Дисертації з теми "Learned priors"
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1
Spoelman, M. (Marianne). "Prior linguistic knowledge matters:the use of the partitive case in Finnish learner language." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526201146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The partitive (one of the fifteen Finnish cases and a typical case characterizing Finnic languages) developed from the Uralic separative locative into a grammatical case. In modern Finnish, it is one of the object, existential subject and predicative cases, representing that side of the case alternations that expresses unboundedness and negative polarity. Probably because the three case alternations differ in certain respects and clear-cut grammar rules cannot always be formulated, the use of the partitive remains a constant struggle for learners of Finnish. This study investigates the use of partitive objects, subjects and predicatives in Estonian, German and Dutch learners of Finnish as a foreign language. By comparing groups of learners from L1 backgrounds closely related and non-related to the target language (TL), it is aimed to explore the role of presence versus lack of relevant prior linguistic knowledge. The use of the partitive is namely largely similar in the closely related Estonian language. However, the purpose of the study is not only to gain valuable insights into the phenomena of L1 influence and intralingual influence but also to identify (common and L1 background-specific) stumbling blocks in the use of the partitive case, and to draw pedagogical implications based upon the findings. Research materials were selected from the Estonian, German and Dutch subcorpora of the International Corpus of Learner Finnish (ICLFI), aligned to the CEFR proficiency levels, and analyzed based on combined error-frequency analyses, involving partitive over- and underuse errors and partitive-requiring contexts (PRCs). As will be shown, the study reveals conspicuous differences between the learner corpora. In general, the Estonian learner corpus not only shows significantly fewer partitive errors than the other corpora, but also some specific error patterns attributable to subtle L1-L2 differences and, unlike the remaining corpora, a lack of overgeneralization of L2 grammar rules. The findings do not only indicate that -and how- prior linguistic knowledge matters, but also suggest that stumbling blocks could potentially be turned into stepping stones by emphasizing L1-L2 differences in the case of Estonian learners of Finnish, and by highlighting similarities and differences from within the TL in cases of learners from non-related L1 backgroundsTiivistelmä Itämerensuomalaisille kielille tyypillinen partitiivi on aikaa myöten kehittynyt separatiivi-nimisestä uralilaisen kantakielen paikallissijasta syntaktisia funktioita ilmaisevaksi sijamuodoksi. Nykysuomessa partitiivi on yksi objektin, eksistentiaali-subjektin ja predikaativin sijoista, jolla ilmaistaan rajaamattomuutta ja kielteisyyttä. Partitiivin käyttö aiheuttaa suomen kielen oppijoille usein ongelmia, luultavasti koska objektin, subjektin ja predikatiivin sijanvalinnassa on vaihtelua ja ratkaisevien kieliopillisten sääntöjen muodostus on toisinaan erittäin vaikeaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelen virolaisten, saksalaisten ja hollantilaisten suomea vieraana kielenä opiskelevien partitiiviobjektin, -subjektin ja -predikatiivin käyttöä lähde- ja kohdekielen samanlaisuuden ja erilaisuuden näkökulmasta. Lähde- ja kohdekielen roolin selvittämisen lisäksi tutkimuksen tavoitteina on identifioida partitiivin (yleiset ja lähdekielikohtaiset) ongelmakohdat ja yhdistää tutkimustulokset vieraan kielen oppimiseen ja -opetukseen. Tutkimusaineistoina on virolaisten, saksalaisten ja hollantilaisten opiskelijoiden kirjoittamia tekstejä, jotka on poimittu Kansainvälisestä oppijansuomen korpuksesta (ICLFI) ja arvioitu Eurooppalaisen viitekehyksen (CEFR) kielitaitotasojen mukaan. Virhe- ja frekvenssianalyyseissä aineistoista analysoidaan muun muassa partitiivin yli- ja alikäyttövirheet ja partitiivin vaatimat kontekstit. Tutkimuksesta käy ilmi, että virolaisten oppijoiden ja ei-sukukieliä puhuvien oppijoiden tuotoksissa on silmiinpistäviä eroja. Virolaisten aineistosta löytyy yleisesti tilastollisesti vähemmän partitiivivirheitä kuin kahdesta muusta osakorpuksesta ja lisäksi myös virhekategorioita ja -rakenteita, jotka johtunevat lähdekielen vaikutuksesta. Tämän lisäksi saksalaisten ja hollantilaisten tuotoksissa on selvästi enemmän kohdekielen sääntöjen yliyleistämistä kuin virolaisten osakorpuksessa. Tutkimustulokset siis osoittavat, että lähdekieli vaikuttaa kohdekielen oppimiseen, ja sen, miten se vaikuttaa. Lisäksi tutkimustulosten avulla on mahdollista kehittää sellaisia opetuksen apuvälineitä, joilla voidaan selventää virolaisille suomenoppijoille L1:n ja L2:n partitiivin käytön eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä ja tehostaa oppimista; ei-sukukielisten oppijoiden opetuksessa ovat puolestaan kohdekielen ja sijanvaihteluiden sisäiset tunnusmerkit tärkeitä
2
Henderson, Kelsey. "THE EFFECTS OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ACTIVATION ON LEARNER RETENTION OF NEW CONCEPTS IN LEARNING OBJECTS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Establishing relationships between a learner's prior knowledge and any new concepts he or she will be expected to learn is an important instructional activity. Learning objects are often devoid of such activities in an attempt to maintain their conciseness and reusability in a variety of instructional contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of using questioning as a prior knowledge activation strategy in learning objects. Previous research on the use prior knowledge activation strategies supports their effectiveness in helping to improve learner retention. Approaches such as questioning, advance organizers, and group discussions are examples of techniques used in previous studies. Participants enrolled in a Navy engineering curriculum were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and comparison). The experimental group was exposed to a prior knowledge activation component at the start of session I, while the comparison group received no treatment. Participants in both groups were tested at three different times during the course of the study– the pretest, at the start of session 1, posttest I, at the conclusion of session1, and posttest II, during session 2. The findings indicate that the prior knowledge activation strategy did not result in statistically significant differences between the levels of retention gained by the experimental and comparison groups. Due to administrative constraints experienced during the course of the study, statistical power was not achieved due to an insufficiently sized sample. Potential limitations and implications for future research directions are described.Ph.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Education PhD
3
Pienkowski, Nathan. "The Effects of Cueing Learners to a Transfer Problem Prior to Instruction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior research indicates that cueing or priming an individual prior to exposing
them to a basic stimulus, either visual or verbal, will direct their perception
and attention toward specific aspects of that stimulus. Furthermore, it suggests
that those aspects of the stimulus that are attended or perceived may be related
by the extent to which they afford the resolution of a problem, need, or state
invoked by the cued phenomenon.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether similar results would be
found using content of a greater scale. In other words, the purpose was to determine
whether the same cueing and priming results found using words and phrases would
apply using entire instructional modules. Specifically, this study attempted
to determine whether cuing individuals to an expected outcome performance prior
to instruction would cause them to focus on those parts of the instruction needed
to succeed on the outcome performance. It was hypothesized that prior cuing
would result in superior performance on a transfer problem. Similarly, it was
also hypothesized that, since the learner's attention would be directed toward
specific parts of the instruction to the neglect of others, overall memory retention
would be diminished for learners that were cued.
To test these hypotheses, an experimental design was used with two overall groups:
one receiving prior exposure to a transfer problem and one not. In addition,
in order to avoid the possibility that any results could be generalized only
to the subject matter being taught, two different subject domains were used:
statistics and biology. Therefore, 115 undergraduate students were randomly
assigned to one of four groups: (a) a statistics group receiving prior exposure
to a transfer problem; (c) a statistics group without prior exposure to a transfer
problem; (b) a biology group receiving prior exposure to a transfer problem;
(d) a biology group without prior exposure to a transfer problem. Following
instruction, each group received the transfer problem and recall test appropriate
for the subject area covered during their instruction (statistics or biology).
The resulting data was analyzed using two ANOVAs, one for retention and one
for transfer. Neither ANOVA yielded significant results. Hence, the results
reported in this study do not support either hypothesis.Ph. D.
4
Lu, Tingting. "Effects of Multimedia on Motivation, Learning and Performance: The Role of Prior Experience and Task Constraints." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218660147.
Повний текст джерела
5
Gordon, Louise. "An investigation of prior knowledge about amphibians amongst Grade 7 learners : towards the development of a resource pack." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The value of frogs is compared to the value of canaries used in coalmines: they are indicators of the environmental status of our environments, thus crucial to our survival. One third of all frogs worldwide are threatened with extinction. Frogs are found in our immediate environment. Are our Natural Science educators, teaching the Life and Living curriculum aware of this threat, the possible impact that the extinction of frogs will have on our welfare? Are our educators making use of the resources in their immediate environment? This study aimed to investigate the prior knowledge in both the horizontal and vertical discourse, in Grade7 learners and their educators, to inform the design of an amphibian resource pack. By investigating their prior knowledge an insight would be gained in their knowledge of Natural Science concepts as well as their everyday knowledge of their immediate natural environment. It would also highlight any misconceptions formed as well as alternative concepts within both educator and learner groups. These insights would be used to inform the contents of said resource pack.
6
Flemban, Fadwa Yasin. "Animated Pedagogical Agent’s Roles and English Learners’ Prior Knowledge: The Influence on Cognitive Load, Motivation, and Vocabulary Acquisition." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Researchers and educators have always strived for creating appropriate instructional tools and resources that help students to acquire knowledge. Animated pedagogical agents (APAs) embedded within multimedia learning settings are one of the emerging technologies that provide a powerful and supportive learning environment. According to previous studies, APAs can effectively promote learning and support social interaction with learners (Johnson & Lester, 2016; Lane, 2016). However, APAs also may cause cognitive load without providing motivational benefits in some cases and distract learners during the learning process. In other words, the results of previous studies on APAs do not provide enough evidence to argue that APA may be able to decrease cognitive load, promote motivational effects, or facilitate meaningful learning. The lack of enough evidence in the research findings seems to be variable depending upon the APA’s features, the learners, and the difficulty of the learning materials (Schroeder & Adesope, 2014). By focusing on these factors, this study provided new considerations related to embedding an APA’s role that facilitates “Word Parts” for adult students who speak English as a Second Language (ESL) with concentrating on their cognition, motivation, and vocabulary acquisition. Presenting two APA’s roles (expert model and peer model) differently influenced ESL learners’ motivation, specifically their satisfaction feelings. In addition, ESL learners’ prior knowledge affected their intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load, motivation, and vocabulary acquisition. The two different APA’s roles and their effects on ESL learners’ perceptions and learning outcomes serve as a media comparison research. Further, examining APA as a model to teach ESL students vocabulary acquisition skills serves a Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) research.
7
Kassinger, Frances Duggan. "Examination of the Relationship Between Instructor Presence and the Learning Experience in an Asynchronous Online Environment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study identifies and assesses a more specific relationship between the online instructor presence and the online learner's experience than is currently offered in previous studies. Guided by three questions, the study asked: (a) What is the relationship between the online instructor communication style and the learning experience, as defined by the adult learner's cognitive achievement, ratings of the overall course experience, and perceptions of the instructor's performance; (b) What is the relationship between the strength (contact frequency with the learner) of that communication style (facilitating or non-facilitating) and the learning experience; and (c) What is the relationship between selected learner demographic variables (previous subject experience on the job and previous experience with the vendor's online learning environment) and the learning experience.
The study included an examination of ex post facto data that depicted the interactions between 89 students and 9 instructors in 358 asynchronous, professional development class discussions. The examination revealed the presence and frequency of select instructor behaviors more acutely define the communication style and strength of the online instructor's relationship to the professional adult's online learning experience. The study's additional findings support earlier research that suggests prior learner experience relates positively to online learning outcomes. These findings contribute to the larger body of knowledge related to online instruction.Ph. D.
8
Keil, Valerie. "Impact of Childcare Center Programs on Reading Achievement of English Language Learner Students." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some children struggle to learn the academic skill of reading. Providing effective assistance to struggling students, especially to English Language Learners (ELLs), can be a challenge for teachers. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of childcare programs on the reading achievement of ELLs in kindergarten and first grade. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory along with developmentally appropriate practices constituted the theoretical framework. The overarching research question examined differences in overall reading achievement of ELLs based on the completion of formal childcare programs. A causal-comparative design was used with a cluster sample drawn from a United States federal database of 3,214 ELLs divided into 2 groups: children who participated in formal childcare (FC) programs and those with no formal childcare (NFC). Four independent-samples t tests were performed to compare reading achievement of FC and NFC participants from the fall 2010 kindergarten class (FC n = 1,348, NFC n = 1,414), spring 2011 kindergarten class (FC n = 1,485, NFC n = 1621), fall 2011 first grade class (FC n = 650, NFC n = 698), and spring 2012 first grade class (FC n = 1,482, NFC n = 1,622). Using the Bonferonni method to reduce Type I errors due to familywise analyses, the a priori alpha level decreased to 0.0125. ELL students who participated in formal preschool childcare programs achieved higher scores in reading throughout kindergarten and first grade. Based on these findings, a project was developed for family childcare providers to use to facilitate literacy development. Positive social change may result from ensuring that more children begin kindergarten and first grade with a foundation of reading skills needed for ongoing learning and academic success.
9
McNally, John D. "Systematic Development and Validation of a Course of Instruction in Prior Learning Assessment." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many post-secondary schools across the country offer adult working students an opportunity to obtain at least partial credit for work and life experiences in their curriculum through portfolios. The primary goal of this project was to design, develop and evaluate a portfolio course for adult students at a small independent university. Design emphasized adult learning theory and incorporated instructional design best practices throughout. Also significant to the design was the implementation of the Quality Matters ™ Rubric. The project focus was to intertwine the six assumptions of adult learning theory while implementing best practices and effective instructional strategies, and to conduct formative and summative evaluations. The study incorporated a pre-test - post test instrument and satisfaction questionnaire for quantitative data collection. The results of this project are positive based on the evaluation data collected during this project.
10
Maselwa, Matole Reuben. "Promoting learners' conceptual understanding of electrostatics through use of practical activities in conjunction with prior knowledge of lightning : a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research presented in this thesis is situated within an interpretivist paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case-study research approach was adopted. This seemed most appropriate in my research project since the main focus is on elicitation of prior knowledge and incorporation of such knowledge into 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities with a view to improving conceptual development. For the purposes of this research project, I designed an interactive teaching and learning unit in electrostatics as an attempt to put into practice a learner-centred approach. This approach, in my view, is in line with the new curriculum in South Africa. The emerging central theme of this thesis is the notion of active participation by learners during teaching and learning. This study was carried out over a period of two years and involved my grade 9 learners, who participated voluntarily. The research process documented in this thesis has been conceptualised into two phases. Phase one was concerned with the elicitation of learners' prior knowledge around lightning. In phase two, learners were engaged in 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' practical activities, and key concepts were identified to ensure conceptual development. The data was collected using a variety of data collection tools, namely: focus group interviews, follow-up whole-class semi-structured interviews, worksheets, videotaped lessons and photographs. The analysis of data revealed that learners come to class with prior knowledge concerning lightning. Within this prior knowledge it was found that there were both ‘scientific’ and ‘non-scientific’ concepts. The identification of key concepts during practical activities was found to be very useful in promoting learning. However, the incorporation of prior knowledge into practical activities posed a challenge and needs further research. iv This research study also highlights some insights into some of the complexities of elicitation and incorporation of learners' prior knowledge, and conceptual development in science classrooms. It also demonstrates the challenges and possibilities during teaching and learning as well as the realities of the demands of the new curriculum and OBE in South Africa, in particular, in historically disadvantaged schools
11
Iyambo, Toini. "Understanding how grade 8 Physical Science teachers make use of learners’ prior everyday knowledge when teaching static electricity: A case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last decade of my teaching I have been grappling with how to incorporate learners’ prior everyday knowledge into my Physical Science lessons to enable me to close the gap between school science and everyday knowledge. I conducted this case study in two schools, one in Omusati region and one in Ohangwena Region, Namibia. Its purpose was to investigate how grade 8 Physical Science teachers make use of learners’ prior everyday knowledge when teaching the topic of static electricity. Underpinned by an interpretive paradigm, the study made use of document analysis, observation (lessons were also video-taped) and semi-structured interviews to generate the data. Three data generating techniques were used for triangulation and validation purposes. To further validate the data, transcripts of video-taped lessons and interviews were sent back to the research participants for member checking. The main findings of my study are that teachers did incorporate learners’ prior knowledge in the lesson presentation on static electricity. It emerged from the study that, learners possess a great deal of prior everyday scientific and non-scientific knowledge and experiences about static electricity that they had acquired from their communities. Also, mobilization of learners' everyday knowledge and experiences about static electricity enabled learner engagement during the science lessons. Likewise, engaging learners in demonstrations on static electricity helped them to make meaning of the scientific concepts involved in the topic. It also emerged from this study that teachers face challenges of lack of documentation of indigenous knowledge which is potentially a form of prior knowledge, language barriers and a lack of resources. Based on my research findings, I therefore, recommend that learners' prior everyday knowledge and experiences about static electricity should be incorporated during the teaching and learning process.
12
Brooks, Christopher Darren. "Effects of process-oriented and product-oriented worked examples and prior knowledge on learner problem solving and attitude a study in the domain of microeconomics /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-202302/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: A. Aubteen Darabi, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed May 7, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 183 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
13
Lekota, K. B. "Reading comprehension strategies:the use of prior knowledge as a cognitive strategy by grade 6 learners in a primary school in the Lephalale area." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis ( M.A. (English Studies) --University of Limpopo, 2014Research shows that successful readers make use of prior knowledge. This is supported by schemata theory (Herczog & Porter, 2012; Xigo-hui, Jun & Wei-hua, 2007; Zhang 1993). In this study, the researcher intended to increase the schema of the selected sample and test the theorem. Two groups were selected as samples comprising an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group had the advantage of being exposed to a topic over a month and on the day of the test the two groups were combined and the results from the test were analysed. The outcomes showed that the experimental group out-performed the control group proving that prior knowledge increases chances of comprehension. In the initial test both groups had performed poorly. Many learners in the experimental group would have performed better if they could comprehend the English language. The students who used their schema on the experimental group did better than those who did not.
the National Research Foundation
14
Taub, Michelle. "Can the use of cognitive and metacognitive self-regulated learning strategies be predicted by learners' levels of prior knowledge in Hypermedia-learning environments?" Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on self-regulated learning (SRL) in hypermedia-learning environments is a growing area of interest. One major issue is the role of prior knowledge, which can influence how students interact with hypermedia-learning systems in terms of their use of SRL strategies. In this study, we investigated 52 undergraduate participants' interactions with MetaTutor, a multi-agent, hypermedia-based learning environment, which teaches students about the human circulatory system. We assessed how students' prior knowledge levels may have affected how they used particular cognitive and metacognitive SRL strategies in terms of frequency of use; most common sequences of use; the number engaged in; time spent engaging; and relevant pages visited. We expected that overall, students with high prior knowledge would engage in significantly more cognitive and metacognitive SRL strategies than students with low prior knowledge. Moreover, we expected that students with different prior knowledge levels would engage in different sequences of SRL strategies. We also predicted that students with high prior knowledge would engage in larger amounts of SRL processes, spend more time engaging in SRL processes, and visit more pages, which were relevant to their current sub goals than students with low prior knowledge. Results showed significant differences in the total use of SRL strategies between high and low prior knowledge groups. More specifically, results revealed significant differences in the total use of metacognitive strategies, but not total cognitive strategies between prior knowledge groups, which supported the hypothesis that states students with high prior knowledge would engage in significantly more metacognitive SRL strategies that students with low prior knowledge, but did not support hypothesis, which claimed that students with high prior knowledge would engage in significantly more cognitive strategies than students with low prior knowledge. Results also revealed different sequences of use of SRL strategies between prior knowledge groups; and showed that students used different numbers of SRL processes and thus spent different times engaging in SRL processes; although students with both levels of prior knowledge did not seem to visit different numbers of relevant pages. These results, therefore, supported the hypothesis that students in different prior knowledge groups would engage in different sequences of SRL strategies. Furthermore, these results reveal that the amount of SRL strategies students engaged in, the time students spent engaging in SRL processes, and the relevant pages students visited depended on the sub goal they were working on. These results can have important implications on how we design multi-agent, hypermedia environments, such that we can design pedagogical agents that can adapt to students' learning needs, based on their prior knowledge of the content. Future studies should investigate student learning using multi-channeled data, which can help researchers design agent-based learning environments that adapt to individual needs in terms of cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and affective processes.L'étude de l'apprentissage autorégulé (AAR) dans des environnements hypermédias d'apprentissage est un domaine de recherche en développement. Une question essentielle concerne le rôle des connaissances antérieures qui peuvent influencer la manière dont les étudiants utilisent des stratégies d'AAR lorsqu'ils interagissent avec des systèmes hypermédias d'apprentissage. Dans cette étude, nous examinons les interactions de 52 étudiants de premier cycle universitaire avec MetaTutor, un environnement d'apprentissage multi-agents à base d'hypermédia portant sur le système circulatoire sanguin. Nous évaluons comment des niveaux de connaissances antérieures différents ont pu affecter l'usage par les étudiants de certaines stratégies cognitives et métacognitives d'AAR en termes de fréquence d'utilisation, de séquences d'actions les plus couramment utilisées, du nombre de fois que ces séquences ont été utilisées, du temps passé sur celles-ci et du nombre de pages visitées pertinentes pour leurs sous-buts. De manière générale, nous nous attendions à ce que les étudiants avec des connaissances antérieures importantes utilisent de stratégies cognitives et métacognitives d'AAR que les étudiants ayant peu de connaissances antérieures. Nous nous attendions à voir les étudiants avec différents niveaux de connaissances antérieures employer des séquences de stratégies d'AAR. Nous avions prédit que les étudiants avec des connaissances antérieures importantes tendraient à employer davantage de processus d'AAR, à passer plus de temps à effectuer ces processus, et à visiter plus de pages pertinentes pour leurs sous-buts que les étudiants avec de faibles connaissances antérieures. Les résultats montrent l'existence de différences significatives dans l'usage total des stratégies d'AAR entre le groupe ayant de faibles connaissances antérieures et celui ayant un niveau élevé de connaissances antérieures. Les résultats révèlent des différences significatives dans l'usage total des stratégies métacognitives, mais pas dans l'usage total des stratégies cognitives entre les deux groupes, ce qui confirme l'hypothèse selon laquelle les étudiants avec des connaissances antérieures importantes emploieraient significativement plus de stratégies métacognitives d'AAR que les étudiants avec de faibles connaissances antérieures, mais ne valide pas l'hypothèse selon laquelle les étudiants avec des connaissances antérieures importantes emploieraient plus de stratégies cognitives que les étudiants avec de faibles connaissances antérieures. Les résultats montrent également différentes séquences d'utilisation de stratégies d'AAR entre les deux groupes ayant des niveaux différents de connaissances antérieures: les étudiants ont utilisé un nombre différent de processus d'AAR et ont passé des temps différents à déployer ces processus; en revanche, les différences de niveaux de connaissances antérieures n'ont pas semblé avoir d'influence sur le nombre de pages pertinentes visitées. Ces résultats valident l'hypothèse selon laquelle des étudiants avec différents niveaux de connaissances antérieures emploieraient différentes séquences de stratégies d'AAR. En outre, ces résultats révèlent que le nombre stratégies d'AAR employé par les étudiants, le temps passé à déployer des processus d'AAR, et les pages pertinentes visitées par les étudiants dépendent du sous-but sur lequel ils travaillent. Ces résultats peuvent avoir des implications importantes pour la conception d'environnements hypermédias multi-agents, de manière à pouvoir concevoir des agents pédagogiques capables de s'adapter aux besoins d'apprentissage des étudiants, sur la base de leurs connaissances antérieures du contenu. Des études ultérieures devront examiner l'utilisation de données multi-canaux, qui peuvent aider les chercheurs à concevoir des environnements d'apprentissage à base d'agents capables de s'adapter aux besoins individuels en termes de processus cognitifs, métacognitifs, motivationnels et affectifs.
15
Kambeyo, Linus. "An investigation into how grade 9 Physical Science learners make meaning of the topic on acids and bases through exploring their prior everyday knowledge and experiiences: a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted at the school where I teach which is a semi-rural secondary school (Grade 8-12) situated in Omuthiya Town in Oshikoto region, Namibia. The new curriculum that has been implemented in Namibia, has posed challenges in how best to put the curriculum into practice at this school. It was this challenge that triggered my interest in doing a research study with the aim of improving my practice. Essentially, the study sought to gain insight into whether integrating learners’ prior everyday knowledge and experiences of acids and bases in conjunction with practical activities using easily accessible materials enabled or constrained meaning-making of this topic. This study is located within an interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was adopted with my Grade 9 class. Data were gathered using document analysis, videotaped lessons and observations by a critical friend, stimulated recall discussions while watching the videotaped lessons as well as focus group interviews with the learners. An inductive analysis to discover patterns and themes was applied during the data analysis process. The themes were further turned into analytical statements. Data sets were also analysed in relation to the research questions posed by this study. The validation process was achieved by using a variety of data gathering techniques. I watched the videotaped lessons with a teacher who observed the lessons and transcripts of the interviews and a summary of discussions were given back to the respondents to verify their responses and check for any misinterpretations, a process known as member checking. I also translated what the learners said in Oshiwambo, their home language, into English. The findings from the study revealed that the use of learners’ prior everyday knowledge and experiences of acids and bases facilitated meaningful learning during teaching and learning. Furthermore, linking learning to learners’ everyday experiences enabled them to learn scientific concepts in a relaxed and non-threatening environment. However, linking learners’ prior knowledge and experiences to conventional science (textbook science) proved to be a challenge. My recommendations are that teachers need support in their endeavors to incorporate learners’ real life experiences into their teaching and learning repertoires. Another aspect of my study that deserves further research is the role that language plays in implementing the curriculum.
16
Asino, Tomas. "An investigation into how grade 9 learners make sense of prior everyday knowledge and practical learning through exploring tooth decay problems in Onangalo village: a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001986.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of this study was to investigate how grade 9 learners make sense of prior everyday knowledge and practical learning through exploring tooth decay problems in their local context. The study was conducted at a deep rural Junior Secondary School situated in Onangalo Village, Tsandi constituency in Omusati political region, northern part of Namibia. My research was triggered by the transformation in the Namibian curriculum, which now recognizes a need to contextualize science and make it relevant to the learners’ everyday life experiences. An interpretivist paradigm informed this study. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was employed. The unit of analysis was the various activities undertaken by my grade 9 learners with a view to make meaning of prior everyday knowledge and practical investigations in chemistry. A variety of data generating techniques were used in this study, namely, brainstorming and discussion sessions, questionnaires, practical activities with worksheets and semi-structured interviews. A video recorder was used to capture events throughout. Analytical categories emerged as a result of a coding system called pawing. From the analytical categories, analytical statements were formulated. The generated data was validated by a critical friend who was a Life Science teacher at the same school at which I did this study. Further validation was done through learners watching the video recordings and through focus group interviews. Methodological triangulation was also used to validate the data. The study revealed that the use of learners’ prior everyday knowledge and experiences in teaching and learning promoted active learners’ participation and enhanced meaning making. Thus, the study recommends the adoption of well-structured science lessons which take into consideration learners’ prior everyday knowledge. The study recommends that these science lessons be used in conjunction with practical activities to promote active learner engagement and conceptual development. Despite the benefits of integrating learners’ prior everyday knowledge during teaching and learning, the study however also revealed some challenges such as limited time and difficulties of English language proficiency amongst learners.
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Kuhlane, Zukiswa. "An investigation into the benefits of integrating learners' prior everyday knowledge and experiences during teaching and learning of acids and bases in Grade 7: a case study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted at a school designated as a higher primary school comprised of grade 0-9 learners (GET band) in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. With the advent of the new curriculum in South Africa, we are also grappling with the implementation of the new curriculum at this school. This motivated me to investigate the benefits of eliciting and integrating learners’ prior everyday knowledge and experiences during teaching and learning of acids and bases. Essentially, the study sought to gain insight into whether engaging learners during practical activities using easily accessible materials from their homes facilitated meaning-making of acids and bases. This study is located within an interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was conducted with the researcher’s Grade 7 class. To gather data, document analysis, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, lesson observations, stimulated recall discussions while watching the videotaped lessons as well as focus group interviews with learners were used. An inductive analysis to discover patterns and themes was applied during the data analysis process. The validation process was done through watching the videotaped lessons with the teachers who observed the lessons. Also, transcripts of the interviews and a summary of discussions were given back to the respondents to verify their responses and check for any misinterpretations. Rich data sets were analysed in relation to the research questions which were: How do Natural Sciences teachers elicit and integrate learners’ prioreveryday knowledge and experiences to facilitate learning of scientific concepts of acids and bases in their classrooms? Does engaging learners in practical activities using everyday substances enhance their conceptual development and understanding of acids and bases? The findings from the study revealed that the use of learners’ prior everyday knowledge and experiences during teaching and learning of acids and bases facilitated meaningful learning. Furthermore, linking learning to learners’ everyday experiences enabled them to learn scientific concepts in a relaxed and non-threatening environment. It is thus recommended that teachers should be supported in their endeavours to incorporate learners’ real life experiences during their teaching and learning repertoires. Notwithstanding, as much as there were benefits in this study there were, however, also some challenges that were encountered, such as language, which warrants further research.
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Morrison, Eddie Michael. "Integration of knowledge of systematics in the teaching of population studies and biodiversity to grade 11 Life Sciences learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The implementation of the National Curriculum Statement in 2006 saw the name of the subject known as Biology change to Life Sciences accompanied by changes in subject content. The curriculum committee excluded systematics as a separate unit from the new outcomes-based Life Sciences curriculum for grades 10 to 12 that was implemented in 2006. Educators had to include aspects of systematics in teaching these concepts without guidance from the curriculum. This posed the question whether mastery of population dynamics and biodiversity is dependent on content of systematics in the context of the new curriculum. The New Content Framework for Life Sciences implemented in 2009 reintroduced systematics as a single unit. This raised the question why systematics has been reintroduced in the Life Sciences curriculum. This study aims to determine the influence the exclusion of systematics as a separate unit from the Life Sciences curriculum, implemented in 2006, had on the teaching of population studies and biodiversity. Data was gathered by evaluating and analysing the relevant curriculum statements, work schedules and content frameworks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, first in 2008 when systematics was excluded from the curriculum and then in 2009 after the reintroduction. The first interviews dealt with the exclusion of systematics and the second interviews queried the reintroduction of systematics in the New Content Framework. Interviews were conducted with grade 11 Life Sciences educators at two secondary schools and two curriculum developers involved in compiling the Life Sciences curriculum. An expert in systematics and another in ecology were interviewed about the exclusion of systematics. The workbooks of some grade 11 learners were studied. Classroom observations were conducted when the relevant topics were being covered in class. A number of reasons for the exclusion of systematics from the NCS were advanced. These included: there was no population dynamics expert in the curriculum development team, emphasis was placed on outcomes and not content, the academic background of the members of the curriculum team and the difficulty of teaching systematics, perceived to be uninteresting. There was disagreement whether systematics is essential for understanding population dynamics but there is consensus that the study of systematics influences biodiversity and its exclusion left a regrettable void. However, systematics should be taught in a more interesting way. Prior knowledge is important for understanding of certain processes and concepts as well as for the application of practical skills like problem-solving and scientific inquiry. The curriculum does not provide detailed guidance on the content and practical activities to be covered and educators are encouraged to develop their own curriculum and activities. Experienced educators with strong academic backgrounds in animal and plant sciences referred to or used knowledge of systematics in some lessons. In 2009, systematics was reintroduced in the Life Sciences curriculum to ensure that learners understand biodiversity and evolution through natural selection. It provides learners a better foundation to understand similarities and differences in the structure and function of different organisms and body plans and ensures that they use higher-order thinking skills when doing problem-solving and scientific inquiry activities.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Curriculum Studies
unrestricted
19
Othman, Noor A. "Prior educational experiences and cultural factors in the learner's attitudes and behaviours : a case study of distance learning English course at UiTM, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/10376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a case study that investigates the attitudes and behaviours of learners of a Preparatory English distance learning course (BEL 100 e-PJJ) offered at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, and whether those attitudes and behaviours are influenced by their prior educational experiences and whether cultural factors may also have influence in the attitudes and behaviours of these learners. The research adopts a mixed-method case study design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to the data collection and analysis. Thematic analysis has been adopted as a tool to analyse the interview data qualitatively. The thematic analyses constructed thematic networks which Attride-Stirling (2001) stressed served as an organizing principle and an illustrative tool in interpreting the analysed interview data. Another major source of data collected for this study was the asynchronous forum discussion transcripts. To match the needs of this study, several categories and examples of Henri’s (1992) framework combined with elements from Garrison, Anderson and Archer (2000) CoI model and Hofstede’s (1991) cultural values tool were adapted in analysing the asynchronous forum discussion transcripts. This was to identify the factors which contributed to the attitude and behaviour of the BEL 100 e-PJJ learners. This study has highlighted that the process of learning and teaching of the UiTM Malay/Bumiputera learners depend on the support and training given to the distance learners and facilitators. Learners’ attitudes, behaviours, facilitators’ intervention and purposeful tasks were found to be important in supporting active participation and effective interaction within the course.
20
Derrington, Kathryn. "Comparative analysis of perceptions of metacognitive processes in traditional school leavers and mature age entry students in their first year of university education." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16443/1/Kathryn_Derrington_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the educational psychology literature there is an abundance of research in the field of metacognition. The concentration of this research however has been in primary and secondary school contexts with little attention given to tertiary students' understanding or use of metacognition; there has been even less attention to whether age is a factor in tertiary students' perceptions of their metacognitive processes.
The primary purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of two distinct groups of first year university students, towards their understanding and usage of metacognitive processes and strategies. The two groups defined were traditional school leavers and mature age students. The findings from the exploration of these perceptions were compared to ascertain the similarities and differences in metacognitive processes between the two cohorts.
The data collected for this study were obtained through a process of individual face-to-face in- depth interviews. The choice of this methodology was deliberate in order to gather rich data about the students' perceptions and experiences rather than attempt to measure their levels of metacognition against some predetermined standard.
Data were collected and analyzed on the two constructs of metacognition which were identified in the literature search. These were metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control. A range of affective variables such as self efficacy, motivation and expectancy of success, which impact on students' metacognitive abilities and processes, were also considered in the data collection and analysis.
The findings indicated that age was a factor in determining some differences and similarities in students' perceptions of their own and others metacognitive processes. In certain cases the traditional school leavers' recency of experience with formal study was deemed an advantage; in others the life experience of the mature age students was perceived an advantage. In some instances the age of the student had no discernable impact on their understanding of, and ability to, utilize metacognitive strategies.
These findings assist to broaden the understanding of student perceptions of metacognition in the tertiary context. The findings also make it imperative that tertiary institutions make fewer assumptions about the skills and abilities of their commencing students based on the criterion of age and offer more opportunities to assist students to understand the value of developing and improving their metacognitive processes.
21
Derrington, Kathryn. "Comparative analysis of perceptions of metacognitive processes in traditional school leavers and mature age entry students in their first year of university education." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16443/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the educational psychology literature there is an abundance of research in the field of metacognition. The concentration of this research however has been in primary and secondary school contexts with little attention given to tertiary students' understanding or use of metacognition; there has been even less attention to whether age is a factor in tertiary students' perceptions of their metacognitive processes. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of two distinct groups of first year university students, towards their understanding and usage of metacognitive processes and strategies. The two groups defined were traditional school leavers and mature age students. The findings from the exploration of these perceptions were compared to ascertain the similarities and differences in metacognitive processes between the two cohorts. The data collected for this study were obtained through a process of individual face-to-face in- depth interviews. The choice of this methodology was deliberate in order to gather rich data about the students' perceptions and experiences rather than attempt to measure their levels of metacognition against some predetermined standard. Data were collected and analyzed on the two constructs of metacognition which were identified in the literature search. These were metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control. A range of affective variables such as self efficacy, motivation and expectancy of success, which impact on students' metacognitive abilities and processes, were also considered in the data collection and analysis. The findings indicated that age was a factor in determining some differences and similarities in students' perceptions of their own and others metacognitive processes. In certain cases the traditional school leavers' recency of experience with formal study was deemed an advantage; in others the life experience of the mature age students was perceived an advantage. In some instances the age of the student had no discernable impact on their understanding of, and ability to, utilize metacognitive strategies. These findings assist to broaden the understanding of student perceptions of metacognition in the tertiary context. The findings also make it imperative that tertiary institutions make fewer assumptions about the skills and abilities of their commencing students based on the criterion of age and offer more opportunities to assist students to understand the value of developing and improving their metacognitive processes.
22
Weerasekera, Chamara Saroj. "Deeply Learned Priors for Geometric Reconstruction." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis comprises of a body of work that investigates the use of deeply learned priors for dense geometric reconstruction of scenes. A typical image captured by a 2D camera sensor is a lossy two-dimensional (2D) projection of our three-dimensional (3D) world. Geometric reconstruction approaches usually recreate the lost structural information by taking in multiple images observing a scene from different views and solving a problem known as Structure from Motion (SfM) or Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Remarkably, by establishing correspondences across images and use of geometric models, these methods (under reasonable conditions) can reconstruct a scene's 3D structure as well as precisely localise the observed views relative to the scene. The success of dense every-pixel multi-view reconstruction is however limited by matching ambiguities that commonly arise due to uniform texture, occlusion, and appearance distortion, among several other factors. The standard approach to deal with matching ambiguities is to handcraft priors based on assumptions like piecewise smoothness or planarity in the 3D map, in order to "fill in" map regions supported by little or ambiguous matching evidence. In this thesis we propose learned priors that in comparison more closely model the true structure of the scene and are based on geometric information predicted from the images. The motivation stems from recent advancements in deep learning algorithms and availability of massive datasets, that have allowed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict geometric properties of a scene such as point-wise surface normals and depths, from just a single image, more reliably than what was possible using previous machine learning-based or hand-crafted methods. In particular, we first explore how single image-based surface normals from a CNN trained on massive amount of indoor data can benefit the accuracy of dense reconstruction given input images from a moving monocular camera. Here we propose a novel surface normal based inverse depth regularizer and compare its performance against the inverse depth smoothness prior that is typically used to regularize regions in the reconstruction that are textureless. We also propose the first real-time CNN-based framework for live dense monocular reconstruction using our learned normal prior. Next, we look at how we can use deep learning to learn features in order to improve the pixel matching process itself, which is at the heart of multi-view geometric reconstruction. We propose a self-supervised feature learning scheme using RGB-D data from a 3D sensor (that does not require any manual labelling) and a multi-scale CNN architecture for feature extraction that is fast and eficient to run inside our proposed real-time monocular reconstruction framework. We extensively analyze the combined benefits of using learned normals and deep features that are good-for-matching in the context of dense reconstruction, both quantitatively and qualitatively on large real world datasets. Lastly, we explore how learned depths, also predicted on a per-pixel basis from a single image using a CNN, can be used to inpaint sparse 3D maps obtained from monocular SLAM or a 3D sensor. We propose a novel model that uses predicted depths and confidences from CNNs as priors to inpaint maps with arbitrary scale and sparsity. We obtain more reliable reconstructions than those of traditional depth inpainting methods such as the cross-bilateral filter that in comparison offer few learnable parameters. Here we advocate the idea of "just-in-time reconstruction" where a higher level of scene understanding reliably inpaints the corresponding portion of a sparse map on-demand and in real-time.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2018
23
Mabena, Ntokozo. "Accelerating decision making under partial observability using learned action priors." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24175.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, 2017.Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) provide a principled mathematical framework allowing a robot to reason about the consequences of actions and observations with respect to the agent's limited perception of its environment. They allow an agent to plan and act optimally in uncertain environments. Although they have been successfully applied to various robotic tasks, they are infamous for their high computational cost. This thesis demonstrates the use of knowledge transfer, learned from previous experiences, to accelerate the learning of POMDP tasks. We propose that in order for an agent to learn to solve these tasks quicker, it must be able to generalise from past behaviours and transfer knowledge, learned from solving multiple tasks, between di erent circumstances. We present a method for accelerating this learning process by learning the statistics of action choices over the lifetime of an agent, known as action priors. Action priors specify the usefulness of actions in situations and allow us to bias exploration, which in turn improves the performance of the learning process. Using navigation domains, we study the degree to which transferring knowledge between tasks in this way results in a considerable speed up in solution times. This thesis therefore makes the following contributions. We provide an algorithm for learning action priors from a set of approximately optimal value functions and two approaches with which a prior knowledge over actions can be used in a POMDP context. As such, we show that considerable gains in speed can be achieved in learning subsequent tasks using prior knowledge rather than learning from scratch. Learning with action priors can particularly be useful in reducing the cost of exploration in the early stages of the learning process as the priors can act as mechanism that allows the agent to select more useful actions given particular circumstances. Thus, we demonstrate how the initial losses associated with unguided exploration can be alleviated through the use of action priors which allow for safer exploration. Additionally, we illustrate that action priors can also improve the computation speeds of learning feasible policies in a shorter period of time.
MT2018
24
Thakrar, Jayshree Sona. "Recognition of prior learning: An elusive goal for the non-formal learner?" Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1702.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Faculty of Humanities
School of Education
0415279k
jthakrar@ofh.ac.zaRecognition of prior learning (RPL), the practice of valuing adults’ learning, derived from formal, informal or non-formal contexts, forms a key component of the transformational agenda of the education landscape in South Africa. Yet few institutions of higher education in South Africa practice RPL. The aim of this study is to provide insight into RPL by evaluating its current practice at one institution of higher education, the University of Fort Hare, highlighting its successes and challenges. The sources of information for this study included past RPL candidates, RPL assessors and co-ordinators, and the policy, processes and procedures that govern the RPL process in the institution. The methods used to collect the data included interviews, observation of institutional RPL workshops and an analysis of relevant RPL documentation. The research results suggest that there has been a limited uptake of RPL, which has impeded a holistic approach to RPL. Challenges include the draft status of an institutional policy, inconsistent RPL practices, the limitations of some of the RPL assessment methods, the lack of RPL data systems, the costs associated with supporting RPL candidates, the duplication of resources and practices, and the impact on academic workloads. A series of recommendations have been made to address these and other challenges highlighted in the research results.
25
Snyman, Maria. "The influence of the learner profile on recognition of prior learning (RPL) assessment." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recognition of prior learning (RPL) is an assessment process through which experience
gained outside academic contexts is recognised. The purpose of the research was to
determine the influence the learner profile has on RPL assessment. To realise the purpose,
the learner profile was described and consequently learning outcomes formulated for a
portfolio workshop. The method which the study followed was a qualitative interpretative
approach. The research comprised a literature study about adult learning theories that
served as a theoretical framework for the study, as well as an overview of RPL assessment,
followed by an empirical study. The empirical research component followed a multiple data
collection method. The personal life stories of the research participants were analysed in
order to compile a learner profile. The role the workshop played was determined from a
learner perspective by means of an open questionnaire for participants. It included a
collection of workshop photographs. Finally, the reflection of a group of RPL learners about
their personal learning experiences was analysed.
The research found that the learner profile included distinctive personal traits, such as
motivation, task orientation, a sense of responsibility and an orientation towards the future.
The nature of the learner profile as well as of informal learning gained within diverse learning
contexts require directed preparation for assessment. The learners regarded the portfolio
workshop as a sustainable learning process and as a transformational learning experience.
The role the workshop played was multidimensional, as it served as preparation for
compiling the portfolio. It also empowered and prepared the learner on a personal level for
the context of tertiary education. Based on the research findings, the recommendations for an RPL approach should include
the following: Firstly, the learner‟s voice should be afforded recognition. Secondly,
preparation for assessment is essential. Thirdly, the preparation should follow an approach
of assessment as a sustainable learning process. Finally, the learning outcomes for the
portfolio workshop make a contribution to support the learners in bridging the learning
contexts of informal learning and academic learning.
The research makes a valuable contribution, as the empirical research shows that the
holistic learner profile guides the approach to assessment. The mission of RPL to bring
about transformation will only become a reality if a learner-centred approach recognises and
empowers the learner on a personal and academic level.Die Erkenning van Vorige Leer (EVL) is 'n assesseringsproses waardeur ervaring wat buite akademiese kontekste verwerf is, erken word. Die doel met die navorsing was om die invloed van die leerderprofiel op EVL-assessering te bepaal. Om die doel te bereik, is die leerderprofiel beskryf en voortvloeiend daaruit leeruitkomste vir 'n portefeuljewerkswinkel saamgestel. Die metode wat die studie gevolg het, was 'n kwalitatiewe interpretiewe benadering. Die navorsing bestaan uit 'n literatuurstudie oor volwasse leerteorieë wat as teoretiese raamwerk vir die studie gedien het, asook 'n oorsig oor EVL-assessering, gevolg deur 'n empiriese studie. Die empiriese navorsingskomponent het 'n meervoudige dataversamelingsmetode gevolg. Die navorsingsdeelnemers se persoonlike lewensverhale is geanaliseer om sodoende 'n leerderprofiel saam te stel. Die rol van die werkswinkel is vanuit 'n leerdersperspektief bepaal deur middel van 'n ope-vraelys aan deelnemers, wat 'n versameling werkswinkel-foto's ingesluit het. Laastens is die reflektering van 'n groepie EVL-leerders oor hulle persoonlike leerervaringe ge-analiseer. Die navorsing het bevind dat die leerderprofiel onderskeidende persoonlike kenmerke, soos motivering, taakgerigtheid, 'n verantwoodelikheidsin en 'n toekomsgerigtheid insluit. Die aard van die leerderprofiel, asook die aard van informele leer verwerf binne diverse leerkontekste vereis gerigte voorbereiding tot assessering. Die leerders het die portefeuljewerkswinkel as 'n volhoubare leerproses en as transformasionele leerervaring beskou. Die rol van die werkswinkel is meervoudig, aangesien dit dien as voorbereiding tot die saamstel van die portefeulje, asook die leerder op persoonlike vlak bemagtig en voorberei vir die konteks van tersiêre onderrig. Die aanbevelings tot 'n EVL-benadering behoort, op grond van die navorsingsbevindinge, die volgende in te sluit. Eerstens moet erkenning aan die stem van die leerder gegee word, tweedens is voorbereiding tot assessering noodsaaklik en derdens behoort die voorbereiding 'n benadering van assessering as 'n volhoubare leerposes te volg. Laastens lewer die leeruitkomste vir die portefeuljewerkswinkel 'n praktykgerigte bydrae om die leerder te ondersteun om die leerkontekste van informele leer en akademiese leer te oorbrug. Die navorsing lewer 'n waardevolle bydrae aangesien die empiriese navorsing toon dat die holistiese leerderprofiel die benadering tot assessering rig. Die missie van EVL om transformasie te weeg te bring, sal slegs 'n realiteit word indien 'n leerdergesentreerde benadering die leerder op persoonlike en op akademiese vlak erken en bemagtig.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)
26
Naidu, Sundrasagren. "Recognition of prior learning and assessment of adult learners : considerations for theory, policy and practice." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of the transformation agenda of education and training policy, the
main thrust of Recognition and Prior Learning (RPL) in the South
African policy context was to contribute to addressing social justice
issues such as equity, redress and access of the majority of adult learners,
who were historically denied access to formal learning. The study focuses on the following critical questions: What are the official policy claims of the assessment and recognition of prior learning at the national and sectoral level? How do assessors mediate official policy in recognising and assessing
prior learning of adult learners in an institutional context? What are the experiences and engagements of adult learners in having their prior learning assessed?
This research responds to the conceptual gaps in the study of RPL
policy and practice and the National Qualifications Framework. The
study examines epistemological issues such as: what and whose
knowledge is considered as valid; the relationship between knowledge
and experience; the relationship between different types of knowledge
and learning; and the relationship between knowledge and access to power.
The study also addresses a contextual gap: very limited research exists
on the RPL experiences of societies in transition with similar transformational agendas as South Africa.
The present research study also examines the implementation process
in a transitional context, exploring the gap that develops between
intended policies and actual practice.
This is a qualitative study using the case study approach to examine the
complexities of the assessment and recognition of prior learning process
in a Technical College Institution located in the Further Education and Training Band.
The analysis of selected international case studies of RPL contributed to
identifying and exploring conceptual gaps in RPL policy and practice.
These conceptual issues provided the first set of preliminary lens for the
production, description and analysis of data in the research study. The
preliminary lens were then re-interpreted and elaborated in relation to
Bernstein 's theory (1996) of symbolic control and cultural production.
reproduction and change. The synthesised conceptual framework
provided a theoretical vocabulary to redescribe and reinterpret data at
deeper levels of abstraction.
The key findings of the research were as follows:
The undertheorisation of RPL in policy circles and the ways in which
policy has tended to gloss over issues such as "equivalence",
"integrated competence", knowledge-power dynamics and the
differences between mainstream and outsider knowledge;
The gap between policy rhetoric and sectoral practice. The sector
advocated a technicist approach to RPL that was preoccupied with
matching adult experiential learning against prescribed standards.
The sector practice marginalized or even excluded adult learners who
had acquired their knowledge and learning in non-formal and
informal contexts;
Nevertheless, assessors who were socially and culturally sensitive to
the RPL process had an implicit understanding of the different types
of knowledge and knowers. Their developmental approach to RPL provided an enabling environment for adult learners to demonstrate
their learning and knowledge from experience.
Adult learners without high levels of formal literacy were able to
demonstrate their ability to reflect on their experiential learning to
transfer their abstract and critical thought processes to solve new
problems in the assessment context. The research highlights the
commensurability between informal and formal knowledge and the
ability of workers who have learnt their skills informally to
demonstrate high levels of conceptual and transferable skills.
The present research makes the following theoretical contributions:
Firstly , Bernstein's theory was extended to examine policy formulation
and the policy process. Within the framework of critical policy analysis,
a new construct: "relations outside" was created as an analytical tool to
examine the nuances of the macro-contexts (historical, political, social,
economic) which shape the meaning and significance of policy.
Secondly, the research study produces a new conceptual framework to
analyse the complex and dynamic nature of RPL policy and practice in a
transformational context.
The present study advocates a critical and holistic approach to RPL
that interrogates how power-relations within and across contextual,
epistemological and pedagogical issues reproduce or challenge the
existing patterns of inequalities in society.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Durban-Westville, 2004.
27
França, Tiago Rocha Martins. "Costs of item repetition in a 2-AFC task aimed to assess statistical learning: effects of word’s predictability and prior knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em PsicologiaSeveral studies acknowledged the problems with the use of the standard two-alternative-forced choice (2-AFC) task to assess statistical learning (SL) in a valid and reliable way. The purpose of this study was to directly examine the cost that the use of multiple repetition of same items during the 2-AFC task involve. Furthermore, to test whether that cost might be modulated by words’ predictability and the prior knowledge of the to-be-learned regularities, “words” with transitional probabilities (TPs) of 1.0 (easy “words”) and TPs of .50 (hard “words”) were used during the familiarization phase of an SL task performed under incidental (implicit) and intentional (explicit) conditions. Although results from all participants failed to show signs of detrimental effects of item repetition, the analyses including only the participants who showed clear evidence of learning in each of the SL tasks indicated that item repetition had indeed detrimental effects on the 2-AFC performance particularly for hard “words” under implicit conditions.
Vários estudos reconheceram os problemas que a utilização da tarefa de escolha forçada entre duas alternativas (2-AFC) para avaliar a aprendizagem estatística acarretam. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de examinar o custo que a repetição dos mesmos itens numa tarefa 2-AFC envolve. Além disso, testámos se esse custo seria modulado pela previsibilidade das palavras e pelo conhecimento prévio das regularidades a aprender usando "palavras" com probabilidades de transição (TPs) de 1.0 (palavras fáceis) e TPs de .50 (palavras difíceis) durante a fase de familiarização de uma tarefa de aprendizagem estatística realizada sob condições acidentais (implícitas) e intencionais (explícitas) de aprendizagem. Embora os resultados das análises conduzidas com de todos os participantes não tenham revelado sinais de efeitos prejudiciais da repetição dos itens, os resultados das análises conduzidas apenas os participantes que mostraram evidência clara de aprendizagem em cada uma das tarefas, indicaram que a repetição de itens teve de facto efeitos prejudiciais no desempenho da tarefa 2-AFC, particularmente para "palavras" difíceis em condições implícitas.
Este estudo integra-se no âmbito do projeto "Correlatos neurodesenvolvimentais dos mecanismos implícitos-explícitos de aprendizagem em crianças com Perturbação Específica de Linguagem: Evidência com potenciais evocados cerebrais" (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028212) financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) e pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, através de fundos nacionais, e co-financiado pelo FEDER, através do COMPETE2020, no âmbito do acordo Portugal 2020.
28
McGhee, Belinda Maria Despujols. "Profiles of elementary-age English language learners with reading-related learning disabilities (LD) identified as speech and language impaired prior to, at, or after identification as LD." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the characteristics of 14 English Language Learners classified as having learning disabilities (LD) who were also identified as having speech and language impairments (SI) prior to, at, or after initial identification as LD. Data were collected under the auspices of a longitudinal study, Bilingual Exceptional Students: Effective Practices for Oral Language and Reading Instruction, conducted by multicultural special education faculty at the University of Texas at Austin between 1999 and 2002. Participants were served in bilingual education and bilingual special education programs in a large, central Texas school District. Archival data from students’ cumulative, bilingual and special education records were analyzed to profile student characteristics at the point of their initial LD and SI eligibility determinations. A clinical judgment panel comprised of bilingual special education experts analyzed student data and made independent eligibility recommendations for each participant. These recommendations were compared to the multidisciplinary teams (MDTs’) eligibility decisions. Findings revealed that MDTs
based eligibility primary on the presence of an IQ-achievement discrepancy and did not adequately consider factors, other than the presence of LD that could explain student difficulties. When data other than the IQ-achievement discrepancy were considered, the
clinical judgment panel classified 4 participants as LD and 9 as having disabilities other than LD; the panel felt that data for one student were insufficient to make an eligibility recommendation. Findings related to identification of SI for this population were limited because students were assessed using a Spanish translation of an English speech and language assessment developed by the district. Test results corroborated parents’ and teachers’ concerns that these students had significant communication problems. Implications for improving practices related to early intervention, referral, assessment, and eligibility determinations for ELLs are presented and suggestions for future research are delineated.text
29
Chen, Boi Yu, and 陳柏裕. "An investigation of the impact of the multimedia presentation and prior knowledge on learners' achievement and cognitive load using eye-tracking technology." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33122909341692437451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立嘉義大學
數位學習設計與管理學系研究所
99
This study aims to explore the effects of different multimedia presentation modes on high and low prior knowledge learners’ cognitive load. We used eye-tracking to observe learner's reading process. Forty-six university students were engaged in this study for two experiments. Participants accepted two multimedia-based units separately: 1) Structure of Heart; and 2) Lung and Body of Circulation. The first unit is designed as two modes which are “pictures and text” and “pictures, text and sounds.” The second unit is designed as two modes which are “pictures and text” and “animation and text.” Participants were randomly assigned to two media presentation modes, accepting pretest as a base for dividing them into high-prior and low-prior knowledge group (Experiment 1: 15 in high-prior knowledge group, 13 in low-prior knowledge group. Experiment 2: 11 in high-prior knowledge group, 15 in low-prior knowledge group.). The experiments were conducted in the eye-tracking laboratory for recording the learner's eye movements on multimedia teaching materials. The results showed that, in both experiments, high prior knowledge learners outperformed low-prior knowledge learners in performance but no significant difference was found in cognitive load. In experiment 1, high-prior knowledge learner focused more on the pictures than low-prior knowledge learners while reading. Such phenomenon was not shown in experiment 2. In addition, the researcher found that, in experiments 1, high-prior knowledge learners obtain information mainly from pictures. Besides, low-prior knowledge learners have more regressions between pictures and text than high prior knowledge learners. For future design of multimedia aimed at low-prior knowledge learner, it is suggested to simplify materials and integrate text with meaning pictures so that learners can construct their perception by linking pictures and text.
30
Chang, Pu-Wen, and 張卜文. "The effect of Digital game-based learning system interface design’s aesthetic on learning attitudes and basic physical learning effectiveness from different prior knowledge learners." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68747021479857146937.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士淡江大學
教育科技學系碩士班
101
Facing the impact of globalization, information technology and technologized social changes, the knowledge background for learners are already different. For the study of basic physic, the use of Digital Game-Based Learning could help students to enhance learning motivation and to change the learning attitude. Hence, the game''s interface design has become increasingly important. The user-centered design style starts to be part of the discussion and the interface designs’ aesthetic is also gradually becoming the focus. This research aims to explore if the aesthetic of Digital Game-Based Learning System interface design would affect the learning attitude and the learning effectiveness of basic physics from the students with different prior knowledge. The participants in this study are 99 students from a private university, which are classified into high or low level of prior knowledge groups according to the average scores of basic prior physic knowledge pre-test. Apple''s iPad 2 is used as a mobile device with three types of Digital Game-Based Learning Systems: "Amazing Alex", "Crazy Machines", and “Crazy Machines 2", to execute the Digital Game-Based Learning activities for 30 minutes. After that, the participants would fill the aesthetic checklist, learning attitude scale, and prior knowledge post-test. Then, we randomly select six participants for the interview. The results appeal: first, the aesthetic of interface design does not affect learning effectiveness, but it does have a striking effect on the learning attitudes, especially in these three aspects: learning desire, using method, and learning motivation. Second, the different level of prior knowledge has a significant impact on learning effectiveness, but does not affect the learning attitude. However, the high level prior knowledge group has more motivation for learning. Third and last, there is no interaction between aesthetic and prior knowledge.
31
Francisco, Susanne Lynette. "How novice vocational education and training teachers learn to become teachers." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90284.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences.Expectations of the vocational education and training (VET) sector continue to increase as governments, industry, and the community see vocational education and training as an answer to a range of issues. Meeting these expectations and providing quality VET requires VET teachers with a high level of skills and abilities. At the same time, in Australia, many VET teachers begin teaching with little or no prior experience or educational qualifications related to teaching. This thesis addresses the question of how novice vocational education and training teachers learn to undertake the teaching role. Specifically, it considers, • How novice VET teachers learn to become teachers through undertaking the teaching role; • How novice VET teachers learn to become teachers through practices additional to the teaching role; • What novice VET teachers learn; and • What enables and constrains novice VET teacher learning. Nine novice teachers, in eight different teaching areas, and across four campuses, participated in the longitudinal multi-case study undertaken over two years. A practice theory framework was used to design the research and to analyse the data. The research found that there was considerable variation in the practices that novice teachers undertook as part of their role as a teacher. For instance, ‘teaching’ involved different practices in each site. There was also variation in what each teacher needed to learn to undertake that role. The research found that practices associated with undertaking the teaching role were more influential in supporting teacher learning than practices additional to the teaching role. In some sites, a trellis of interconnected practices that supported learning (PSLs) was developed. A trellis is made up of interconnected components that help support growth in a particular direction. In sites where a trellis of PSLs was developed, it provided greater support for novice teacher learning to undertake their role than in sites where PSLs were not interconnected. The thesis identifies the key arrangements in each site that enabled and constrained novice teacher learning.
32
Makandidze, Lancelot Sibanengi. "Exploring learners' understanding of trigonometric functions using GeoGebra software : a case of grade 11 Mathematics learners at a school in Tshwane South District." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and ZuluThe purpose of this study was to explore the learners’ understanding of trigonometric functions using GeoGebra software. A qualitative case study approach was used with six Grade 11 learners at a school in Tshwane South District. The data were collected during a seven-day period using multiple methods: a diagnostic test, worksheets, a smart recorder, a trigonometric functions test, one-on-one interviews and focus-group discussions. The findings showed clearly that the use of GeoGebra enhanced Grade 11 learners’ understanding of trigonometric functions. The findings also showed that the use of GeoGebra helped the learners to understand the basic trigonometric functions graphs. This enabled them to sketch freely without using the point-by-point method. Based on this study, it is recommended that GeoGebra should be made available to all Grade 11 learners. This will encourage them use the software out of regular school hours.
Die doel van hierdie studiegids was om die leerder se kennis van die gebruik van GeoGebra sagteware, ten opsigte van trigonometriese funksies te ondersoek. ‘n Kwalitatiewe benadering is gevolg met ses Graad 11 leerders by ‘n skool in die Tshwane Suid Distrik. Die data is ingewin oor ‘n periode van sewe dae, deur gebruik te maak van verskeie metodes: ‘n diagnostiese toets, werkkaarte, ‘n “smart” opname, ‘n trigonometriese funksies toets, een-tot-een onderhoude en fokusgroepe waar besprekings plaasgevind het. Die data-analise wys duidelik dat die gebruik van GeoGebra, die Graad 11 leerders gehelp het om trigonometriese funksies beter te verstaan. Die uitkomste wys ook duidelik dat GeoGebra die leerders gehelp het met ‘n beter begrip van die basiese trigonometriese funksies. Dit het hulle gehelp om vryhand sketse te doen en nie noodwendig die punt-tot-punt metode nie. Gebaseer op hierdie studie beveel ons aan dat GeoGebra beskikbaar gemaak moet word aan aale Graad 11 leerders. Dit sal leerders motiveer om ook die sagteware op hulle eie buite skoolure te gebruik.
Injongo yocwaningo lolu bekuyikuhlola ukuzwisisa kwabantwana amagrafu e-trigonometry ma bewafunda nge softhiwe ye GeoGebra. Abantwana abayisithupha abakubanga letshumi lanye abaphuma kusigodi se Tshwane South babambiqhaza kulolucwaningo lwendlela ye ‘qualitative case study’. Imininingo iqoqwe kumalanga ayisikhombisa kusetshenziswa indlela ezilandelayo: ukuhlolwa kwe-diagnostic, amaphepha okusebenzela, isingxoxo zamunye ngamunye lezingxoxo leqembu. Iziphumo ezinkulu zikhombe ngokucacile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe yeGeoGebra kukhulise ukuzwisisa kwamagrafu e-trigonometry ngabafundi bebanga letshumi lanye.Iziphumo njalo zibonise ukuthi abafundi bazwisisa izinto eziyisiseko ngala magrafu ma bewafunda ngesofthiwe ye GeoGebra. Lokhu kunike abafundi amandla okudwebadweba lamagrafu ngokushesha ngokukhululeka. Kusekelwa ngalezi ziphumo, kunconyiwe ukuthi abafundi bafumane isofthiwe yeGeoGebra ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kuzabakhuthaza ukuthi basebenzise lesofthiwe noma bengaphandle kwesikolo.
Mathematics Education
M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)
33
Hlongwane, Ike Khazamula. "Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) implementation in library and information science (LIS) schools in South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Owing to past injustices, the South African higher education sector is characterised by inequalities of resource allocation and of learning opportunities. Through the National Qualification Framework (NQF), recognition of prior learning (RPL) was established to address the previous inequalities in higher education and training.
RPL can be used as a mechanism to offer non-traditional learners such as workers, adult learners, and community workers access to learning programmes in Library and Information Science (LIS) schools. It can also be used for up-skilling within LIS sector, to enable staff to migrate from paraprofessional to professional roles. LIS schools could possibly use this approach to offer experienced but unqualified library workers opportunities for progressive professional development and career growth. Despite it being a national policy and its obvious benefits, very little is known about RPL implementation in LIS schools in South Africa. This study was conducted to investigate the nature of RPL implementation in LIS schools in South Africa and make recommendations for effective and efficient RPL practice in these schools.
The study used the questionnaire as the main data collection tool. In addition, document analysis was used to validate the collected data.
The results of the study indicated that there were islands of good RPL practice in LIS schools in South Africa specifically with regard to the aspect of RPL assessment process. However, certain weaknesses were identified in other aspects of RPL implementation in LIS schools including the policy environment, training of personnel conducting RPL assessment and the quality management systems.
Among other things, the study recommends that RPL quality management system (QMS) should ideally be driven by the head/chair of the school/department. Furthermore, an integrated student management system should be used to monitor the progression of RPL candidates through the formal academic system post RPL.Information Science
D. Litt et. Phil. (Information Science)
34
Brubacher, Katherine. "Education and the Unschooled Student: Teachers’ Discourses on Teaching Elementary School English Literacy Development Students." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on empirical qualitative data collected by interviewing eight elementary school teachers from across four different school boards in Ontario and analyzing new Ontario Ministry of Education policy and guidelines for supporting and programming for English Literacy Development (ELD) students, this research seeks to better understand how teachers’ discourses influence their perception of ELD students’ experiences in elementary schools. In particular, I look at how they view their roles as teachers, the purpose of education and schooling, their personal views on diversity, and how they program literacy for ELD students. The participants’ discourses reveal that although they prioritize having positive relationships with their students, they often struggled to relate positively with their ELD students. Reassessing how the formal school is structured and providing directed professional development on teaching ELD students could work towards creating more positive learning experiences for ELD students in Ontario elementary schools.
35
Mothokoa, Nomathemba Bridgette. "The experiences of recognition of prior learning nursing candidates related to the four year comprehensive nursing training programme at a nursing education institution in Gauteng." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) nursing candidates related to the four-year comprehensive nursing training programme at a Nursing Education Institution in Gauteng. To this end an exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was undertaken. The research sample comprised of 13 purposefully selected participants. Face-to-face individual interviews, using open-ended questions (Grand tour), were used to collect data, which was analysed using Tesch’s approach. Findings from the study highlighted the challenges faced by nursing RPL candidates as adult students. These included challenges related to their theoretical learning as well as their clinical facility experiences. Based on the study results, recommendations were formulated in assisting them to successfully and timeously complete their nursing programmeHealth Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
36
Omoniyi, Adebayo Akinyinka. "Impact of constructivist instructional approach on grade 12 learners' understanding of stationary points in differential calculus." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the realization that traditional instructional approach has not yielded satisfactory results, quasi-experimental and descriptive research designs were employed to investigate whether the application of constructivist instructional approach in the learning of stationary points in differential calculus by Grade 12 learners in South Africa would improve conceptual learning. Three Gauteng high schools of 204 Grade 12 learners constituted the research fields – one served as the control group while the other two represented the experimental group.
Being a mixed-method research, quantitative data were gathered through pre-test and post-test while qualitative data were collected from classroom observations. Both inferential and descriptive statistical methods of data collection and analysis were used. The results obtained indicate that the experimental group demonstrated a better understanding of the concept of stationary points than the control group.Mathematics Education
M. Sc. (Mathematics Education)
37
Banjo, Balqis Olawumi. "An exploration into teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teaching quadratic function in grade 10." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study’s purpose was to explore the components of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teaching quadratic function in Grade 10 mathematics classrooms in Mogalakwena district, Limpopo. The study was mainly guided by Shulman’s PCK and it was categorised as content knowledge, knowledge of the curriculum, knowledge of learners and knowledge of teaching strategies. The researcher employed a qualitative case study research design to explore the teaching of three purposefully selected Grade 10 mathematics teachers regarding their knowledge of quadratic function, strategies employed to teach quadratic function and knowledge of Grade 10 mathematics learners in quadratic function. In this study the researcher argued that PCK strands are interwoven, and in order to teach mathematical concepts, such as quadratic function, effectively teachers should employ components of PCK to complement one another. Data were gathered by lesson observation and interviews. Findings revealed that concepts of quadratic function are inefficiently addressed in Grade 10 due to teachers’ lack or inadequacy in some aspects of PCK. Therefore, there is need to develop mathematics teachers’ PCK in the Mogalakwena district to enhance their teaching of Grade 10 quadratic function.Mathematics Education
M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)
38
Manzini, Theresa Lydia Badiktsie. "The support of juvenile offenders in correctional centres schools : a wellness perspective." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to explore the support
of juvenile offender learners in correctional schools from a wellness perspective.
The support of juvenile offender learners on the six dimensions of wellness is
crucial since it has a wide range of benefits, it links achievement of teaching and
learning, and rehabilitation and avoid recidivism. The study integrates Ubuntu and
Wellness frameworks (Hettler, 1984) as a lens to understand the support of
juvenile offender learners’ wellness in the correctional schools. The two
frameworks informed the formulated Wellness framework as an approach to
address and support wellness in active teaching and learning of the juvenile
learners in the correctional schools. Data collection methods used was semi-
structured interviews, open-ended questionnaires and observations. The research
used purposive sampling of 12 teachers and 21 juvenile offender learners from
seven correctional schools in four different provinces in South Africa. Ethical
considerations are followed this include how best to negotiate access to the
correctional schools, signed consent forms, anonymity, and confidentiality. The
findings of the study revealed inadequate support structures and challenges that
threaten the wellness of juvenile learners. However, it was revealed that teachers
make an effort to support juvenile offender learners’ wellness in the correctional
schools. Conversely, there are gaps in terms of policy, theory, and practice on how
they can effectively support juvenile learners. The major impediment is that
teachers are trained to teach in mainstream schools not in the environment of
imprisonment. The study recommends that teachers, Learner Support Assistant
(LSA), Peer Educators (PE), and security official be trained on how to identify
intellectual, physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and career challenges of juvenile
learners and address them in order to improve their learning, and rehabilitate. The
DCS can do this through collaboration with various stakeholders who have
knowledge and expertise in the six-wellness dimensions. Hence, the study
formulated the model called Collaborative Intervention Support for Wellness
framework. It consists of five strategic support structures (DCS, and other
governmental department, non-governmental stakeholders LSA and PE) that are
to assist the teachers in the correctional schools to support and enhance the
juvenile offender learners’ wellness.Morero oa thuto ena ea boleng bo phahameng ene e le ho hlahloba tšehetso ea baithuti ba tlolo ea molao dikolong tsa tikolo tsa tikoloho ho tloha boemong bo botle. Ts’ehetso ea baithuti ba tlolo ea molao lilemong tse tšeletseng tsa bophelo bo bottle e bohlokoa, hobane enale melemo e mengata, e hokela phihlello ea ho ruta le ho ithuta, le ntlafatso le ho qoba ho iphapanya. Boithuto bona bo hokahanya meralo ea Ubuntu le Wellness (Hettler, 1984) joalo ka lense la ho utloisisa tšehetso ea bophelo ba barutoana ba litlolo tsa molao dikolong tsa tlhabollo. Meralo ena e mebedi e tsebesitse sebopeho se hlophisitseong sa Wellness e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le ho ts’ehetsa bophelo bo botle ho ruteng le ho ithuteng ha barutoana ba basenye dikolong tsa khalemelo. Mekhoa ea ho bokella ya tsebo ya ditaba e sebedisetsoeng ene ele dipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng hantle, dipotso tse bulehileng le dipotso. Patlisiso e sebelisitse sampole e nang le morero ae barutisi ba 12 le baithuti ba 21 ba molato hotsoa dikolong tse supileng tsa khalemelo diprofinseng tse nne tse fapaneng tsa Afrika Boroa. Mehopolo ea boit’oaro e lateloa ho kenyeletsa kamoo ho ka buisanang ka mokhoa oa ho buisana leho kena dikolong, liforomo tsa tumello tse saennoeng, ho se tsejoe lekunutu. Se fumanoeng ke liphuputsi li fumane meetso e sa lekaneng ea tšehetso le liphephetso tse sokelang boiketlo ba barutoana. Leha ho le joalo, ho ile ha senoloa hore barutise ba etsa boiteko ba ho tšehetsa bophelo ba bana ba botlokotsebe bo bottle dikolong tsa khalemelo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho na le likheo ho latela melaoana, teori, le boikoetliso bah ore nab a ka tšehetsa baithuti ba basenye joang. Tši tiso e kholo ke hore barutisi a koetliselitsoe ho ruta dikolong tsa kantle eseng tikolohong ea chankaneng. Boithuto bona bo khothaletsa hore barutisi, LSA, PE, le ofisiri ea tšireletso ba koetlisoe mabapi le mokhoa oa ho khetholla mathata a kelello, mmele, sechaba, maikutlo, memoya le tsa mosebetsi oa baithuti tsa bana ba basenye le ho libua le bona bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa thuto ea bona, le ho nchafatsa.DCS e ka etsa sena ka tšebedisano mmoho le bankakarolo ba fapaneng ba nang le tsebo le boiphihlelo maemong a tšeletseng a bophelo bo bottle. Kahoo, thuto e thehile mohlala o bitsoang Collaborative Intervention Support for Wellness. E beha maemong a bohlano a tšehetso (DCS, le Lefapa le leng la mmoso, barekisi basing bammuso, LSA, le barupeli ba dithaka) tse tla thusa barutiši dikolong tsa khalemelo ho tse’etsa le ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba barutoana ba molato.
Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe, fenomenologiese studie was om die ondersteuning van jeugoortredende leerders in korrektiewe skole vanuit ‘n welstandsperspektief te ondersoek. Die ondersteuning van jong jeugdige oortreders in die ses dimensies van welstand is van kardinale belang, aangesien dit ‘n wye verskeidenheid voordele inhou, verbind dit die prestasie van onderrig en leer, en rehabilitasie en vermy herhaling. Die studie integreer Ubuntu en wellness-raamwerke (Hettler,1984) as ‘n lens om die ondersteumning van jeugoortreders se welstand in die skole vir korrektiewe te verstaan. Die twee raamwerke het die geformuleerde welstand-raamwerk ingelig as ‘n benadering om welstand in die aktiewe onderrig en leer van jong leerder in die korrektiewe skole aan te spreek en te ondersteun. Metodes vir die insameling van data wat gebruik is, was semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude, oop vraelyste en waarnemings. In die navorsing is doelgerigte steekproefneming van 12 onderwysers en 21 jong oortreders van sewe korrektiewe skole in vier verskillende provinsies in Suid-Afrika gebruik. Etiese oorwegings word gevolg, dit sluit in hoe om die beste toegang tot die skole vir korrektiewe, ondertekende vorms van toestemming, anonimiteit en vertroulikheid te beding. Die bevindings van die studie het onvoldoende ondersteuningstrukture en uitdagings ontdek wat die welstand van jong leerders bedreig. Dit is egter aan die lig gebring dat onderwysers moeite doen om die welstand van die jeugoortreders in die korrektiewe skole te ondersteun. Daarteenoor is daar leemtes in terme van beleid, toerie en praktyk oor hoe hulle jong leerders effektief kan ondersteun. Die grooste struikelblok is dat onderwysers opgelei word om in hoofstroomskole onderrig te gee, nie die omgewing van gevangenisstraf nie. Die studie beveel aan dat onderwysers, LSA, PT en veiligheidsbeampte opgelei word in die identifisering van intellektuelle, fisieke, sosiale, emosionele, geestelike en loopbaanuitdagings van jong leerders en om hulle aan te spreek ten einde hul leer te verbeter en te rehabiliteer. Die DKD kan dit doen deur samewerking met verskillende belanghebbendes wat kennis en kundigheid het in die dimensies van ses welstand. Daarom het die studie die model genaamd “Collaborative Intervention Support for Wellness raamwerk geformuleer. Dit is ‘n kompromie van vyf strategies ondersteuningstrukture (DKD, en ander regeringsdepartemente, nie- regeringsbelangheggendes LSA, en portuurstudente) wat die onderwysers in die korrektiewe skole moet help om die welstand van die jeugoortreder te help en te verbeter.
Psychology
D. Phil (Psychology)