants. Four overarching themes were identified related to health communication, experiences, services and community recommendations to improve primary care communication. To address primary care inequalities effectively and improve future health communication strategies, experiences from the pandemic should be reflected upon, and positive initiatives infused into the healthcare strategies, especially for ethnic minority communities.

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3

Thakare, Niyukta, and Frank Chinegwundoh. "Prostate cancer in the African-Caribbean community." Trends in Urology & Men's Health 6, no. 4 (July 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tre.472.

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4

Gooden, Amoaba. "Community Organizing by African Caribbean People in Toronto, Ontario." Journal of Black Studies 38, no. 3 (November 9, 2007): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934707309134.

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5

King, Barnaby. "The African-Caribbean Identity and the English Stage." New Theatre Quarterly 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00013646.

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In the first of two essays employing academic discourses of cultural exchange to examine the intra-cultural situation in contemporary British society, published in NTQ 61, Barnaby King analyzed the relationship between Asian arts and mainstream arts in Britain on both a professional and a community level. In this second essay he takes a similar approach towards African–Caribbean theatre in Britain, comparing the Black theatre initiatives of the regional theatres with the experiences of theatre workers themselves based in Black communities. He shows how work which relates to a specific ‘other’ culture has to struggle to get funding, while work which brings Black Arts into a mainstream ‘multicultural’ programme has fewer problems. In the process, he specifically qualifies the claim that the West Yorkshire Playhouse provides for Black communities as well as many others, while exploring the alternative, community-based projects of ‘Culturebox’, based in the deprived Chapeltown district of Leeds. Barnaby King is a theatre practitioner based in Leeds, who completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Leeds Workshop Theatre in 1998. He is now working with theatre companies and small-scale venues – currently the Blah Blah Blah company and the Studio Theatre at Leeds Metropolitan University – to develop community participation in

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6

Watt, Diane. "Traditional Religious Practices amongst African-Caribbean Mothers and Community Othermothers." Black Theology 2, no. 2 (July 2004): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/blth.2.2.195.36029.

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7

Fatimilehin, Iyabo A., and Patricia Gail Coleman. "Appropriate services for African-Caribbean families: views from one community." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 111 (January 1998): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.1998.1.111.6.

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Muruthi, Bertranna Alero, Emily Janes, Jessica Chou, Shaquinta Richardson, Jamie M. West, and Meagan Chevalier. "“First Thing When I Walk Through the Door, I Am a Black Woman”: Pilot Study Examining Afro-Caribbean Women's Racial and Ethnic Identity." Journal of Systemic Therapies 40, no. 1 (May 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2021.40.1.75.

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Hybrid identity theory was utilized to understand how race and ethnicity were perceived from the perspective of Afro-Caribbean women living in the U.S. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) inability to understand African Americans’ experiences, (2) feelings of racial and gender bias, (3) racial pride in the Black community, and (4) ethnic pride in the Caribbean community as a protective factor. Findings indicate that women's observed racial role distancing was a fluid process where women moved freely between ethnic difference and racial togetherness depending on their perceptions of racial stereotypes among the African American community. Clinical implications are offered.

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Bhui, Kamaldeep, Phillip Brown, Tim Hardie, J. P. Watson, and Janet Parrott. "African–Caribbean men remanded to Brixton Prison." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 4 (April 1998): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.4.337.

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BackgroundAfrican–Caribbean men are over-represented in psychiatric and forensic services and in the prison population. A failure of community services to engage mentally ill African–Caribbean men and their presentation through the criminal justice system culminates in a repeated pattern of forensic service and criminal justice system contact.MethodWe carried out a cross-sectional survey during a one-year period of a sample of potentially mentally ill men remanded to HMP Brixton in south London. Men were interviewed to establish their place of birth, first language, socio-demographic profile, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, levels of alcohol and substance misuse, criminality, violence involved in their index offence, past psychiatric and forensic contacts and outcome of court appearance.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-seven men were interviewed. In comparison with White men, African–Caribbean men were more often diagnosed as having schizophrenia and were more often sent to hospital under a mental health act order. African–Caribbean men were remanded in custody despite more stable housing conditions and more favourable indices of lifetime criminality, substance misuse and violence.ConclusionsCommunity services, including diversion schemes, should be especially sensitive to African–Caribbean men with schizophrenia who ‘fall out of care’, who are not diverted back into care and are therefore unnecessarily remanded.

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Hendrie, Hugh C., Olusegun Baiyewu, Denise Eldemire, and Carol Prince. "Caribbean, Native American, and Yoruba." International Psychogeriatrics 8, S3 (May 1997): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297003906.

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Studying behavioral disturbances of dementia across cultures allows us to identify commonalities and differences that may be useful in determining the best approach to managing these problems. However, what we tend to find in cross-cultural studies is that the best approach may not be the same approach, given the different prevalence of and levels of tolerance for various behavioral problems. These differences are apparent in the authors' studies of four populations—Jamaicans in Kingston; Cree in Northern Manitoba, Canada; Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria; and African Americans in the United States. The Jamaicans in this study live in a poor suburb of Kingston, the Cree live in two fairly small, isolated communities in Northern Manitoba, and the Yoruba live in Ibadan, a city of more than 1 million people. The Yoruba community the authors are studying, although concentrated in the city center, functions much like a village. The African-American population resides in Indianapolis, Indiana, a moderately sized city of approximately 1 million people.

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11

Long, Jonathan. "Football, ethnicity and community: the life of an African Caribbean football club." Soccer & Society 20, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1525797.

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12

Smolar, David E., Gabriella A. Engstrom, Sanya Diaz, Ruth Tappen, and Joseph G. Ouslander. "Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling African-American and Afro-Caribbean Older Adults." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 60, no. 12 (December 2012): 2365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12023.

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13

Nakasone, Sarah E., Ingrid Young, Claudia S. Estcourt, Josina Calliste, Paul Flowers, Jessica Ridgway, and Maryam Shahmanesh. "Risk perception, safer sex practices and PrEP enthusiasm: barriers and facilitators to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Black African and Black Caribbean women in the UK." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 5 (June 12, 2020): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2020-054457.

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ObjectivesUK Black African/Black Caribbean women remain disproportionately affected by HIV. Although oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could offer them an effective HIV prevention method, uptake remains limited. This study examined barriers and facilitators to PrEP awareness and candidacy perceptions for Black African/Black Caribbean women to help inform PrEP programmes and service development.MethodsUsing purposive sampling through community organisations, 32 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Black African/Black Caribbean women living in London and Glasgow between June and August 2018. Participants (aged 19–63) included women of varied HIV statuses to explore perceptions of sexual risk and safer sex, sexual health knowledge and PrEP attitudes. A thematic analysis guided by the Social Ecological Model was used to explore how PrEP perceptions intersected with wider safer sex understandings and practices.ResultsFour key levels of influence shaping safer sex notions and PrEP candidacy perceptions emerged: personal, interpersonal, perceived environment and policy. PrEP-specific knowledge was low and some expressed distrust in PrEP. Many women were enthusiastic about PrEP for others but did not situate PrEP within their own safer sex understandings, sometimes due to difficulty assessing their own HIV risk. Many felt that PrEP could undermine intimacy in their relationships by disrupting the shared responsibility implicit within other HIV prevention methods. Women described extensive interpersonal networks that supported their sexual health knowledge and shaped their interactions with health services, though these networks were influenced by prevailing community stigmas.ConclusionsDifficulty situating PrEP within existing safer sex beliefs contributes to limited perceptions of personal PrEP candidacy. To increase PrEP uptake in UK Black African/Black Caribbean women, interventions will need to enable women to advance their knowledge of PrEP within the broader context of their sexual health and relationships. PrEP service models will need to include trusted ‘non-sexual health-specific’ community services such as general practice.

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14

Dean, Kimberlie, Elizabeth Walsh, Paul Moran, Peter Tyrer, Francis Creed, Sarah Byford, Tom Burns, Robin Murray, and Tom Fahy. "Violence in women with psychosis in the community: Prospective study." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 3 (March 2006): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.104.008052.

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BackgroundLittle is known about the determinants of violence in women with psychosis.AimsTo identify predictors of violence in a community sample of women with chronic psychosis.MethodThe 2-year prevalence of physical assault was estimated for a sample of 304 women with psychosis. Baseline socio-demographic and clinical factors were used to identify predictors of assault.ResultsThe 2-year prevalence of assault in the sample was 17%. Assaultive behaviour was associated with previous violence (OR=5.87, 95% CI 2.42–14.25), non-violent convictions (OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.17–5.93), victimisation (OR=2.46, 95% CI 1.02–5.93), African–Caribbean ethnicity (OR=2.24, 95% CI 1.02–4.77), cluster B personality disorder (OR=2.66, 95% CI 1.11–6.38) and high levels of unmet need (OR=1.17, 95%C11.01–1.35). An interaction between African–Caribbean ethnicity and cluster B personality disorder was identified in relation to violent outcome. Violent women were found to be more costly to services.ConclusionsNearly a fifth of community-dwelling women with chronic psychosis committed assault over a period of 2 years. Six independent risk factors were found to predict violence.

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Puentes-Rozo, Pedro J., Johan E. Acosta-López, Martha L. Cervantes-Henríquez, Martha L. Martínez-Banfi, Elsy Mejia-Segura, Manuel Sánchez-Rojas, Marco E. Anaya-Romero, et al. "Genetic Variation Underpinning ADHD Risk in a Caribbean Community." Cells 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8080907.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable and prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that frequently persists into adulthood. Strong evidence from genetic studies indicates that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harboured in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3), SNAP25, FGF1, DRD4, and SLC6A2 genes are associated with ADHD. We genotyped 26 SNPs harboured in genes previously reported to be associated with ADHD and evaluated their potential association in 386 individuals belonging to 113 nuclear families from a Caribbean community in Barranquilla, Colombia, using family-based association tests. SNPs rs362990-SNAP25 (T allele; p = 2.46 × 10−4), rs2282794-FGF1 (A allele; p = 1.33 × 10−2), rs2122642-ADGRL3 (C allele, p = 3.5 × 10−2), and ADGRL3 haplotype CCC (markers rs1565902-rs10001410-rs2122642, OR = 1.74, Ppermuted = 0.021) were significantly associated with ADHD. Our results confirm the susceptibility to ADHD conferred by SNAP25, FGF1, and ADGRL3 variants in a community with a significant African American component, and provide evidence supporting the existence of specific patterns of genetic stratification underpinning the susceptibility to ADHD. Knowledge of population genetics is crucial to define risk and predict susceptibility to disease.

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Laryea Adjetey, Wendell Nii. "In Search of Ethiopia: Messianic Pan-Africanism and the Problem of the Promised Land, 1919–1931." Canadian Historical Review 102, no. 1 (March 2021): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2019-0048.

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Whether native-born or immigrants from the United States, Caribbean Basin, or Africa, Black people have made Canada an integral – although still largely overlooked – site in the Black Atlantic and African Diaspora. This article examines interwar Pan-Africanism, a movement that enjoyed a popular following in Canada. Pan-Africanists considered knowledge of history and love of self as foundational to resisting anti-blackness and inspiring Black liberation. In North America, they fortified themselves with the memory of their ancestors and awareness of an ancient African past as requisites for racial redemption and community building. African-American and Caribbean immigrants embraced Ethiopianism – a messianic Pan-Africanism of sorts – which they mythologized on Canadian soil. Not only was this Black racial renaissance new in Canadian society, but also its quasi spiritualism and revanchism reveals the zeal and militance of interwar Black agency. Pan-Africanists in North America sowed the seeds of twentieth-century Black liberation in the interwar period, which helped germinate postwar Caribbean and African decolonization, and civil and human rights struggles in the United States and Canada.

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Li, Alan Tai-Wai, Josephine Pui-Hing Wong, Roy Cain, and Kenneth Po-Lun Fung. "Engaging African-Caribbean, Asian, and Latino community leaders to address HIV stigma in Toronto." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 12, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-07-2014-0029.

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Purpose Racialized minority and newcomer communities are over-represented in positive HIV cases in Canada. Stigma has been identified as one of the barriers to HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. Faith, media, and social justice sectors have historically served a vital role in promoting health issues in these communities. However, they have been relatively inactive in addressing HIV-related issues. The purpose of this paper is to report on the results of an exploratory study that engaged faith, media, and social justice leaders in the African-Caribbean, Asian, and Latino communities in Toronto. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative interpretive design and focus groups to explore the challenges and opportunities in addressing HIV stigma. A total of 23 people living with HIV and 22 community leaders took part in seven focus groups. Intersectionality was used as an analytical lens to examine the social processes that perpetuate HIV stigma. Findings This paper focuses on the perspectives of community leaders. Five themes were identified: misconception of HIV as a gay disease; moralistic religious discourses perpetuate HIV stigma; invisibility of HIV reinforces community denial; need to promote awareness and compassion for people with HIV; and the power of collective community efforts within and across different sectors. Originality/value Although affected communities are faced with many challenges related to HIV stigma, effective change may be possible through concerted efforts championed by people living with HIV and community leaders. One important strategy identified by the participants is to build strategic alliances among the HIV, media, faith, social justice, and other sectors. Such alliances can develop public education and HIV champion activities to promote public awareness and positive emotional connections with HIV issues, challenge HIV stigma and related systems of oppression, and engage young people in HIV championship.

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Butler, Gary R. "Cultural Adaptation and Retention : The Narrative Tradition of the African-Caribbean Community of Toronto." Ethnologies 18, no. 1 (1996): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1087537ar.

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Darlu, P., P. P. Sagnier, and E. Bois. "Genealogical and genetical African admixture estimations, blood pressure and hypertension in a Caribbean community." Annals of Human Biology 17, no. 5 (January 1990): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014469000001162.

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20

Carrington, Ben. "Book Review: Football, Ethnicity and Community: The Life of an African-Caribbean Football Club." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 4, no. 4 (August 18, 2018): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649218793884.

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Richards, Marcus, Carol Brayne, Tom Dening, Melanie Abas, Janet Carter, Meryl Price, Cecily Jones, and Raymond Levy. "Cognitive function in UK community-dwelling African Caribbean and white elders: a pilot study." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15, no. 7 (2000): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200007)15:7<621::aid-gps164>3.0.co;2-4.

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Wheeler, V. W., and K. W. Radcliffe. "HIV Infection in the Caribbean." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 2 (March 1994): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500201.

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The Caribbean is a multi-ethnic region with many different cultural differences. The majority of the population is of African descent, but there are also other ethnic groups present such as Indians, Chinese, Syrians and Europeans. The Caribbean region is influenced by countries such as the USA, Great Britain, France and Holland. The countries of the Caribbean have a serious problem with HIV infection and AIDS. The epidemiology of HIV infection in this region, is different from most other parts of the world in that the mode of spread does not easily fit into any of the three WHO patterns. This review shows that the infection initially started in the homosexual/bisexual community, but since then, it has moved to the heterosexual population and this form of contact is now the main mode of transmission of the virus. The Governments of the Caribbean countries have realized the extent of the problem and have taken measures to try to control the epidemic.

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Chakraborty, Apu, and Kwame McKenzie. "Does racial discrimination cause mental illness?" British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 06 (June 2002): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.6.475.

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Different rates of mental illness have been reported in ethnic groups in the UK (Nazroo, 1997). Early work was criticised because of methodological flaws but more rigorous studies have confirmed high community prevalence rates of depression in both South Asian and African-Caribbean populations (Nazroo, 1997), high incidence and prevalence rates of psychosis in African-Caribbean groups (see Bhugra & Cochrane, 2001, for review), and higher rates of suicide in some South Asian groups (Neeleman et al, 1997) compared with the White British population. Similarly high rates have not been reported in the countries of origin of these groups (Hickling & Rodgers-Johnson, 1995; Patel & Gaw, 1996), which has led to a search for possible causes within the UK.

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Morris, Rohan Michael, William Sellwood, Dawn Edge, Craig Colling, Robert Stewart, Caroline Cupitt, and Jayati Das-Munshi. "Ethnicity and impact on the receipt of cognitive–behavioural therapy in people with psychosis or bipolar disorder: an English cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e034913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034913.

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Objectives(1) To explore the role of ethnicity in receiving cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for people with psychosis or bipolar disorder while adjusting for differences in risk profiles and symptom severity. (2) To assess whether context of treatment (inpatient vs community) impacts on the relationship between ethnicity and access to CBT.DesignCohort study of case register data from one catchment area (January 2007–July 2017).SettingA large secondary care provider serving an ethnically diverse population in London.ParticipantsData extracted for 30 497 records of people who had diagnoses of bipolar disorder (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code F30-1) or psychosis (F20–F29 excluding F21). Exclusion criteria were: <15 years old, missing data and not self-defining as belonging to one of the larger ethnic groups. The sample (n=20 010) comprised the following ethnic groups: white British: n=10 393; Black Caribbean: n=5481; Black African: n=2817; Irish: n=570; and ‘South Asian’ people (consisting of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi people): n=749.Outcome assessmentsORs for receipt of CBT (single session or full course) as determined via multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn models adjusted for risk and severity variables, in comparison with White British people; Black African people were less likely to receive a single session of CBT (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.82, p<0.001); Black Caribbean people were less likely to receive a minimum of 16-sessions of CBT (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.98, p=0.03); Black African and Black Caribbean people were significantly less likely to receive CBT while inpatients (respectively, OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.89, p=0.001; OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94, p=0.003).ConclusionsThis study highlights disparity in receipt of CBT from a large provider of secondary care in London for Black African and Caribbean people and that the context of therapy (inpatient vs community settings) has a relationship with disparity in access to treatment.

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Walsh, Elizabeth, Morven Leese, Pamela Taylor, Ingrid Johnston, Tom Burns, Francis Creed, Anna Higgit, and Robin Murray. "Psychosis in high-security and general psychiatric services." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 4 (April 2002): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.4.351.

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BackgroundSerious violence is an unusual but significant correlate of psychosis, and leads to the need for specialist secure psychiatric services. Most such service users have previously used general psychiatric services.AimsTo examine diagnostic and socio-demographic differences between high-security psychiatric service users from their peers in community services.MethodTwo groups of patients with psychosis were compared: a national sample of high-security hospital residents, and a sample of patients in contact with general psychiatric services.ResultsSchizophrenia was the almost invariable diagnosis for all special hospital patients. White patients in the community sample were significantly more likely to have affective components to their illness compared with African–Caribbean patients; unlike those in special hospitals. There was a small excess in the proportion of African–Caribbean patients in the special hospital group, controlling for diagnosis, gender and locality. Men were overrepresented in this group.ConclusionsAmong patients with psychosis, having a diagnosis of schizophrenia and being male increase the likelihood of special hospital admission. Suggestions that ethnic minority patients are much more likely to have engaged in serious violence and need high-security placement were not borne out.

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Bhugra, Dinesh, and Kamaldeep Bhui. "African–Caribbeans and schizophrenia: contributing factors." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 7, no. 4 (July 2001): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.7.4.283.

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The epidemiology and management of schizophrenia have been well studied over the past few decades. In the UK, key findings that have emerged time and again are the excess prevalence and incidence rates of schizophrenia among people of African–Caribbean origin. The reasons for this excess and the implications of this finding are many. The findings may reflect a true excess or a methodological artefact related to errors in the estimation of numerator and denominator data. The findings have been increasingly accepted as better designed studies have emerged, but these still do not fully address concerns about the nature of schizophrenia in other cultural groups and in societies in which industrialisation and economic productivity of the individual are not considered to be as crucial for an individual's sense of belonging in a community.

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Cayana, Ele. "POLITICAL SANKOFA: THE AFRO-ATLANTIC ROOTS AND ROUTES OF WALTER RODNEY\S INTELLECTUAL FORMATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 04 (April 30, 2022): 1150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14660.

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This essay broaches the historical concept of Political Sankofa. For West Africans, and the larger African Diaspora, the Akan concept of Sankofa engenders a look into the past to remember what has been lost. This step towards Africaness, whether physical or psychological, was strengthened by peripatetic Pan Africans, however, that era of collaboration is over, and Pan African politics has transformed. This unique collaboration reached its climax in the 1960s when most colonial territories in Africa and the Caribbean began to achieve political independence, however, independence was not enough to secure sustainable socioeconomic and spiritual progress. Political Sankofa attempts to fill that void in which positive values from an African past are used as a gauge to determine vigilance and vision. This essay attempts to offer an analysis by securing the voices of those who were directly responsible for coalescing the diaspora into a Pan African community. Also, the Walter Rodney Archives was instrumental in providing the personal desires and fears of this very Pan African, who I regard as one of the last of a dying breed. His work throughout Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States solidify one of this essays thesis that the routes are tantamount to the roots and the Homeland is not paramount to the Caribbean homeland, where many have sacrificed their lives to secure a future for their progeny. Ultimately, the quality of identity and leadership is at the crux of this essay, and the contemporary implications regard the cultural and economic sensibilities of the African Diaspora and the wider global agenda.

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Vyas, Avni, Alyson Greenhalgh, Janet Cade, Baljit Sanghera, Lisa Riste, Sangita Sharma, and Kennedy Cruickshank. "Nutrient intakes of an adult Pakistani, European and African-Caribbean community in inner city Britain." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 16, no. 5 (October 2003): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-277x.2003.00461.x.

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Stewart, Robert, Marcus Richards, Carol Brayne, and Anthony Mann. "Cognitive function in UK community-dwelling African Caribbean elders: normative data for a test battery." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 16, no. 5 (2001): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.384.

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Laurens, K. R., S. A. West, R. M. Murray, and S. Hodgins. "Psychotic-like experiences and other antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9–12 years: a comparison of ethnic and migrant groups in the United Kingdom." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 8 (October 15, 2007): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001845.

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BackgroundThe incidence of schizophrenia and the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the general adult population are elevated in migrant and ethnic minority groups relative to host populations. These increases are particularly prominent among African-Caribbean migrants to the UK. This study examined the associations of ethnicity and migrant status with a triad of putative antecedents of schizophrenia in a UK community sample of children aged 9–12 years. The antecedent triad comprised: (i) psychotic-like experiences; (ii) a speech and/or motor developmental delay or abnormality; and (iii) a social, emotional or behavioural problem.MethodChildren (n=595) and their primary caregivers, recruited via schools and general practitioners in southeast London, completed questionnaires. Four indices of risk were examined for associations with ethnicity and migrant status: (i) certain experience of at least one psychotic-like experience; (ii) severity of psychotic-like experiences (total psychotic-like experience score); (iii) experience of the antecedent triad; and (iv) severity of antecedent triad experiences (triad score).ResultsAfrican-Caribbean children, as compared to white British children, experienced greater risk on all four indices. There were trends for South Asian and Oriental children to present lowered risk on several indices, relative to white British children. Migration status was unrelated to any risk index.ConclusionPrevalence of the putative antecedents of schizophrenia is greater among children of African-Caribbean origin living in the UK than among white British children. This parallels the increased incidence of schizophrenia and elevated prevalence of psychotic symptoms among adults of African-Caribbean origin.

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Turner, Diane. "Black Music Traditions of Central Avenue." Practicing Anthropology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.20.1.b06g13202633r087.

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Because of the early development of an African American community on Central Avenue, the city of Tampa, Florida provides an excellent environment to document Black music traditions in the southeastern region of the United States. By the late nineteenth century, an urban Black working class had formed on Central Avenue. Black musicians were part of a distinct cultural community, including divergent lifestyles, which were organically linked to the rural and urban life experiences of Black people in the United States and the Caribbean.

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Chin, Timothy S. "Carribean migration and the construction of a black diaspora identity in Paul Marshall's Brown Girl, Brownstones." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2006): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002488.

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Analyses the novel 'Brown girl, brownstones' (1959) by Paule Marshall. Author argues that this novel offers a complex and nuanced understanding of how Caribbean migration impacts upon cultural identity, and how this cultural identity is dynamically produced, rather than static. He describes how the novel deals with Barbadian migrants to the US in the 1930s and 1940s, and further elaborates on how through this novel Marshall problematizes common dichotomies, such as between the public and the private, and between racial (black) and ethnic (Caribbean) identity. Furthermore, he indicates that Marshall through her representation of the Barbadian community, foregrounds the central role of women in the production of Caribbean identity in the US. In this, he shows, Bajan women's talk from the private sphere is very important. Further, the author discusses how the Barbadian identity is broadened to encompass Caribbean and African Americans in the novel, thus creating transnational black diaspora connections, such as by invoking James Baldwin and Marcus Garvey.

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Chin, Timothy S. "Carribean migration and the construction of a black diaspora identity in Paul Marshall's Brown Girl, Brownstones." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 80, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002488.

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Analyses the novel 'Brown girl, brownstones' (1959) by Paule Marshall. Author argues that this novel offers a complex and nuanced understanding of how Caribbean migration impacts upon cultural identity, and how this cultural identity is dynamically produced, rather than static. He describes how the novel deals with Barbadian migrants to the US in the 1930s and 1940s, and further elaborates on how through this novel Marshall problematizes common dichotomies, such as between the public and the private, and between racial (black) and ethnic (Caribbean) identity. Furthermore, he indicates that Marshall through her representation of the Barbadian community, foregrounds the central role of women in the production of Caribbean identity in the US. In this, he shows, Bajan women's talk from the private sphere is very important. Further, the author discusses how the Barbadian identity is broadened to encompass Caribbean and African Americans in the novel, thus creating transnational black diaspora connections, such as by invoking James Baldwin and Marcus Garvey.

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de Sánchez, Sieglinde Lim. "Crafting a Delta Chinese Community: Education and Acculturation in Twentieth-Century Southern Baptist Mission Schools." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2003): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00115.x.

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During Reconstruction between one-fourth and one-third of the southern African-American work force emigrated to northern and southern urban areas. This phenomenon confirmed the fears of Delta cotton planters about the transition from slave to wage labor. Following a labor convention in Memphis, Tennessee, during the summer of 1869, one proposed alternative to the emerging employment crisis was to introduce Chinese immigrant labor, following the example of countries in the Caribbean and Latin America during the mid nineteenth century. Cotton plantation owners initially hoped that Chinese “coolie” workers would help replace the loss of African-American slave labor and that competition between the two groups would compel former slaves to resume their submissive status on plantations. This experiment proved an unmitigated failure. African Americans sought independence from white supervision and authority. And, Chinese immigrant workers proved to be more expensive and less dependable than African-American slave labor. More importantly, due to low wages and severe exploitation by planters, Chinese immigrants quickly lost interest in agricultural work.

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Edge, Dawn, and Paul Grey. "An Assets-Based Approach to Co-Producing a Culturally Adapted Family Intervention (CaFI) with African Caribbeans Diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Their Families." Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (September 6, 2018): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.485.

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Objective: To determine how to improve the cultural appropriateness and acceptability of an extant evidence-based model of family intervention (FI), a form of ‘talking treatment,’ for use with African Caribbean service users diagnosed with schizophrenia and their families.Design: Community partnered participatory research (CPPR) using four focus groups comprising 31 key stakeholders.Setting: Community locations and National Health Service (NHS) mental health care settings in northwest England, UK.Participants: African Caribbean service users (n=10), family members, caregivers and advocates (n=14) and health care professionals (n=7).Results: According to participants, components of the extant model of FI were valid but required additional items (such as racism and discrimination and different models of mental health and illness) to improve cultural appropriateness. Additionally, emphasis was placed on developing a new ethos of delivery, which participants called ‘shared learning.’ This approach explicitly acknowledges that power imbalances are likely to be magnified where delivery of interventions involves White therapists and Black clients. In this context, therapists’ cultural competence was regarded as fundamental for successful therapeutic engagement and outcomes.Conclusions: Despite being labelled ‘hard-to-reach’ by mainstream mental health services and under-represented in research, our experience suggests that, given the opportunity, members of the African Caribbean community were highly motivated to engage in all aspects of research. Participating in research related to schizophrenia, a highly stigmatized condition, suggests CPPR approaches might prove fruitful in developing interventions to address other health conditions that disproportionately affect members of this community.Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 2): 485-492; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S2.485.

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RICHARDS, MARCUS, CAROL BRAYNE, CECILY FORDE, MELANIE ABAS, and RAYMOND LEVY. "SURVEYING AFRICAN CARIBBEAN ELDERS IN THE COMMUNITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH ON HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICE USE." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199601)11:1<41::aid-gps273>3.0.co;2-a.

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Tesfai, Rebbeca, and Kevin J. A. Thomas. "Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649219844799.

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The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, most studies focus on Hispanic populations, excluding one of the fastest growing immigrant groups: foreign-born blacks. Because of their shared race, African and Caribbean immigrants may experience the same structural barriers as U.S.-born blacks. However, researchers hypothesize that black immigrants are advantaged in the labor market relative to U.S.-born blacks because of social network hiring and less discrimination by employers. Using 2011–2015 pooled American Community Survey data, this study is among the first quantitative studies to examine black immigrants’ occupational segregation in the United States. The authors use the Duncan and Duncan Dissimilarity Index to estimate black immigrants’ segregation from U.S.-born whites and blacks and regression analyses to identify predictors of occupational segregation. Consistent with previous work focusing on Hispanic immigrants, foreign-born blacks are highly overrepresented in a few occupations. African and Caribbean immigrants experience more occupational segregation from whites than the U.S.-born, with African immigrants most segregated. Africans are also more segregated from U.S.-born blacks than Caribbean immigrants. Results of the regression analyses suggest that African immigrants are penalized rather than rewarded for educational attainment. The authors find that the size of the coethnic population and the share of coethnics who are self-employed are associated with a decline in occupational segregation. Future research is needed to determine the impact of lower occupational segregation on the income of self-employed black immigrants.

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Cosma, Georgina, David Brown, Nicholas Shopland, Steven Battersby, Sarah Seymour-Smith, Matthew Archer, Masood Khan, and A. Graham Pockley. "PROCEE: a PROstate Cancer Evaluation and Education serious game for African Caribbean men." Journal of Assistive Technologies 10, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jat-12-2015-0035.

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Purpose Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the UK. Black men are in a higher prostate cancer risk group possibly due to inherent genetic factors. The purpose of this paper is to introduce PROstate Cancer Evaluation and Education (PROCEE), an innovative serious game aimed at providing prostate cancer information and risk evaluation to black African-Caribbean men. Design/methodology/approach PROCEE has been carefully co-designed with prostate cancer experts, prostate cancer patients and members of the black African-Caribbean community in order to ensure that it meets the real needs and expectations of the target audience. Findings During the co-design process, the users defined an easy to use and entertaining game which can effectively raise awareness, inform users about prostate cancer and their risk, and encourage symptomatic men to seek medical attention in a timely manner. Originality/value During focus group evaluations, users embraced the game and emphasised that it can potentially have a positive impact on changing user behaviour among high risk men who are experiencing symptoms and who are reluctant to visit their doctor.

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Dickson, Anna K. "The EC and its Associates: Changing Priorities." Politics 15, no. 3 (September 1995): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1995.tb00133.x.

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An important area in which the Single European Act (SEA) has failed to agree a common policy is in its approach towards the developing countries. This paper examines the changing nature of the relationship between the European Community (EC) and its developing country partners, in particular the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states, as the EC moves toward a more integrated community. It argues that as the EC attempts to incorporate the former Eastern bloc into free market liberalism with new policies of association, ACP interests are in danger of becoming marginalised.

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Saltus, Roiyah, and Elizabeth Folkes. "Understanding dignity and care: an exploratory qualitative study on the views of older people of African and African‐Caribbean descent." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 14, no. 1 (March 8, 2013): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14717791311311094.

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Kehinde, Ojetayo Gabriel. "African and african diasporic religions: reflections on the relevance and prospects of african indigenous religion." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 3933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-067.

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The importance of Religion in any human community cannot be over emphasized. Man’s need to reach out to the divine being higher and mightier than himself appears to be both basic and universal. Man felt this need when mystified by forces of nature, threatened by ferocious wild beasts and perplexed by death and hereafter. The affirmation of transcendental being is the core of religion. Hardly did any human civilization row in early times without giving due recognition to religion. This paper posits that before the advent of foreign religions there had been the indigenous religion upheld by African forebears and passed on to succeeding generations. The paper argues that African Traditional Religion is the religion which emerged from the sustaining faith held by the forebears of the present African generation and which is being practiced today in various forms and intensities by a good number of people irrespective of their colour, tribe or race, openly or surreptitiously. The studies reveals that African Traditional Religion is not a fossil religion (a thing of the past) but a religion that Africans today have made theirs by living it and practicing it. Although African Traditional Religion with minority of adherents all over the globe had spread to some areas on the planet earth especially where Africans are found and has influenced the lives of even non-Africans. African Traditional Religion is found in America especially, the Caribbean Islands, Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil among others. The researcher employed historical method in carrying out the research.

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Millward, Peter. "Book Review: Paul Ian Campbell, Football, Ethnicity and Community: The Life of an African-Caribbean Football Club." Sociology 54, no. 2 (November 12, 2019): 422–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519882632.

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Prinanda, Devita, and Haryo Prasodjo. "Strengthening North-South Relations: The Case of EU and ECOWAS Cooperation." Global Focus 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jgf.2021.001.02.6.

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Regional integration is discussing cooperation among states in a region and the influence of external states or organizations. The cooperation among regions is known as inter-regionalism. As a leader in regional integration, European Union (EU) has been cooperating with the other regions since their name was European Economic Community. Firstly, Europe established relations in the form of political dialogue and cooperation with ASEAN and Asian countries. For this occasion, the EU established Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM). Subsequently, the EU created external relations with African, Caribbean, & Pacific (ACP), South American, etc. This research elaborates on the relation of the EU with the West African region. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the regional institution chosen by the EU to engage in the relationship. Some scholars acknowledged that ECOWAS is one of the most organized institutions in the African Region. Asymmetric relation between EU and ECOWAS denotes the relation of The North and The South countries. By analyzing the inter-regionalism framework, this paper exercises a liberal institutional perspective as the main paradigm. The results found that inter-regionalism could reinforce strong institutions in both regions.

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Mantovani, Nadia, Micol Pizzolati, and Steve Gillard. "Engaging communities to improve mental health in African and African Caribbean groups: a qualitative study evaluating the role of community well-being champions." Health & Social Care in the Community 25, no. 1 (October 5, 2015): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12288.

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Logie, Carmen H., Moses Okumu, Shannon Ryan, Dahlak M. Yehdego, and Nakia Lee-Foon. "Adapting and pilot testing the Healthy Love HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention intervention with African, Caribbean and Black women in community-based settings in Toronto, Canada." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 8 (February 13, 2018): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418754971.

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We adapted the Healthy Love Workshop (HLW), an HIV prevention workshop for African American women in the United States, for African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) women in Toronto, Canada. We conducted a pilot study with ACB women ( n = 80) in ten community-based settings with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2) and three-month follow-up (T3) surveys. Mixed-effect regression results indicated significant increases in condom use self-efficacy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) knowledge scores from T1 to T3. Qualitative feedback revealed increased STI knowledge, confidence using condoms and suggestions for future HLWs. Findings highlight the promise of the adapted HLW for HIV/STI prevention with ACB women in Canada.

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Maylor, Uvanney. "Black supplementary school leaders: Community leadership strategies for successful schools." Management in Education 34, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020620949543.

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Long established in the United Kingdom, Black supplementary schools are valued by Black parents for their ability to nurture the academic potential of Black students and achieve positive educational outcomes where mainstream schools sometimes fail. Through exploratory qualitative interviews conducted with a small group of African-Caribbean supplementary school leaders, this article seeks to understand Black supplementary school leaders’ perceptions of educational leadership and supplementary school success. Utilising Yosso’s perspective on ‘community cultural wealth’, in particular the ways in which Black communities provide and are rich in cultural/educational resources, the article examines the extent to which the leadership perceptions of Black supplementary school leaders are rooted in notions of community and serving, along with the leadership strategies they employ in creating successful schools. Such insights are especially important at a time when mainstream education continues to deliver poor educational outcomes for Black students.

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Morgan, Craig, and Paul Fearon. "Social experience and psychosis. Insights from studies of migrant and ethnic minority groups." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 16, no. 2 (June 2007): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004723.

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AbstractIn this paper we aim to provide an overview of initial findings from the UK ÆSOP study concerning ethnicity, social risk factors and psychosis, and to set the findings from this study within the context of other related research. Our focus is primarily on the UK African-Caribbean population. ÆSOP is a multi-centre population based incidence and case-control study of first episode psychosis, conducted initially over a three-year period. The study sample comprises: a) all patients with a first episode of psychosis who presented to secondary and tertiary services within tightly defined catchment areas in south-east London, Nottingham and Bristol, UK over defined time periods; and b) a random sample of healthy community controls. Findings from the ÆSOP study to date have confirmed that the African-Caribbean and Black African populations in the UK are at increased risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses, compared with the White British population. Analyses of data relating to social risk factors suggest that various forms of early childhood and adult adversity, and neighbourhood characteristics, including ethnic density, may be particularly important in contributing to increased risk in these populations. These data suggest that adverse social experiences maybe aetiologically relevant in schizophrenia and other psychoses. A more complete understanding of these factors may help us to clarify why there are differences in rates between populations.

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Khan, Aisha. "Dark Arts and Diaspora." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 17, no. 1 (June 2013): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.17.1.40.

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Exploring the relationship between diaspora and creolization, this article analyzes their shared theoretical foundation in the concept of community. With the premise that empirical evidence of social behavior is both a problematic and a necessity in understanding processes of diaspora and creolization, the article takes as its case in point a cultural phenomenon commonly known in the Atlantic World as obeah: magical practices using supernatural powers. Deriving largely from West and Central African religious traditions, but also from European and South Asian sources, obeah is consummately creole. It is found in various forms in virtually all Caribbean diasporas in North America and in other diaspora destinations such as the United Kingdom. Obeah’s fraught and complex four centuries of colonial history has rendered it as bane and succor at the same time, both embraced and denied by dominant as well as subaltern peoples. These qualities of ambivalence and ambiguity raise probing questions about the creation and role of “community” in producing diasporic identities and the transformational, creolized cultures they carry. The article will discuss obeah’s Caribbean slave plantation past and its diasporic present, asking how obeah, a creolelized, simultaneously inclusive and divisive phenomenon, figures in the formation of community and thus in defining and interpreting diaspora.

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Hovius, Christopher, and Jean-René Oettli. "Measuring the Challenge: The Most Favoured Treatment Clause in the Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Community and African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 3 (June 1, 2011): 553–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011019.

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In recent years, the European Community (EC) has concluded several trade agreements with several African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries. These agreements, designed as a means to help eradicate poverty through trade and development, are known as Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) and provide ACP countries with preferential and differential trade benefits. Each agreement contains most favoured nation (MFN) clauses, providing that the EC must be accorded any more favourable treatment that an ACP country grants to certain third states not party to the EPA falling within the agreement's definition of a 'major trading economy'. These third states, or 'major trading economies', include less developed emerging economic powers. This paper examines potential challenges to the EPAs' MFN clauses, providing an in-depth factual analysis of the MFN clauses and a determination of possible ways for disputes to arise mainly under World Trade Organization (WTO) law and, to a lesser extent, within the EPA dispute resolutions provisions. The major case study is the MFN clause contained in the EC-Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) agreement, but the similarities in MFN provisions make the arguments generally applicable across the spectrum of EPAs concluded between the EC and ACP countries.

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King Miller, Beverly A. "Navigating STEM: Afro Caribbean Women Overcoming Barriers of Gender and Race." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 215824401774268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017742689.

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This article explores issues related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), participation and underrepresentation specifically in regard to women of African descent. Drawing from a larger qualitative, grounded case study, the article examines the experiences of Panamanian Afro Caribbean women in STEM and their successful navigation of race and gender barriers related to education and employment in STEM. Ogbu and Banks are used to inform the discussion regarding the formation of group identity. Data were collected and triangulated by interviews, surveys, observations, and documents. The findings revealed that socio-cultural values and strategies from their Caribbean community provided the support needed to build a positive self-identity. In addition, middle-class values that included educational attainment and hard work further supported their persistence through STEM education and their participation in STEM careers. A new model, the Self-Actualization Model (SAM), emerged as graphic representation for presenting the findings.

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