Дисертації з теми "Lecture de mots"
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Liddle, Michael. "Des mots aux valeurs enseigner à lire." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599193b.
Повний текст джерелаAuclair, Laurent. "Attention et lecture : indicage spatial dans la lecture de mots et de pseudomots." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29038.
Повний текст джерелаThe experiments presented in this study deal with the role of attention in reading. Three principals questions are adressed. Firstly, we want to determine if the identification of a written word is entirely automatic or is there some need for selective attention? if word recognition needs for attention, is word identification based on a selection of the whole string (for example the whole word) or is it based on a selection of a smaller unit (for example, the letter). Finally, we want to specify if the involvement of attention in reading depends on the familiarity of the letter string to read. We chose to examine the role of attention in the identification of a letter string by manipulating spatial attention with a cue presented immediately before the appearance of the letter string. The visual letter string presented after the visual precue is either a familiar word or a pronounceable nonword (pseudoword). In addition to the lexical status, we manipulate the length of the visual letter strings. They have 4,6,8 or 10 letters. In a first study (experiments 1,2,3 et 4), spatial attention is drawn in advance by presenting a cue either near the beginning or the end of a foveal letter string. Our empirical data show that letters situated near the cued side are better identified than letters on the uncued side but this cueing effect is stronger for pseudowords than for words. In a second study (experiments 5 and 6), we vary the size of the cue rather than only its location in the visual field. Different cues will set the subject's attention on visual areas of different size. Results show better performance when the cue indicates the size of the letter string than when the cue indicates a shorter size. Furthermore, we show that an adequate preparation to the global size of the letter string is more beneficial to the identification of words than pseudowords, at least for 10-letter strings. Taken together these results can help to develop a model of the attentional processing in reading close to the model proposed by laberge & brown (1989). Words identification could require an alignement of attention on the entire letter string whereas unfamiliar letter string processing could engage a complementary kinds of operations: the selection of individual letters or letter-clusters followed by an orienting of attention along the string
Chetail, Fabienne. "Rôle de la syllabe dans la reconnaissance visuelle de mots en lecture : étude chez le lecteur expert et l'apprenti lecteur." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21546.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to investigate the role of the syllable in the processes of visual word recognition in skilled and beginning readers. In adults, the nature of syllabic effects (Experiments 1-4) and the joined role of orthographic information (Experiments 5-8) is examined. In children, the use and the role of syllable units are assessed, related to their phonological habilities and reading level (Experiments 9-12). In these experiments, the effects of syllable frequency, syllable congruency, and syllable-length were tested in the lexical decision task and the word naming task, combined or not with masked priming. Taken together, the data support the assumption of a functional role of syllable units during lexical access, in both adults and children. Furthermore, the results make it possible to specify the processes underlying syllable effects (sub-lexical activation and lexical inhibition), and the variables influencing the strength of these effects (syllabic and orthographic characteristics of stimuli, type of task, reading level of the participants). The data are discussed in current model of lexical access incorporating syllable representations
Rey, Arnaud. "Orthographe et phonologie dans la perception des mots écrits." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11061.
Повний текст джерелаLiddle, Michael. "Des mots aux valeurs : enseigner a lire." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030133.
Повний текст джерелаBased on the linguistic model proposed by antoine culioli, this work presents pedagogically oriented strategies for eliminating certain problems encountered by anglophone university students when reading or writing in french. The methodology presented includes fifteen units, each comprising three sections : theoretical background, objectives and strategies, and a model course
Lété, Bernard. "Aspects temporels de la reconnaissance des mots pendant la lecture." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOL011.
Повний текст джерелаSix experiments were carried out to investigate word recognition in reading. A new version of self-paced reading (spr ii) is used. Spr ii makes the distinction between the word display time (pressing time = pt) and the blank screen (releasing time = rt). Each time is referred to as particular processing stage: pt would be referred to the lexical identification; rt would represent the use of lexical identification. The two stages make the difference between pre- and postlexical processes, respectively. Word frequency is manipulated to affect the two referred stages of processing. Experiments 1, 2 and 3 show: 1) the frequency affects the targets'pt and rt, and the post-targest' rt when subjects read texts; 2) the frequency effect is observed only with targets'pt when subjects read the same words in list-word context. Descriptive analyses show that the observed effect on the targets' pt actually depends upon the subjects' reading strategies and perceptual constraints. This result is replicated in experiment 4 in which a frequency post-effect is observed. Finally, in experiments 5 and 6, the condition for a frequency post-effect to be shown are argued together with the technique used
Leloup, Gilles. "Lecture et Compétences reliées à la lecture chez des adultes dyslexiques universitaires." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070006.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the assessment of reading skills and reading-related skills among adult with developmental dyslexia (DD) aged 20 to 30 for whom a diagnosis of DD had been established in the early years of schooling. We compared 24 adult with DD to 60 typical reader of the same chronological age and having been schooled at least during 2 years at the University) in a group study (to highlight the skills that are deficient in adult students with DD) and a multiple case study (to highlight the proportion adult students with DD who, for a given skill, had a deficit) in 4 experiments. The first was focused on reading-related skills (phonemic segmentation, phonological and visual short-term memory [STIVI], working memory, Visual abilities and rapid naming [RAN]); the second on word-level reading skills; and the third on reading comprehension, which was compared to listening comprehension with a protocol as similar as possible in terms of language and memory load; the focus of the fourth experiment was on visuo-attentional processing, assessed using two tasks: a detection target's task and a research target's task. In almost ail these experiments, accuracy and speed were examined. The results confirm the robustness and the frequency of the deficits in adult with DD in three major areas: (1) word-level readïng skills, (2) reading-related phonological skills (phonemic segmentation, phonological STM, working memory, and rapid naming), and (3) sentence comprehension, whatever the modality (written or oral). Comparatively, the Visual and visuo-attentional deficits are less robust and less prevalent
Vinckier, Fabien. "Physiologie et physiopathologie de la reconnaissance visuelle des mots." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066547.
Повний текст джерелаRiva, Miléna. "Attention spatiale et lecture de mots parafovéaux chez l’enfant d’âge scolaire et l’adulte." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H116.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough word reading benefits from some automatism, spatial attention plays a meaningful role in word identification. The improvement of reading skills may be accompanied with an evolution of the attentional demands or of the attentional control in reading. The first goal of this thesis was to investigate the evolution of the role of spatial attention in reading in school-age children in comparison with young adults. Attention plays a greater role in parafoveal words identification than in foveal words. Yet, when presenting parafoveal words, right visual field (RVF) words are better identified than left visual field words. Spatial attention might play a role in this RVF superiority in reading, in relation to hemispheric specialization and reading direction. When subjects attend a parafoveal word, an attentional biasin favour of the RVF develops. The second goal of this thesis was to investigate the attentional bias hypothesis. We conducted parafoveal word identification experiments in school-age children and in young adults, using several attentional paradigms (simultaneous distractor, distractor preceding the word presentation, probe at the word location). Results first showed that the attentional demandsin reading decreased with age, probably because of the evolution of the interaction between the attentional control and the reading systems. Moreover, RVF superiority for words may be explained, at least partially, in children and adults, by the RVF attentional bias. This RVF superiority is found in school-age children as in adults, even though some age-related modifications in attentional strategies have been found
Phenix, Thierry. "Modélisation bayésienne algorithmique de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots et de l'attention visuelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV075/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we propose an original theoretical framework of visual word recognition, and implement it mathematically to evaluate its ability to reproduce experimental observations of the field. A critical review of previous computational models leads us to define specifications in the form of a set of five hypotheses, that form the basis of the proposed theoretical framework: the model is built on a three-layer architecture (sensory, perceptual, lexical); letter processing is parallel; positional coding is distributed; finally, sensory processing involves gaze position, visual acuity, and visual attention distribution. To implement the model, we rely on the Bayesian algorithmic modeling methodology, and define the BRAID model (for "Bayesian word Recognition with Attention, Interference and Dynamics")
Vaca, Uribe Jorge Enrique Besse Jean-Marie. "Morphogrammes, logogrammes et lecture enfantine une recherche comparative espagnol-français /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/vaca-uribe_je.
Повний текст джерелаBrand, Muriele. "La lecture des mots polysyllabiques : rôle de la syllabe et d'autres unités fonctionnelles." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL026.
Повний текст джерелаThe research presented in this thesis brings new light on the knowledge of polysyllabic words reading. The questions asked concern the role of syllables in reading. The use of different priming paradigm do not allow to conclude that words are read syllable by syllable. We suggested that some observed syllabic effects are not specific to reading. Two larg scales studies are presented, one in French and the other in English. Regression analysis conducted on these experiments show, among others, that in French, syllabic properties influence naming times. Finally, using a detection-letter task, we tested the existence of perceptive units in reading
Devilliers, Elise. "Lecture et identification des mots selon les matières comparaison de deux profils d'enfants (enfants dyslexiques et enfants normo-lecteurs) /." Nancy : Université Henri-Poincaré, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_MORT_2009_DEVILLIERS_ELISE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNocus, Isabelle. "Conscience métasyntaxique & apprentissage de la lecture." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO2024.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aimed to investigate how the syntax is involved in beginning reading acquisition. It contributes to an efficient calculation of sentence meaning which is responsible of the establishment of a relationship between written words recognition and comprehension of written sentences, when parsing is not available. Firstly, a longitudinal study was done with 47 children from beginning of kindergarten to beginning of second grade. This study show the link between metalinguistic skills and reading acquisition. Secondly, other experiments aimed to explain how syntactic awareness is involved in beginning reading. In comparison to expert reading, beginning reading is caracterised by a slower recognition of written words. This slowness is likely to hinder automatic syntactic parsing and thus comprehension. We assume that beginning readers, who exhibit slow lexical access and perturbated parsing, would explicitely use their syntactic knowledge in order to monitor sentence comprehension. In order to validate this hypothesis, expert readers and non expert readers were submitted a situation which simulated the caracteristic of beginning reading. In fact, the word recognition was hindered in order to perturbate the parsing process. The results suggests that when lexical access is not quickly processed, automatic parsing is replaced by an attentional processing of syntactic forms
BOZON, FREDERIQUE. "Influence du nombre de voisins orthographiques sur le traitement des mots et des pseudo-mots : effet inhibiteur ou facilitateur?" Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29035.
Повний текст джерелаWe have studied the effect of the number of orthographic neighbours (n) on reading. Our main question was : does the existence of many neighbours facilitate or inhibit visual recognition and naming of words and pseudowords? in a perceptual identification task, we have shown that the n effect was inhibitory on word recognition whereas it was facilitatory on word naming. Moreover, these different n effects did not differ when words were mixed with pseudowords. In the lexical decision task (ldt), we have attempted to determine the discrimination degree between words and nonwords from which the n effect for words should vary. Our data have revealed that the n influence on words was either facilitatory or inhibitory as a function of the "familiarity" of the nonwords used (balota & chumbley, 1984). Furthermore, we have shown by using a memory recognition task after the ldt that the variation of nonwords' familiarity induced different processing levels for words. We have also shown that the orthographic characteristics of the words added in the ldt produced a variation of the n effect for words. For pseudowords, we have observed that the n effect was facilitatory in the naming task and in the perceptual identification task whereas we have shown that the influence of this factor was inhibitory in the ldt. In sum, we have shown a variation of the n effect for words and pseudowords as a function of the task used. In the ldt, this influence varied also as a function of the discrimination degree between words and nonwords. From our results, we have discussed the processing level required by each task used and we have considered the implications of our data relative to models' predictions and to others empirical data
Wang, Ying. "Élucidation du sens des mots nouveaux en lecture du français par des étudiants chinois." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23741.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDerycke, Marc. "Lecture(s) : comment le sens vient aux mots : de la sémiotique au champ freudien." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080574.
Повний текст джерелаThis work studies the mechanisms by which meaning is disclosed in reading. The material comes from "errors" and mistakes observed in adults, especially during the initial stages of learning, the method is based on a semiotic description of the symbol's charachteristics for combination and substitution by mathematical functions, it introduces the principle of qualitative order in the desorder of the "errors", it presupposes a renewed theory on the acts of speech and meaning. Results : 1) meaning is produced by anticipationretroaction process articulated by a basic fundamental syntax with two directed operations 2) like a joke, this process is both consciousness and unconscious, this is wky it is masked 3) the "error" is a fragment of this process that the principle of reality has not obliterated 4) the syntax of symbolic operations is at root of the cognitive functioning of the psychic apparatus 5) readoption of the process of meaning attribution in the subject himself using the topology of the borromean knot to outline plans for a speech clinic in the freudian field
Quémart, Pauline. "Lecture et dyslexies du développement : rôle des unités morphémiques dans la reconnaissance des mots écrits." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL3A029.
Повний текст джерелаWe conducted six studies to examine the role of morphology in visual worl recognition in normal developing readers and in adolescents with developmental dyslexia. The first study indicates that morphemes embedded in words and in pseudowords are taken into account in a lexical decision task as soon as grade 2, even in dyslexic readers (study 2). The priming paradigm enabled to dissociate between form and meaning properties of morphemes (e. G. Fillette - fille vs. Baguette - bague, an example in English would be singer - sing vs. Corner - corn) and to examine their influence according to the temporal discourse of visual word recognition (60 ms, 250 ms et 800 ms). Morphological processings is driven by the orthographic properties of morphemes at the earliest steps of word recognition from grade 3 to grade 7, suggesting a morpho-orthographic segmentation. The semantic properties of morphemes are activated later in the time course, namely at 250 ms in grades 5 and 7, and at 800ms in grades 3 and 4 (study 3). Morpho-orthographic segmentation is influenced by formal transparency of morphemes from grade 3 to grade 5, but is more flexible in grade 7 (study 5). Dyslexic readers are only sensitive to the semantic properties of morphemes, whatever the prime duration (study). Accordingly, they are not influenced by formal transparency of morphemes in visual word recognition (study 6)
Lecolinet, Eric. "Segmentation d'images de mots manuscrits : application a la lecture de chaines de caracteres majuscules alphanumeriques et a la lecture de l'ecriture cursive." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066202.
Повний текст джерелаDoignon, Nadège. "Les unités de lecture dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots : le paradigme des conjonctions illusoires." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL009.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim was to study the nature of sublexical units with the illusory conjunction paradigm. We focused on syllable units and orthographic redundancy. Our results showed an influence of the both types of information on reading unit perception. The syllable effect was attenuated when the orthographic properties were not congruent with the syllable segmentation. Other results were found : orthographic clues such as consonants give some indication to the constitution of units ; a syllable frequency effect suggesting a mental representation of syllable : reading units were perceived in the process of lexical access but also affected by lexical information ; results are similar for beginning and expert readers. To conclude, the experiments provided converging evidence that reading units are influenced by orthographic and phonological prelexical representations that correspond respectively to orthographic redundancy and syllable unit information, and lexical representations
Marec-Breton, Nathalie. "Les traitements morphologiques dans l'apprentissage de la lecture." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20028.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we present a series of experiments that suggest that, since first grade, at a time when the children don't yet completely master the alphabetic code, some morphological processes are involved in written words recognition. The fact that readers take the morphological structure into account would help them in the reading of affixed items. Readers read better (faster and with fewer errors) affixed items (dégarer) than pseudo-affixed items (démaner). More precisely, experimental results show that morphological processes take part, for prefixed items as well as for suffixed items, on the whole structure (base and affix). Therefore, items built with two identifiable morphemes (dégarer) are read better than those built with only one identifiable morpheme (with a base : cagarer as well as with an affix : démaner). Moreover, analysis show an effect of morphological construction legality, in particular in terms of semantic constraints, on suffixed items reading. Items built by the legal association of two morphemes (bougeur) are read faster than those built by the illegal association of two morphemes (jambeur). This result suggests, at least for affixed items, that the affixed items reading facilitation would be of an essentially semantic nature
Rativeau, Sylvie. "L'automatisation de la reconnaissance des mots chez l'enfant : perspectives développementales et différentielles." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL011.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to examin word recognition mechanism development in reading acquisition. In an alphabetic langage as french, reading acquisition can be considered as etablishment of three representation systems: graphemic, phonologic and semantic representations. The question is to study the development of these representations and connections between them during reading acquisition. Reading acquistion consist in etablishment of relations between graphemic codes, that children have to learn, and phonologic and semantic codes already installed. The major object of this study concern installation and automation of connections between these three represenations systems in beginning readers and the question of simultaneous character of indirect and direct routes development. Tasks evaluating one or other of these treatments, in children from first to fifth grade, indicate a progressive automation of graphemic codes activation until second grade. Automation of these representations seems to attain an optimal level in third grade. Results show a progressive use of phonological and orthographic routes from beginning of reading learning. Since second grade, children are sensitive to phonological and lexical chararteristics of items. This seems to indicate a early use of direct route to lexical representations
Andriamamonjy, Pascale. "Le traitement du genre grammatical au cours de la lecture de mots isolés et de phrases." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE2024.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates grammatical gender processing (masculine / feminine) during reading with adult french speakers. The two components of gender, lexical (noun gender) and syntactic (gender agreement), are described. The first part of this work is about the lexical component. It underlines that if there is no rule that allows to determine a noun's gender category, the french nominal categorisation system reveals gender cues. For example, noun endings can be used to predict noun's gender category (example: 100% of nouns ending in -er are masculine). Previous studies have shown that french speakers use statistical relations between noun's ending and noun's gender when they are asked to determine noun's gender. Eight experiments manipulate endings predictive value to evaluate gender influences during visual recognition of isolated nouns. Results from lexical decision tasks and eye movements recording suggest that gender informations are automatically processed during reading. These results show the influence of both gender information associated to nouns endings and gender information stored in the mental lexicon. The second part of the thesis concerns the syntactic component of grammatical gender. Four experiments are designed to evaluate the role of grammatical gender during reading of sentences containing or not grammatical incongruities (example: l'habit vert. . . . / l'habit verte. . . ). Results suggest that gender affects both lexical units processing (word recognition) and syntagmatic units processing (checking of gender agreement)
Serres, Joyce. "Fonctionnement des processus d'identification et de production des mots écrits chez deux élèves francophones présentant une dysorthographie sans trouble apparent de la lecture." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAuger, Anick. "Habiletés langagières en relation avec la compréhension en lecture chez des adolescents en difficulté d'apprentissage et scolarisés dans un Centre de formation en entreprise et récupération." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/664.
Повний текст джерелаBolduc, Marie-Claude. "L'épreuve de décision lexicale comme outil d'évaluation de l'identification de mots au primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25764/25764.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJourdain, Christine. "Etude des difficultés de lecture chez l'adulte : la question de l'automatisation de la reconnaissance visuelle des mots." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOL019.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to study the visual word-recognition processes that prevent adult efficient reading. In order to do so, first we focused on the different visual word- recognition processes (chapter 1) and on reading disabilities (chapter 2). Second, we proposed experiments (11) which investigate efficiency of word-recognition processes from on-line paradigms (chapter 3). The results show differences in word-recognition processes automatization and gradation of disabilities (chapters 4 and 5). Thus the difficulties could be both visual, phonological and lexical (group 4), or phonological with consequence on lexical processing (group 3), or strictly phonological (group 2). However such interpretations should be taken with caution since subjects of a same group do not show the identical pattern of difficulties (chapter 6)
Mirault, Jonathan. "L'identification des mots lors de la lecture de phrases : de l'Intégration des informations orthographiques aux représentations syntaxiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0255.
Повний текст джерелаHowcanwereadsentenceswithoutsapces or wehn the lerttes in the wrods are srcamlbed? In this thesis, we will present seven research articles which focus on the role of efficient orthographic processing, word identification, and syntactic processing in enabling reading in noisy conditions. The results of these studies reveal the spatial integration of orthographic information followed by parallel, cascaded and interactive processing of word identities, their syntactic function and contribution to sentence-level processing. One of the key elements to answer to the questions raised in this thesis is the idea that words are for sentences what letters are for words. Just like noisy letter position coding enables identification of words with transposed letters, the noisy spatiotopic coding of word positions generates transposed-word effects. The results also demonstrate the rapidity of access to syntactic structures (from 300 ms), taken as further evidence for the processing of multiple words in parallel as a key aspect of efficient skilled reading behavior
Robert, Christelle. "Étude des processus de base de la lecture : activation et inhibition dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21240.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to study the effects of orthographic similarity between words in order to specify the processes of visual word recognition. The joint effects of neighbourhood and masked orthographic priming are studied in experiments 1, 2, 3a-d and 4a-b. The data from the lexical decision task are globally consistent with the predictions from simulations run with the interactive activation model (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). In addition, the effects of frequency and orthographic neighbourhood are studied in older adults in order to examine whether the processes of lexical activation and inhibition are modified with aging (experiments 5a-b and 6). As a whole, the interactive activation model is consistent with our results, which confirms the influence of activation and inhibition processes in visual word recognition
Muneaux, Mathilde. "Effets orthographiques sur la perception des mots parlés : Etudes chez l'apprenti lecteur et le lecteur expert." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10044.
Повний текст джерелаKleinsz, Nina. "Evaluation informatisée de la lecture et aide au traitement grapho-syllabique chez les faibles lecteurs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20021.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was twofold. The first one was to contribute to the development of a software evaluating the cognitive processes involved in written words identification by the means of several pre-experimentations. This device (Tinfolec) evaluates written word identification and its underlying phonological and visual-orthographic processing. Secondly, we tested the effectiveness of a computerized grapho-syllabic training in French beginning poor readers. Based on the two facts that a) the syllable is an intermediate treatment unit in beginning reading in French and b) computerized training of grapho-phonological correspondences improves word identification, we expected that trained poor readers improve in reading. The classical 3-periods-procedure including pre-test/training/post-tests and a comparison of two groups of children, experimental and control, were used. Different post-tests permitted to test the maintenance of the training effects. The results are in favor of the hypothesis that the syllable indeed is an intermediate treatment unit in the French reading process
Sauval, Karinne. "Apprentissage de la lecture et phonologie : implication du code phonologique dans la reconnaissance de mots écrits chez l'enfant." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30045/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe conducted five studies to examine the role of phonological code in visual word recognition in children more or less advanced in learning to read. For that, we used the priming paradigm (in visual, auditory and inter modalities). This paradigm allows to study on-line and in precise manner, phonological and orthographic processes engaged in visual word recognition. The studies 1 and 2 indicate that, in Grade 3 and Grade 5, speech representations are involved in silent reading of pseudowords, in phonetic feature format and in visual familiar word recognition, in phonemic format. The study 3 indicates that phonological code contributes to visual word recognition in stable manner through Grade 3 and Grade 5. Nevertheless, when lexical orthographic representations are not well specified, phonological contribution is greater. The studies 4 and 5, in phonological (O-P+ vs O-P-) and ortho-phonological (O+P+ vs O+P-) visual masked priming, show that familiar visual word recognition involves phonological representations in automatic manner from Grade 3 to Grade 5. In contrast, automatic activation of orthographic representations seems to develop later (Grade 5). These results suggest that when orthographic process is functional but not fully effective (Grade 3), visual word recognition benefits from phonological activation whereas when orthographic process is fully effective (Grade 5), visual word recognition benefits from orthographic activation. That suggests that development of phonological automatic activation and development of orthographic automatic activation are independent. The process of phonological automatic activation is entirely developed earlier than the process of orthographic automatic activation
Vaca, Uribe Jorge Enrique. "Morphogrammes, logogrammes et lecture enfantine : une recherche comparative espagnol-français." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/vaca-uribe_je.
Повний текст джерелаOur study focuses on how the infant conceptualizes and uses some characters of the wrinting system tied to the "" direct representation "" of significant differences (logographs, like in raies vs rais) or lexical bonds among the written words (morphographs like in chant and chanter). We research the process of homophonous words in the context of the reading and wrinting tasks. We present a transversal study with children of different ages (7-8 years vs 9-10 years) ; a comparative study with French and Mexican children and a study that use activities of production like that of interpreting written texts. We sustain three main thesis supported by analyzed data firstly, that the behavior is structured and that the performance the children show in the writing or in reading tasks are closely linked to their concepyualizations of the same Secondly. We sustain that, no matter the written language children are learning, French or Spanish, there are more similarities than differences in the infantile behavior. And lastly, we sustain that the evolution of the infantile conceptualizations of the writing system, starting from the moment in which children discover the alphabetical principle, can be described in terms of a continuity that goes from the writing as entirely dependent of the orality, to their conceptualization as a relatively independent system of the same
Jamet, Éric. "L'organisation des étapes de traitement de l'information pendant la dénomination : apports de l'amorçage phonologique." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20015.
Повний текст джерелаPicture naming requires more time than word naming. A number of independant line of research have suggested that semantic and phonological information become avaible differentially for pictures and words. We report here a series of experiments in which semantic and phonological priming were used. The data show that, for pictures, phonological coding is accessible only after semantic processing but that these two codes are realised partially in a parallel way
Khelifi, Rachid. "Traitement de l'information latérale au cours de l'apprentissage de la lecture : études comparatives chez l'apprenti lecteur." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30034.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explore in beginning readers processing of lateral information in isolated reading task and eye movement in text reading. In a first serie of experiments, we show that beginning readers are sensitive to the lateral information. This sensitivity depends upon the difficulty of the central word that is under processing, but also upon the nature of the lateral information (linguistic versus non linguistic). Control of the visual attention could be less developped in beginning readers that in expert readers. In a second serie of experiments, our results indicate that increased reading skill goes hand in hand with the ability to extract more information from lateral vision. Differance are also evidenced between beginning readers and expert readers in the way initiation of the lexical processing from lateral information is achieve. In a third serie of experiments, results show that in text reading, beginning readers make shorter saccades, had higher fixation durations and higher refixation probabilities than in older or expert readers. Developmental differences that are evidenced are mainly linked to cognitive processes than oculomotor processes
Simon, Grégory. "Traitement orthographique et conversion graphème-phonème dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots : étude par les potentiels évoqués." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL491.
Повний текст джерелаThe objectives of this thesis were to study orthographic encoding within the ventral pathway of the human brain as well as to emphasize an electrophysiological correlate to grapheme-phoneme conversion. The chronometric study of the cognitive processes has been privileged by the use of the evoked potentials. Through the study of the effects of rotation, our results suggest that N170 represents the first functional dissociation between orthographic stimuli and the others types of items such as objects or pseudo-letters. Our research also indicates that the phonological component N320 is modulated by frequency, regularity, length and repetition of the stimuli. N320 could thus represent a stage of serial grapheme-phoneme conversion of which use would depend on the orthographical transparency of the language. The modulations observed for this component tend to accredit the architecture of the dual-route models of reading
Haidar, Rouba. "Élaboration et test d’un programme de remédiation aux difficultés en lecture au Cours Préparatoire." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH5951/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur first objective in this study, carried out with Year 2 pupils, was to identify the least well- mastered skills relating to the identification of words and the comprehension of a text using a grid of basic skills established by the Ministry of Education. The second objective was to create and test the effectiveness of a remedial program based on training in the process of learning to read in Year 2, and reading comprehension skills (anaphora and inference) adapted for six-year-old pupils with difficulties. The number of pupils taking part in the study was 61: 42 in the two trial groups and 19 in the control group. Our study showed that on the one hand, students the students in the two trial groups made better progress than the control group in 8 out of the 10 skills. On the other hand, progress made by pupils lasted over a period of time and the intervention program showed itself to be equally successful for girls as for boys
Yvert, Gaëtan. "Modélisation de l'organisation fonctionnelle de la lecture chez le sujet sain : Etude en EEG-HR par reconstruction de sources et modèles causaux dynamiques. Applications aux patients épileptiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENS044/document.
Повний текст джерелаWriting and then a fortiori reading is a too recent invention for evolution to develop a specialized neuronal substrate sustaining the visual word form recognition. Thereby functional region underlying reading process rest on cortical area dedicate to language and visual recognition of objects. However, complete identification of a word requires beyond the orthographic decryption, phonological decoding and semantic recovery. Numerous neuroimaging studies and in particular with fMRI have tried to localize the functional regions sustaining these different cognitive processes. Nonetheless, the weak temporal resolution of fMRI do not allowed revealing the dynamic of integration within the reading network. Electrophysiological recording as EEG permit to show the neuronal dynamic thanks to its excellent temporal resolution. However, localization of the cortical area having generate the scalp electrical field is a complex methodological issue. Since a decade, numerous breakthroughs in methodology allow not only to localize functional region but also the temporal dynamic of their interaction. Moreover, from a localisationnist point of view, current research have adopted an hodotopic vision supposing that the function of a region is more depend of its connectivity with the other region of the network than of its precise location. New methodologies as dynamic causal modeling permit to show the network structure and its dynamic integration. The goal of this thesis has been to use latest methodological development to reveal not only the network of the word recognition, but also to propose a functional model of the integration of the visual stimuli within this network. In particular, we have shown the importance of feedback connection on bottom up processing in word recognition as it has been shown for objects recognition. In addition, we have applied those methodologies to epileptic patients to reveal the influence of a left temporal lesion on the functional reorganization of the reading network
Montant, Marie. "Les étapes de traitement pré-lexicales dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots : approche comportementale et neuropsychologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11069.
Повний текст джерелаMarcouiller, René. "Évaluation développementale d'un didacticiel à l'état-de-prototype destiné à faciliter l'apprentissage de la lecture de certains mots fréquents au primaire." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5446/1/000604594.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFerlin, Cécile. "Rôle des compétences phonologiques et de l'Empan Visuo- Attentionnel sur l'identification de mots en cas de surdité : comparaison d'enfants sourds hétérogènes à un groupe témoin entendant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEJ107.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous international studies reveal that learning to read presents specific challenges for deaf children: in France, over 40% of them encounter such difficulties. Yet, mastering reading is a crucial factor for their socialization and autonomy. For hearing children, two critical prerequisites for reading emerge from the scientific literature: phonological awareness (PA), which is the ability to manipulate phonological units of language, and the Visuo-Attentional Span (VAS), corresponding to the number of letters in consonant string perceived simultaneously in a single eye fixation.Inspired by dual-route reading models, reading development in deaf children has mainly been studied through the lens of the phonological hypothesis. However, given deaf children’s limited access to phonology and the opacity of French, this approach is debated. In parallel, alternative approaches, such as the visual hypothesis, suggest that certain deaf readers who are skilled readers rely on specific visual strategies (e.g., larger perceptual span and keyword strategy). Moreover, recent studies have highlighted unique visuo-orthographic skills in deaf children, regardless of whether they use spoken language or sign language. To date, no study has precisely examined the role of VAS in written word identification in deaf children.Our study aims to test the hypothesis that proficient deaf readers could compensate for a deficit in PA by relying on VAS. To do this, we designed a battery of tests including rhyme detection tasks using images, consonant string processing in EVADYS software, and an spelling decision task with phonological and orthographic distractors. The sample includes 51 profoundly deaf spoken and signing children (aged 8 to 12) and 42 hearing children. Our results, divided into three levels of analysis, reveal a wide variability in PA and VAS scores depending on linguistic group and reading level.Comparing linguistic groups shows that PA skills are high among hearing children and deaf spoken children but lower in deaf signers. For VAS, hearing children outperform both deaf groups. Comparison based on reading level shows that skilled readers achieve higher scores in PA and VAS, although some skilled deaf readers, whether oral, signing, or hearing, have relatively low PA scores, but results in VAS comparable to their skilled reader peers. Statistical models indicate that PA mainly influences deaf spoken children through lip-reading, whereas VAS plays a role in word identification across all groups. Lip-reading also influences lexical-level word recognition in deaf signing children.These findings suggest that the variability in reading acquisition among children, whether deaf or hearing, partly depends on VAS. They also indicate that a portion of deaf signing children, although small in our study, manages to become proficient readers without developed phonological awareness. Additionally, lip-reading emerges as a central support for word recognition, playing a lexical role for deaf signers and a sublexical role for deaf oral children.These results open perspectives in applied research, aimed at developing specific tests to better assess the deaf population
Myre, Bisaillon Julie. "L'identification des mots écrits chez des enfants dyslexiques de deuxième et troisième cycles du primaire : évaluation des effets d'un programme d'intervention en fonction des différents profils de dyslexie." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаRandrianarison, Emmanuel. "Analyse linguistique de l'énoncé ludique : cas des jeux de mots dans les titres de presse." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131024.
Повний текст джерелаZebib, Racha. "Le rôle de l'apprentissage de la lecture dans le développement de la mémoire de travail." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2019/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study aims to explore the role that learning to read plays in Working Memory development. The population for this research was split into two groups. The first group, which was studied longitudinally, consisted of kindergartners and first and second graders attending a regular school. The second group, which was assessed only once, consisted of poor readers in second grade. The results from the first group revealed a progressive increase in WM capacity as well as a progressive differentiation of this system (WM model of Baddeley & Hitch, 1974) between kindergarten and the second grade. Moreover, the results showed that learning to read plays a role in WM development and that the relation between these abilities is not strictly due to the involvement of more general linguistic or phonological abilities in the tasks used for the assessment of WM and reading. Finally, the poor readers’ results support the hypothesis suggesting that reading plays a fundamental role in WM development. In fact, the structural organization of WM in these children is different from the one found in children of the same education level in the other group
Serres, Joyce. "Fonctionnement des processus d'identification et de production des mots écrits chez deux élèves francophones présentant une dysorthographie sans trouble apparent de la lecture." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/548.
Повний текст джерелаHerbet, Jacki. "Echanges électroniques, construction de soi et relation à l'autre : une lecture avec la théorie des acteurs-réseaux et la méthode des mots-associés." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3013.
Повний текст джерелаNew communication technologies have allowed connexions to be materialized ? which until now have been impossible to chart. Within this context, we have shown that electronic exchanges about cystic fibrosis, should not be characterized in the usual manner as being virtual since they allow not only the sharing and establishment of collective knowledge about an illness but also contribute to the novel creation what may be termed 'dispersed communities'. We have highlighted how the creation of such particular ties permits the exploration of difficult and fundamental questions often avoided in modern societies such as death. This has led us to believe that such exchanges initiate creative dynamics where notions such as construction of the self and energy are inextricably linked in what may be termed 'energetic links of identity
Sanchez, Monique. "Connaissances précoces sur la structure du mot et apprentissage de la lecture." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/sanchez_m.
Повний текст джерелаReading acquisition is linked to the development of a wide range of linguistic skills. The first purpose of this research was to investigate the role of early phonological, derivational-morphological and orthographic knowledge in learning to read. A longitudinal study carried out from kindergarten to 2nd grade confirms the central role of "current" and "prior" phonological skills in 1st and 2nd graders' word recognition ability. Results from stepwise regression analyses provide evidence of an additional contribution of morphological and orthographic knowledge acquired through implicit learning, after accounting for variance due to children's chronological age, non-verbal intelligence, vocabulary level and phonological skills. At every level of reading (Grade 1 and Grade 2), the respective influence of each aspect of knowledge we have measured varies as a function of the category of items to read (words or pseudowords). These findings are consistent with interactive models of reading acquisition. The second aim of this research was to characterize the deficits of a sample of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) on these different aspects of knowledge about word structure. A comparative study with normally developing children matched for lexical age (6. 9 years) brings into light some specific difficulties on a phonological task ("common syllable detection task") and on several morphological tasks. The results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis of a reduced processing capacity and the issue of an atypical development of implicit vs explicit learning is raised
Curzietti, Maxime Valentin. "La reconnaissance des mots écrits chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ084/document.
Повний текст джерелаPatients suffering from schizophrenia display clinical symptoms as well as cognitive deficits. Recently, it has been suggested that these patients display, among other things, reading deficits. This doctoral thesis aims to evaluate the abilities of visual word recognition in patients suffering from schizophrenia, using both behavioral and electrophysiological (recording of event related potentials) approaches. The results indicated that the specialization of the visual word form area for processing of written words is preserved for patients. In addition, cognitive processes involved in orthographic processing of letter strings were preserved. By contrast, cognitive processes involved in phonological processing were altered for patients suffering from schizophrenia
Pigeon-Hallée, Geneviève. "Les habiletés phonologiques et visuo-attentionnelles dans la reconnaissance des mots écrits chez les élèves de cinquième année du primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26797/26797.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNavarro, Marion. "Utilisation de la tablette digitale pour réduire les difficultés dans l'apprentissage de la lecture." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2088.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis work is to discuss the place of the touch-screen tablet in an adapted and targeted teaching system with children detected at risk of subsequent difficulties in reading. To meet this objective, we have presented two main axes, based on the results of the scientific literature. An experimental axis, made up of three studies, allowed us to measure the impact of a specific intensive and individual training, via the touch-screen tablet, on the performances in written words identification of poor (pre)readers in Kindergarten and First Grade. More precisely, the results of the longitudinal follow-up of the aforementioned students seem to be in favor of an improvement of the phonological awareness and the grapho-syllabic treatment. The second axis aims to highlight the importance of ergonomic criteria for the development of two edutainment apps. The results of the subjective evaluations identify points that requiring additional work, which may hinder the processing of crucial information for the learning of reading