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1
Pang, Ricky W. F., and Abul F. M. Shamsuddin. "Board leadership structure and performance of Chinese firms in Singapore." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c6p1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examine the effects of board leadership structure on the performance of Chinese firms listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Using a sample of 105 firms covering 2009 to 2011, we find that CEO duality positively affects firm performance that can largely be explained by stewardship theory. There is also support for contingency theory as the CEO duality-firm performance relationship depends on whether Chinese firms are incorporated in Singapore or otherwise. This study offers insights for corporate regulators to soften their stance on the monitoring clauses concerning CEO duality. Major stakeholders in Singapore-based Chinese firms may need to bring some balance to board independence, board size, and the nomination process, particularly where CEO duality improves firm performance.
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Doyle, Barry M. "The structure of elite power in the early twentieth-century city: Norwich, 1900–35." Urban History 24, no. 2 (August 1997): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800016382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThrough a study of middle-class power in Norwich in the first third of the twentieth century, this paper tests a number of hypotheses concerning the behaviour of British urban elites. Analysis of networks (freemasons, business organizations and family) assesses the level of social unification among the middle class; elite involvement in chapel, charities and voluntary organizations addresses the question of social leadership; whilst elite politics is considered through three questions: did they become unified behind a single anti-socialist stance? Did the more important members of the elite leave urban politics? And did they abandon faith in grand civic projects? Its conclusions suggest that the power and involvement of the elite continued into the 1930s, maintaining a positive approach to the scope and function of municipal authority.
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Wallach, Tracy. "What do participants learn at Group Relations conferences? A report on a conference series on the theme of authority, power, and justice." Organisational and Social Dynamics 19, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v19n1.2019.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reports findings from evaluation research conducted from three conferences in the Authority, Power, and Justice: Leadership for Change series, convened annually from 2014 to 2016 at Boston College. The conferences have had similar structures and themes, with some slight variations. The highly diversified staff and membership has highlighted the themes of social identity, power, and justice in the conferences. Findings were consistent with prior research that participants do indeed learn at conferences. For both experienced and inexperienced conference members, the process of learning and meaning making is complex, relational, and evolves over time beyond the conference boundaries, and is idiosyncratic and variable. Learning can also occur at a steep cost. Recommendations are offered for enhancing learning and mitigating some of the factors that may interfere with learning. Suggestions involve re-thinking our notions of conference boundaries and the consulting stance, better integration of conference themes into conference structure, and integration of evaluation processes into conferences.
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Wallach, Tracy. "What do participants learn at Group Relations conferences? A report on a conference series on the theme of authority, power, and justice." Organisational and Social Dynamics 19, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v19n1.2019.61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article reports findings from evaluation research conducted from three conferences in the Authority, Power, and Justice: Leadership for Change series, convened annually from 2014 to 2016 at Boston College. The conferences have had similar structures and themes, with some slight variations. The highly diversified staff and membership has highlighted the themes of social identity, power, and justice in the conferences. Findings were consistent with prior research that participants do indeed learn at conferences. For both experienced and inexperienced conference members, the process of learning and meaning making is complex, relational, and evolves over time beyond the conference boundaries, and is idiosyncratic and variable. Learning can also occur at a steep cost. Recommendations are offered for enhancing learning and mitigating some of the factors that may interfere with learning. Suggestions involve re-thinking our notions of conference boundaries and the consulting stance, better integration of conference themes into conference structure, and integration of evaluation processes into conferences.
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Nelson, Tamara Holmlund, David Slavit, Mart Perkins, and Tom Hathorn. "A Culture of Collaborative Inquiry: Learning to Develop and Support Professional Learning Communities." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 110, no. 6 (June 2008): 1269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810811000601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background/Context The type of professional development provided for teachers has been undergoing change from a one-time workshop approach to a more embedded, long-term, reflective, and collaborative structure. Although findings on the impact of new forms of professional development (PD) are beginning to emerge in the literature, there is little research on the professional development of those who design and support these PD efforts. Purpose/Focus of Study To better understand how to support secondary teachers’ engagement in collaborative inquiry, a group of 12 professional development providers deliberately set out to use the same processes and structures in their development and implementation of a PD model. This research examines what this group learned about fostering and sustaining a culture of collaborative inquiry and considers how this can inform PD providers’ support of teachers’ engagement in a collaborative inquiry cycle. Research Design A narrative case study design was used to examine the evolution of the professional development group from its inception in March 2004 through December 2005, halfway through the project's duration. The particular timeframe was targeted to explore the developmental phase of the group and critical decisions that shaped the group structure and direction. Data Collection and Analysis Traditional qualitative data sources were collected and analyzed in the construction of the narrative, including interviews with the professional developers, archived documents, and video and audio recordings of meetings. Conclusions/Recommendations The PD group's focus on how to foster and sustain a culture of collaborative inquiry provides insights into the structures and processes that support this kind of collaborative endeavor. Assuming an inquiry stance toward the work was challenged by the ongoing business of implementing a large-scale project and the demands of people's other work in school districts and universities. Difficulties related to communication between and during meetings also occurred. An explicit reliance on collaborative norms and explicitly using processes such as dialogue structured by protocols, distributing leadership responsibilities, and co-constructing an inquiry focus based on data analysis helped the group develop and maintain an inquiry stance. These findings inform the support of teachers undertaking collaborative inquiry for professional growth.
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Paul, Kolawole Oladotun. "Foot Washing as a Tool Sustaining the Nigerian Church." International Education Studies and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): p49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/iess.v2n1p49.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Church is a popularly known part of the human society. The genesis was from the divine understanding of a few men and women during and after the ascension of Jesus Christ. The Church gradually grew into a great body of people of living faith. The significant impact of the Church in the human society over the years cannot be denied. The factual stance is challenging in the recent time due to the concurrent happenings of ineffectual activities perpetuated by so called ‘Christians’. While this observation is about the Church in general, the periscope of this article is the Nigerian Church. In Acts 11:26, the disciples were referred first to as Christians because the unbelievers could see the Christ-like image. The effectual movement of the Church has often been geared by Church leadership from the time of Jesus Christ. The biblical framework of this paper is John 13:1-17, where the foot washing concept is explored. With the activity of Jesus and His disciples; this paper depicts several applicable lessons for the sustenance of the Nigerian Church. Cardinal among the lessons is the concept of servant leadership, love and fellowship. A clear emphasis is laid on leadership in the Nigerian Church. Jesus gave a redefinition of this integral structure having equality and equity, though with regard to authority. Above all, the acknowledgement of Christ should be re-entrenched in the Nigerian Church, such that, the place of God remained usurped and His glory shared with no man!
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Koca, Burcu Togral. "New Social Movements: “Refugees Welcome UK”." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study addresses the dynamics of new social movements with a special emphasis on the “Refugees Welcome UK” in the light of the Syrian refugee crisis. Since March 2011, over four millions of people have fled civil war in Syria and sought refuge mainly in neighbouring countries, such as Turkey, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon. However, precarious living circumstances and uncertain legal status in these countries have forced hundreds of thousands of Syrians to head for Europe in quest for a better life. The European countries, on the other hand, have adopted restrictive approaches towards Syrian refugees. Among these European countries, the UK has been the most criticized one because of its indifference to the plight of Syrian refugees. Under the leadership of David Cameron, the UK has taken a restrictive stance on accepting Syrian refugees and resisted any solution attempts at the EU level. Contrary to this anti-refugee approach at the state level, there emerged social movements in support of refugees throughout the UK. The most prominent one is the “Refugees Welcome” movement engaging in various strategies, ranging from seeking donation to raising public awareness. Building upon the insights of “New Social Movements” paradigm and using documentary analysis, this article explores the dynamics of this movement, its demands and objectives, social base, organizational structure, mobilization strategies and medium of action and social location. The article seeks to contribute both to the literature on social movements and to the current debate on refugees.
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Balodi, Krishna Chandra. "Configurations and entrepreneurial orientation of young firms." Management Decision 54, no. 4 (May 16, 2016): 1004–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2015-0145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – Extant literature highlights the inadequacy of using just four domains – leadership, strategy, structure, and environment – for identifying firms’ configurations. The purpose of this paper is to answer the questions – what firm-level and external elements should be used to identify young firms’ configurations? Which among these is the core element? Design/methodology/approach – This paper relies on literatures on configuration approach and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) to build the assertions concerning the issue of theoretical specification used for generating young firms’ configurations, and its core element. Crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis (CS-QCA) of the data collected from 70 young firms supports the arguments. Various robustness analyses reaffirm these assertions. Findings – Literature review reveals that EO represents a firm’s decision-making proclivity concerning new entry and proactive risk-taking. CS-QCA supports the assertions that: inclusion of EO improves the configurational explanation of young firms’ performance; EO is the core element of young firms’ configurations; and market orientation or social capital cannot substitute EO in configurational studies of young firms’ performance. CS-QCA serves as a tool to support an alternative theoretical stance that questions the adequacy of extant domains used to identify configurations. Originality/value – This paper theorizes for inclusion of EO as an additional domain for identifying young firms’ configurations, and exploits novel capability of set theoretic methods of CS-QCA to explore the issues of model specification and conjunctural causation, and ascertain the core element of configurations.
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van Stralen, Daved, Sean McKay, and Thomas Mercer. "Pragmatic Leadership Practices in Dangerous Contexts: High-Reliability Organizations (HRO) for Pandemic COVID-19." Neonatology Today 15, no. 8 (August 20, 2020): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51362/neonatology.today/20208158109117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The threat of COVID-19 to professionals has become personal. Professionals in neonatal healthcare can acquire infection and unknowingly become a vector, infecting babies, and their colleagues. A pragmatic stance of leadership, derived from leadership in extremis, communicates to subordinates that leaders have their immediate well-being in mind while engaging in demanding situations. Effective leadership for ill-structured problems embedded in the environment has distinct characteristics such as modeling cognitive and affective skills (attitudes and the contingent value of information) and the ability to modulate emotional states. Pragmatic leaders effectively increase subordinates' collective stress capacity for, and leverage individual capabilities during, in extremis circumstances. This paper describes pragmatic leadership characteristics and practices derived from experience, primary sciences, and High Reliability Organizations (HRO).
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Wang, Lan, Jian Han, Colin M. Fisher, and Yan Pan. "Learning to Share." Small Group Research 48, no. 2 (January 22, 2017): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496417690027.
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Using data from 310 executive MBA students in 66 teams on a business simulation project, we explored (a) how shared leadership and team learning behaviors influence each other over time in self-managed teams, and (b) how the stability of the leadership network structure (i.e., network churn) is associated with team learning behaviors. We found that shared leadership stimulated team learning behaviors in a manner consistent with previous research at the early stages of teams’ work together, but not at the middle and later stages of the task. We also found that teams that engaged in more learning behaviors early in the task were more likely to keep their leadership network structure stable. This stability was positively associated with team learning behaviors at the midpoint and end of the task. We use these findings to elaborate theory on how leadership and learning in self-managed teams develop, change, and influence each other over time.
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Smith, Wendy K., and Marya L. Besharov. "Bowing before Dual Gods: How Structured Flexibility Sustains Organizational Hybridity." Administrative Science Quarterly 64, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839217750826.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organizations increasingly grapple with hybridity—the combination of identities, forms, logics, or other core elements that would conventionally not go together. Drawing on in-depth longitudinal data from the first ten years of a successful social enterprise—Digital Divide Data, founded in Cambodia—we induce an empirically grounded model of sustaining hybridity over time through structured flexibility: the interaction of stable organizational features and adaptive enactment processes. We identify two stable features—paradoxical frames, involving leaders’ cognitive understandings of the two sides of a hybrid as both contradictory and interdependent, and guardrails, consisting of formal structures, leadership expertise, and stakeholder relationships associated with each side—that together facilitate ongoing adaptation in the meanings and practices of dual elements, sustaining both elements over time. Our structured flexibility model reorients research away from focusing on either stable or adaptive approaches to sustaining hybridity toward understanding their interaction, with implications for scholarship on hybridity, duality, and adaptation more broadly.
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Cook, Alexandra (Sasha), Bertolt Meyer, Christine Gockel, and Alexander Zill. "Adapting Leadership Perceptions Across Tasks: Micro-Origins of Informal Leadership Transitions." Small Group Research 50, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 227–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496418810437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relational theories of leadership emphasize the relevance of dynamic changes of informal leadership structures in teams, especially when teams are confronted with new tasks. In this study, we examine how leadership perceptions change in a new task and focus on two potential moderators: interpersonal contact and perceived change in competence allocation. We confronted existing student teams with a new and nonroutine task in the laboratory, during which we assessed team members’ interpersonal face-to-face contact via infrared using wearable sensors. We conducted multilevel analyses focusing on leadership perceptions on the relational level as outcome. Results show that leadership perceptions were relatively stable across tasks. However, team members changed these leadership perceptions more if they had more interpersonal contact with others and if they perceived a shift in competence relations. We discuss theoretical implications regarding informal and shared leadership research and practical implications regarding leadership development, as well as team diagnostics and interventions.
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Jarvis, Adrian Paul, and Pradip Kumar Mishra. "Leadership and higher education fundraising: Perspectives from Malaysia." Management in Education 34, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020619887186.
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Funds raised from philanthropic giving have become a key element in the long-term finances of higher education institutions around the world, presenting leaders, primarily principals, with a range of novel challenges that have not, hitherto, been key drivers of leadership. This article explores the problem by reporting on qualitative research that looked at how fundraising is carried out in the Malaysian higher education system, which has recently experienced profound changes to its financial landscape. Data were generated by semi-structured interviews with fundraisers from a range of higher education settings. It was found that for fundraising efforts to succeed, they must be spearheaded by an active principal who adopts the stance of transformational leader towards potential donors, forming a long-term relationship based on a shared vision. He or she is likely to be supported by a fundraising team that will be more transactional in approach and style.
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Schulte, Norbert, and Hans Klingel. "Herd Structure, Leadership, Dominance and Site Attachment of the Camel, Camelus Dromedarius." Behaviour 118, no. 1-2 (1991): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853991x00229.
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AbstractSocial structure and relationships in a herd of captive camels were studied in Kenya. During day and night the herd split up irrespective of kinship. Partner preferences existed only in those camels who had previously been kept in a small group separated from the herd. Dominance relationships are anonymous with four levels: a) dominant breeding bulls, b) females and bachelors, c) subadults, and d) calves. No stable leadership was observed, but individual preferences in the walking order existed when the camels left and entered the enclosure. During the night most camels showed an amazing attachment to a particular resting site; in a new boma they used corresponding sites. During moon nights activity was greatly increased.
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Freeman, Robin, Richard Mann, Tim Guilford, and Dora Biro. "Group decisions and individual differences: route fidelity predicts flight leadership in homing pigeons ( Columba livia )." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (September 2010): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How social-living animals make collective decisions is currently the subject of intense scientific interest, with increasing focus on the role of individual variation within the group. Previously, we demonstrated that during paired flight in homing pigeons, a fully transitive leadership hierarchy emerges as birds are forced to choose between their own and their partner's habitual routes. This stable hierarchy suggests a role for individual differences mediating leadership decisions within homing pigeon pairs. What these differences are, however, has remained elusive. Using novel quantitative techniques to analyse habitual route structure, we show here that leadership can be predicted from prior route-following fidelity. Birds that are more faithful to their own route when homing alone are more likely to emerge as leaders when homing socially. We discuss how this fidelity may relate to the leadership phenomenon, and propose that leadership may emerge from the interplay between individual route confidence and the dynamics of paired flight.
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Humphreys, John H., Milorad M. Novicevic, Mario Hayek, Jane Whitney Gibson, Stephanie S. Pane Haden, and Wallace A. Williams, Jr. "Disharmony in New Harmony: insights from the narcissistic leadership of Robert Owen." Journal of Management History 22, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-05-2015-0167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to narratively explore the influence of leader narcissism on leader/follower social exchange. Moreover, while researchers acknowledge that narcissistic personality is a dimensional construct, the preponderance of extant literature approaches the concept of narcissistic leadership categorically by focusing on the reactive or constructive narcissistic extremes. This bimodal emphasis ignores self-deceptive forms of narcissistic leadership, where vision orientation and communication could differ from leaders with more reactive or constructive narcissistic personalities. Design/methodology/approach The authors argue that they encountered a compelling example of a communal, self-deceiving narcissist during archival research of Robert Owen’s collective experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. To explore Owen’s narcissistic leadership, they utilize an analytically structured history approach to interpret his leadership, as he conveyed his vision of social reform in America. Findings Approaching data from a ‘history to theory’ perspective and via a communicative lens, the authors use insights from their abductive analysis to advance a cross-paradigm, communication-centered process model of narcissistic leadership that accounts for the full dimensional nature of leader narcissism and the relational aspects of narcissistic leadership. Research limitations/implications Scholars maintaining a positivist stance might consider this method a limitation, as historical case-based research places greater emphasis on reflexivity than replication. However, from a constructionist perspective, a focus on generalization might be considered inappropriate or premature, potentially hampering the revelation of insights. Originality/value Through a multi-paradigmatic analysis of the historical case of Robert Owen and his visionary communal experiment at New Harmony, the authors contribute to the extant literature by elaborating a comprehensive, dimensional and relational process framework of narcissistic leadership. In doing so, the authors have heeded calls to better delineate leader narcissism, embrace process and relational aspects of leadership and consider leader communication as constitutive of leadership.
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Gilbert, Stephanie, Patrick Horsman, and E. Kevin Kelloway. "The motivation for transformational leadership scale." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 37, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 158–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-05-2014-0086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the question of what motivates leaders to engage in effective leadership behaviours by integrating transformational leadership theory and self-determination theory. The authors propose that the type of enacted leadership behaviour is related to level of self-determined motivation. Design/methodology/approach – This study presents validity evidence for an 18-item scale of motivation for transformational leadership based on Gagné and Deci’s (2005) six levels of internalization. A total of 310 employees (mean age=39, 64.5 per cent female, 46 per cent formal leaders) completed the scale, other measures of leadership, and job satisfaction. Findings – Results supported the theorized six-factor structure of the scale and provided evidence for incremental validity in the prediction of job satisfaction and transformational leadership above and beyond another measure of motivation to lead. Research limitations/implications – The lack of amotivation and the presence of autonomously controlled extrinsic motivation are predictive of effective leadership behaviour, a key finding with implications for leadership selection. The study was limited by the use of self-report data. Future studies should examine additional predictors and outcomes of the construct (e.g. subordinate attitudes or performance and leader personality), and whether it is stable over time. Originality/value – Leaders’ motivation for role effectiveness is an unexplored area of research. This study suggests that type of motivation can be important for effective leadership and provides a validated scale for use in future leadership research and selection.
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Gani, Lindawati, and Johnny Jermias. "Performance Implications of Environment-Strategy-Governance Misfit." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5541.
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This study examines the impacts of matching competitive environment, business strategy, and corporate governance structure on firm performance. We predict that in a dynamic environment, firms pursuing a product differentiation strategy will perform better than firms pursuing a strategy of cost leadership, but the performance differential is affected by the level of board independence and managerial share ownership. In a stable environment, we predict that firms pursuing a strategy of cost leadership will perform better than firms pursuing a product differentiation strategy, and the performance differential is affected by the level of board independence and managerial share ownership. Overall, the results are consistent with the predictions of this study. Board independence and managerial ownership affect the performance differential between product differentiators and cost leaders in a dynamic environment. In a stable environment, however, the results are not statistically significant.
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Johannessen, Terese, Eline Ree, Ingunn Aase, Roland Bal, and Siri Wiig. "Exploring managers’ response to a quality and safety leadership intervention: findings from a multiple case study in Norwegian nursing homes and homecare services." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (August 2021): e001494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundImprovement interventions would be easier to treat if they were stable and uninfluenced by their environment, but in practice, contextual factors may create difficulties in implementing and sustaining changes. Managers of healthcare organisations play an important role in quality and safety improvement. We need more research in the nursing home and homecare settings to support managers in their quality and safety improvement work. The aim of this study was to explore managers’ response to a leadership intervention on quality and safety improvement.MethodsThis study reports findings from the SAFE-LEAD intervention undertaken from April 2018 to March 2019. The research design was a multiple case study of two nursing homes and two homecare services in four municipalities in Norway. We used a combination of qualitative methods including interviews, workshops, observations, site visits and document analysis in our data collection that took place over a 1-year period.ResultsManagement continuity was key for the implementation process of the quality and safety leadership intervention. In the units where stable management teams were in place, the intervention was more rooted in the units, and changes in quality and safety practice occurred. The intervention served as an arena for managers to work with quality and safety improvement. We found that the workshops and use of the leadership guide contributed to a common understanding and commitment to quality and safety improvement among the managers.ConclusionsThis is a longitudinal study of managers’ response to a leadership intervention targeted to improve quality and safety work in nursing home and homecare settings. Our research demonstrates how the mechanisms of stable management and established structures are crucial for quality and safety improvement activities. Management continuity is key for participating in interventions and for using the leadership guide in quality and safety work.
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MacPhee, Marybeth, Suzanne Heurtin-Roberts, and Chris Foster. "Traveling the Uncharted Path of Leadership in Federal Anthropology." Practicing Anthropology 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.27.3.k85071t804k7h844.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For those of us who have fantasized over the years that the world would be a better place if anthropologists had a voice in government, there is good news and bad news. The good news is that applied anthropologists working in government settings have succeeded in raising awareness of, and respect for, anthropological ideas beyond the classroom. The bad news is that anthropologists face a long road ahead before the field is ready to exercise this newfound agency in leading the direction of research and policy on social problems. Our recent work on health disparities found that the obstacles we encountered were rooted in the habits of practicing anthropology rather than in any oppressive force of bureaucracy or hierarchy of professional knowledge underlying the structure of the government work context. Anthropology is most comfortable on the margins of both community and debate. Our methods and ethics prioritize the values and desires of the communities with which we work above our own bias; our theories and analyses produce holistic perspectives and cultural criticism rather than definitive stances. Although the position of informed outsider has its advantages in the contexts of anthropological research, it has proven to interfere with our work in the community of the federal government.
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Ulrich, Zachary P. "A Role for Ombuds in Embedded Corporate Social Responsibility Processes?" Industrial and Organizational Psychology 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iops.12067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
My purpose here is to suggest that the often-overlooked organizational ombudsman (OO) role can and should become an influential component of embedded corporate social responsibility (CSR) processes as defined by Aguinis and Glavas (2013). An OO is an employee who works with individuals and groups to help resolve conflicts inside or outside of an organization and who brings systemic concerns to the attention of organizational leadership (Howard, 2010). An OO does this while maintaining the confidentiality of office visitors, operating from a stance of neutrality and impartiality, remaining independent of formal organizational structures, and not adjudicating disputes or otherwise making policy recommendations regarding conflicts (International Ombudsman Association, 2013; Ziegenfuss & O'Rourke, 2011).
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Foster, Jason. "Accidental Revitalization? Looking at the Complex Realities of Union Renewal." Labor Studies Journal 42, no. 4 (December 2017): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x17734314.
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This article outlines a union renewal case study with unexpected circumstances. It examines a local that underwent significant renewal in a context where renewal would normally not be expected. It did so by significantly altering its practices while retaining a stable leadership and highly centralized structure. This unexpected renewal is explained through the application of a referential unionisms framework. The article coins the term accidental revitalization to describe the case, arguing the intentionality for reform lies not in design, policy, or upheaval, but instead in an extension of logics constructed through narrative resources mobilization.
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Sobisevich, A. L., L. E. Sobisevich, and D. V. Likhodeev. "Seismogravitational processes accompanying the evolution of seismic focal structures in the lithosphere." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2020-11-1-0462.
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Observations reflecting the structure and conditions of the seismogravitational process in the lithosphere were analyzed using the data on the catastrophic tsunamigenic earthquake of Maule (Chile) [Sobisevich et al., 2019]. Seismogravitational processes were first identified by a group of Soviet scientists from the city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) under the leadership of Professor E.M. Linkov [Linkov et al., 1982, 1990]. The study of these processes continues at the North Caucasus Geophysical Observatory of IPE RAS, which was established in 2004. Experiments are carried out using unique quartz tiltmeters designed by D.G. Gridnev, which ensure the stable registration of long–period seismogravitational processes on the scale of the Earth [Sobisevich, 2013; Sobisevich et al., 2017].
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Burns, John P., Li Wei, and B. Guy Peters. "Changing governance structures and the evolution of Public Service Bargains in Hong Kong." International Review of Administrative Sciences 79, no. 1 (March 2013): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852312467614.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The perspective of Public Service Bargains has been used to analyze the relationships between politicians and senior civil servants based on the premise of stable expectations about the roles of both parties. Changing governance arrangements and leadership changes, however, may destabilize and increase ambiguity about these expectations. Hong Kong provides a case of changing governance arrangements that has destabilized the roles of senior civil servants, providing them with new opportunities to slide back and forth between administrative and political roles. We discuss the case of Hong Kong, analyzing the move from a colonial trustee-type bargain to an agency-type bargain. The case study provides new insights into the applicability of the PSB concept in conditions of changing governance arrangements and unstable political and administrative roles. Points for practitioners The roles of politicians and civil servants may be less stable than is sometimes assumed. Changing governance structures may also upset these relationships, leading to contests for power and instability.
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Lalleman, Pieterbas, Joanne Bouma, Gerhard Smid, Jananee Rasiah, and Marieke Schuurmans. "Peer-to-peer shadowing as a technique for the development of nurse middle managers clinical leadership." Leadership in Health Services 30, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-12-2016-0065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and impact of peer-to-peer shadowing as a technique to develop nurse middle managers’ clinical leadership practices. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to gain insight into the experiences of nurse middle managers using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed into codes using constant comparison and similar codes were grouped under sub-themes and then into four broader themes. Findings Peer-to-peer shadowing facilitates collective reflection-in-action and enhances an “investigate stance” while acting. Nurse middle managers begin to curb the caring disposition that unreflectively urges them to act, to answer the call for help in the here and now, focus on ad hoc “doings”, and make quick judgements. Seeing a shadowee act produces, via a process of social comparison, a behavioural repertoire of postponing reactions and refraining from judging. Balancing the act of stepping in and doing something or just observing as well as giving or withholding feedback are important practices that are difficult to develop. Originality/value Peer-to-peer shadowing facilitates curbing the caring disposition, which is essential for clinical leadership development through unlocking a behavioural repertoire that is not easy to reveal because it is, unreflectively, closely knit to the professional background of the nurse managers. Unlike most leadership development programmes, that are quite introspective and detached from context, peer-to-peer shadowing does have the potential to promote collective learning while acting, which is an important process.
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Taufik, Asep Muhamad, Fandi Gunawan, Jodi Setiyawan, Basic Dirgantara B.A.P, and Muhammad Rifki Shihab. "Organizational Dynamics in Shared IT Leadership at Coal Mining Industry: A Case Study." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 5, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.5.1.426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mining industry has faced intense challenges and disruptions from global trends. The mining industry needs to perform a transformation to survive. The important thing for mining companies in technological adoption is digital transformation. XYZ is a holding company with many subsidiaries with primary businesses in the coal mining sector spread throughout Indonesia. As part of digital transformation, one of the company's initiatives is to centralize IT resources into one organization, with the objective can share its utilization with all subsidiaries. IT's centralization and shared services caused problems, such as human resources in different company ownership, budget allocation among companies, and the structure of financing and utilization of IT resources for use. The problem was solved by mapping all the components' IT roles at the company based on the framework created by Applegate, Austin, and Soule. Mapping the role of IT in this company can be used as a guideline to make organizational change. Organizational changes that need to be done base on analysis is to change the structure of the organization of IT into a bimodal model, its combination between the Functional-Lean model and Matrix-Agile model. The Functional-Lean model provides organizations as a function to keep lean but can deliver high standard services and keep it stable. The Matrix-Agile model can provide agility for the organization to develop new and run projects. IT Governance at XYZ will use the Federal model.
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Hidayat, Daman Rasman Syarif. "The Influence of Principal's Leadership Style on Educator Performance." ENDLESS : International Journal of Future Studies 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/endless.v3i2.70.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Education in Indonesia plays a significant role in nation-building, especially human development. Complete human development cannot be separated from the participation of the community and various institutions in the field of education. The approach used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The data and data sources in this study were obtained from interviews with informants and other data in archival documentation that supports the primary data. Data collection techniques in this study used non-participant open observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation studies. This qualitative data analysis technique was carried out interactively. Activities in data analysis in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and the last is the conclusion. From this study, it can be seen that the principal at Taruna Bangsa High School Jakarta shows considerate behavior, one of which is by lending a helmet, being open and not covering up about the principal's activities, always having fun/cheerful, firm in acting, being disciplined by complying with the policies that have been made. And a commitment not to violate and accept the consequences if a violation is committed, prudent with not easily influenced by the environment and not easily angered, which shows the principal has stable emotions; b) Delegation of tasks given by the principal at Taruna Bangsa High School Jakarta is carried out fairly and provides prior direction regarding the clarity of jobs and how studies must be carried out to teachers/educational staff who are given the task.
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Bolívar, Antonio. "Marco español para la dirección escolar e identidad profesional: Contexto, desarrollo e implicaciones." education policy analysis archives 27 (September 23, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4544.
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The context of school leadership in Spain (low stability, professional identity, lack of pedagogical leadership) is described, as well as the reasons that led to the directors themselves, grouped by the Federations of their regional Associations (FEDADi, FEDEIP, FEAE), to considerer it necessary to develop a “Spanish Framework for Good School Principalship” (MEBD) in the last two years (2016-2018). But, beyond this, along with other factors, we want to highlight the context to which the Framework responds and the functions it can play to enhance the pedagogical leadership of school administration. From a comparative and global perspective, the relationships between the Spanish Framework and other Ibero-American (Chile and Peru) and Anglo-Saxon frameworks are described, as well as the structure and content of the Spanish Framework itself. The meaning and functionality that the MEBD can represent to visualize a professional identity of the school management is analyzed, while demanding professionalism, as a specific practice that must be carried out in accordance with the competences and standards specified by the MEBD. Beyond changing regulations, at the discretion of political decisions, the MEBD aspires to be configured as a stable reference, as internal regulation of the profession, in the manner of deontological codes of good practices. In its implications, this Framework requires and demands, in parallel, structural conditions (resources, autonomy, professionalization) so that a good principalship would be possible. At the same time, it aims to guide the processes of selection, training (initial and permanent), evaluation of the principalship and its recognition.
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Balashova, Maria, Anastasiia Trufanova, and Matvey Troshkin. "On the Reasons of Chinas Stable Economic Development in the XX - XXI Centuries." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(4).223-231.
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As is well known, the global economy is a flexible system of relationships between its key actors, and it is directly subject to the constant impact of both internal and external factors. Among the latter are the processes of globalization, integration, liberalization, transnationalization and others. They fundamentally change the rules of organization and conduct of international economic relations. Those countries that were able to duly assess the scale of imminent changes and flexibly respond to them by adjusting national macroeconomic policies were able to take leading positions in the structure of the modern world order. A striking example of such a state is China, which, despite its catching-up type of development, has reached the level of developed countries in a number of indicators and has become one of the significant poles in the structure of the modern world order. The study conducted by the authors of the article showed that the PRC managed to achieve such a result due to the competent reforms initiated in the 1970s by Deng Xiaoping and still ongoing taking into account best world practices. The country’s leadership’s choice of the IT sector as a flagship for further progressive development of the country’s economy has already brought China significant benefits of a strategic nature.
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Garcia-Garcia, Fran J., Evelyn E. Moctezuma-Ramírez, Cristian Molla-Esparza, and Inmaculada López-Francés. "Estrategias basadas en análisis de redes sociales para optimizar el clima de aprendizaje en la universidad." Research in Education and Learning Innovation Archives, no. 27 (July 15, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/realia.27.18960.
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The aim of this study was to detect leaders among a group of university students based on their centrality scores and, from these scores, to distribute roles to help enhance learning climate. We understood that learning climate improved when the construction of networked knowledge was stimulated from the perspective of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. We conducted the educational experiment in a virtual environment. An online discussion forum was set up in a loo- sely structured format, and the students’ centrality scores were calculated from the social network they generated in the forum. Our findings show that student connectivity increased significantly and that several leadership styles were detected. Based on these leadership styles we designed strategies for optimizing learning climate in a self-regulated and stable way. Based on the type of centrality, we detected leaders in terms of their popularity, sociability, closeness to others, control of information flowing through the network, and influence. The novelty of this study resides in the incipient production of educational technology based on Social Network Analysis and, specifically, on the design of centrality-based strategies for optimizing climate in the university classroom.
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J Parson, Laura, Jacob P Gross, and Alexander Williams. "The Language of Retrenchment: A Discourse Analysis of Budget Cutting in Higher Education." Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education 4 (2019): 033–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4365.
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Aim/Purpose: Using discourse analysis, this study analyzed language used at universities undergoing budget cuts. Background: In times of economic hardship and declining public support, institutions can generate more revenue or reduce expenditures, referred to as retrenchment, to meet their resource needs. Yet, scholarship on organizational approaches to retrenchment is scarce. Methodology: Using critical discourse analysis, this study analyzed public communication from university leadership to employees about budget cuts. To understand how institutionalized structures were negotiated, reinforced, and constructed through language we looked for linguistic patterns in the use of pronouns, affective and epistemic stance, and nominalization in institutional emails. Contribution: As educational scholarship on institutional budget cutting behaviors remains almost nonexistent, this study extended understanding of budget cutting behaviors by exploring how university presidents frame budget cuts as a serious problem and persuade stakeholders that their solutions will resolve the budget crisis while minimizing personal harm. Findings: Analysis of corpus data suggested that the language used in SRI and URU’s budget emails was tailored to generate support for university leadership’s authority and plans to resolve the crisis. Recommendations for Practitioners: Through the lens of poststructuralist thought, findings suggest there is room for electronic communication about budget crises and resolution to be clearer about the organization of power and the location of financial decision-making. Recommendation for Researchers: The existing body of knowledge on the language used in retrenchment decision-making is small and triangulation with the literature confirmed findings on a larger scale, more research is needed. Impact on Society: If institutions are seeking transparency, they should use language that clearly communicates the nature of the problem, defines which individuals/groups are creating the plan to return to fiscal stability, and, when decisions are made, outlines the specific details of the plans that include who it will impact and how. Future Research: While much of the research has focused on the impact of retrenchment on institutional and student outcomes, these findings suggest that future research should also explore the impact of retrenchment decision-making on faculty and staff outcomes like morale, sense of belonging, and retention and recruitment.
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Eriksson, Nomie. "Hospital management from a high reliability organizational change perspective." International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-12-2015-0221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze nurses’ perceptions and evaluations of healthcare developmental work after the introduction of Lean and Six Sigma and, how nurses aspire to maintain a high reliability organization (HRO). Design/methodology/approach Nurses’ roles and the way they respond to new efficiency and quality working methods are crucial. Underlying themes were analyzed from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with (n=17) nurses at two Swedish hospitals. Findings The nurses perceived that Lean worked better than Six Sigma, because of its bottom-up approach, and its similarities with nurses’ well-known work qualities. Nurses coordinate patients care, collaborate in teams and take leadership roles. To maintain high reliability and to become quality developers, nurses need stable resources. However, professional’s logic collides with management’s logic. Expert knowledge (top-down approach) without nurses’ local knowledge (bottom-up approach) can lead to problems. Healthcare quality methods are standardized but must be used with flexibility. However, HROs ensue not only from method quality but also from work attitudes, commitment and continuous work-improvement. Practical implications Management can support personnel in developmental work with: continuous education, training, teamwork, knowledge sharing and cooperation. Authoritarian method structures that limit the healthcare professionals’ autonomy should be softened or abandoned. Originality/value The study uses theoretical concepts from HROs, which were developed for unexpected events, to explain the consequences of implementing Lean and Six Sigma in healthcare.
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Theodore, John. "Absence Of Transformational Leadership In Greek Enterprises Results In The Inability Of Forming Learning Organizations." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i6.7874.
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Transactional leadersemploy transactions in which they use their legitimate reward and coercivepowers to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered. Transformationalleadership makes subordinates aware of the importance of their jobs andperformance to the organization as well as to their own needs for personalgrowth which precipitates motivation for them to work for the good of theorganization. Learning organizations are characterized by total employeeinvolvement in a process that is collaboratively conducted and collectively accountablewithin a planned and meaningful change that is directed toward shared values orprinciples. Traditional organizations exist within stable environments, havevertical structures, and have a strategy that is formulated at the top. Additionally,they have a centralized decision-making process; tasks are rigidly defined andspecialized; the organizational culture is rigid and resistant to change; andthey have formal systems of filtered communication pivoting around the verticalhierarchy. Learning organizations cannot be formed in the Greek privatebusiness sector because the leadership of said sector is not transformational.Greece failed to develop an advanced industrial complex because of the largenumber of small enterprises in the form of proprietorships and partnershipsthat have dominated the economy.Additionally, Greek industry experienced the profound absence of thecorporate form of business that necessitates medium and large businessenterprises for the attainment of effective and efficient factors of productionand economies of scale that precipitate transformational leadership and learningorganizations.
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Matsiyevsky, Yuriy. "Mixed values and societal constraints: why the request for a "strong hand" will not lead to authoritarianism in Ukraine." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, stmm 2019 (4) (2020): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.04.043.
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Given the global rise of illiberalism and Ukraine’s own post-revolutionary turbulence, what are the risks that the war-torn society descends to authoritarianism? In contrast to numerous alerts, I argue that none of the modern forms of authoritarianism is likely in post-Euromaidan Ukraine. There are at least three groups of structural, institutional, and agency based factors that make the emergence of the authoritarian regime in Ukraine highly improbable. These are: poor leadership legitimacy, poor economy performance, regional polarization, weak state repressive capacity, the relative weakness of the ‘party of power’, fragmented elite structure, the growing linkage with the West, semi-presidentialism, institutionalized hybridity (the legacy of being hybrid regime), lack of charismatic leadership, mixed public attitudes and gravity of three (1990, 2004, 2014) waves of anti-authoritarian protest. Theoretically, this article draws on the congruence theory, which posits that the regime is stable in so far as its authority pattern meets people’s authority beliefs. The empirical data from the latest wave of World Values Survey demonstrate that Ukrainians share mixed authority beliefs, as exemplified in liberal and authoritarian notions of democracy. The score of liberal notion of democracy for Ukraine is twice higher than that of authoritarian notion (0.82 to 0.41) and is supported by the growing score of emancipative values. ‘The authoritarian congruence’, therefore is hardly achievable in the post-Euromaidan Ukraine, while any attempt to impose authoritarian rule from above would face the cumulative resistance effect produced by these three groups of factors.
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Umam, Ahmad Khoirul. "Paradoks Demokratisasi dan Liberalisasi Pasar terhadap Gerakan Anti-Korupsi di Negara Berkembang." Global South Review 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28819.
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The package of neoliberal reforms involving three main components namely democratization, market liberalization, and the creation of good governance, has often adopted by a number of developing countries in order to overcome their prolonged political and economic crises. The policies which are often promoted by international donor agencies have been expected to streamline the transformation processes in the developing countries to establish a more powerful, well established and stable countries in economics and politics. However, experiences in developing countries actually showed the opposite trends, where the concept of market structure strengthening and the reduction of state authority in the public sector have often resulted in the widening loopholes and opportunities for more systematic and structured corruption practices.In addition, the democratization agenda has also often facilitated the old groups of interests to get back to control of the reformed political system leading to the symptoms of neo-patrimonialism in the process of democratic transition. The impact of these symptoms is the anti-corruption agenda inclines to become more vulnerable to manipulation, intervention, and political pressures. To eliminate such trends, it needs the presence of strong leadership factor backed up by an established surveillance system in order to encourage the 'rule of law' as the supreme commander in the transformation and democratic transitional processes which are usually haunted by various turbulences. This article completely uses a literature approach by analysing secondary data from books and journals in order to look at the dynamics and theoretical debates on pros and cons of the implementation of neo-liberal policies for developing countries’ anti-corruption agenda.
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Molloy, Lynne, and Linda Ronnie. "Sustaining the life insurance industry in the Fourth Industrial Revolution." South African Actuarial Journal 20, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/saaj.v20i1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) continues to change the ways of doing business across industries, organisations around the world are grappling with the unprecedented challenges imposed by radical and widespread technological change. In the face of this dilemma, the South African life insurance industry has remained remarkably resilient, exhibiting very little adaptation in terms of structural, cultural, or business model innovation. However, the stable environmental conditions that once enabled this position for incumbent organisations are weakening. Transformational change, like that in the adjacent financial services industry, is imminent and adaptation on the part of incumbent insurers will be vital to sustaining relevance. This research examines the organisational beliefs and capabilities of South African insurance companies regarding the 4IR in order to gauge the current challenges within the broader industry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 senior leaders and decisionmakers from across the industry. A qualitative inductive analysis shows the inhibitors and enablers of digital innovation within the organisations. The pervasive lack of trust, agility, and urgency within the sector are cited as inhibitors of digital innovation. Enablers include a continuous learning mindset within the organisation, partnerships within the broader ecosystem, and the role of senior leaders for shaping cultural attitudes and structures. Overall, these findings show a disparity between what insurers know they must do to proactively lead change, enact digital innovation, and remain relevant, and what they are actually executing. Recommendations are provided for addressing this gap.
Keywords: Fourth Industrial Revolution; life insurance; strategy; leadership; agility
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Otten, Sina, and Dorothea Alewell. "Incongruity between Work and Gender Roles: The Effects of Gender Stereotype Deviation on Job SatisfactionDate submitted: May 7, 2018Revised version accepted after double-blind review: August 31, 2019." management revue 31, no. 2 (2020): 206–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2020-2-206.
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We analyze the effects of deviation from gender stereotypes on job satisfaction for male and female employees in general and for employees in leadership positions. Based on social role theory, backlash mechanisms owing to the violation of gender norms and role incongruity theory, we expect that deviating from gender stereotypes negatively affects job satisfaction. We test our hypotheses by hierarchically applying multiple linear regressions to German employee data. Results show a stable negative effect of deviation from gender stereotypes on job satisfaction for women only. Our findings are consistent with recent studies that confirm traditional gender structures on the labor market and expand our knowledge about backlash effects, since they indicate that deviation from gender norms not only affects objective career indicators but also subjective ones. As job satisfaction is a predictor of organizational success, we discuss ways for organizations to reduce the harmful effects of persistent traditional gender stereotypes in workplaces.
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Musa, Siti Fatimahwati Pehin Dato, and Dk Siti Rozaidah Pg Hj Idris. "Addressing Issues of Unemployment in Brunei." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2020040106.
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This study aims to investigate the issue of youth unemployment in Brunei by exploring the occupational aspirations of youth, the expectations of employers towards their employees, and the current policy initiatives of the government. The aspirations of youth were explored by conducting a series of focus groups among youths of different age groups and educational levels. The findings indicated that youths in Brunei preferred jobs that are prestigious, highly paid, stable, and are less likely to take risks. The expectations of employers, on the other hand, entailed a semi-structured interview to assess the employers' expectations for their current and/or prospective employees. The findings revealed that youths lack awareness on important employability skills that are critical for their entrance into and performance into the labour market. A majority of the employers attribute the lack of drive, entrepreneurial spirit, and awareness of the importance of leadership from an early age for employability and a need to strengthen collaborative development amongst the relevant agencies.
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Bauer, Jacqui. "Women and the 2005 election in Liberia." Journal of Modern African Studies 47, no. 2 (May 12, 2009): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09003802.
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ABSTRACTIn 2005, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf defeated George Weah to become President of Liberia and the first woman elected to head an African country. Women voters were widely credited with her victory. This paper quantifies this claim by analysing newspaper content during the election period to gauge civil society group activity. It finds that consistency in their activities may have allowed women's groups to surpass other civil society groups in impacting the election. Activity levels of women's groups remained stable between the election and run-off periods, unlike other major group types whose activity level dropped by between 37% and 70%. It concludes that the environment surrounding the 2005 election was conducive to participation by women because of their existing, latent power in many spheres; their long experience as peacebuilders; the decimation of conventional social and political structures; Liberian women's experience in leadership positions; the failure of multiple male-dominated efforts; and the presence of a well-qualified female candidate.
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Barrie, Christopher, and Neil Ketchley. "OPPORTUNITY WITHOUT ORGANIZATION: LABOR MOBILIZATION IN EGYPT AFTER THE 25TH JANUARY REVOLUTION*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-23-2-181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prevailing understandings of labor protest and strikes take as their focus stable democratic settings where autonomous trade union structures are an established component of the organizational resources available to workers. We extend the analysis of labor mobilization to a radically different context: Egypt in the year of the January 25th Revolution, when workers mobilized en masse in the absence of union leadership. For this, we use a catalogue of 4,912 protest events reported in Arabic-language newspapers. Our findings point to the importance of cross-sectoral demonstration effects in contexts of political disorganization—local and national mobilization advancing both labor and nonlabor demands inspired subsequent labor protest. This speaks to the value of understanding labor protest and strikes not as delimited domains of action but as parts of a wider universe of contentious politics. In addition, state-level signals of opportunity and shifts in economic conditions are also found to pattern the incidence of labor mobilization.
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Coe, Anna-Britt. "Pushing Back and Stretching: Frame Adjustments Among Reproductive Rights Advocates in Peru." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.16.4.05520n11615v7m0l.
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The article examines how two reproductive rights coalitions in Peru adjust their framing by way of regular interactions with other collective actors. Qualitative data were gathered from the coalitions in the regions of Arequipa and Cusco. The findings demonstrate how the coalitions engage in framing practices not only among their members as they select and refine advocacy goals and strategies, but also by means of interaction, communication, and negotiation with a range of organized social and political actors. Through these interactions, coalition members adjust their framing of reproductive rights in response to what they perceive from other actors, taking frames from them and directing frames back to them. These interactions occur within broader political and cultural contexts consisting of stable and variable opportunity structures. Thus, the coalitions' framing practices entail stretching favorable interpretations among allies and neutral actors, while pushing back the boundaries in which the Catholic Church leadership attempts to transmit its own interpretations.
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Lin, Bie-Yu, and Shi-Xiao Wang. "From Catch-Up to Transcend: The Development of Emerging Countries’ Green Economy." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 26, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1481946.
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As domestic concerns on clean economic growth arise, promoting green economy has become an urgent issue for emerging countries that are facing serious environment problems in industrialization. Through international imitation, emerging countries have the opportunity to adopt clean techniques of developed countries. Because of different industrial structures, it is unachievable to learn the green technology across all fields. Previous studies consider that innovations could create green production models to improve the production capacity that reduces energy input and waste discharge. However, while evaluating emerging countries’ economic growth, the environment indicators were often neglected. Empirical investigation of the role of innovation in green economy’s growth is still rare. The first objective of this study is to adopt an integrated framework to investigate emerging countries’ green economy by considering environmental factors. Secondly, environmentally sensitive productivity growth index was employed to decompose the productivity progress of green economy into catch-up effect, innovation effect, and technical leadership to examine the role of innovation. Thirdly, implications were provided for the policy makers in relation to green growth. Thirty-nine emerging countries were chosen as samples, which were divided into America, Asia, and Europe according to their locations. We found that America is still an imitator in developing green economy. In contrast, Asia starts to transition to innovation, which has become another critical promoter for green growth. Europe was found to lead on the technology frontier because of proper industrial planning and technology accumulation. The progress to innovation and technical leadership could ensure a stable green growth in the future. This research could be a route to open up the possibility of extending current study of green economy.
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Fakhrutdinova, Nailia Z. "Mass popular movement “Hirak” in Algeria - a new “Arab Spring”?" Asia and Africa Today, no. 12 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017785-5.
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Serious changes are taking place in socio-political life of Algeria. The mass protest movement "Hirak", which began in 2019, after the country's president announced his decision to run for a fifth term, continues to these days. Despite his resignation, a prompt change of political leadership and elections to a new parliament, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in all cities of Algeria insist on further democratization and genuine modernization of socio-political and socio-economic structures, taking into account the interests and needs of young people. Indeed, more than half of the population of Algeria is under 30 years old, and unemployment among them reaches 24%. A distinctive tendency of the protest movement was the active participation of young people, which, according to the new leadership of the country, is the true real wealth of the state. Analysts note the awakening of collective consciousness in Algeria. Hirak's ability to make quick decisions during a pandemic shows that demonstrations are an instrument of extremely broad public momentum. Certain positive shifts towards changes have taken place - the president, who has been in power for 20 years, has resigned. However, the political situation can hardly be called stable. Including the majority of popular revolutionary protest actions in African countries ended with an immediate deepening of conservatism, the strengthening of traditionalism and the surge of radical Islamism. Probably, only in a fairly long-term perspective we can expect a real modernized stabilization of the socio-political situation, without which progressive economic development and its derivatives: an increase in the standard of living of the population and a decrease in unemployment are unrealizable.
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Hodgkinson, Dan. "POLITICS ON LIBERATION'S FRONTIERS: STUDENT ACTIVIST REFUGEES, INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR ZIMBABWE, 1965–79." Journal of African History 62, no. 1 (March 2021): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000268.
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AbstractDuring Zimbabwe's struggle for national liberation, thousands of black African students fled Rhodesia to universities across the world on refugee scholarship schemes. To these young people, university student activism had historically provided a stable route into political relevance and nationalist leadership. But at foreign universities, many of which were vibrant centres for student mobilisations in the 1960s and 1970s and located far from Zimbabwean liberation movements’ organising structures, student refugees were confronted with the dilemma of what their role and future in the liberation struggle was. Through the concept of the ‘frontier’, this article compares the experiences of student activists at universities in Uganda, West Africa, and the UK as they figured out who they were as political agents. For these refugees, I show how political geography mattered. Campus frontiers could lead young people both to the military fronts of Mozambique and Zambia as well as to the highest circles of government in independent Zimbabwe. As such, campus frontiers were central to the history of Zimbabwe's liberation movements and the development of the postcolonial state.
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Baiardini, Ilaria, Giovanni Paoletti, Alessia Mariani, Luca Malvezzi, Francesca Pirola, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante, et al. "Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life (NPQ): Development and Validation of the First Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To date, no disease-specific tool has been available to assess the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire specifically designed to this aim: the Nasal Polyposis Quality of Life (NPQ) questionnaire. As indicated in the current guidelines, the development and validation of the NPQ occurred in two separate steps involving different groups of patients. The questionnaire was validated by assessing internal structure, consistency, and validity. Responsiveness and sensitivity to changes were also evaluated. In the development process of NPQ an initial list of 40 items was given to 60 patients with CRSwNP; the 27 most significant items were selected and converted into questions. The validation procedure involved 107 patients (mean age 52.9 ± 12.4). NPQ revealed a five-dimensional structure and high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95). Convergent validity (Spearman’ coefficient r = 0.75; p < 0.01), discriminant validity (sensitivity to VAS score), and reliability in a sample of patients with a stable health status (Interclass Coefficient 0.882) were satisfactory. Responsiveness to clinical changes was accomplished. The minimal important difference was 7. NPQ is the first questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in CRSwNP. Our results demonstrate that the new tool is valid, reliable, and sensitive to individual changes.
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Zaidi, Shehla Abbas, Maryam Bigdeli, Etienne V. Langlois, Atif Riaz, David W. Orr, Nasir Idrees, and Jesse B. Bump. "Health systems changes after decentralisation: progress, challenges and dynamics in Pakistan." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 1 (January 2019): e001013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decentralisation is widely practised but its scrutiny tends to focus on structural and authority changes or outcomes. Politics and process of devolution implementation needs to be better understood to evaluate how national governments use the enhanced decision space for bringing improvements in the health system and the underlying challenges faced. We use the example of Pakistan’s radical, politically driven provincial devolution to analyse how national structures use decentralisation opportunities for improved health planning, spending and carrying out transformations to the health system. Our narrative draws on secondary data sources from the PRIMASYS study, supplemented with policy roundtable notes from Pakistan.Our analysis shows that in decentralised Pakistan, health became prioritised for increased government resources and achieved good budgetary use, major strides were made contextualised sector-wide health planning and legislations, and a proliferation seen in governance measures to improve and regulate healthcare delivery. Despite a disadvantaged and abrupt start to devolution, high ownership by politicians and bureaucracy in provincial governments led to resourcing, planning and innovations. However, effective translation remained impeded by weak institutional capacity, feeble federal–provincial coordination and vulnerability to interference by local elites.Building on this illustrative example, we propose (1) political management of decentralisation for effective national coordination, sustaining stable leadership and protecting from political interfere by local elites; (2) investment in stewardship capacity in the devolved structures as well as the central ministry to deliver on new roles.
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Tri Wahyudi, Setyo, Rihana Sofie Nabella, and Kartika Sari. "Measuring the competition and banking efficiency level: a study at four commercial banks in Indonesia." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The banking sector plays a vital role in the economy of each country. Banks are required to operate in a sound, efficient, and reliable manner in order to stimulate economic growth. To achieve that, a basic framework for the Indonesian banking system has been developed, known as the Indonesian Banking Architecture (IBA) aimed at strengthening the structure and enhancing the competitiveness of the banking industry. This study aimed to analyze the level of competition, the ability, and influence of the competition on banks efficiency, so banks can maintain the performance level and provide economic growth. This study used a quantitative approach with a panel regression analysis model. The results have shown that the banking industry in Indonesia tends to be monopolistic. The character of many sellers, differentiated products, sellers freely entering and leaving the market, as well as the presence of advertisement and product quality competitions were examined. Bank competition that leads to a monopolistic market structure stimulated banks to achieve higher profits and put bank projects and financing at high risk. Competition had a negative correlation with bank efficiency because competition encourages banks to focus on profit rather than efficiency, engage in risky financing/projects, and undertake high lending activities. Moreover, four big banks in Indonesia are in the “too big to fail” position. Banking regulators in Indonesia must maintain and produce reliable and stable banks to compete globally. AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank all those who have contributed to the completion of this article, especially the leadership of the Department of Economics and the Faculty of Economics and Business, Brawijaya University, who provided facilitation for publication in reputable international journals.
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Winstead, Jack L., Milorad M. Novicevic, John H. Humphreys, and Ifeoluwa Tobi Popoola. "When the moral tail wags the entrepreneurial dog: the historic case of Trumpet Records." Journal of Management History 22, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-03-2015-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the congruencies and incongruences between the moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities of Lillian McMurry to provide insights for entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. Ms McMurry was the entrepreneurial force behind the founding of Trumpet Records, a unique, Mississippi Delta Blues record label in the 1950s. Design/methodology/approach – The examination of this historical case study is grounded in the theoretical examination of the tensions between Lillian McMurry’s felt moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities. Using an analytical archival historical method, a narrative explanation of how these tensions influenced the success and, ultimately, the failure of Trumpet Records are developed. Findings – The accounting records highlighted a number of issues hampering the commercial profitability of Trumpet Records. Moreover, the archival and documentary sources examined also proved revealing as to conflicts between Ms McMurry’s personal character and mercantile determination as an entrepreneur. Research limitations/implications – The approach of using analytically structured historical narrative as a research strategy is but one method of explaining the tensions between the moral and entrepreneurial accountabilities of Lillian McMurry. Practical implications – The proponents of virtue ethics suggest that this Aristotelian personal character perspective is more fundamental than traditional, act-oriented consequentialist teleological and deontological ethical decision-making approaches. A perspective of moral accountability exceeding the norm of the obstructionist stance is required to maintain a sound balance between entrepreneurial accountability and moral accountability. Originality/value – This paper adopts a mercantile perspective, using the accounting and related business records of Trumpet Records, to examine the leadership characteristics of Lillian McMurry. Practical lessons learned for entrepreneurs facing the moral dilemma of competing accountabilities and advance questions to spur future research in this area are drawn.
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Balashova, Maria, and Irina Tsvigun. "The Role of the Foreign Trade in the Development of Contemporary Supernational Structures in the Age of Globalization 4.0." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).186-196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the age of globalization 4.0, the problem of insufficient preparation of supranational structures for leveling the negative consequences of the integration of information technologies into all spheres of human activity is becoming more acute, which puts on the agenda the question of the real effectiveness of their activities. There is no alternative to establishing and deepening the information type of society in both the medium and long term. International organizations and companies, as well as integration associations, should take into account the relevant changes taking place in the world economy in the organization of their activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of foreign trade in the development of modern supranational structures and to identify among them those which can really cope with the challenges of globalization 4.0. The research methodology was based on the basic principles of synthesis and analysis of data on 35 countries of the world from different continents and with different levels of economic development, which either have maintained stable positions in the level and quality of life of the population over the past decades, or those that have managed to make the transition from a country with a developing economy to a developed one. The authors tried to identify the influence of the foreign trade activities of the member states of supranational structures on the success of their development. The result of the study was the identification of stronger positions of international companies and integration associations that have achieved complex forms of cooperation over international organizations. It is shown that the main way to achieve the appropriate leadership is the activity of their member countries in foreign trade processes in general, and most importantly — in the export of information technologies, in particular. The latter gives the relevant supranational structures unique unlimited benefits, and their participants the opportunity to preserve their sovereignty and guarantee national security.
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Potier-Brown, Laurie, and Gwen Pipkin. "Urban Campers as a New Population for Community Impact Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (January 2005): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All states and cities and most towns have urban camper communities. “Urban camper” is a working term for homeless people who live in urban or suburban areas. The term helps differentiate campers with stable, minimally developed night locations from those homeless who have nowhere consistent to go. Camper populations vary from one to several hundred. They live in tents or shanties without services or utilities. Many residents work, access shopping and services, and send their children to school. Their camp communities are their homes. Public safety and social service agencies know these people, but they are invisible to the average citizen. Many urban campers are U.S. citizens, but the mainstream community has traditionally overlooked their legal and personal rights. Acknowledging their rights may cause legal problems for local governments. Land development and land use changes can force campers out of campsite locations. Sometimes they find out about changes the morning bulldozers arrive. A widening of U.S. Highway 301 in Sarasota, Florida, would have displaced hundreds of urban campers who lived in wooded patches along the roadway. The Florida Department of Transportation asked a community impact assessment (CIA) team to identify the problem's scope and to ensure that this displacement would proceed better than past displacements. The CIA team surveyed area social service agencies (SSAs) that are used regularly by many urban campers. Because traditional CIA meetings were not feasible or welcome, SSA staff became the conduit for communication with informal camp leadership. The CIA team kept SSAs updated. Before construction started the majority of urban campers had melted away.