Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Légumes – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Légumes – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides":
Assogba, Komlan, Sikirou Rachidatou, Adrien Boko, Charlotte Adje, Victoire Ahle, Raymond Vodouhe, Assa Ayémou, Enoch Achigan, and Prudent Anihouvi. "Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 15 (July 7, 2007): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.15.ipgri2-3.
Samake, Moussa, Savio Samake, and Ousmane Keïta. "Rôle du maraichage dans le développement socioéconomique à l’Office du Périmètre Irrigué de Baguineda." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.18.
Kinsou, Eliane, Abdou Madjid Amoussa, Armel Clément Goudjo Mensah, Julien Koffi Kpinkoun, Françoise Assogba Komlan, Hyacinte Ahissou, Latifou Lagnika, and Christophe Bernard Gandonou. "Effet de la salinité sur la floraison, la fructification et la qualité nutritionnelle des fruits du cultivar local Akikon de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) du Bénin." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i2.27.
"Pratiques phytosanitaires en agriculture périurbaine et contamination des denrées par les pesticides : cas des maraîchers de Port-Bouët (Abidjan)." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, July 31, 2019, 6847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-1.11.
Дисертації з теми "Légumes – Qualité – Teneur en pesticides":
Sahyoun, Wissam. "Analyse de pesticides dans les fruits et légumes : développement analytique et application de méthode QuEChERS, d-SPE et GC-MS/MS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR082.
Due to the widespread use of pesticides, a fraction of pesticide residues are present in fruits and vegetables. Pesticide contamination of food has become one of the serious problems. Global pesticide consumption has increased over the past decade due to continued population growth and rapid urbanization. Pesticides are highly toxic and long-term exposure to these chemicals causes health risks including neurological and respiratory diseases.This study focuses on the evaluation of the concentration of 34 pesticides in 60 conventionally and organically grown vegetables and fruits from various origins. Among these samples, some were studied in different forms, with and without washing, with and without skin. The purpose of the latter is to evaluate whether there is a simple gesture to reduce the content of pesticides in fruits and vegetables and thus reduce the health impacts of consumers.The work focuses firstly on the optimization of the extraction method, purification and final analysis of the extracts. The extraction method QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged, Effective and Safe) and the purification method d-SPE (dispersive Solid Phase Extraction) were used. The final extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of each pesticide. The set of procedures has been optimized and it provides good sensitivity, selectivity, good yield that varies from 70% to 120%, and good precision with RSD <20%. The application of the method on real samples allows the determination of pesticides in 85% of the samples. The concentrations of pesticides detected in vegetables and fruits did not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the majority of pesticides. However, some pesticides were found at levels above MRLs for fruits and vegetables from Akkar in Northern Lebanon. Moreover, among the pesticides detected at high levels are those that have already been banned as in the case of Endosulfan. The results showed that some simple gestures can reduce the levels of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Indeed, washing with tap water and peeling significantly reduce pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. Organically grown fruits and vegetables have lower pesticide concentrations than conventionally grown ones. Very low pesticide concentrations or in some cases concentrations below the limit of quantification were determined for organically grown fruits and vegetables
Issert, Véronique. "Application de la biochimiluminescence aux immunodosages de pesticides dans les fruits, légumes et vins : mise au point d'une méthodologie et d'une instrumentation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20141.
Chabrol, Laurent. "Etude de la sorption de pesticides sur les sols : relations entre la qualité des eaux et les traitements phytosanitaires." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0022.
Diop, Amadou. "Diagnostic des pratiques d'utilisation et quantification des pesticides dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959895.
Floch, Carine. "Les enzymes du sol : étude de leurs potentialités bioindicatrices de contaminations par des métaux et des polluants organiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30070.
The main objective of this research was to determine the potential bioindicator of certain enzymatic activities to characterize the functioning and quality of soil in the context of metal and organic pollutions (i. E. Pesticides and conventional, organic or biological, and integrated management strategies). In a first step, a methodology for the quantification in soils of phenol oxidase activities has been developed, and further study on its sensitivity towards certain metals has been performed. Thereafter, different approaches have been apprehended through incubation under controlled laboratory conditions and field observations, made at scales ranging from plot to landscape. The enzymes studied are involved in the functioning of the major biogeochemical cycles of C (cellulase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and phenol oxidase), N (arylamidase), P (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase) and S (arylsulfatase). The results have clearly demonstrated the variability of response patterns of enzyme activities, with the type of contamination and physical and chemical characteristics of soils. This underlines the difficulty for selecting universal enzymatic bioindicators of soil quality for a wide range of perturbations. However, some enzymes, such as arylamidases and phenol oxidases, proved repeatedly to be indicators especially sensitive to disturbance applied to the different soils of this study. An interesting continuation of this work would be to integrate such kind of study of these potential bioindicators in networks of soil quality measurement. Finally, other microbial parameters were also studied, the functional diversity of bacterial communities (Biolog® Eco) and bacterial and fungal densities, but they have proved to be less relevant as soil quality indicators with regards to enzyme activities
Al, Fata Nizar. "Conception et exploitation d’un dispositif expérimental instrumenté pour la prévision de la dégradation de la qualité nutritionnelle et de l’inactivation microorganismes dans les fruits et légumes transformés." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0265/document.
Canning involves thermal treatments performed at high temperatures, which may alter nutrional quality of food products. Indeed, some vitamins, like vitamin C, are very heat sensitive.The aim of the project PREDINUT was to propose a decision support tool that predicts vitamin C (as indicator of nutritional quality) degradation in given conditions of time/temperature, in order to optimise processes.A thermoresistometer Mastia® was used to reach the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during canning. The impact of the variation pH, initial concentration of ascorbic acid or again partial pressure of oxygen in headspace, on ascorbic acid degradation was studied in model solution. Studies were also performed in apple puree, carrot puree and carrot juice in order to obtain a destruction profile of vitamin C in real foods. . The temperature range studied was from 95 to 125 °C, the fixed pH in model solution was from 2.5 to 5.5 in strict anaerobic conditions, and 3.5 in aerobic conditions (3.5 being the pH value of common fruits), initial concentrations of ascorbic acid varied from 150 to 900 mg/100mL, and the partial pressure of oxygen from 30000 to 100000 Pa. Foods were enriched in ascorbic acid (up to 450 mg/mL), and the pH value was not adjusted.Models were established to describe the kinetics of vitamin C degradation in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. En absence of oxygen ascorbic acid degradation was well described by a first order kinetics (except at pH = 4.5). In presence of oxygen the degradation speed increased with head-space oxygen’s partial pressure but very little with temperature. Apparent reaction orders varying from 0.5 to 0.75, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen in the headspace, fitted the data better than first-order.In foods, degradation kinetics of vitamin C appeared more complex, with eventual presence of plateaus followed by acceleration of the reaction. Definitely more knowledge on mechanisms is needed to predict ascorbic acid degradation in real foods
Boudesocque, Stéphanie. "Etude de la rétention du terbuméton et de son principal métabolite le terbuméton déséthyl dans les sols du bassin versant de la Vesle. Influence de la présence du cuivre(II). Application à l'amélioration de la qualité de l'eau." Reims, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REIMS025.
These works take place in the frame of the AQUAL project, a multi-field research program that aims at improving the quality of the water in the basin of the river Vesle. Our contribution to this program is twofold: to understand the mechanisms by which contaminants transfer from the soil to the aquifers and to reduce these transfers. The studied molecules are the terbumeton, a vineyard weed killer, and its main metabolite, the terbumeton desethyl. Indeed, the regular presence of these molecules in the water sources of the city of Reims raises some issues regarding the potable water resources. Thus, retention studies were undertaken on five soil samples which are representative of the Vesle basin: two samples from a naked vineyard soil, one sample from an under-bark vineyard soil, one sample from an under-grass vineyard soil and one sample from a field crop soil. We also studied the influence of copper(II) whose origin can be natural or anthropic. Before completing the sorption studies, we determined the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils. Both the under-grass vineyard soil and the field crop soil are rich in limestone and poor in clay whereas both the naked vineyard soil and the under-bark vineyard soil are rich in clay and poor in limestone. The retention of pesticides depends on the nature, the composition and the degree of vegetal cover of the soils. Besides, the presence of copper(II) has an influence on the retention of pesticides. In the part of our works dedicated to the reduction of the transfers, we performed, together with the company ARD (Pomacle, Marne), some adsorption experiments with the terbumeton and the terbumeton desethyl on a lignocellulosic substrate (LS). This biomaterial, extracted from wheat bran, can be used in place of activated carbon in order to clean up media contaminated by pesticides. Indeed, the retention capacities of the LS towards pesticides are very satisfactory, as well under a batch experimental process as under a column one
Jabali, Yasmine. "Development of analytical methods of the contamination of water by PAHs and pesticides along the Basin of "Abou Ali" River in North Lebanon." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF068/document.
Water pollution is one of the most thoughtful ecological threat imperiling the industrial and developing countries. Pollutants are released directly or indirectly into water resources such as rivers, lakes, aquifers and coastline waters without any suitable pre-treatment; thus transforming our aquatic systems into a dumpsite heavily polluted with toxic and persistent contaminants such as organic contaminants. Polycyclic Aromatics Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are among the most perilous organic pollutants that are found in trace levels in aquatic environments. For this reason, their analysis requires an extraction procedure followed by highly sensitive and specific analytical methods. In this context, this work has focused, as a first step, on the development of two separate analytical methods. The first one was dedicated to the extraction and analysis of the 16 priority PAHs in water, listed by the environmental protection agency (EPA). In this method, we have focused on the optimization and validation of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) parameters in order to reduce background noise. The second method was for the analysis of 48 pesticides in water where the solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry GC-MS/MS parameters were optimized and validated. Both methods were found to be highly sensitive, precise and selective for the analysis of these two families of organic contaminants. As for the second part of this work, the assessment of the water quality along the watershed of Abou Ali River, in terms of its contamination by PAHs and pesticides, was performed. For this aim, the previously developed and optimized methods were used for the analysis. The results obtained for surface water samples revealed a considerable contamination by PAHs and pesticides in different locations along the watershed. However, for groundwater samples no or very low concentrations of PAHs and pesticides were detected. This study is the first of its kind concerning the analysis of PAHs and pesticides in the studied area. It provided an overview of the water quality along the watershed and stressed on the importance to do ongoing measurements in order to have a complete database not only for the studied area or the North of Lebanon, but for all the regions in the Lebanese territory
Gratecap, Jean-Baptiste. "Agriculture biologique et qualité des eaux dans des aires d’alimentation de captage : diversité des postures techniques d’agriculteurs conventionnels et biologiques et pressions nitrate et pesticide induites." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0059/document.
Many problems with nitrate and pesticide contamination from agriculture exist in European drinking water catchments. In France, a new mitigation approach aims at preventing water quality degradation in explicitly targeting agricultural non-point source pollutions associated with leaching of nitrates and pesticides. This work aims at assessing the opportunity to develop organic farming in water catchment areas in order to reduce nitrate and pesticide leaching from root zone. The objective was to analyze both i) feasibility of conversions to organic farming on farms concerned by water preservation and ii) the potential impacts of these conversions in terms of nitrate and pesticide leaching reduction.To explore the potential contribution of organic farming in water catchment areas, we develop an innovative typology approach to characterize farmers’ conceptions and strategies related to cropping systems’ organization on the farm territory. Our method was tested in two French water catchment areas characterized by diversified production systems, where semi-structured interviews were carried out with conventional and organic farmers. Resulting typologies of farmers were used to assess leaching risks variability related with current cropping systems and to identify potential similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions. Nitrate and pesticide leaching risks for cropping systems were assessed and spatialized by using four agro-environmental indicators. Our results show major variations for all indicators at both study sites, for example N-surpluses which range from -105 to 192 kg N ha-1 year-1. These variations are deeply related with diversity of farmers’ conceptions summarized in typologies. To assess proximity of conventional farmers to organic farming, we used typologies to compare conceptions related to organization of cropping systems between conventional and organic farmers. By analyzing specificities of organic farmers’ conceptions, we determined three main criteria of proximity to organic farming; these criteria were then used to identify various degrees of proximity to organic farming among conventional farmers in the catchment areas.To assess potential contribution of organic farming to water preservation in catchment areas, we firstly compared nitrate leaching risks between conventional and organic cropping systems. Our results reveal low leaching risks from organic systems, characterized by reduced N-surpluses and lower bare soils frequencies in autumn. According to these results, massive development of organic farming should decrease nitrate leaching in our two water catchment areas. However, analysis of similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions shows that a majority of farmers are characterized by a low level of proximity to organic farming. Moreover, the farmers who show strongest similarities with organic farmers’ conceptions are already those with low leaching risks cropping systems. To significantly lower nitrate leaching risks, conversions should concern conventional farmers with low degree of proximity to organic farming