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1
Bianco, Isabella, and Gian Andrea Blengini. "Production Chains of Soft-Weak Stones: Life Cycle Inventory of Techniques and Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dimension stone sector is more and more active in developing new solutions to improve the sustainability of its supply chain, partly as a consequence of the current EU policies on Circular Economy and Raw Materials. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recognized scientific tool for evaluating environmental impacts of the processes. Nevertheless, in the stone sector, LCA is hindered by the scarce availability of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the specific processes of the stone supply chain. This paper provides LCI datasets of the most common and widespread techniques and related technologies for quarrying, cutting and finishing soft-weak stones. To this aim primary data were collected in Italian marble quarries and processing plants and in companies producing cutting tools. When necessary, industry data were complemented with secondary data from literature. High replicability and flexibility of the datasets is obtained through the provision of Unit process inventories for each technology/technique and through the set of parameters. In addition, the uncertainty of the resulting LCI datasets has been evaluated with the well-established procedure of Ecoinvent pedigree matrix. The availability of these datasets contributes to the population of Life Cycle databases and is expected to boost the measurement and enhancement of the key aspects of sustainability in the stone sector.
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Silvestre, José Dinis, Ana Silva, and Jorge de Brito. "UNCERTAINTY MODELLING OF SERVICE LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE TO REDUCE RISK IN BUILDING DESIGN DECISIONS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.890649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly used to quantify the environmental impacts of construction materials. However, the relationship between the durability and LCA of these complex products with long life-cycles must be analysed in detail, namely using stochastic data from service life prediction (SLP) studies. However, SLP uncertainty is not yet considered in LCA, thus resulting in insufficiently sound decisions at the design stage. This paper presents the modelling of the uncertainty of SLP using advanced statistical methods and its application in the estimation of SL and corresponding number of replacements of claddings (renderings and stone claddings). These results are used in an interdisciplinary study of SLP and LCA to apply in the stochastic comparison of the LCA of claddings. This methodology aids in the choice of the option with better environmental performance right at the design stage, via the comparison of their standard, deterministic and stochastic LCA results.
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Núñez-Cárdenas, Pablo, Belén Diezma, Guillermo San Miguel, Constantino Valero, and Eva C. Correa. "Environmental LCA of Precision Agriculture for Stone Fruit Production." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Precision agriculture is a concept that encompasses various technologies aimed at optimizing the management of agricultural activities. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the environmental and economic performance of precision agriculture practices on the production of a stone fruit crop (nectarine) using a life cycle approach and to consider a cradle-to-farm gate scope. The results have been compared against the traditional uniform application (UA). The analysis considers five impact categories, including climate change, photochemical ozone formation, acidification, eutrophication, and water use. The foreground inventory data was provided by a local producer in Southern Spain, and the background information was sourced from commercial Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases. The results show that the manufacturing of crop inputs (mainly fertilizers, but also crop management inputs) is responsible for most of the damage generated in all the impact categories, except for water use. The reduced input requirements associated with the application of VA techniques resulted in significantly lower economic costs and environmental savings throughout the life cycle of the production system, which ranged on average between 12–26%.
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Ioannidou, D., S. Zerbi, and G. Habert. "When more is better – Comparative LCA of wall systems with stone." Building and Environment 82 (December 2014): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.10.004.
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Purnomo, Eko, Yazid Fanani, and Avellyn Shinthya Sari. "Analysis of The Relationship of Shipment Time and Productivity of Drilling Equipment and Transportation, Java Province." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2021.v2i1.2172.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PT. Agung Satriya Abadi is engaged in mining sand and stone which is formed by weathering deposits, located in Wonosunyo village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java. Companies that run in this category of rock mining generally have quite complex problems, one of which is in terms of time management which is considered less attention by some rock mining companies. In this study, several analyzes will be carried out and run the scientific method.The analysis carried out in this study uses statistical methods by displaying mathematical modeling and analysis of the relationship between circulation time and productivity in linear regression analysis. The data values that arise from the use of this mathematical-statistical method are the value (R2) = 0.8597 or 85% of the Doosan Giant Dx 520 Lca, then the value (R2) = 0.8459 or 84% of the Doosan Giant 300 Class, then Hino Ranger 500 Fm 260 Ti paired with Doosan Giant Dx 520 Lca has a value of (R2) = 0.9868 or 98%. And lastly, the Hino Ranger 500 Fm 260 Ti paired with the Doosan Giant 300 Class has a value of (R2) = 0.9886 or 98%.The data generated from each distribution time and productivity relationship from Doosan Giant Dx 520 Lca generates a difference value = 13,031 m3/hour, Doosan Giant 300 Class gives a difference value = 31.347 m3/hour, Hino Ranger 500 Fm 260 Ti against Doosan Giant Dx 520 Lca raises the difference value = 1,659 m3/hour, Hino Ranger 500 Fm 260 Ti against Doosan Giant 300 Class raises the difference value = 1,492 m3/hour.
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Kancheva, Yana D., and Roumiana A. Zaharieva. "End-of-life options for ceramic masonry units – environmental and performance-based perspective." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1276, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1276/1/012002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ceramic bricks are among the most used building material throughout human history for their excellent technical properties, abundance of raw materials and easy production. Huge quantity of brick waste is generated from demolition works at the end-of-life stage of buildings. Several scenarios within waste management hierarchy can be considered: a) preparing for reuse of bricks into masonry units for similar purposes; b) mechanical recycling (crushing, screening) to crushed stone for various applications -in backfilling, pavement, drainage works, which are examples of down-cycling or as concrete aggregate and as a component in blended binders which are examples of upcycling; c) disposal at inert waste landfills or used as a separation layer at municipal waste landfills. This study performs a life cycle assessment (LCA) of these three possible routes for ceramic waste and takes into account the relevant processes. The LCA results are calculated for the compulsory environmental indicators according to the methodology of EN 15804 along with the additional indicators assessing toxicity. The outcome of the LCA confirms that the most environmentally beneficial scenario is the reuse of bricks as it requires minimal activities for preparing. Technical feasibility issues and costs impact, associated to the three scenarios are also analysed. The conclusion is that an optimised and sustainable approach of bricks end-of-life shall be applied in order to boost the circularity in construction sector.
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Kerr, Jonathan, Scott Rayburg, Melissa Neave, and John Rodwell. "Comparative Analysis of the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Structural Stone, Concrete and Steel Construction Materials." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The manufacturing and construction industries have always been large contributors to global CO2 emissions, largely as a consequence of material choices. Two of the most commonly used building materials are concrete and steel, but both of these industries have been identified as large sources of atmospheric CO2. Therefore, reducing the use of these materials and finding alternatives to them that meet the engineering requirements of a design, while also minimizing emissions, is becoming increasingly important. Stone in its natural form is a zero-carbon emission material and has strong physical properties that make it a viable substitute for concrete and steel, across a range of applications. Yet research into the potential use of stone by the construction industry remains rare. The aim of this research is to investigate whether the use of stone as a building product is a feasible alternative in terms of carbon emissions. This study compares data from 11 Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) that provide Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) assessments of their considered product (i.e., types of dimensional stone, concrete, or steel). However, this research also highlights some shortcomings in the EPDs that point to a need for greater legitimate engagement with this tool, and for more consistency between the data being presented in EPDs. Global Warming Potential (GWP) data are compared between products to determine the difference in carbon emissions. The results indicate that GWP values for dimensional structural stone (135 kg.CO2/m3) are 45–75% lower than the concrete products considered in this investigation (246–514 kg.CO2/m3), and over 99% lower than certain steel products (22,294–29,202 kg.CO2/m3). This research indicates that stone is demonstrably better in terms of its GWP, and that a more extensive use of structural stone represents a key opportunity for the construction industry to reduce its CO2 emissions.
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Lim, Hyojin, Sungho Tae, and Seungjun Roh. "Major Building Materials in Terms of Environmental Impact Evaluation of School Buildings in South Korea." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to analyze the major building materials in terms of environmental impact evaluation of school buildings in South Korea. Three existing school buildings were selected as the analysis targets, and building materials were analyzed in terms of cumulative weight and six environmental impact categories (global warming potential, abiotic depletion potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone-layer depletion potential, and photochemical oxidation potential). The materials were analyzed from an environmental perspective after integrating the six environmental impact categories into the environmental costs. From the analysis, nine major building materials, including ready-mixed concrete, concrete bricks, aggregate, rebar, cement, stone, glass, insulating materials, and wood, were selected for the school buildings. These analysis results can be used as a streamlined evaluation of the environmental impacts of school buildings. It is thought that the simplified life cycle assessment will help make decisions considering environmental characteristics in the early stage of the construction project. Additionally, it will be possible to make LCA efficient in terms of time and cost, one of the largest constraints of the existing building LCA, and effective reduction in the environmental load.
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Mitterpach, Jozef, and Jozef Štefko. "An Environmental Impact of a Wooden and Brick House by the LCA Method." Key Engineering Materials 688 (April 2016): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.688.204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this paper thesis is to determine the environmental impact of two houses made of two alternative materials - a wooden and a brick house - using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). By comparing the material composition of their design to determine the environmental impacts of global warming, human health, consumption of resources and ecosystem quality. An overall comparison showed that the materials for the construction of a wooden house have less negative impact on the environment than materials for the construction of a brick house. Using the GWP method, results show that the materials for the construction of a brick house leave twice the carbon footprint in the environment than materials for a wooden house. This resultant state is mainly due to the use of natural materials in the wooden house (wood, fibre insulation), unlike the materials used in the brick house (ceramic masonry, insulation from stone wool) and so on.
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McGrew, W. C. "In search of the last common ancestor: new findings on wild chimpanzees." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1556 (October 27, 2010): 3267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modelling the behaviour of extinct hominins is essential in order to devise useful hypotheses of our species' evolutionary origins for testing in the palaeontological and archaeological records. One approach is to model the last common ancestor (LCA) of living apes and humans, based on current ethological and ecological knowledge of our closest living relations. Such referential modelling is based on rigorous, ongoing field studies of the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) and the bonobo ( Pan paniscus ). This paper reviews recent findings from nature, focusing on those with direct implications for hominin evolution, e.g. apes, using elementary technology to access basic resources such as food and water, or sheltering in caves or bathing as thermoregulatory adaptations. I give preference to studies that directly address key issues, such as whether stone artefacts are detectible before the Oldowan, based on the percussive technology of hammer and anvil use by living apes. Detailed comparative studies of chimpanzees living in varied habitats, from rainforest to savannah, reveal that some behavioural patterns are universal (e.g. shelter construction), while others show marked (e.g. extractive foraging) or nuanced (e.g. courtship) cross-populational variation. These findings allow us to distinguish between retained, primitive traits of the LCA versus derived ones in the human lineage.
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Ferreira, Ana, Manuel Duarte Pinheiro, Jorge de Brito, and Ricardo Mateus. "Embodied vs. Operational Energy and Carbon in Retail Building Shells: A Case Study in Portugal." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(1) Background: The embodied energy of building materials is a significant contributor to climate change, in tandem with the energy use intensity (EUI). Yet, studies on the material impacts of European retail buildings, namely with relation to EUI, are missing. Hence, this study set out to: (i) evaluate the embodied energy and carbon emissions for a European retail building; (ii) quantify the material flow in terms of mass; (iii) compare the embodied aspects to the operational EUI and carbon use intensity (CUI); (iv) assess building materials with higher impacts; and (v) investigate strategies to mitigate materials’ impacts. (2) Methods: A Portuguese retail building was selected as a case study. A simplified LCA method was followed (cradle-to-gate), analysing the shell building materials in terms of primary energy demand and global warming potential. (3) Results: the embodied energy represented 32% of total lifecycle energy while the embodied carbon represented 94%. EUI was 1×kWh/m2/y while CUI was 21 kg CO2eq/m2/y. The embodied energy was 4248 kWh/m2, and the embodied carbon was 1689 kg CO2eq/m2. Cement mortar, steel, concrete, and extruded polystyrene were the most intensive materials. (4) Conclusions: The embodied impacts of the analysed store could decrease by choosing stone wool sandwich panels for the facades instead of extruded polystyrene panels and roof systems with metal sheet coverings instead of bitumen materials.
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Rodriguez, Barbara X., Kathrina Simonen, Monica Huang, and Catherine De Wolf. "A taxonomy for Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA)." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-06-2018-0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of common parameters in existing tools that provide guidance to carry out Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA) and proposes a new taxonomy, a catalogue of parameters, for the definition of the goal and scope (G&S) in WBLCA. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis approach is used to identify, code and analyze parameters in existing WBLCA tools. Finally, a catalogue of parameters is organized into a new taxonomy. Findings In total, 650 distinct parameter names related to the definition of G&S from 16 WBLCAs tools available in North America, Europe and Australia are identified. Building on the analysis of existing taxonomies, a new taxonomy of 54 parameters is proposed in order to describe the G&S of WBLCA. Research limitations/implications The analysis of parameters in WBLCA tools does not include Green Building Rating Systems and is only limited to tools available in English. Practical implications This research is crucial in life cycle assessment (LCA) method harmonization and to serve as a stepping stone to the identification and categorization of parameters that could contribute to WBLCA comparison necessary to meet current global carbon goals. Social implications The proposed taxonomy enables architecture, engineering and construction practitioners to contribute to current WBLCA practice. Originality/value A study of common parameters in existing tools contributes to identifying the type of data that is required to describe buildings and contribute to build a standardized framework for LCA reporting, which would facilitate consistency across future studies and can serve as a checklist for practitioners when conducting the G&S stage of WBLCA.
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Bizarro, Diana Eliza Godoi, Zoran Steinmann, Isabel Nieuwenhuijse, Elisabeth Keijzer, and Mara Hauck. "Potential Carbon Footprint Reduction for Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Innovations: LCA Methodology, Best Available Technology, and Near-Future Reduction Potential." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031382.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The carbon footprints of asphalt mixtures with increasing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content were estimated using a life-cycle assessment methodology. Three asphalt mixtures with different applications and technical requirements, namely porous asphalt (PA), stone mastic asphalt (SMA), and asphalt concrete (AC), were included. The technology leaps needed to achieve asphalt mixtures containing up to 93% RAP were modelled. Mixtures containing up to 57% RAP were hot-mix asphalts (175 °C), while mixtures containing more RAP were produced at 135 °C and 105 °C. The energy requirements and their respective carbon footprints were calculated based on the heat capacity of the aggregates, RAP, and other bituminous materials. Furthermore, the effects of changing the country’s electricity mix were also evaluated. A potential carbon footprint reduction of between 55% and 64% was found for one tonne of asphalt containing 93% RAP and produced at 105 °C compared to the 0% RAP mixture produced at 175 °C. Considering the uncertainty of this technology at its early stage of development, the reduction could be as low as 45% or as high as 79%. Changing the electricity mix to one that is likely to be implemented until 2030 in the Netherlands further reduces the footprint by 10%.
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Ghanbari, Milad, Armin Monir Abbasi, and Mehdi Ravanshadnia. "Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Optimal Ratio of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Production." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7458285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Steady increase in overexploitation of stone quarries, generation of construction and demolition waste, and costs of preparing extra landfill space have become environmental and waste management challenges in metropolises. In this paper, aggregate production is studied in two scenarios: scenario 1 representing the production of natural aggregates (NA) and scenario 2 representing the production of recycled aggregates (RA). This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the objective is the environmental assessment (energy consumption and CO2 emission) and economic (cost) evaluation of these two scenarios, which is pursued by life-cycle assessment (LCA) method. In the second part, the results of the first part are used to estimate the optimal combination of production of NA and RA and thereby find an optimal solution (scenario) for a more eco-friendly aggregate production. The defined formulas and relationship are used to develop a model. The results of model validation show that the optimal ratio, in optimal scenario, is 50%. The results show that, compared to scenario 1, optimal scenario improves the energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and production cost by, respectively, 30%, 36%, and 31%, which demonstrate the effectiveness of this optimization.
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Suárez Silgado, Sindy Sofía, Lucrecia Janneth Calderon Valdiviezo, and Leandro Fernando Mahecha Vanegas. "Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and economic evaluation for construction and demolition waste: a Colombian case study." Earth Sciences Research Journal 25, no. 3 (October 27, 2021): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n3.82815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The construction industry consumes more raw materials and energy than any other economic activity and generates the largest fraction of waste, known as construction and demolition waste (CDW). This waste has significant environmental implications, most notably in South American countries such as Colombia, where it is handled inappropriately. This study evaluated the management processes currently used for fractions of construction and demolition waste generated in Ibagué (Colombia). The environmental impacts of the management of 1 kg of CDW were also calculated. Other CDW management alternatives were evaluated. The percentage of the fraction of the waste and the treatment or management processes used were modified to determine its environmental and economic viability. The information was obtained through telephone interviews and visits to recycling plants, construction companies, quarries, government entities, and inert landfills. It was completed with secondary sources and the Ecoinvent v.2.2 databases. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and the SimaPro 8 software were used to calculate the environmental impacts. An economic study of each management process and each alternative was also carried out. A comparison of the other options revealed the current choice contributes most to the environmental impacts in all categories. This study indicates that the most beneficial alternative in environmental and economic terms in Ibagué (Colombia) is where 100% of the metals are recovered, 100% of excavated earth is reused, and 100% of the stone waste is recycled (alternative 3). This alternative remained the most favorable when a sensitivity analysis was carried out with different distances (30 km and 50 km).
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Martinez-Soto, Aner, Gonzalo Valdes-Vidal, Alejandra Calabi-Floody, Constanza Avendaño-Vera, and Camila Martínez-Toledo. "Comparison of Environmental Loads of Fibers Used in the Manufacture of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixes Using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 14246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several authors have demonstrated improvements in the mechanical performance of asphalt mixes by including the use of fibers. However, it has also been reported that environmental assessments must address fiber use in asphalt mixes from the point of view of sustainability. In this study, a life cycle assessment is used to compare the use of four different fibers (fiberglass, polyester fiber, aramid fiber, and cellulose fiber) commonly used in hot mix asphalt (HMA) and stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes. Additionally, the use of textile fibers from end-of-life tires (FiTyre) is included in the comparison. The results show that in the five selected impact categories (climate change, terrestrial acidification, human toxicity, particulate matter emissions, and the exhaustion of nonrenewable fossil fuels), the use of FiTyre and cellulose fibers is more advantageous than existing traditional fibers (fiberglass, polyester fiber, and aramid fiber).
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Lanzillotta, M., E. Della Torre, C. Campochiaro, G. Mancuso, and L. Dagna. "SAT0528 CLINICAL PHENOTYPES OF IGG4-RELATED DISEASE REFLECT DIFFERENCES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES, SEROLOGICAL FINDINGS, AND PROGNOSTIC OUTCOMES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1221.1–1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:Four clinical phenotypes of IgG4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) have been recently identified by Latent Class Analysis (LCA) - Pancreato/biliary (Group 1); Retroperitoneum/Aortitis (Group 2); Head-and-neck limited (Group 3); Mickulicz/Systemic (Group 4) - but the relevance of this classification for patient management remains unknown (1,2).Objectives:We aimed to assess whether clinical judgment can replicate LCA classification and to evaluate potential differences in epidemiological features, serological findings, and disease outcomes between disease phenotypes.Methods:The study included 179 patients. Four IgG4-RD experts were asked to classify a validation cohort of 40 patients according to published LCA derived phenotypes based on clinical judgment. Agreement between LCA and clinical clustering was calculated. To assess differences among disease phenotypes, the following variables were recorded on additional 139 patients: serum IgG4 and IgE; inflammatory markers; eosinophils; plasmablasts; IgG4-RD Responder Index (RI); history of atopy, diabetes, osteoporosis, relapses, and tumors; cumulative dose of glucocorticoids and use of rituximab.Results:Clinical judgment recapitulated LCA classification with strong agreement between IgG4-RD experts (κ= 0.841, p < 0.0005). Group 1 showed the highest levels of serum IgG4 and IgE. Group 2 and 4 had the lowest and highest IgG4-RD RI, respectively (Table 1). Increased cumulative doses of glucocorticoids and higher relapse rate were observed in Group 3 (Fig 1). A higher incidence of diabetes mellitus was observed in Group 1 and 4.Table 1Clinical and serological characteristics of patients cohort.Group 1(59 pts - 45%)Group 2(29 pts - 22%)Group 3(25 pts - 19%)Group 4(18 pts - 14%)P valueFemale n° (%)12 (20%)8 (28%)11 (44%)5 (28%)0.18Age67 (61-73)61 (56-70)52 (40-62)57 (51-62)<0.0001Serum IgG4 (mg/dL)331 (184-575)155 (49-258)150 (80-255)282 (166-460)0.0009IgG4-RD RI9 (6-9)6 (6-9)9 (6-12)9 (6-13)0.004Definite diagnosis n° (%)20 (34%)18 (62%)20 (80%)10 (55%)0.0008Probable diagnosis n° (%)1 (0.59%)0 (0%)1 (0.19%)1 (0.14%)0.6Possible diagnosis n° (%)38 (64%)10 (34%)4 (16%)7 (39)0.0003Emergency Department n° (%)37 (63%)14 (48%)7 (28%)10 (55%)0.03History of atopy n° (%)7 (12%)4 (14%)7 (28%)6 (23%)0.09ESR (mm/h)20 (8-39)40 (14-59)38 (14-54)12 (8-21)0.04CRP (mg/L)5 (2-8)10 (3-52)8 (3-28)3 (2-6)0.03Eosinophils (cell/mm3)200 (200-500)200 (100-275)300 (200-475)200 (100-500)0.3IgE (U/mL)283 (97-723)69 (28-264)120 (41-412)219 (54-657)0.02Plasmablast (cell/mL)1765 (627-4000)1890 (1020- 4000)2000 (370- 4780)2690 (140-5130)0.99Diagnostic delay (months)4 (2-9)7 (4-12)10 (3-18)11 (2-38)0.04Starting prednisone dose(mg, range)60 (37-70)50 (40-75)65 (40-90)40 (30-70)0.8Diabetes at disease onset10 (17%)1 (3%)2 (8%)2 (11%)0.09Figure 1.Relapse free survival of the four different IgG4-RD phenotypes.Conclusion:Clinical phenotypes of IgG4-RD reflect differences in epidemiological features and prognostic outcomes.References:[1]Bledsoe JR, Della-Torre E, Rovati L, Deshpande V. IgG4-related disease: review of the histopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. APMIS. 2018;126:459-476.[2]Wallace ZS, Zhang Y, Perugino CA, Naden R, Choi HK, Stone JH; ACR/EULAR IgG4-RD Classification Criteria Committee. Clinical phenotypes of IgG4-related disease: an analysis of two international cross-sectional cohorts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:406-412.Disclosure of Interests:Marco Lanzillotta: None declared, Emanuel Della Torre: None declared, Corrado Campochiaro Speakers bureau: Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, SOBI, Gaia Mancuso: None declared, Lorenzo Dagna Grant/research support from: The Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR) received unresctricted research/educational grants from Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Merk Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and SOBI., Consultant of: Prof Lorenzo Dagna received consultation honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and SOBI.
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Tomporowski, Andrzej, Józef Flizikowski, Marek Opielak, Robert Kasner, and Weronika Kruszelnicka. "Assessment of Energy Use and Elimination of Co2 Emissions in the Life Cycle of an Offshore Wind Power Plant Farm." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0140.
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Abstract Power stations in marine locations cause multi-faceted impact on the environment, man and the economy. There are not many studies devoted to modeling energy benefits for CO2 emissions. The paper presents the issues of assessing the efficiency of offshore wind farms, defined as the ratio of benefits to life cycle inputs. The scientific goal was to develop a mathematical model for efficiency in the design, manufacture, use and management of offshore wind power. The papers practical purpose is the experimental designation of the impact of selected post-use management methods, time of use and maritime location, i.e. average annual productivity of wind power plants on the efficiency of energy benefits from greenhouse gas emissions. The mathematical model of the integrated cost-benefit ratio has been developed for energy use assessment, taking into account the benefits generated by electricity production and the life-cycle CO2 emissions based on the LCA analysis using the CML method. Mathematical model validation was performed by determining the value of the indicator for an existing 2 MW offshore wind farm and comparatively for fossil fuel production: lignite, stone, fuel oil and natural gas. Analytical and research work carried out showed that the higher the efficiency index, the higher the value of the indicator. It has been shown that the location of the power station at sea produces more favorable CO2 elimination rates, due to higher productivity compared to in-land wind power plants. A more favorable form of post-consumer management for CO2 has been determined as recycling. It was found that for electricity generated from offshore wind farms, the value of the energy efficiency benefit from CO2 emissions is higher than for fossil fuel energy production.
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Pineda-Moncusí, M., V. Y. Strauss, D. E. Robinson, S. Swain, J. Runhaar, A. Kamps, A. Dell’isola, et al. "POS1124 EVALUATION OF COMORBIDITY PATTERNS AND IDENTIFICATION OF SUB-GROUPS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS IN 94,720 PATIENTS FROM SPAIN." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 890.2–891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3121.
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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) patients are more likely to have other comorbidities (Swain, Sarmanova et al. 2020). Improving the understanding of comorbidity profiles of OA patients may lead to improvement in their clinical care.ObjectivesTo identify sub-groups in patients diagnosed with hip OA using patterns of comorbidity.MethodsRoutinely-collected data of individuals ≥18 years with an incident diagnosis of hip OA (baseline/time of diagnosis), with at least 1 year of follow-up in SIDIAP (Information System for Research in Primary Care, a primary case database from Spain) were collected from January 1st 2006 to June 31st 2020. Those with soft-tissue disorders or other bone/cartilage diseases at the same joint in the year prior/after baseline were excluded. Comorbidities associated with OA in the literature and present in ≥1% of the study population were included. Clusters of comorbidities were identified at baseline using latent class analysis (LCA), a soft clustering method that classifies individuals according to the distribution of their measured items. The number of clusters or sub-groups within the study population was decided by comparing goodness of fit parameters (CAIC, BIC, ABIC) and log-likelihood changes of models from 2 to 8 clusters. The selected model was externally evaluated by a survival analysis assessing 10 years mortality within each cluster, where the weight of the posterior probability was used as a probability of sampling weight.ResultsWe identified 94,720 individuals with an incident diagnosis of hip OA, 56.3% women and 43.7% men, with a mean age (SD) of 67.2 (13.1) years. We selected the LCA model with 5 clusters that could be described as: healthier (lower prevalence of all comorbidities than average in the cohort), multimorbidity (higher prevalence of all comorbidities, multiple comorbidities), back/neck pain plus mental health (B/N-mental), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (Figure 1). Cox regression (HR [95CI%]) showed higher mortality risk for multimorbidity (3.76 [3.70-3.83]), CVD (1.56 [1.53-1.59]) and MetS (4.56 [4.35-4.78]), compared to healthy. No difference was observed for B/N-mental cluster.Figure 1.Distribution of comorbidities within each cluster using latent class analysis. Clusters were described as Healthier, Multimorbidity, B/N-mental, CVD and MetS. Black horizontal lines represent the prevalence of the comorbidity before the clusterization. Abbreviations: Healthier, lower prevalence of all comorbidities; Multimorbidity, higher prevalence of all comorbidities; B/N-mental, back/neck pain plus mental health disorders; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Met, metabolic syndrome; Bhp, benign prostate hypertrophy; Chd, chronic heart disease; Chf, chronic heart failure; Ckd, chronic kidney disease; Copd, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Gbs, gall bladder stone; Gerd, gastroesophageal reflux disease; Ibd, inflammatory bowel disease; Ovd, other vessel diseases; Substance, substance abuse.ConclusionClustering of co-morbidities in hip OA patients at the time of diagnosis has the potential to detect sub-groups of hip OA patients who might require additional care.References[1]Swain, S., A. Sarmanova, C. Coupland, M. Doherty and W. Zhang (2020). “Comorbidities in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.” Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 72(7): 991-1000.AcknowledgementsWe thank the Patient Research Participants (PRP) members Jenny Cockshull, Stevie Vanhegan, and Irene Pitsillidou for their involvement since the beginning of the project. We would like to thank the FOREUM for financially supporting the research.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Zhang, Xianggang, Dapeng Deng, and Jianhui Yang. "Mechanical Properties and Conversion Relations of Strength Indexes for Stone/Sand-Lightweight Aggregate Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (September 17, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5402953.
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This is a study of the basic mechanical properties of specified density shale aggregate concrete, which is based on different replacement rates in stone-lightweight aggregate concrete (stone-LAC) and sand-lightweight aggregate concrete (sand-LAC). They were prepared by replacing the ceramsite and pottery sand with stone and river sand, respectively. Many tests were performed regarding the basic mechanical property indexes, including tests of cube compressive strength, axial compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The failure modes of specified density shale aggregate concrete were obtained. The effects of replacement rates on the mechanical property indexes of specified density shale aggregate concrete were analyzed. Calculation models were implemented for elastic modulus, for the conversion relations between the axial compressive strength and the cube compressive strength, and for the relations between the tension-compression ratio and Poisson’s ratio. It was shown that when the replacement rate of stone or river sand increased from 0% to 100%, the cube compressive strength of stone-LAC and sand-LAC increased, respectively, by 55% and 25%, the axial compressive strength increased, respectively, by 91% and 72%, splitting tensile strength increased, respectively, by 99% and 44%, and the flexural strength increased, respectively, by 46% and 26%. Similarly, the elastic modulus of stone-LAC and sand-LAC increased, respectively, by 16% and 30%. However, Poisson’s ratio for stone-LAC decreased first and then increased, eventually increased by 11%; Poisson’s ratio for sand-LAC only reduced gradually, eventually reduced by 67%. After introducing the influence parameter for the replacement rate, the established calculation models become simple and practical, and the calculation accuracies are favorable.
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ISHIZAKA, Kazuaki, Katsumi MURAYAMA, and Norihiro ITSUBO. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Pellet Stove." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 3, no. 1 (2007): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.3.45.
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Munoz-Martinez, Francisco, Jose L. Abellan, Manuel E. Acacio, and Tushar Krishna. "STONNE: Enabling Cycle-Level Microarchitectural Simulation for DNN Inference Accelerators." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lca.2021.3097253.
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Shieh, Chih-Hui, Yingzi Xu, and I.-Ling Ling. "How location-based advertising elicits in-store purchase." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 4 (August 12, 2019): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-03-2018-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how location-based advertising (LBA) elicits in-store purchase intention. To deepen the understanding of LBA’s effect on consumers’ purchase decision, the research examines the role of consumers’ time consciousness in click intention in pull or opt-out LBA approaches. The study also explores how consumers react to LBA with an asymmetric dominance decoy versus a compromise decoy message. Design/methodology/approach Two field experiments were conducted, and a total of 363 volunteers within 3 km of a shopping mall participated. The participants were asked to turn on their global positioning system and then informed that a convenience store was planning to launch a mobile coupon subscription service. Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance, regression analysis, bootstrapping and spotlight tests. Findings The results demonstrate that consumers had a higher intention to click pull LBA than to click opt-out push LBA. Consumers with high time-consciousness had greater click intentions for pull LBA than for opt-out push LBA. Consumers with low time-consciousness, however, showed no difference in click intention for either LBA approach. Further, click intention mediates the effect of LBA on in-store purchase intention, and the asymmetric dominance decoy message is a more powerful strategy for LBA to increase the likelihood of in-store purchase. Originality/value This research provides insight into location-based services marketing by revealing how time-consciousness and decoy promotional messages affect consumers’ reaction to LBA and in-store purchase intentions. The findings offer practical suggestions for retailers on how to reach and engage with consumers more effectively through the use of LBA.
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Pesaralanka, Vyshnavi, and Veerendrakumar C. Khed. "Flowability and Compressive Strength of Lime Stone Calcinated Clay Cement based ECC." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012084.
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Abstract This article helps to determine the exact flowable behaviour and compressive strength of Lime stone calcinated clay cement based Engineered cementitious composite. To make more sustainable and flowable ECC, cement is replaced with lime stone calcinated clay cement and PVA fibres are replaced with polypropylene fibres. Incorporation of fibres improves the toughness of casted specimen. Compressive strength test was performed to investigate the hardened property of ECC. In addition, flow table test was done to investigate the green properties of LC3 based ECC. Experimental studies showed higher flowability of the LC3 based ECC with PP fibre was at low fibre content. This research article recommends the use of LC3 based ECC with the pp fibre in case of self-compactable ECC with little modifications. Looking forward, further attempts could provide quite beneficial to the literature.
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Gil Fuensanta, Jesús, Alfredo Mederos Martín, and Otabek Uktamovich Muminov. "On the Post-Ubaid stratigraphy and complex architecture of the Birecik Dam Area (Turkish Euphrates): Surtepe and Tilbes-Körche Late Chalcolithic 1 levels." Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología, no. 46 (December 17, 2020): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2020.46.001.
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During the Later Prehistory of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and adjacent regions, a great cultural spread took place during the Late/Terminal Ubaid phases of Southern Mesopotamia. In the Northern Mesopotamian regions, it happened during the immediate pre-Late Chalcolithic phases. Excavations in Southeastern Turkey prove a continuity of Ubaid cultural traits at least during the earlier phases of the local Late Chalcolithic (LC1). Two archaeological sites, Surtepe and Tilbes-Körche, close to the Birecik Dam area (Turkish Euphrates) are presented and evaluated here. Surtepe höyük, a 8 ha Late Ubaid settlement that provided Coba bowls, has levels with painted pottery from the late Late Chalcolithic 1 or earlier LC 2 phases in an area of at least 4 hectares in south and southwestern slopes. The small site of Tilbes-Körche has probably a bigger inter-connected structure and no simple isolated buildings. Among the stone foundations we identify at least one tripartite premise with a surface over 90 m2 and two bipartite buildings. From the largest excavated unit (H3-H10) was recovered a stamp seal depicting a crosshatching motif and another token/stamp seal with 8 incised lines. Within LC1 or a transitional phase between it and LC2, the 18 % of the pottery found in the Tilbes-Körche buildings was painted and there is a huge abundance of unpainted bowls, which are about half the ceramic ensemble, many with traces of a wheel or slow-wheel, mass-produced bowls, various variants of LC1 flint scraped, and two that most resemble the so-called “flower pots”.
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Meyer, Victoria, Sassan Saatchi, David B. Clark, Michael Keller, Grégoire Vincent, António Ferraz, Fernando Espírito-Santo, Marcus V. N. d'Oliveira, Dahlia Kaki, and Jérôme Chave. "Canopy area of large trees explains aboveground biomass variations across neotropical forest landscapes." Biogeosciences 15, no. 11 (June 8, 2018): 3377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3377-2018.
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Abstract. Large tropical trees store significant amounts of carbon in woody components and their distribution plays an important role in forest carbon stocks and dynamics. Here, we explore the properties of a new lidar-derived index, the large tree canopy area (LCA) defined as the area occupied by canopy above a reference height. We hypothesize that this simple measure of forest structure representing the crown area of large canopy trees could consistently explain the landscape variations in forest volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) across a range of climate and edaphic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we assembled a unique dataset of high-resolution airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) and ground inventory data in nine undisturbed old-growth Neotropical forests, of which four had plots large enough (1 ha) to calibrate our model. We found that the LCA for trees greater than 27 m (∼ 25–30 m) in height and at least 100 m2 crown size in a unit area (1 ha), explains more than 75 % of total forest volume variations, irrespective of the forest biogeographic conditions. When weighted by average wood density of the stand, LCA can be used as an unbiased estimator of AGB across sites (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 46.02 Mg ha−1, bias = −0.63 Mg ha−1). Unlike other lidar-derived metrics with complex nonlinear relations to biomass, the relationship between LCA and AGB is linear and remains unique across forest types. A comparison with tree inventories across the study sites indicates that LCA correlates best with the crown area (or basal area) of trees with diameter greater than 50 cm. The spatial invariance of the LCA–AGB relationship across the Neotropics suggests a remarkable regularity of forest structure across the landscape and a new technique for systematic monitoring of large trees for their contribution to AGB and changes associated with selective logging, tree mortality and other types of tropical forest disturbance and dynamics.
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Sivridis, Efthimios, Alexandra Giatromanolaki, Georgia Karpathiou, Antonios Karpouzis, Constantin Kouskoukis, and Michael I. Koukourakis. "LC3A-Positive “Stone-Like” Structures in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas." American Journal of Dermatopathology 33, no. 3 (May 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0b013e3181f10de0.
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HIRAYU, Naoko, Koji TAKASE, Sayaka ITA, and Ayu WASHIZU. "Information of CO2 Emitted During the Sales Process by Store Characteristic and Product Category: A Case Study of Food Supermarkets." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 10, no. 1 (2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.10.25.
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Morgan, Anthony, Reid Grigg, and William Ampomah. "A Gate-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment for the CO2-EOR Operations at Farnsworth Unit (FWU)." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092499.
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the Farnsworth Unit’s (FWU) carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) operations were accounted for through a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) for a period of about 10 years, since start of injection to 2020, and predictions of 18 additional years of the CO2-EOR operation were made. The CO2 source for the FWU project has been 100% anthropogenically derived from the exhaust of an ethanol plant and a fertilizer plant. A cumulative amount of 5.25 × 106 tonnes of oil has been recovered through the injection of 1.64 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2, of which 92% was stored during the 10-year period. An LCA analysis conducted on the various unit emissions of the FWU process yielded a net negative (positive storage) of 1.31 × 106 tonnes of CO2 equivalent, representing 79% of purchased CO2. An optimized 18-year forecasted analysis estimated 86% storage of the forecasted 3.21 × 106 tonnes of purchased CO2 with an equivalent 2.90 × 106 tonnes of crude oil produced by 2038. Major contributors to emissions were flaring/venting and energy usage for equipment. Improvements on the energy efficiency of equipment would reduce emissions further but this could be challenging. Improvement of injection capacity and elimination of venting/flaring or fugitive gas are methods more likely to be utilized for reducing net emissions and are the cases used for the optimized scenario in this work. This LCA illustrated the potential for the CO2-EOR operations in the FWU to store more CO2 with minimal emissions.
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Hou, Shiwei, Hao Zhang, Yuzhe Zhang, Xin Chen, and Suyun Meng. "Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Rural Modified Raw-Soil Structures." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2839509.
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Based on the concept of environmental protection of solid waste utilization, material testing is conducted to achieve native improvement using coal gangue-based limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). Finite element (FE) models of rural raw-soil architecture with a colored-steel roof (RACSR) were established. The effect of modified soil type and seismic character on the vulnerability of single-story raw-soil structures was investigated using probabilistic seismic demand (PSD) analysis. The seismic response characteristics of 80 representative sequences were comparatively investigated when subjected to northwest clay (raw soil) of China, fiber and stone-improved clay (modified soil), and coal gangue-based limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3 soil). The maximum interstory drift angle (ISDAmax) was lower in the LC3 soil model and the modified soil model compared to the raw-soil model. The use of LC3 soil improves structural resistance and reduces the damage probability of a structure, and the influence of different ultimate failure states on the vulnerability of the raw-soil structure was studied.
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Liao, Wenjun, Li Sun, Chunlin Wang, Hui Huang, Jing Liu, Wangjun Liao, and Min Shi. "LC3A‐Positive “Stone‐Like” Structures Predict an Adverse Prognosis of Gastric Cancer." Anatomical Record 297, no. 4 (February 14, 2014): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.22895.
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Vilcekova, Silvia, Andrea Monokova, Ludmila Meciarova, and Iveta Selecka. "Methodological Evaluation of Family House with Different Thermo-Physical Parameters of Building Materials." Proceedings 2, no. 20 (October 19, 2018): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201277.
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Paper is focused on the assessment of two alternatives of family house from environmental performance. Environmental impact categories such as Global warming potential (GWP), Acidification potential (AP) and Eutrophication potential (EP) expressed as CO2eq, SO2eq and PO43−eq using the LCA assessment method are presented. Alternative solutions of building materials are also compared from phase shift of thermal oscillation. Results show that natural building materials are characterized by lower environmental impacts expressed as equivalent emissions of CO2 (6%), SO2 (24%) and PO43− (44%). The wood fiber board can store nearly 24 times more heat than the mineral wool. The wood fiber boards have a phase shift of thermal oscillation of 7–13 h, while other insulation materials only about 3–4 h.
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Miller, Ian, Emre Gençer, and Francis O’Sullivan. "A General Model for Estimating Emissions from Integrated Power Generation and Energy Storage. Case Study: Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Power and Wind Power with Batteries." Processes 6, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6120267.
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The penetration of renewable power generation is increasing at an unprecedented pace. While the operating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are negligible, their upstream emissions are not. The great challenge with the deployment of renewable power generators is their intermittent and variable nature. Current electric power systems balance these fluctuations primarily using natural gas fired power plants. Alternatively, these dynamics could be handled by the integration of energy storage technologies to store energy during renewable energy availability and discharge when needed. In this paper, we present a model for estimating emissions from integrated power generation and energy storage. The model applies to emissions of all pollutants, including greenhouse gases (GHGs), and to all storage technologies, including pumped hydroelectric and electrochemical storage. As a case study, the model is used to estimate the GHG emissions of electricity from systems that couple photovoltaic and wind generation with lithium-ion batteries (LBs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VFBs). To facilitate the case study, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of photovoltaic (PV) power, as well as a synthesis of existing wind power LCAs. The PV LCA is also used to estimate the emissions impact of a common PV practice that has not been comprehensively analyzed by LCA—solar tracking. The case study of renewables and battery storage indicates that PV and wind power remain much less carbon intensive than fossil-based generation, even when coupled with large amounts of LBs or VFBs. Even the most carbon intensive renewable power analyzed still emits only ~25% of the GHGs of the least carbon intensive mainstream fossil power. Lastly, we find that the pathway to minimize the GHG emissions of power from a coupled system depends upon the generator. Given low-emission generation (<50 gCO2e/kWh), the minimizing pathway is the storage technology with lowest production emissions (VFBs over LBs for our case study). Given high-emission generation (>200 gCO2e/kWh), the minimizing pathway is the storage technology with highest round-trip efficiency (LBs over VFBs).
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Xi, Shao-Yan, Jia-Bin Lu, Jie-Wei Chen, Yun Cao, Rong-Zhen Luo, Qiu-Liang Wu, and Mu-Yan Cai. "The “stone-like” pattern of LC3A expression and its clinicopathologic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 431, no. 4 (February 2013): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.151.
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Balestra, Carlos Eduardo Tino, Gustavo Savaris, Alberto Yoshihiro Nakano, and Ricardo Schneider. "Carbonation of concretes containing LC³ cements with different supplementary materials." Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 43, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p161.
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Due to the clinkerization process during the Portland cement production, large amounts of CO2 are emitted, increasing the effects related to climate change (approximately 5-10% of global CO2 emissions come from cement production), consequently, the seek for alternatives to mitigate these high emissions are necessary. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to partial replace of Portand clinker/cement has been the subject of different research, including the use of LC3 cements (Limestone Calcined Clay Cements), where up to 50% of Portland clinker can be replaced, however, cement industry has already used othersupplementary cementitious materials with pozzolanic activities in commercial cements. In this sense, this work evaluates the performance of concretes containing LC3 mixtures with the presence of different SCM (silica fume, fly ash, sugarcane bagasse ash and açaí stone ash) regarding durability issues by carbonation. The results showed that all concretes with LC3 presented higher carbonation fronts in relation to the reference concrete, with Portland cement, due to the lower availability of calcium to react with the CO2 that penetrates into the concrete pores, so the adoption of curing procedures and coatings are recommended.
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Ilari, Alessio, Sara Fabrizi, and Ester Foppa Pedretti. "European Hophornbeam Biomass for Energy Application: Influence of Different Production Processes and Heating Devices on Environmental Sustainability." Resources 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11020011.
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Environmental sustainability has recently shifted towards biodiversity protection via governmental and intergovernmental initiatives (e.g., the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, MA). The life cycle assessment, the widespread method for assessing environmental sustainability, was not created to evaluate impacts on biodiversity. However, several authors recognize its ability to estimate biodiversity loss drivers (impact indices on land use change and ecosystem). The study aims to apply LCA to the forest sector, precisely to the wood–energy chain of Hophornbeam, to cover suggestions of the MA for the biodiversity impact assessment. Six different scenarios for stove (3) and fireplace (3) wood production were analyzed, evaluating two baselines and four alternative scenarios, including sensitivity analyses related to transport distances for the raw materials. The functional unit is 1 MJ of energy. The fireplace combustion scenarios are relatively more sustainable than the stove ones are (2.95–3.21% less). The global warming potential (around 3 g CO2 eq/MJ) is consistent with current European directives on the sustainability of biofuels and scientific literature. The scenarios showed similarities regarding the impact of the categories related to MA drivers. Although biodiversity is protected by limiting forest management, some authors argue that for some species (e.g., Hophornbeam), a rational tree felling could produce biofuels, increasing biodiversity.
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Klein, P. W. "L.A. Stone-Ferrier, Images of textiles. The weave of seventeenth-century Dutch art and society." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 102, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.2790.
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Johnson, Emma, and Andrius Plepys. "Product-Service Systems and Sustainability: Analysing the Environmental Impacts of Rental Clothing." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042118.
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Business models like product-service systems (PSSs) often recognise different sustainability goals and are seen as solutions for the impacts of consumption and fast fashion, but there is a lack of evidence supporting the environmental claims of such business models for clothing. The research aimed to understand if rental clothing business models such as PSSs have the environmental benefits often purported by quantifying the environmental impacts of rental formal dresses in a life-cycle assessment (LCA) in a case study in Stockholm, Sweden. The effects of varying consumer behaviour on the potential impact of a PSS vs. linear business model are explored through three functional units and 14 consumption scenarios. How users decide to engage with clothing PSSs dictates the environmental savings potential that a PSS can have, as shown in how many times consumers wear garments, how they use rental to substitute their purchasing or use needs, as well as how consumers travel to rental store locations.
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Staub, M., H. Thouement, C. Remy, U. Miehe, G. Grützmacher, P. Roche, E. Soyeux, and B. David. "Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water: life-cycle assessment of hybrid concepts for non-potable reuse." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.037.
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Aquifer recharge with reclaimed water is a promising means to store and supply on demand reclaimed water of high quality for further non-potable reuse. The reuse applications may include indirect agricultural or landscape irrigation, saltwater intrusion barriers, subsidence mitigation or aquifer replenishment. As an alternative to high-pressure or double-membrane systems, hybrid schemes consisting of a disinfection/filtration step prior to aquifer recharge were assessed in this study regarding their environmental footprint and energy efficiency. A simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA) for a hypothetical case study in a water-scarce country was conducted to compare these hybrid schemes to a double-membrane system working under similar conditions. The results show that there is a significant margin for lowering the environmental impact, energy demand and operational costs if non-potable water quality is targeted. While the hybrid schemes outperform high-pressure membranes for these factors, land footprint and final water quality also need to be considered in the choice of solution for specific conditions.
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DE GASPAR, IGNACIO, MARIA JOSE BLANQUEZ, BENITO FRAILE, RICARDO PANIAGUA, and MARIA ISABEL ARENAS. "The hatching gland cells of trout embryos: characterisation of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides." Journal of Anatomy 194, no. 1 (January 1999): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021878298004488.
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A histochemical, light and electron microscopy study of the hatching gland cells (HGCs) in incubated 50-d-old trout embryos is reported. The distribution of carbohydrate residues in the glycoconjugates of these cells was studied by means of a battery of 13 different lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (PNA, ConA, LCA, WGA, SBA, UEA-I, HPA, DBA) or digoxigenin (DSA, MAA, AAA, SNA, GNA). Identification of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides in HGCs was performed by application of both chemical and enzymatic treatments. Present results suggest that HGCs are seromucous cells which store both high choriolytic enzyme (HCE) and low choriolytic enzyme (LCE), and that their cytoplasmic granules, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex contain additional sialic acid-rich glycoproteins. The negative charge of these glycoproteins might be responsible for the rapid expansion of mucin to form a highly hydrated gel, which would facilite the action of these enzymes in programmed cell death and might play a major role during the morphogenic events.
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Sang, Hongrui, Rong Jiang, Zhipeng Wang, Yanmin Zhou, and Bin He. "A Novel Neural Multi-Store Memory Network for Autonomous Visual Navigation in Unknown Environment." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 7, no. 2 (April 2022): 2039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3140795.
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Elsafi, Mohamed, Nouf Almousa, Fahad I. Almasoud, Mansour Almurayshid, Amjad R. Alyahyawi, and M. I. Sayyed. "A Novel Epoxy Resin-Based Composite with Zirconium and Boron Oxides: An Investigation of Photon Attenuation." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have attempted to develop the gamma radiation shielding abilities of newly prepared epoxy composites by introducing ZrO2. The radiation shielding parameters are experimentally reported below. The experimental setup included an HPGe detector and different radioactive point sources which emitted photons with energies of 0.06, 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333 MeV. The gamma radiation shielding abilities of the epoxy composites were examined in the context of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), radiation absorption ratio, and other factors. The experimental and Phy-X results for the LAC were compared, and acceptable consistency was reported. The lowest LAC values were reported for EBZr-0 (free of ZrO2), and we found that the photon attenuation competence of the present epoxy improved as a result of increasing the ZrO2 content. We compared the LAC values for the present epoxy composites with other samples, and we found that the prepared composites with 20% to 40% ZrO2 had higher LAC values than epoxy with 30% Yahyali Stone. The HVL lengths of the epoxy composites reduced with the addition of ZrO2 for the four selected energies, which confirmed that introducing ZrO2 improves the radiation absorption abilities of epoxy composites. At 0.06 MeV, the HVL for the ZrO2-free epoxy was 2.60 cm, which fell to 0.23 cm after adding 40% ZrO2. The mean free path (MFP) for the prepared composites was less than 1 cm at 0.06 MeV (standard for EBZr-0), while it was 1.32 cm for EBZr-10. For the other energies, it was higher than 6 cm, and became higher than 10 cm at 1.333 MeV for all composites. The obtained results suggest that non-toxic, natural, and cheap epoxy composites with high ZrO2 content have the potential to improve the gamma ray shielding competence of epoxy composites for low energy radiation applications.
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Wang, Li, Wenli Xu, Qi Zhou, Bojin Xu, Yunlu Sheng, Minne Sun, Huanhuan Chen, Yucheng Wang, Guoxian Ding, and Yu Duan. "2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Induced Thyrocyte Autophagy by Promoting Calcium Influx via Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract PCB118, a 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl, has been shown to destroy thyroidal ultrastructure and induce thyrocyte autophagy. Previously, we reported that PCB118 promoted autophagosome formation in vivo and in vitro, but more details remain to be revealed. To explore the underlying mechanism by which PCB118 regulates thyrocyte autophagy, Fischer rat thyroid cell line-5 (FRTL-5) cells were exposed to different doses of PCB118 at 0, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 nM for 0–48 h. Western blot analysis of autophagy-related proteins P62, BECLIN1, and LC3 demonstrated that PCB118 induced autophagy formation in dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed PCB118 treatment led to time- and dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Additionally, PCB118 promoted store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel followed by significant increase of ORAI1 and STIM1 protein levels. On the other hand, PCB118 induced thyroidal autophagy via class III β-tubulin (TUBB3)/death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2)/myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC)/autophagy-related 9A (ATG9A) pathway in FRTL-5 cells. Pretreatment with SOCE inhibitor SKF96365 reduced cytosolic Ca2+, ORAI1, STIM1, and BECLIN1 levels as well as LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, while increased P62 expression. SKF96365 also inhibited TUBB3/DAPK2/MRLC/ATG9A pathway in FRTL-5 cells treated by PCB118. Our results provide evidence that PCB118 may induce thyroidal autophagy through TUBB3-related signaling pathway, and these effects are likely to be regulated by calcium influx via SOCE channel.
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Mohammed, Kedir, Oluma Gudina, Abubekir Jemal, and Anteneh Geremew. "THE COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE SUITABILITY OF CERAMIC WASTE AGGREGATE AND RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT AGGREGATE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR BASE COURSE MATERIAL." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (September 20, 2022): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4781.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aimed to assess the suitability of ceramic waste aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement aggregate as an alternative for base course material. An experimental research design method and Non-Probability sampling techniques were used. The comparative analysis of ceramic waste aggregate and recycled asphalt pavement aggregate were blended with crushed stone aggregate at different proportions by weight and their laboratory result was compared with standard specifications. The study results shown that the aggregate crushing value (ACV) for neat Crushed stone aggregate (CSA) and Recycle asphalt pavement (RAP) are 19.20% and 8.20% respectively and the blended CSA with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of RAP were 18.20%, 16.4%, 15.90%, 14.40%, and 13.10% respectively. Similarly, a 24.32% - 12.06% for Los Angeles abrasion (LAA) and 18.50% - 12.60% for aggregate impact value (AIV) were found to the lower and higher value in the range of the test result. The CBR test for a different proportion of RAP (10% - 50%) blended with CSA was also conducted and an economically acceptable result of 104.20% was found at 30% RAP mix at 98% maximum dry density (MDD). Additionally, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test result for 100%RAP at 98%MDD was 49.10%. On the other hand, the experimental tests were conducted on different proportions of Ceramic West aggregate (CWA) (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) which satisfy the principal mechanical properties of aggregate materials. The ACV result for neat CWA is 26.70% while the blended CWA- CSA aggregate was tested with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of CWA with its complement of CSA as indicated and at 20% CWA replacement of CSA test results were (21.60%, for ACV), (26.31% for LAA), (106.9 for CBR) and (20.60 for AIV). For this investigation an economically acceptable results were achieved by satisfying the Ethiopian road authority (ERA) standard specification limit at 20% CWA and 30% RAP blended with CSA for base course construction material.
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Ninda Nur Amalia and Heri Sujadmiko. "Diversity of Bryophytes in Plaosan Temple, Central Java." Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 13, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bib.v13i3.4944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bryophyte grows on various substrates, one of which is rock. Plaosan Temple is composed of andesite stone which has the potential to experience weathering caused by bryophyte. This research aims to determine the diversity of bryophyte, types and classifications of bryophyte, and to determine the bryophyte which are widely and evenly distributed in the rocks of Plaosan Temple, Central Java. Bryophytes samples were collected using the dry herbarium technique and identified at the Plant Systematics Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadrat method of 15 x 15 cm plots which were randomly distributed in 52 plots. The environmental parameters measured were air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener index. The results obtained 11 types of bryophytes grouped into two classes, namely Hepaticopsida and Bryopsida, including Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng., Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Brachymenium indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Lac., Cyathodium smaragdinum Schiffn., Fissidens atroviridis Besch., Fissidens virens Thwait. & Mitt., Fissidens zollingeri Mont., Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Hook.) Fleisch., Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeg., Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., and Riccia hasskarliana Steph. Bryophyte that is widely and evenly distributed is Barbula indica.
Keywords: bryophyte; diversity; andesite; Plaosan temple
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Yang, Fa, Bowen Guan, Jingyi Liu, Jiayu Wu, Jianan Liu, Chao Xie, and Rui Xiong. "An Investigation of the Polishing Behavior of Calcined Bauxite Aggregate." Coatings 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The application of top-grade calcined bauxite to improve the skid resistance of pavement surface coatings increases construction costs and causes excessive tire wear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the polishing behavior of different grades of calcined bauxite aggregate. The polished stone value of calcined bauxite was measured after the standard polishing time and the extended polishing time. The Los Angeles (L.A.) abrasion and the crushing value, profile roughness, hardness, X-ray diffraction, and micromorphology were also tested. The results showed that the calcined bauxite above 75# (the ratio of corundum to mullite by weight, C/M > 1) satisfied the requirement of the ultra-thin friction course. Compared with basalt, the calcined bauxite above 80# (C/M > 3) has better long-term skid resistance, even though the pavement surface is subject to heavier traffic. Due to the higher cohesion of lower porosity, more hard minerals to keep the surface roughness, and less soft minerals to smooth the surface roughness, calcined bauxite with a higher corundum content has the better skid resistance. There is a power law relationship between C/M and Polished Stone Value (PSV). Considering the diminishing returns of higher-grade calcined bauxite, it is necessary to accurately select the appropriate C/M of calcined bauxite before use in pavement surface coatings.
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Harish, Oruganti, and Mantha Srinivas. "Does Ratio of Width to Length of Left Atrial Appendage Determine the Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Stroke Event in Both Genders?" Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS 01, no. 02 (June 2016): 022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractObjective : To see the Left atrial appendage size (width and length) in ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients.Design and method: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was done in ischemic CVA patients after initial stabilization. We compared width length ratio(WLR) calculated from the average of width and length of LAA observed in earlier study by John P et al as controls. We chose this autopsy study as controls, as it is not possible to have TEE data in normal subjects.Results : Study group includes 143 patients (F:M::37:106) and control group was 400 subjects (F:M::200:200) from the previous study. The mean ± std of width and length of LAA in females and males in study group were 1.99±0.67, 2.397±0.58 and 2.19±0.73, 2.49±0.66 respectively. In females, WLR is more (0.83 ± 0.37) in study group than in control group (0.66±0.26) which is statistically significant (z=4.06, P < 0.000001). So also for males (study group: control group :: 0.88 ±0.39 : 0.71±0.28) which is also statistically significant (z=7.03, P < 0.000001). So, broad and short LAA could determine the formation and dislodgement of thrombus resulting in embolic stroke in both sexes.In conclusion, higher the width length ratio of left atrial appendage greater chances of embolic stoke.
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Mohammad, Abdalrahman Khaled, Charles Sumeray, Maximilian Richmond, Justin Hinshelwood, and Aritra Ghosh. "Assessing the Sustainability of Liquid Hydrogen for Future Hypersonic Aerospace Flight." Aerospace 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120801.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explored the applications of liquid hydrogen (LH2) in aerospace projects, followed by an investigation into the efficiency of ramjets, scramjets, and turbojets for hypersonic flight and the impact of grey, blue, and green hydrogen as an alternative to JP-7 and JP-8 (kerosene fuel). The advantage of LH2 as a propellant in the space sector has emerged from the relatively high energy density of hydrogen per unit volume, enabling it to store more energy compared to conventional fuels. Hydrogen also has the potential to decarbonise space flight as combustion of LH2 fuel produces zero carbon emissions. However, hydrogen is commonly found in hydrocarbons and water and thus it needs to be extracted from these molecular compounds before use. Only by considering the entire lifecycle of LH2 including the production phase can its sustainability be understood. The results of this study compared the predicted Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) emissions of the production of LH2 using grey, blue, and green hydrogen for 2030 with conventional fuel (JP-7 and JP-8) and revealed that the total carbon emissions over the lifecycle of LH2 were greater than kerosene-derived fuels.
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Patil, Dhaneshwar B., Moni Thomas, Anubha Upadhyay, A. K. Bajpai, Manish Bhan, and A. K. Bhowmick. "Harnessing Fuelwood from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp." International Journal of Economic Plants 9, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0454.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A two-year field trial on lac production on Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. was conducted on the research field of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh of India following randomized block design during 2019-20 and 2020-21. After harvest of C. cajan seeds and lac as cash crops, the left-over wood of C. cajan was evaluated for fuelwood (as an energy stove) for the small and marginal farm households. The mean dry weight of total fuelwood (including shoot+root) varied from 1196.67 to 1393.67 g plant-1 in pooled data. The estimated mean weight of total fuelwood (root+shoot) of C. cajan varied from 1447.98 to 1686.34 kg ha-1 in pooled mean of both the years. The value of total (shoot+root) dry fuelwood per plant varied from Rs. 7,239.85 to Rs. 8,431.70 in pooled mean of both the years. This total fuelwood can fulfill daily household requirement of fuelwood upto 3 years (891 to 1037 days) @ 4.06 kg day-1 household-1.
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Ghisellini, Patrizia, Amos Ncube, Gianni D’Ambrosio, Renato Passaro, and Sergio Ulgiati. "Potential Energy Savings from Circular Economy Scenarios Based on Construction and Agri-Food Waste in Italy." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 8561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, our aim was to explore the potential energy savings obtainable from the recycling of 1 tonne of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) generated in the Metropolitan City of Naples. The main fraction composing the functional unit are mixed C&DW, soil and stones, concrete, iron, steel and aluminium. The results evidence that the recycling option for the C&DW is better than landfilling as well as that the production of recycled aggregates is environmentally sustainable since the induced energy and environmental impacts are lower than the avoided energy and environmental impacts in the life cycle of recycled aggregates. This LCA study shows that the transition to the Circular Economy offers many opportunities for improving the energy and environmental performances of the construction sector in the life cycle of construction materials by means of internal recycling strategies (recycling C&DW into recycled aggregates, recycled steel, iron and aluminum) as well as external recycling by using input of other sectors (agri-food by-products) for the manufacturing of construction materials. In this way, the C&D sector also contributes to realizing the energy and bioeconomy transition by disentangling itself from fossil fuel dependence.