Дисертації з теми "Legitimate grounds"

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança no contexto do ordenamento jurídico, na vigência da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Especial atenção será dispensada à construção dos contornos da autovinculação do Poder Judiciário, que permite que o indivíduo possa ter a legítima expectiva de que o entendimento adotado pela jurisprudência será aplicado a seu caso e, em consequência, possa legitimamente definir sua conduta com base nesse entendimento, permitindo, por consequência, que a jurisprudência atue como base de confiança. Receberão atenção especial também os elementos que permitem aferir a aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança e avaliar a evolução da capacidade da jurisprudência para gear confiança no tempo. A pesquisa desenvolvida é exploratória quanto a sua técnica e justificativa quanto a seu objetivo. É exploratória, porque busca no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça assim como na doutrina elementos que permitam compreender a atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança; é justificativa quanto a seu objetivo, pois busca compreender os fenômenos jurídicos envolvidos na atuação da jurisprudência como base de confiança, buscando explicálos adequadamente e identificar, no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, os elementos que permitem construir a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário e que possibilitam estabelecer critérios para a aferição da aptidão da jurisprudência para gerar confiança. Deste estudo resulta que a autovinculação do Poder Judiciário no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a definição de seus contornos podem ser reconstruídas não apenas a partir de princípios estruturantes — como o princípio da igualdade e o princípio da segurança jurídica — e de postulados hermenêuticos — como o postulado da unidade e o postulado da coerência —, mas também dos diversos mecanismos que visam a assegurar que, uma vez que a interpretação do texto normativo pelo Poder Judiciário atingiu determinado grau de definitividade, ela seja adotada nos outros casos sujeitos à aplicação da norma, seja pelo Poder Judiciário, seja pela Administração Pública, exigindo-se que os indivíduos se conformem com a aplicação dessa interpretação, a partir dos quais pode ser induzida uma regra geral segundo a qual: a) o Poder Judiciário deve uniformizar e estabilizar a interpretação dada aos textos normativos e o conteúdo das normas a partir deles reconstruídas; b) uma vez uniformizado e estabilizado o conteúdo da norma, ele deverá ser adotado pelo Poder Judiciário e pela Administração Pública nos demais casos em que a norma for aplicável; e c) os indivíduos devem se conformar com essa aplicação. Resulta, também, que a utilização pelo Poder Judiciário (e, em alguns casos, também pela Administração Pública) de mecanismos processuais cuja aplicação pressupõe a existência de jurisprudência que ostente as características que a tornam apta a atuar como base de confiança fornece elementos para que se afira se a jurisprudência está apta a atuar como base de confiança e para acompanhar a evolução no tempo da capacidade da jurisprudência de gerar confiança e da intensidade da confiança gerada.
This work aims at analyzing precedents as the basis for legitimate expectation within the Brazilian legal system under the 1988 Constitution, especially concerning the definition of the circunstances under what will a precedent be considered binding, allowing individuals to legitimately expect that their cases will be ruled in accordance with the suitable precedent, and of the conditions for precedents to be deemed suitable to serve as grounds for legitimate expectation and of the criteria to gauge whether precedents can generate expectation. Attention will be given also to the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence. This research conducted is exploratory as to its method and justificatory as to its objective. It is exploratory because it seeks to find within the Brazilian legal system and case law, as well as within doctrine, instruments to understand the role of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation. It is justificatory as to its objective in that it seeks to understand the legal phenomena involved in precedents as the grounds for legitimate expectation, by seeking to explain such phenomena properly and to identify within the Brazilian legal system the conditions that must be present for precedent to become the grounds for legitimate expectation and the criteria that can be applied to assess whether precedent is suitable to generate expectation. This study has demonstrated that the hypothesis in which judicial courts must follow precedents can be defined not only according to principles and postulates, but also in accordance with the mechanisms provided for in the Brazilian legal system to ensure that, once the judiciary has consolidated the interpretation of a given legislative text, said interpretation is adopted in other cases that are subject to the application of the precedent whether by the judiciary or by public authorities, while demanding that individuals comply with the application of this interpretation. From these mechanisms, a general rule can be drawn whereby: a) the judiciary should standardize and consolidate the interpretation given to legislative texts and the content of the rules drawn therefrom; b) once the content of the rules are standardized and consolidated, they must be adopted by the judiciary and by the public administration in other cases to which the same standard applies; and c) individuals must comply with such application. This general rule evidences the boundaries of the binding effects of the precedents within the Brazilian legal system and the suitability of precedents as grounds for legitimate expectation, as a means to define the behavior to be adopted by the individual. These mechanisms also allow for the definition of the criteria to assess whether case law generates confidence and to follow the evolution of its capability of generating confidence.

Artificial intelligence has in recent years taken center stage in the technological development. Major corporations, operating in a variety of economic sectors, are investing heavily in AI in order to stay competitive in the years and decades to come. What differentiates this technology from traditional computing is that it can carry out tasks previously limited to humans. As such it contains the possibility to revolutionize every aspect of our society. Until now, social science has not given the proper attention that this emerging technological phenomena deserves, a phenomena which, according to some, is increasing in strength exponentially. This paper aims to problematize AI in the light of democratic elections, both as an analytical tool and as a tool for manipulation. It also looks at three recent empirical cases where AI technology was used extensively. The results show that there in fact are reasons to worry. AI as an instrument can be used to covertly affect the public debate, to depress voter turnout, to polarize the population, and to hinder understanding of political issues.

Les droits finalisés apportent un éclairage sur un phénomène qui s’accroît en droit des contrats depuis la fin du XXe siècle : assortir une prérogative juridique d’une exigence de justification de son exercice. Licencier un salarié pour une cause réelle et sérieuse, congédier un locataire pour un motif légitime et sérieux, révoquer un mandataire pour une cause reconnue en justice ou encore un dirigeant social pour un juste motif… Dans de nombreuses situations, un contractant se trouve contraint de fournir des raisons légitimes pour exercer un droit. Afin de mieux saisir ce phénomène dans ses implications pratiques, l’objectif de l’étude réside dans la proposition d’une catégorie permettant d’expliquer la convergence, de lege lata, des régimes d’exercice d’un ensemble de prérogatives : les droits finalisés dans le contrat. Les droits finalisés servent à désigner les prérogatives juridiques ne pouvant être exercées que pour certains motifs concrets déterminés par la loi, le juge ou le contrat et dont le respect est judiciairement contrôlé
The finalized rights shed light on a phenomenon that has been increasing in contract law since the end of the twentieth century: to attach a legal prerogative to a requirement of justification for its exercise. Dismiss an employee for a real and serious cause, dismiss a tenant for a legitimate and serious reason, dismiss a mandatary for a cause recognized in court or a company manager for a just reason... In many situations, a contractor is compelled to provide legitimate reasons for exercising a right. To better understand this phenomenon in its practical implications, the objective of this study lies in the proposal of a category to explain the convergence, de lege lata, of the regimes for exercising a set of prerogatives: the rights finalized in the contract. The finalized rights serve to designate the legal prerogatives that can only be exercised for certain specific reasons determined by law, the judge or the contract and whose respect is judicially controlled

This study is based on 17 months' fieldwork in one of the largest and most symbolic towns of ex-Yugoslavia, Kragujevac, among the middle-aged, (un)employed and politically unorganised former employees of the former Zastava Cars auto-industry. Through participant observation in firms and labour activation programmes, with the addition of life stories and limited archival research, I follow my interlocutors' struggles to fashion a deserving position in a context where they cannot make a 'pure' moral stand to criticise their social disaffiliation. This happens in relation to the long-term transformations of employment, which disaffiliated, but also partially incorporated Zastava Cars' employees, resulting in a sense of complicity with the state and ethical compromise. Specifically, I focus on the rising under-productivity that Serbian industry has faced since the Yugoslav wars and Milošević's rule, in firms which continued to be increasingly state-funded under the market reforms of the 2000s, popularly understood as 'buying social peace'. Seen as the biggest 'victims' of privatisations but at the same time the most 'privileged' by the state programmes, Zastava Cars' workers have been gradually involved in ritualised simulations of productivity for the state, which I call 'mock-work'. While establishing partial security for many employees, I argue, the state politics of under-productive employment gradually became divorced from an inherited ethos of productivity, in which work (as both a profitable and life-fulfilling activity) was understood as a basis of fair rewards and a cornerstone of reciprocity. Waiting for the end of the work day with little or no activity to be done, or protesting for equal access to employment whilst knowing that those who do have jobs don't do the 'real' work either, created intensive affective registers between righteousness and complicity, nonchalance and shame. In this context, yearnings for 'proper' labour and 'proper' capitalism emerged as offering a clear arbiter of social worth and legitimacy, and hence, structural conditions for moral absolution. I argue that the market logic is here appropriated as something that absolves 'internal' problems in preserving unproductive employment, akin to the process Sahlins (1990) calls the 'humiliation' stage in cultural change. The study thus seeks to historicise, qualify and contextualize the dominant portrayals of 'precarity' and market hegemony in Serbia. It argues that market reforms, coupled with enduring institutional embeddedness of the labour market and industrial underproductivity in the region, ultimately created not just existential, but moral struggles. These struggles are crucial for rekindling strong calls for work ethics that state neoliberal reforms end up utilising, and new political subjectivities in creation.

The use of teams and work groups in organizations has become increasingly more popular in the last decade. Within each of these groups, a leadership role must be filled in order for the team to achieve its task. This study posited that the method by which the leader comes into this role may have a direct impact on the group's performance and its perceptions of the group's interpersonal processes and efficiency, satisfaction with the group, satisfaction with the group output, and support for the leader. In addition, the influence of leader assignment was expected to change based on the level of interdependence required by the task. One hundred forty-eight subjects were assigned to one of four conditions in a 2X2 design (appointed vs. elected leaders X high vs. low interdependence task), and were asked to fill out a questionnaire upon completion of their task. Results found that the higher level of interdependence was significantly related to more favorable ratings of Perceived Group Efficiency ( F =6.89, p <.05) and Satisfaction with Group Output ( F =7.69, p <.05). Possible limitations and future research opportunities are addressed.
Master of Science

This research investigates accounting practices in four Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs). It seeks to understand how accounting is practiced and the situations which sustain its undertaking. The peculiar role of local governments in the delivery of public services and the influence of accounting on the same has motivated this study (Lapsley & Mussari, 2008). It has also been driven by the inadequacy of interpretive theoretically based informed studies into public sector entities, and the limited accounting research in the emerging economies (Goddard, 2010). The study applies an interpretive approach to investigate accounting in the organisations in which it operates (Ahrens & Mollona, 2007), and executes a grounded theory method to develop a theory systematically from the raw data (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). In order to ensure the general application of the emergent theory beyond the case studies, the development of a formal grounded theory was sought. This research revealed that the operations of the Tanzanian LGAs were constrained by factors such as deficient regulatory systems, political interference, donors’ influences, and funding uncertainties. These conditions forced the technocrats to use important accounting practices, such as budgeting, auditing, financial reporting, and performance measurement to manipulate the organisational legitimacy. The process of legitimacy manipulation ensured the availability of resources for the LGAs and the attainment of the individual interests of the Councils’ officials. This study contributes to the interpretive approach in emerging economies. Also, meta-coding, intra-relationships of categories, and development of formal grounded theory, add new insights to the grounded theory analysis. It is also worth noting that the study integrates the emergent theory within the New Institutional Sociology (NIS) framework. It was not intended to test NIS, but rather, to adopt it as a theoretical lens that assisted interpretation of the research findings. In the NIS framework, the study establishes the simultaneous achievement of legitimacy and efficiency, recognises multiple sources of loose coupling, and the influence of performance management on shaping accounting practices in the public sector organisations. It also offers the micro reactions of the Councils’ officials, and recognises the different patterns of the officials’ responses across Councils and service deliveries. The study argues that in emerging economies considerations of a country’s local contexts has the potential to minimise any counter-productivity of reform programs. Moreover, this research appeals for a holistic approach to the reform programs, harmonization of laws and regulations, the institution of efficient financial management and reporting mechanisms, and the improvement of employee welfare in the Tanzanian Councils.

This research explored the nursing role in the Indonesian ED setting through a social constructivist lens. The emergency department (ED) nursing role in Indonesia is considered strategic in achieving quality outcomes and yet the nursing role in this context lacks clarity and visibility. This study generated two key analytical concepts: shifting boundaries and lacking authority. The interrelationship of these concepts constructed a core category, securing legitimate power, which reflects the social structural processes underpinning the development of the ED nursing role. The findings of this research pose a theoretical explanation of the ways in which the interplay of gender, society, knowledge and power has positioned nursing within the Indonesian health care system and society more broadly. The findings contribute to the development of a body of knowledge that challenges the status quo of nursing in Indonesia and that will ultimately enhance the professional status of this sector.

L'objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre les mécanismes qui ont conduit à la légitimation d’une entreprise familiale au sein d’un marché innovant, celui de la mobilité électrique. Premièrement, dans la revue de littérature, nous avons mis en évidence le lien entreprise familiale / innovation / légitimité, la question de la légitimation de l’entreprise familiale dans un secteur innovant étant peu abordée dans la littérature. Nous nous sommes alors orientés vers la méthode de la théorie enracinée intégrée dans le réalisme critique. L’analyse de l’entreprise Lorbeer nous a permis d’étudier en profondeur les effets du capital social et du familiarisme dans un secteur innovant. Par l’émergence d’une « théorie enracinée », nous avons mis à jour un processus de légitimation par accumulation des ressources, structuré autour du développant du capital social familial et s’inscrivant dans un modèle d’intéressement proche de celui développé par Akrich, Callon et Latour (1988)
The objective of this research is to understand the mechanisms that led to the legitimation of a family business in an innovative market, that of electric mobility. First, in the literature review, we highlighted the link between family business / innovation / legitimacy, the question of the legitimation of the family business in an innovative sector being little addressed in the literature. We then turned to the method of grounded theory integrated into critical realism. The analysis of the Lorbeer company allowed us to study in depth the effects of social capital and familiarization in an innovative sector. By the emergence of a "grounded theory", we have developed a process of legitimation by accumulation of resources, structured around the development of family social capital and forming part of a similia actornetwork model developed by Akrich , Callon and Latour (1988)

Cette thèse examine les stratégies des think tanks (TTs) européens pour influencer les processus de formation des politiques publiques de l’Union européenne (UE). Cette étude comparative explore des TTs, basés à Bruxelles, qui fonctionnent au niveau supranational, ainsi que des TTs basés en France, en Slovénie et au Royaume-Uni. L’analyse des données empiriques est guidée par le cadre conceptuel combinant la théorie des champs de Bourdieu et ses développements récents avec le concept des frontières et l’approche des réseaux sociaux. Cette étude propose une nouvelle conceptualisation des TTs européens comme un champ transnational. En plus de la dimension horizontale de ce champ, qui se reflète dans sa position intermédiaire entre les champs adjacents, la thèse identifie les mécanismes de son institutionnalisation verticale au niveau européen. La thèse affirme que ces deux dimensions permettent aux membres de ce champ d’accumuler et d’utiliser stratégiquement des formes spécifiques de capital pour augmenter leur légitimité, crédibilité et visibilité sur la scène politique de Bruxelles et ainsi être en capacité d’influencer les institutions européennes. Cette recherche souligne l’importance particulière du capital symbolique et des réseaux qui établissent les frontières symboliques et sociales de ce champ et contribuent à la légitimité du système politique de l’UE lui-même. La topographie des positions des TTs selon le volume et la structure de leur capital dans leur propre champ permet de déterminer leur statut d’« insider » ou « outsider » dans le champ politique européen. Cette thèse apporte des réponses aux questionnements relatifs au « déficit démocratique » et à la légitimité de l’UE, en montrant l’accès privilégié de certains TTs aux institutions européennes, mais aussi l’insuffisance des mesures de transparence, qui règlent leurs relations. Elle contribue à la discussion sur la transformation de la production des connaissances sous l’influence des demandes politiques, économiques et médiatiques
This thesis examines the strategies used by European think tanks (TTs) to influence the EU policy making process. It includes in its comparative analysis both Brussels-based TTs, which function at the supranational level, and TTs from France, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. The analysis of empirical data is built upon a flexible conceptual framework combining Bourdieu’s field theory and its recent developments with the concept of boundaries and the social network approach. This study proposes a new way of conceptualising European TTs as a transnational field. While acknowledging a horizontal dimension of the TT field, reflected in its intermediary position between adjacent fields, the thesis identifies mechanisms which account for its vertical institutionalisation at the European level. The thesis argues that both these dimensions of the European TT field allow its members to accumulate and strategically use specific forms of capital in order to enhance their legitimacy, credibility and visibility in the Brussels policy making scene and to gain political influence on the EU institutions. This research emphasises the particular importance of symbolic and network capital which fix the symbolic and social boundaries of the European TT field, as well as contributing to the legitimacy of EU policy making itself. Mapping the structural topography of the positions of European TTs in their own field according to the volume and structure of their capital allows us to determine their “insider” or “outsider” status in the EU political field. This thesis joins current debates concerning the challenges of the EU’s “democratic deficit” and legitimacy, by showing the more privileged access of “insider” think tanks to the EU institutions, but also the insufficiency of transparency measures which regulate their relations. Finally, it furthers the wider discussion of transformation of knowledge production under the influence of political, economic and media demands

A partir de l’étude approfondie du cas du groupe Accor, l’objet de ce travail de recherche est de comprendre quels facteurs peuvent influencer la prise en compte, par les hôtels affilés à un groupe multinational, de la politique environnementale globale définie par leur maison-mère.La maison-mère déploie une politique environnementale identique dans le monde entier, mais les hôtels affiliés ne répondent pas tous de la même façon à ses directives ; les comportements environnementaux diffèrent non seulement entre les différents pays où ces établissements se situent, mais également dans le même pays. Les particularités du contexte local dans lequel s’implantent les hôtels affiliés peuvent partiellement expliquer cette hétérogénéité. En outre, parallèlement aux facteurs institutionnels – qu'ils soient corporatifs ou issus du contexte local–, les caractéristiques spécifiques à chaque hôtel sont également susceptibles d’influencer son comportement environnemental
On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the Accor group c ase, the purpose of this research is to study with focus the factors influencing the application of the global environmental policies defined by a parent company among affiliated hotels in multinational groups. Even though the parent company deploys an identical environmental policy around the world, results show that not all affiliated hotels respond in the same way to the parent company directives. Furthermore, we have been able to observe differences in environmental behaviour not only between hotels located in different countries but also in the hotels of the same country. Such an heterogeneity can be attributed partially to particularities of the local context in which the affiliated hotels are located. In addition, to previous institutional factors - whether it was from a corporate or local based - the specific characteristics of each hotel are also likely to influence its environmental behavior
تمهيـــــد: بناءً على دراسة متعمقة لحالة مجموعة أكور، الغـرض من هـذا البحــــث هو فهـــم العـــوامـل التي يمكـــن أن تؤثر علـى تطبيـق الفنادق التابعـة لمجموعـة متعددة الجنسـيات للسياســـة البيئية العامة المحددة من قبل ادارتهم المركزيةالادارة المركزية للمجموعات الفندقية توجه ســــــياســــــــة بيئية موحدة لجميع فنادقها في جميع أنحاء العالـم، لكن الفنادق التابعــــة لا تســــــتجيب جميعــها بنفـــــس الطريقـة لتوجيهات المركز ؛ لا يختلف الســـلوك البيئي للفنادق التابعــــة فقط بســـــــبب اختلاف البلدان التي تتـواجد فيها هذه الفنادق، وانما يخـتلف ايضا بين فنــادق متــواجدة في نفــــس البلد. يمكن لخصائص الســـياق المحلي للبيئة الذي توجد فيها الفنادق أن تفـســــر جزئيًا عدم التجانــــــس فيما بينها. علاوةً على ذلك، إلى جانب العوامل المؤســســـاتية – ســــواء كانت توجيهية من المركز أو ســـياقيـة من البيئـة المحليــة - من المرجح أن خصـائـص كل فندق تؤثر ايضاَ على ســــــلوكه البيئي

Magistro darbe nagrinėjamas dar senovės Romos teisėje suformuotas vienas iš nuosavybės teisės įgijimo pagrindų – įgyjamosios senaties institutas, jo taikymo sąlygos. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti įgyjamosios senaties instituto taikymo sąlygų, t.y. sąžiningai atsiradusio bei sąžiningo, teisėto, atviro bei nepertraukiamo valdymo bei daikto valdymo kaip savo, turinį, apibendrinti Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo praktiką. Darbe analizuojama daikto valdymo kaip faktinės būsenos ir kaip savarankiškos daiktinės teisės samprata, jų atsiradimo ir pasibaigimo momentų ir pagrindų santykis. Didelis dėmesys yra skiriamas teismų praktikoje kilusioms įgyjamosios senaties instituto taikymo problemoms, pateikiami jų pavyzdžiai ir galimi sprendimo būdai.
This study is devoted to the analysis of the acquisitive prescription (its conditions) as the foundation of the acquisition of ownership. Acquisitive prescription derives from Roman law. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the subject-matter of conditions of the acquisitive prescription – the acquisition of the thing in good faith, the possession of it in good faith, legitimately, openly, continuously as its own, to summarize the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania. The fact of possession itself, also the possession as an independent right in rem, the relation of the acquisition and the termination moments and grounds are also analyzed. The extensive attention is given to problems araised from the practice of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, the examples of such problems and its possible solutions also are given.

Engaging Queensland primary teachers in professional associations can be a challenge, particularly for subject-specific associations. Professional associations are recognised providers of professional learning. By not being involved in professional associations primary teachers are missing potential quality professional learning opportunities that can impact the results of their students. The purpose of the research is twofold: Firstly, to provide a thorough understanding of the current context in order to assist professional associations who wish to change from their current level of primary teacher engagement; and secondly, to contribute to the literature in the area of professional learning for primary teachers within professional associations. Using a three part research design, interviews of primary teachers and focus groups of professional association participants and executives were conducted and themed to examine the current context of engagement. Force field analysis was used to provide the framework to identify the driving and restraining forces for primary teacher engagement in professional learning through professional associations. Communities of practice and professional learning communities were specifically examined as potential models for professional associations to consider. The outcome is a diagrammatic framework outlining the current context of primary teacher engagement, specifically the driving and restraining forces of primary teacher engagement with professional associations. This research also identifies considerations for professional associations wishing to change their level of primary teacher engagement. The results of this research show that there are key themes that provide maximum impact if wishing to increase engagement of primary teachers in professional associations. However the implications of this lies with professional associations and their alignment between intent and practice dedicated to this change.

Armed, illegal non-state actors control small but important sectors of both Brazil and Colombia. In these two countries, traffickers and large gangs concentrated in urban (and, in Colombia's case, also rural) areas clash heavily with state security forces, dominate significant numbers of the urban poor, and play a large, threatening role in the public's imagination. Some vital research has been done on the political and sociological dynamics within the zones controlled by these actors, but there is less in the literature that deals with the specific activities of community media and their relations with the ruling gangs and with local residents. This dissertation focuses on two community media groups, one in Bogotá, and one in Rio de Janeiro, both of which operate in informal urban slums controlled by gangs. It argues that in both cases these groups provide some checks to manifestations of authoritarian aggression, the infliction of arbitrary violence on residents and the climate of fear promulgated by the armed actors in these communities. These community media groups are able to do this by capitalizing on community resistance, by building informal relations and networks with gang membership, and by mobilizing notions of political legitimacy.
acase@tulane.edu

Celem niniejszej dysertacji jest zrekonstruowanie sposobów charakteryzowania liderów w polskiej prasie biznesowej. Projekt ma się przyczynić do eksploracji tego zagadnienia poprzez zidentyfikowanie kategorii i kryteriów, jakich prasa używa do opisywania ludzi uznanych za liderów przez branżę medialną, oraz wskazać cechy wpływające na podnoszenie poziomu legitymizacji lidera.Do badania zastosowano klasyczną wersję teorii ugruntowanej rozwijaną przez Barneya Glasera, która skupia się na uchwyceniu wzorców postępowania ważnych, ale i problematycznych, dla zaangażowanych w proces społeczny jednostek (Glaser, 1978). Analiza zebranego materiału empirycznego tą metodą pozwoliła wyodrębnić najważniejsze kategorie opisu, w tym scharakteryzować postać lidera, wymienić działania w organizacji uwarunkowane motywami i potrzebami wewnętrznymi, jak i tymi zgłaszanymi z zewnątrz, oraz przedstawić nastawienie otoczenia wobec lidera oraz daną legitymację społeczną.
This dissertation aims to reconstruct the ways of characterizing leaders in the Polish business press. The project explores categories and criteria, which are used to describe a person being perceived as a leader by media industries, and to identify hallmarks that affect leveraging leadership legitimacy.The study used principles of a classic grounded theory approach articulated by Barney Glaser. It focuses on capturing patterns of conduct among those involved in the social process (Glaser, 1978). The findings offer insights into the process of image building. Analysis of the collected empirical material in this way has allowed to extract the main categories of leader’s description, including features of a person recognized as a leader, activities in the organization conditioned by motives and internal needs as well as those reported from the outside. It concludes by highlighting the attitude of members of the environment toward the leader with respect to legitimacy.