Статті в журналах: "LEACH-P"

1

Leach, P. G. L. "Book Review by P G L Leach." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 7, no. 2 (January 2000): R5—R6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.2000.7.2.10.

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2

G, Janani. "Comparative Analysis of SCMR, P-LEACH and V-LEACH Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 3509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.3735.

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3

Chao Wang, Chao Wang, Wen-Wen Zha Chao Wang, Cheng Zhu Wen-Wen Zha, Wen-Yang Wang Cheng Zhu, Guang-Bo Li Wen-Yang Wang, Liang Tao Guang-Bo Li, Hui-Min Ma Liang Tao, and Jun Jiao Hui-Min Ma. "LEACH Clustering Routing Protocol Based on Balanced Energy Consumption." 電腦學刊 33, no. 5 (October 2022): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022103305013.

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Faced with the problems of unbalanced energy consumption (EC) and short lifetime of nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) clustering routing protocol based on energy balance, namely LEACH-EB (LEACH Based on Energy Balance) protocol was proposed. At the initial selection stage, the nodes which are close to the base station (BS) with great remaining energy and many neighbor nodes are selected as the cluster heads (CHs); then, the non-CH nodes enter the clusters which have the least costs based on the strength and remaining energy of the communication signals between themselves and different CHs. At the data transmission stage, if the CH which sends the information is one hop away from BS, the CH needs to select a neighbor CH with the largest forwarding probability as the next hop relay node based on the remaining energy of each neighbor CH, the number of nodes in the cluster, and the distance from BS. The selected neighbor CH continues to determine the next hop in the above manner until the data is successfully sent to BS. Simulation tests show that LEACH-EB protocol can receive more data and extend the network life cycle by 60%, 43.1%, and 13.36% compared with LEACH, LEACH-C, and FIGWO, respectively.

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4

Qing-Xue Liu, Qing-Xue Liu, Huang-Shui Hu Qing-Xue Liu, Mei-Qin Yao Huang-Shui Hu, and Chu-Hang Wang Mei-Qin Yao. "An Improved Multi-hop LEACH Protocol Based on Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks." 電腦學刊 33, no. 3 (June 2022): 001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992022063303001.

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As an important kind of clustering protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), LEACH and its variants have been demonstrated to efficiently balance the energy consumption, simplify the routing task and extend the network lifetime. Especially, the multi-hop LEACH type protocols have proved to be effective approaches for high energy efficiency, reliability as well as scalability. However, data transmission in hop-by-hop mode increases the energy consumption and end-to-end delay. In this paper, an improved multi-hop LEACH protocol based on fuzzy logic called IMF-LEACH is proposed, which uses a fuzzy logic controller with residual energy, length of data, and distance to BS as fuzzy descriptors to determine the hop count. Moreover, the hop count is used for each CH to find its optimal next-hop intermediate CH with more residual energy and less number of members. Simulations are conducted in MATLAB to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, and the results show that IMF-LEACH maximizes the network lifetime and outperforms its counterparts consistently.

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5

Rasyid, M. U. H. A., D. I. Permatasari, and D. J. Karim. "Performance analysis of two layer leach algorithm based on area partition (tl-leach-p) for wsn." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1010 (January 16, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1010/1/012014.

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6

Ouldzira, Hicham, Hajar Lagraini, Ahmed Mouhsen, Mostafa Chhiba, and Abdelmoumen Tabyaoui. "MG-leach: an enhanced leach protocol for wireless sensor network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp3139-3145.

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A wireless sensor network is made up of a large number of small sensor nodes with limited energy resources, which is a real problem for this network. In this article, we will study the ingestion of node energy in these networks at the routing level. In addition, we are modifying one of the most popular routing algorithms for data communication in the WSN: LEACH (Adaptive Hierarchy with Low Power Consumption). The modified version of the LEACH base version "MG_LEACH" uses an intermediate cluster header to transmit data, extend the network lifetime and send more data than the original protocol. Our proposed algorithm is simulated using MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of improving the lifetime of this network. The results of the simulation confirmed that the system was working better than the LEACH basic system and that the network life had been improved.

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7

Lechani, Taous, Victor Tourtchine, and Said Amari. "A new modification of LEACH for efficient energy in WSN." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1495-1506.

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The limited energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks and the impossibility of replacing their batteries, have lead to protocols development which optimize and balance the energy consumption over the network. LEACH is the most used hierarchical protocol. However, one major weakness of the LEACH protocol lies in both of its random cluster formation and cluster head election. In this paper, we present two new protocols based virtual grid clustering on coverage area. In the first one, sensing area is devided into grids as squares named as VSG-LEACH and in the second one into grids as hexagons named as VHG-LEACH. In each zone, one cluster head is elected according to its residual energy and its distance from the cell center. The simulation results show that the network lifetime is prolonged by 169.67% and the energy consumption is improved by 80.97% compared to LEACH protocol.

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8

Cao, Luzhou. "Clustering Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Dynamic Network Partition." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i11.9516.

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To prolong the network life and improve the network performance, a new clustering routing protocol which uses dynamic network to divide and consider the residual energy of sensor nodes is proposed. The design and simulation of the clustering scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks are also studied. The results show that the protocol controls the number of cluster heads by region division of the network and balances its distribution in wireless sensor networks according to the latest location of the sink node. At the same time, the residual energy of nodes is considered to balance the energy consumption of the network when the cluster head is elected. The protocol effectively solves the problem of uneven distribution of cluster heads in time and space and energy consumption of each node in the LEACH protocol. Compared with the LEACH protocol, M-LEACH effectively prolongs the network life. From this, it is seen that the application of M-LEACH protocol in mobile wireless sensor network clustering routing is effective.

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9

El Aalaoui, Abderrahmane, and Abderrahmane Hajraoui. "Energy efficiency of organized cluster election method in wireless sensor networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp218-226.

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In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the protocol LEACH performance. It has been accomplished by increasing the energy balancing in clusters among all nodes to minimize the energy dissipation during network communications. The improved method is based on an optimized selection of cluster head. The development of this approach has indicated progress in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption and number of packets transferred to base station, compared to LEACH or other related extended spaces protocols. Mathematical analysis and simulations results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The energy consumption of WSN has been reduced up to about 3.5 %. The network life cycle is prolonged by 44 %. The number of packets sent has been increased by 185 % than LEACH.

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10

Jian, Yu Mei, Ming Chen, and Guo Fu Feng. "A Mental Clustering Algorithm Based on the Embedded Agent in Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2037.

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In this paper, a clustering protocol for Embedded Agent sensor network is proposed.In LEACH protocol, the selection probability P of candidate cluster head is constant without thinking about residual energy, which caused the lower residual energy easy to be the candidate cluster head.Compared with traditional structure of wireless sensor network, parameter was optimized. The confidence of the node, select probability and residual energy are the parameter of candidate cluster head, communication cost as the parameter of final cluster node. Compared with LEACH and ASCH, EACA take more parameters than LEACH. Results show that EACA can balance the energy load in the network, and effectively reduce more energy consumption.

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11

Pureprasert, Thipsupar, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Surachai Dechkunakorn, Surapich Loykulanant, Chaveewan Kongkaew, and Wassana Wichai. "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Three Different Orthodontic Latex Elastic Bands Leached with NaOH Solution." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.135.

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Orthodontic elastic bands made from natural rubber continue to be commonly used due to their favorable characteristics. However, there are concerns associated cytotoxicity due to harmful components released during conventional vulcanization (sulfur-based method). With the co-operation of The National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) and Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University, a new method was introduced to reduce toxic components by leaching the orthodontic elastic bands with NaOH solution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of Thai and commercial orthodontic elastic brands (Ormco and W&H) leached with NaOH solution. Three elastic brands (N =30, size 1⁄4 inch ,4.5 oz.) were tested for mechanical properties in terms of initial extension force, residual force, force loss, breaking strength and maximum displacement using a Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that force loss significantly decreased in Thai-LEACH and W&H-LEACH, whereas the values increased in Ormco-LEACH (P<0.05). The data exhibited a significantly decrease in breaking strength with Thai-LEACH and Ormco-LEACH, whereas all 3 brands revealed a significantly decrease in maximum displacement with the leaching process (P<0.05). In conclusion, leaching with NaOH solution is a new method, which can remove toxic components from orthodontic latex elastic bands. However, this process can affect their mechanical properties. Leached elastic bands from Thai had comparable properties with Ormco and have potential to be developed as a promising product.

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12

Novack-Gottshall, Philip M., and Roy E. Plotnick. "Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 4 (March 15, 2021): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.23.

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The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).

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13

Li, Cong, and Shujuan Dong. "Routing Algorithm for Delay Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 12, no. 11 (November 24, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v12i11.6225.

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In a regular sensor node, there are three activities that are the core sources of energy consumption i.e. sensing, computation, and radio operations. Multi-Group, a novel routing algorithm based on LEACH (MG-LEACH) that has been utilized in redundant deployed sensor nodes to improve the network lifetime is explored. It has been suppressing the correlated data gathered by the sensor nodes by monitoring the similar event, thus not only reducing the data transmission inside the clusters but also conserving the energy of deployed sensor nodes consequently to improve the overall network lifetime. The proposed routing algorithm has been simulated using MATLAB to verify the efficiency in enhancing network lifetime. A critical evaluation of routing algorithm is conducted to determine the relevance and applicability in increasing network lifetime. Simulation results demonstrated that it has performed better than LEACH and enhanced network lifetime by up to approximately 90%.

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14

KIM, HYUN KYONG, BENNY K. K. CHAN, LAURE CORBARI, PAULA A. RODRIGUEZ MORENO, YAIR ACHITUV, and WON KIM. "A new species of the coral associated barnacle (Thoracica: Pyrgomatidae: Pyrgoma) from a deep-sea oculinid coral in New Caledonian waters." Zootaxa 4695, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4695.1.2.

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The present study describes a new species of Pyrgoma Leach, 1817, a coral associated barnacle attached to Tubastrea, from the south of New Caledonia. Pyrgoma spurtruncata sp. nov. is morphologically close to P. cancellatum Leach, 1818, P. japonica Weltner, 1897 and P. kuri Hoek, 1913 in the absence of extended tergal muscle crests. Pyrgoma cancellatum and P. kuri have a shallow, fully open, medial furrow of the tergal spur, whereas in P. spurtruncata sp. nov. the medial furrow is deeper and closed. Pyrgoma spurtruncata sp. nov. differs from P. japonica Weltner, 1897 in the width of the tergal spur and the length of the rostral tooth of the scutum. Phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial markers, 12S rDNA and COI, confirm a unique, distinct clade of P. spurtruncata sp. nov. among the current available molecular information regarding Pyrgoma species.

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15

ZHOU, KANG, LI LUO, and BIN NA. "STUDY ON FLAME RETARDANT LEACH RESISTANT OF MODIFIED POPLAR WOOD." Wood Research 67, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.268279.

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After flame retardant and enhancing treatment, fast-grown poplar face the problem of leaching of pharmacy, which affected the effective permanence of the retard and further use is limited. In this paper, we study the fixed effect of low molecule phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin on nitrogen and phosphorus (N-P) inorganic flame retardant compositeunder the condition of high relative humidity. The change oflateralsizes and quality of the specimens were emphasized in the experiment. Results reveal that the greater the concentration of flame retardant was,the greater weight gain percentage of the samples was, and the more serious leach was in the test, after the specimen was modified with the flame retardant.When weight gain percentage of the specimens is same, the greater the concentration of PF resin test solution was,better effect of the leachresistant will be obtained with the concentration of PF test solution increased.The PF resin with 25% concentration had the best effect to reduce the leach of N-P inorganic composite retards. From the comparative analysis above, it was advisable to indicate the PF resin with 25% concentration had the best effect to reduce the leach of N-P inorganic composite retards.

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16

He, Yecong, and Min Tan. "Design of Indoor Temperature Monitoring and Energy Saving Control Technology Based on Wireless Sensor." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 07 (July 21, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i07.7289.

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Considering the indoor temperature monitoring and energy saving control technology, based on the traditional low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), a multi-hop clustering routing algorithm is proposed. By adding a threshold in LEACH, the algorithm makes the nodes with high residual energy and high nodes become cluster heads. The results show that the improved algorithm can effectively prolong the life cycle of wireless sensor networks. Based on above findings, it is concluded that the proposed algorithm can save the system energy and improve the network energy efficiency.

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17

Hoy, Frank. "Book Review: Leach, P. (2007). Family Businesses: The Essentials. London: Profile Books." Family Business Review 23, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486509357011.

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18

Zhang, Wei, and Liang Zhao. "Research of Routing Protocol for Support Pressure Monitor in Mine Base on WSN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.535.

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According to the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH and PEGASIS,we propose a LEACH-P protocol which cluster head is a improved and connected into a chain protocol.This protocol first choose cluster head in the wireless sensor networks and make all nodes into clusters.Then it top-down traversals cluster head and finds a link connection which optimizes cluster head election and inter-cluster communication. It is more adapted to the pressure monitoring system of downhole hydraulic support.NS2 simulation show that the improved protocol can extend the network life cycle and have a good real-time.

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19

Kundaliya, Brijesh, and S. K. Hadia. "Enhancing network lifetime with an improved MOD- LEACH." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3615-3622.

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Wireless sensor network will be the most dominating field in future era. There are certain issues which wireless sensor network suffers from. The main concern with wireless sensor network is limited energy which directly impact on network lifetime. In this paper we modify the cluster selection procedure of MODLEACH. MODLEACH protocol use threshold value for selecting cluster head. Once a cluster head is selected, it retains its position until it bypasses the threshold limit. In Basic LEACH, it does not use any threshold value but it randomly selects cluster head from the available nodes. We combine the probabilistic nature of LEACH to select the cluster head and threshold base selection of cluster head of MODLEACH. We also apply proposed modification in EAMMH protocol. Our main focus is on the enhancement of network lifetime, and we got significant improvement in network lifetime.

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20

Morales-Malacara, Juan B., Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Hans Klompen, and Carlos A. Mancina. "New Species of the Genus Periglischrus (Acari: Spinturnicidae) from Monophyllus Bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in the West Indies, Including a Morphometric Analysis of Its Intraspecific Variation." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 418–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz198.

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Abstract The discovery of a new species, Periglischrus empheresotrichus, was determined through a review of museum collections, as well as a field survey of ectoparasites of island bats. This new species parasitizes on two bat species of the genus Monophyllus Leach, the Greater Antillean Long-tongued bat Monophyllus redmani Leach and the Lesser Antillean Long-tongued bat Monophyllus plethodon Miller. The female, male, deuthonymphs, and protonymph are described and illustrated. P. empheresotrichus n. sp. has an insular distribution, we evaluated the morphological variation of the adult populations, and concluded that intra-specific variation is correlated both with host species and locality (island) in the West Indies.

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21

Hu, Zhongdong, Zhendong Wang, Junling Wang, and Ting Zeng. "Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Automatic Cluster Optimization." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 12 (December 23, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i12.9297.

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The existing routing protocols such as LEACH and its improvements are all balance the overall energy consumption of the network by electing cluster heads looping and randomly. However, it also causes defects such as different cluster sizes and uneven cluster head distribution, resulting in uneven energy loss. In response to these shortcomings, this paper proposes a new routing protocol called AOCRP based on automatic optimization of clustering. The AOCRP has an optimized and fixed number of clusters, and the cluster head distribution is relatively uniform. It can adjust the number of nodes in each cluster automatically during the operation and keep the number of nodes the same in each cluster during each round. The AOCRP balances node energy loss and extends the life cycle of wireless sensor networks. Simulation experiments show that the performance of this protocol is better than EH-LEACH and DEEC in extending the network lifecycle and data transmission.

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22

HV, Chaitra, and Dr Ravikumar G.K. "Energy efficient clustereing method for wireless sensor network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp1039-1048.

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Wireless sensor has attained wide interest across various industries due to availability of low cost sensor device. Preserving battery/energy of these sensor device is most desired. Recently, many approaches has been presented to improve lifetime of sensor network adopting clustering technique. Cluster head selection play an important factor in improving lifetime of cluster based network. For improving cluster head selection multi-objective function are presented in recent time by adopting evolutionary computing and metaheuristic algorithm. However, the existing model incurs computation overhead due to NP-Hard problem and connectivity issues is not considered. Thus affecting network performance. To address the research issues, this work present a novel Multi-objective imperialist competitive algorithm (MOICA) for cluster head selection and routing optimization. Experiment are conducted to evaluate the performance of MOICA over LEACH in term of lifetime performance considering first sensor node death and 75% sensor node death. The outcome shows MOICA achieves significance improvement over LEACH based protocols.

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Daanoune, Ikram, Abdennaceur Baghdad, and Abdelhakim Ballouk. "Improved LEACH protocol for increasing the lifetime of WSNs." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3106-3113.

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Recently, wireless sensor network (WSN) is taking a high place in several applications: military, industry, and environment. The importance of WSNs in current applications makes the WSNs the most developed technology at the research level and especially in the field of communication and computing. However, WSN’s performance deals with a number of challenges. Energy consumption is the most considerable for many researchers because nodes use energy to collect, treat, and send data, but they have restricted energy. For this reason, numerous efficient energy routing protocols have been developed to save the consumption of power. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is considered as the most attractive one in WSNs. In the present document, we evaluate the LEACH approach effectiveness in the cluster-head (CH) choosing and in data transmission, then we propose an enhanced protocol. The proposed algorithm aims to improve energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of WSN through selecting CHs depending on the remaining power, balancing the number of nodes in clusters, determining abandoned nodes in order to send their data to the sink. Then CHs choose the optimal path to achieve the sink. Simulation results exhibit that the enhanced method can decrease the consumption of energy and prolong the life-cycle of the network.

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24

Yeager, Thomas H., and James E. Barrett. "Influence of an Anion Exchange Resin on Phosphorus and Sulfur Leaching from a Soilless Container Medium." HortScience 21, no. 1 (February 1986): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.1.152.

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Abstract Research indicates P and S leach rapidly from soilless media amended with ordinary superphosphate (2). Since these elements are in the form of anions, an amendment with a high anion exchange capacity may reduce their leaching from soilless media. In the following study, an anion exchange resin was used to test this theory.

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25

Cho, Sungchol, Li Han, Bokgyu Joo, and Sunyoung Han. "P-LEACH: An Efficient Cluster-Based Technique to Track Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 9 (January 2014): 803656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/803656.

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26

El Ouadi, Mohammed Réda, and Abderrahim Hasbi. "Impact of Network Topology on Energy Efficiency in WSN." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 17, no. 09 (September 27, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i09.23089.

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Wireless communication network has a significant success in scientific and industrial communities. Due to its various advantages, this technology is considered as a key element in current network architectures. It represents the architecture that allows to group a large number of sensors to collect information about a physical process in different environments. The gathered data is transmitted to base station which communicates the information to the end user.Several protocols are proposed for WSNs routing, by considering the limited capacities of sensor nodes according to a specific topology that allows to organize the nodes within the network. However, the performance of each routing protocol mainly depends on the application requirements and its results in terms of the lifetime of WSN and satisfaction of objectives defined.According of the structure of WSN, the routing techniques can be divided in three types hierarchical, location-based flat routing. This paper, present the different routing techniques in WSN, based on the organization of nodes in sensor area. We focus specially to study the three types, cluster-based, chain-based and location-based routing techniques. These techniques will be simulated in order to compared their performances with our protocol Location-Based LEACH (LOC-LEACH).

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Lee, Jong-Yong, and Daesung Lee. "Improvement of CH election in three-level heterogeneous WSN." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp272-278.

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A Wireless Sensor Network is a wirelessly configured Sensor Node with limited power such as a battery. There are many Wireless Sensor Network Protocols to increase energy efficiency, among which LEACH Protocol and SEP are typical. The LEACH Protocol is mainly used for homogeneous sensor networks with the same initial energy, and SEP is used for heterogeneous sensor networks with different initial energies. In the case of SEP-E, another heterogeneous sensor with different initial energy is added. SEP and SEP-E provide a higher probability of Cluster Head election for node types with more energy than Normal Nodes. Since the current residual energy of the node is not confirmed, even if the energy is low, the Cluster Head may be elected because of the node type. In this paper, considering the residual energy of a node when a Cluster Head is elected, we increase the probability of electing a Cluster Head with more residual energy. Cluster Head consumes a lot of energy. A node with a lot of residual energy is elected as a Cluster Head, so the network lifetime can be used for a long time.

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Bordoni, Arnaldo. "XANTHOLININI OF THE AUSTRALASIAN REGION. IV. A NEW GENUS FROM AUSTRALIA AND NEW RECORDS (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (*)." Fragmenta Entomologica 44, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2012.33.

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(*) 216° contribution to the knowledge of the StaphylinidaeBruxneria lamingtoniana n. gen. n. sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Queensland and New South Wales are described and figured. The new genus is similar to Gyrohypnus Leach, 1819 and Neohypnus Coiffait and Saiz, 1964, but differs by some external characters. Its distinctly dilated anterior tarsi appear to put it next to Notolinus Casey, 1906. Some new records are listed.

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Kusumawati, Desi. "UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU CEREMAI (Phyllanthus acidus L) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST)." Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Medical Research 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/pharmed.v1i1.2267.

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The use of Otaheite gooseberry wood as a traditional medicine needs to be supported by scientific information about the efficacy and side effect. The objective of this research is to prove the presence of toxicity potency in ethanol extract of otaheite gooseberry wood using BST methods. An experimental research. Total sampel were 160 Brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach) larvae. Ten larvae used in each 6 groups with 3 times replication. Each group was consecutively given 500 μg/ml, 300 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 0 μg/ml concentrate of ethanol extract of otaheite gooseberry wood, the sixth group was used as control. Data obtained by calculating amount of died larva in 24 hours after treatment. LC50 value was analyzed by probit analysis using SPSS 16.0 for windows,. Presumable compound contained in extract etanol Otaheite gooseberry wood in which have tokcixity testcase by “skrining fitokimia”. The average mortality of larvae at a concentration of 500, 300, 200, 100, 50, and 0 μg/ml consecutively were 9,33; 7,33; 4,67; 3,33; 2 and 0. The higher the extract concentration led to a growing number of high larval mortality. LC50 value of fruit extract of otaheite gooseberry wood was 275,035μg/ml. LC50 <1000 μg/ml indicates ethanol extract of otaheite gooseberry wood own a potential toxicity to larvae of Artemia salina Leach.

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30

Braun, Edward. "Robert Leach Revolutionary TheatreLondon; New York: Routledge, 1994. 256 p. £40. ISBN 0-415-03223-7." New Theatre Quarterly 12, no. 48 (November 1996): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00010629.

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31

Vendelboe, Anders L., Trine Norgaard, Preben Olsen, Lis W. de Jonge, and Annette E. Rosenbom. "When does the fluazifop-P-butyl degradate, TFMP, leach through an agricultural loamy soil to groundwater?" Science of The Total Environment 562 (August 2016): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.182.

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32

El Ouadi, Mohammed Réda, and Abderrahim Hasbi. "Comparison of LEACH and PEGASIS Hierarchical Routing Protocols in WSN." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 09 (August 13, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i09.14691.

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Wireless Sensor Networks is a group of sensor nodes dispatched in a geographical area for a defined objective. These sensor nodes are characterized by limited capacity of communicating, computing and especially of energy. The performance of these WSN is resting on a good routing protocol, hence the need to choose the routing protocol able to satisfy the wsn's objectives, and to satisfy the common challenge to prolong network life time.Several routing concepts have been proposed for the WSN, hierarchical routing is one of the most used concepts. It is divided into 3 types: cluster based routing, grid based routing and chain based protocol. In this paper, we are interested to Study, analyse and compare two popular routing protocols for Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) using clusters based concept and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS) with chain based concept. The both protocols are simulated with Matlab simulator, in order to evaluate its performances against the different users and the WSNs objectives defined.

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33

Aarons, S. R., C. R. O'Connor, and C. J. P. Gourley. "Dung decomposition in temperate dairy pastures. I. Changes in soil chemical properties." Soil Research 42, no. 1 (2004): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03008.

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The effect of dung from cows grazing low and high input systems (2 cows/ha, 35 kg P/ha; 4 cows/ha, 140 kg P/ha) on soil chemical properties in temperate dairy pastures was investigated. Dung was used to create pads, and their effect on soil at 2 depths compared with control areas to which nothing was applied. Most dung had decomposed after 40 days in autumn, and was completely degraded by Day 60 in this temperate environment. Large quantities of the nutrients P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, and S were applied to the soil in these dung pads. The mechanism of movement of these nutrients from the pads into soil appeared to be based on their solubility in water. Phosphorus did not leach from the pads but was incorporated into the soil with the decomposing pad. Calcium, Mg, and S concentrations declined slowly in the decomposing pads. On the other hand, K and Na appeared to leach from the pads, as significant decreases in concentrations occurred during decomposition. Soil pH (1:20 soil:water) decreased under dung pads, although the effect did not last beyond 60 days and was linked to the observed increase in soil EC with depth. Extractable P and K increased considerably in soil under dung pads, but only in the upper 0–5 cm layer. Soil exchangeable aluminium and total organic P were not affected by the presence of dung pads. These results are discussed in relation to nutrient cycling in temperate Australian dairy pasture soils.

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34

Aarons, S. R., C. J. P. Gourley, and C. R. O'Connor. "Corrigendum to: Dung decomposition in temperate dairy pastures. I. Changes in soil chemical properties." Soil Research 42, no. 3 (2004): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03008_co.

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Анотація:

The effect of dung from cows grazing low and high input systems (2 cows/ha, 35 kg P/ha; 4 cows/ha, 140 kg P/ha) on soil chemical properties in temperate dairy pastures was investigated. Dung was used to create pads, and their effect on soil at 2 depths compared with control areas to which nothing was applied. Most dung had decomposed after 40 days in autumn, and was completely degraded by Day 60 in this temperate environment. Large quantities of the nutrients P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, and S were applied to the soil in these dung pads. The mechanism of movement of these nutrients from the pads into soil appeared to be based on their solubility in water. Phosphorus did not leach from the pads but was incorporated into the soil with the decomposing pad. Calcium, Mg, and S concentrations declined slowly in the decomposing pads. On the other hand, K and Na appeared to leach from the pads, as significant decreases in concentrations occurred during decomposition. Soil pH (1:20 soil:water) decreased under dung pads, although the effect did not last beyond 60 days and was linked to the observed increase in soil EC with depth. Extractable P and K increased considerably in soil under dung pads, but only in the upper 0–5 cm layer. Soil exchangeable aluminium and total organic P were not affected by the presence of dung pads. These results are discussed in relation to nutrient cycling in temperate Australian dairy pasture soils.

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35

Nefediev, P. S., I. H. Tuf, and Yu V. Dyachkov. "FIRST RECORD OF CRYPTOPS (CRYPTOPS) HORTENSIS (DONOVAN, 1810) IN SOUTHWESTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA (CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA: CRYPTOPIDAE)." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201642.

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Both the subgenus Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1815 and C. (C.) hortensis (Donovan, 1810), as well as the family Cryptopidae to which they belong, are currently reported in the Asian part of Russia for the first time. All records of the species in southwestern Siberia are confined to hothouses. Distributional remarks are provided and all currently reported findings are mapped.

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36

Kashyap, Pankaj Kumar, and Sushil Kumar. "Genetic-fuzzy based load balanced protocol for WSNs." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1168-1183.

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Recent advancement in wireless sensor networks primarily depends upon energy constraint. Clustering is the most effective energy-efficient technique to provide robust, fault-tolerant and also enhance network lifetime and coverage. Selection of optimal number of cluster heads and balancing the load of cluster heads are most challenging issues. Evolutionary based approach and soft computing approach are best suitable for counter the above problems rather than mathematical approach. In this paper we propose hybrid technique where Genetic algorithm is used for the selection of optimal number of cluster heads and their fitness value of chromosome to give optimal number of cluster head and minimizing the energy consumption is provided with the help of fuzzy logic approach. Finally cluster heads uses multi-hop routing based on A*(A-star) algorithm to send aggregated data to base station which additionally balance the load. Comparative study among LEACH, CHEF, LEACH-ERE, GAEEP shows that our proposed algorithm outperform in the area of total energy consumption with various rounds and network lifetime, number of node alive versus rounds and packet delivery or packet drop ratio over the rounds, also able to balances the load at cluster head.

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37

BONATO, LUCIO, LUIS A. PEREIRA, and ALESSANDRO MINELLI. "Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the centipede genera Chomatobius, Ityphilus, Hapleurytion, Plateurytion, and Steneurytion (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)." Zootaxa 1485, no. 1 (May 28, 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1485.1.1.

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Based on critical analysis of published information, we revise and discuss the taxonomic circumscription, diagnosis and nomenclature of the chilopod genera Chomatobius Humbert & Saussure, 1870, Ityphilus Cook, 1899, Hapleurytion Verhoeff, 1940, Plateurytion Attems, 1909 and Steneurytion Attems, 1909. Hapleurytion and Plateurytion are raised to the genus rank for the first time, and Plateurytion is recognised as the replacement name for Eurytion Attems, 1903, which is a junior homonym of Eurytion Jaennicke, 1867 (Diptera). The following synonymies are new: Chilerium Chamberlin, 1955 = Plateurytion Attems, 1909; Pachymeroides Chamberlin, 1920 = Zelanion Chamberlin, 1920 = Steneurytion Attems, 1909; Geophilus schauinslandi Attems, 1903 = Geophilus antipodum Pocock, 1891, following fixation of a lectotype for the former in this paper. The following generic combinations are new: Chomatobius auximus (Chamberlin, 1938), C. bakeri (Chamberlin, 1912), C. euphorion (Crabill, 1953), C. minor (Chamberlin, 1912) and C. minor arizonicus (Chamberlin, 1925), all from Gosiphilus Chamberlin, 1912; Ityphilus boteltobogensis (Wang, 1955), I. microcephalus (Brölemann, 1909) and I. tenuicollis (Takakuwa, 1934), all from Thalthybius Attems, 1901; Hapleurytion aporopus (Attems, 1922), from Eurytion Attems, 1903; Plateurytion badiceps (Attems, 1909), P. brevis (Verhoeff, 1937), P. dentatus (Attems, 1909), P. dolichocephalus (Attems, 1928), P. gracillimus (Verhoeff, 1937), P. heurtaultae (Pereira, 2006), P. kalaharinus (Attems, 1909), P. kalaharinus elongatus (Verhoeff, 1937), P. lethifer (Crabill, 1968), P. mumbwae (Dobroruka, 1969), P. paucipes (Lawrence, 1955), P. quadridentatus (Lawrence, 1955), P. sabulosus (Attems, 1909), P. transvaalicus (Lawrence, 1966), P. trichopus (Attems, 1928) and P. yungarum (Pereira, 2005), all from Eurytion Attems, 1903; P. dudichii (Verhoeff, 1940), from Schizotaenia Cook, 1896; P. gracilis (Gervais, 1849), P. metopias (Attems, 1903), P. michaelseni (Attems, 1903) and P. tenebrosus (Meinert, 1886), all from Geophilus Leach, 1814; P. mundus (Chamberlin, 1955) and P. zapallar (Chamberlin, 1955), both from Chilerium Chamberlin, 1955; Steneurytion antipodum (Pocock, 1891), from Geophilus Leach, 1814; S. dux (Chamberlin, 1920) and S. hawaiiensis (Chamberlin, 1953), both from Zelanion Chamberlin, 1920; S. incisunguis (Attems, 1911) and Steneurytion mjoebergi (Verhoeff, 1925), both from Eurytion Attems, 1903.

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38

Sameer Jabbar, Mohanad, Samer Saeed Issa, and Adnan Hussein Ali. "Improving WSNs execution using energy-efficient clustering algorithms with consumed energy and lifetime maximization." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1122-1131.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has a major designing feature representing by energy. Specifically, the sensor nodes have limited battery energy and are deployed remote from base station (BS); therefore, the actual enhancement dealing with energy turns into the Clustering routing protocols fundamentals which concerned in network lifetime improvement. Though, unexpected and energy insensible of the clusters head (CH) selection is not the best of WSN for greatly lowering lifetime network. A presentation article of an WSNs incoming routing approach using a mix of the fuzzy approach besides hybrid energy-efficient distributing (HEED) algorithm for increasing the lifetime and node’s energy. The FLH-P proposal algorithm is split into two parts. The stable election protocol HEED approach is used to arrange WSNs into clusters. Then, using a combination of fuzzy inference and the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) algorithm, metrics like residual energy, minimal hops, with node traffic counts are taken into account. A comparison of FLH-P proposal algorithm with LEACH algorithm, fuzzy approach, and HEED utilizing identical guiding standards was used for demonstrating the performance of the suggested technique from where corresponding consumed energy as well as lifetime maximization. The suggested routing strategy considerably increases the network lifetime and transmitted packet throughput, according to simulation findings.

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39

Glascoe, Frances P., William R. Moore, James Henderson, and Elaine D. Martin. "REVIEWS OF LAY LITERATURE ON CHILD CARE: WHAT PARENTS ARE READING." Pediatrics 84, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.1.a50.

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Leach P. Your Baby and Child: From Birth to Age Five. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf; 1978; list price $24.45 (#4 on the 1988 bestseller list of books on child care of the Ingram Book Co, distributors of trade books). Addressing the effects of nature and nurture on development, Leach covers prenatal development through preschool with particular attention to infancy. Parents' roles, identical for mothers and fathers, are diverse and include controller of environments, model of ideal behavior, nurturer, and instructor. Management methods involve positive reinforcement, ignoring, and active listening; designed to be preventive, corrective, and instructive. Detailed information is given about specific practices including nutrition, stimulatory activities, illness, and education. There is some consideration of environmental forces, parenting difficulties, and the needs of exceptional children. While an intact family is not presumed, material resources are, and presence of a homemaker is advised until children reach three years of age. The text is moderately difficult to read, lacks organization and cross-referencing in the indices. However, the book is supported by numerous photographs and illustrations. The medical content was rated as fair but parents are prompted to seek medical attention appropriately.

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40

Karsana, Elsaria, Hilwan Yuda Teruna, and Adel Zamri. "SINTESIS DAN UJI TOKSISITAS SENYAWA ANALOG PARA METIL KALKON." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 6, no. 01 (October 30, 2015): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v6i01.456.

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Senyawa kalkon (E)-1,3-di-p-tolilprop-2-en-1-on telah berhasil disintesis dari 4’-metilasetofenon dan 4-metilbenzaldehid melalui kondensasi Claisen-Schmidth menggunakan NaOH (3N) sebagai katalis dibawah iradiasi microwave menghasilkan rendemen sebesa 62,64 %. Senyawa yang dihasilkan diuji kemuniannya dengan KLT, uji titik leleh dan analisis HPLC serta dikarakteisasi strukturnya berdasarkan interpretasi data spektroskopi UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR dan MS. Uji toksisitas senyawa kalkon ini menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) terhadap larva Artemia salina Leach. Nilai LC50 untuk senyawa(E)-1,3-di-p-tolilprop-2-en-1-on adalah 7,656 μg/mL. Senyawa analog kalkon tersebut positif berpotensi sebagai antikanker.

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41

Judd, Kirsten M., Larry A. Rupp, and Richard F. Fisher. "FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON MYCORRHIZAL FORMATION AND GROWTH OF PINUS NIGRA, P. PONDEROSA, AND P. SYLVESTRIS." HortScience 25, no. 11 (November 1990): 1354c—1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1354c.

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Fertilization effects on mycorrhizal formation by Tricholoma virgatum with three pine species were studied. Inoculum was mixed into a 1 peat: 1 vermiculite media (1:9, v/v), prior to seeding in 160-cm3 “Leach Containers”. Four nutritional regimens were used: Full-strength Ingestad solution with 10% P, 10% Ingestad solution, modified-exponential Ingestad, and a slow-release fertilizer (Sierra TM, 17N-6P-1OK). Seedlings were harvested at 3, 4, and 5 months after sowing. Tricholoma inoculation resulted in 11% of the short roots of all species forming ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and 40% of the seedlings being colonized. P. sylvestris and P. nigra had significantly more ECM than did P. ponderosa, The number of ECM increased from the 3rd to the 4th month, but no increase occurred after the 4th month. Treatment with full-strength Ingestad/10% P yielded the largest seedlings and the least ECM, while exponential and 10% Ingestad produced smaller seedlings with the most ECM. The slow-release fertilizer treatment resulted in trees with intermediate growth and ECM formation. No differences in growth were found between inoculated and uninoculated trees.

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42

Oukessou, Yassine, Mohamed Baslam, and Mohamed Oukessou. "Optimisation of LEACH protocol based on a game theory clustering approach for wireless sensor networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp938-944.

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The wireless sensor network clustering routing mechanism is the best multi-hop algorithm used to aggregate data from sensors to the base station. Therefore the elected nodes refuse to be a clusters heads CH and have a selfish and non cooperative behaviours in each group cluster. All that due to the high electric energy consumption, and especially that the most existing sensors are powered by batteries. In this paper, we will analyse the selfishness behaviour by using the most knowing mathematical model Game theory to improve the interaction decision making for the CH selection, and make a comparison with LEACH protocol.

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43

MAGALHÃES, TATIANA, and DARRYL L. FELDER. "A new species of the hairy crab genus Pilumnus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae) from Belize." Zootaxa 4711, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.1.7.

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A new species of the pilumnid crab genus Pilumnus Leach, 1815, P. mantelattoi n. sp., is described and illustrated on the basis of a single ovigerous female specimen from Belize, bordering the northwestern Caribbean Sea. The holotype, an ovigerous female, was taken from an epifaunal accumulation of sponges, ascidians, and hydroids on red mangrove roots suspended in the water column. Superficially resembling Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson, 1871, with which it occurs sympatrically, it is distinguished from this and all other known western Atlantic species on the basis of both morphology and molecular markers.

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44

Christophoryová, Jana, and Martina Červená. "Apocheiridium ferum (Simon, 1879) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Cheiridiidae), a newly recorded genus and species of pseudoscorpion for Hungary." Check List 16, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.2.223.

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The genus Apocheiridium Chamberlin, 1924 is reported from Hungary for the first time. Adults of Apocheiridium ferum (Simon, 1879) were collected under the bark of a Platanus Linné, 1753 tree in Pápa, Veszprém County. Simultaneously, the second known European cheiridiid species, Cheiridium museorum (Leach, 1817), was found under the same bark. The differences between these two species are discussed. With the new record of A. ferum, 54 species and 21 genera are now known for the Hungarian fauna of Pseudoscorpiones.

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45

Shao, Yan Hai, Ming Ming Li, and Xiong Tong. "Extraction of Vanadium in the Comprehensive Recycling of Spent Al₂O₃-Based Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3216.

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Under the premise of comprehensive recycling valuable metals, a novel technology was developed to extract vanadium from spent Al2O3-based catalyst. Mixture of spent catalyst and sodium carbonate was roasted at 1000°C for 30 min with the mol ratio of Na2O to (Al2O3 + V2O5 + MoO3) as 1.15, after water leaching, 97.3% of vanadium could be extracted. With CaO addition of 25 g/L and reacting at 90°C for 4 h, 98.6% of vanadium in sodium aluminate solution was precipitated as desilication residue. The desilication residue was leached at 80°C for 45 min with sodium bicarbonate concentration of 100 g/L and L/S of 4 mL/g, over 96.4% of vanadium could be leached. By two purification steps with addition of 30 wt.% H2SO4 and Mg(NO3)2, respectively, over 99% of Al, 96% of Si, 93% of P and 95% of As were removed from leach liquor. Adding 50 g/L NH4NO3 to the purified leach liquor and adjusting pH to 8.2, 99.8% of vanadium could be precipitated as ammonium metavanadate. After calcination, the purity of V2O5 product was 98.25%. In the whole process, up to 88.7% of vanadium could be recovered from the spent catalyst.

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46

Campbell, C. A., F. Selles, R. De Jong, R. P. Zentner, C. Hamel, R. Lemke, P. G. Jefferson, and B. G. McConkey. "Effect of crop rotations on NO3 leached over 17 years in a medium-textured Brown Chernozem." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-007.

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High NO3 concentration in drinking water can be a health hazard, but properly fertilized rotations containing cereals and pulses or perennial grasses reduce the risk of NO3 leaching. Over fertilization, and sometimes under fertilization, frequent summer fallowing, and use of legume green manure may increase the risk of NO3 leaching in subhumid areas. We used a crop rotation study, initiated in 1987 on a medium-textured Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, to determine the influence of cropping frequency, legume green manure, wheat class and grass hay crop on NO3-N leached beyond the rooting depth of cereals (1.2 m) after 17 yr. Nitrate distribution in the soil to 2.4 m was measured in 1987 and again in 2003. All rotations received N and P fertilizer based on soil tests, and were generally managed using no-tillage. The period had 4% more precipitation than the long-term average (367 mm) with 5 yr exceeding the average by >13%. A comparison of NO3-N content below 1.2 m depth in 1987 and 2003 showed no significant (P < 0.05) leaching has occurred, although the legume (Lens culinaris L.) green manure-wheat-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system showed evidence it may eventually leach NO3. Contrary to expectations, continuous-wheat, because of higher N applied and possibly because net N mineralization is small under no-tillage, tended to leach more NO3 than fallow-containing rotations (P = 0.09). Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn) reduced NO3 content to 2.4 m because it is a perennial with deep and extensive roots. There was no effect of wheat class on the amount of NO3 leached. Key words: Cropping frequency, wheat class, lentil green manure, crested wheatgrass

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47

Mäkinen, Jarno, Päivi Kinnunen, Mona Arnold, Outi Priha, and Tuija Sarlin. "Fluoride Toxicity in Bioleaching of Fluorapatite." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.406.

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The use of biohydrometallurgical processes may be restricted by microbial inhibition due to inhibiting fluoride originating from the feed material. In this work, phosphorus bioleaching experiments on fluorapatite ore were conducted in a reactor using Fe-and S-oxidizing bacteria, resulting in 56 % leaching yield for P, despite abundant (800 mg l-1) F in the pregnant leach solution. In further F toxicity experiments it was observed that aluminum had a significant role in decreasing the inhibition caused by F, by producing stable complexes with Al. The bioleached ore contained plenty of Al, explaining why bioleaching was not strongly inhibited.

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48

Lumen, Ryan, and Marcin Jan Kamiński. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology." ZooKeys 1138 (January 5, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.

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Анотація:

The genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae, Platynotini, Eurynotina) is revised. Two new species and one new synonymy are presented along with new diagnoses, descriptions, a distribution map, and key to species. The resulting species of Phylacastus are: P. ancoraliumsp. nov., P. crypticoides Koch (= P. pretoriensis Koch syn. nov.), P. makskacymirowisp. nov., P. rhodesianus Koch, and P. striolatus Fairmaire. Lectotypes are designated for the type species, P. striolatus, to fix the taxonomic status of the species and genus. As a result of examination and subsequent description of P. ancoraliumsp. nov., a brief review and treatment of aedeagal morphology is presented. The nomenclature (“clavae” versus “laciniae”) and phylogenetic occurrence of accessory structures of the paramere-median lobe area within Blaptinae Leach and Adelinina LeConte (Diaperinae, Diaperini) are discussed. New descriptive terminology (i.e., ancora [singular] and ancorae [plural]) is proposed for these aedeagal structures in Blaptinae to clarify their function and resolve past ambiguities. The morphology within representatives of Adelina Dejean, Alphitophagus Stephens, Gnatocerus Thunberg, and Sitophagus Mulsant is also briefly contrasted and outlined.

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49

Digweed, Scott C., Chris J. K. MacQuarrie, David W. Langor, Daryl J. M. Williams, John R. Spence, Kathryn L. Nystrom, and Louis Morneau. "Current status of invasive alien birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with keys to species." Canadian Entomologist 141, no. 3 (June 2009): 201–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n09-003.

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AbstractIn the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification.

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Murariu, Dumitru, and Victor Gheorghiu. "Şura Mare cave (Romania) - the most important known hibernating roost for Pipistrellus pygmaeus Leach, 1825 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10191-010-0023-6.

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Şura Mare cave (Romania) - the most important known hibernating roost for Pipistrellus pygmaeus Leach, 1825 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) The Sura Mare cave from Romania is one of the largest roost for hibernating colonies of bats with more than 40,000 individuals. Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus are prevalent species with more than 34,000 individuals in mixed colonies. Other 6 bat species are less represented (e.g. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum only 500 individuals) but Miniopterus schreibersii's colony counts 3,500 individuals. From the total of 8 identified bat species, 5 are a priority according to the European Union legislation: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis myotis, M. oxygnathus, Barbastella barbastellus and Miniopterus schreibersii.

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