Дисертації з теми "Layout automation"
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Lööf, Kajsa. "Strategy for automation and layout change in production systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main objective of this thesis is to identify changes in Level of Automation (LoA) and layout which are correlated. The thesis is aiming to contribute in the progressing research in automation with a practical aspect which is important to manufacturers. A case study was conducted at Parker Hannifin since research material from 2007 was available of this production system. Data from two different points in time is a necessity to observe any correlation in LoAand layout changes. The thesis is also meant to document the production system at Parker Hannifin. The research questions which will be attempted to answer are the two following: How does an increase of LoA affect the layout? Is there a specific point in the LoA where the layout changes dramatically? What improvements can be made to secure quality in Parker Hannifin’s production system? The DYNAMO methodology has been developed to measure and obtain an accurate picture of information flow and automation in production systems. The DYNAMO methodology uses a reference scale to measure LoA. This scale is divided into two parts, mechanical and cognitive, as both areas are considered when automating a production system. It proved to be an effective and objective technique to measure ParkerHannifin’s production system and data could be analyzed and compared to the previous study from 2007 ofthe same production system. The result from the case study at Parker Hannifin showed that the total LoA had increased and the layouthad changed, however the two alterations were not correlated. The Parker Hannifin case was further analyzed and one other experience from Sandvik was illustrated to draw the conclusion that there is a specific point in the LoA where the layout changes dramatically. (1) A mechanical LoA alteration betweenvalue 1 and 4 does not in itself involve a layout change. (2) Alterations in which LoA increases to 5, 6 or 7will most likely be followed by a layout change. Exactly how the increase of LoA affects the layout is hard to tell. Layout changes due to LoA are an issue of factory space and material flow. Since layouts should be compatible with current production systems, LoAchanges which infer in the production system might need a different space to be situated in, be it more space, less space or just a diverse positioning. Since cognitive LoA changes more frequently require equipment small in size, they are assumed to seldom cause layout changes. Recommendations that have been specifically stated to improve the production system at Parker Hannifin: Make DFA a standard procedure Workshop for designers and assemblers to collaborate Designers join assembly line for half a day for assembly system understanding Color coding of slides to eliminate mistakes Place instructions visibly for assemblers to easily access at all times to eliminate mistakes Using DFA at the developing stage for all valves is particularly important to minimize the costs and quality issues and ensure a smoother assembly.
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Sundelin, Niklas. "Produktionsoptimering av Fladder-avgradningssystem : Framtagning av layout för materialhanteringen runt Fladder-avgradningssystem." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Detta examensarbete genomfördes för att undersöka hur materialhanteringen runt avgradningssystemet Fladder kan utvecklas och automatiseras. Behovet uppkom av dagens manuella hantering som är ineffektiv och tidskrävande och behöver därmed optimeras. Arbetet genomfördes med metodik från produktutvecklingsprocessen för att erbjuda layout-förslag på hur materialhantering kan förbättras. Först gjordes en förstudie där en datainsamling, litteraturstudie och nulägesanalys att identifiera behovet. Koncept genererades baserat på kraven på systemet och genom olika beslutsmatriser valdes två lösningar för vidareutveckling. Lösningarna granskades och analyserades mer i detalj och beräkningar på deras effektivitet och lönsamhet genomfördes. Lösningarna förfinades och mynnade ut i två layouter på hur materialhanteringen kan förbättras. Där slutkoncept 1 är ett enkelt system för situationen idag och slutkoncept 2 är en mer avancerad lösning för framtida investeringar.The bachelor thesis was performed to investigate how material handling around the deburring system Fladder can be developed and automated. The reason is due to today's manual handling which is inefficient and time consuming and therefore needs to be optimized. The work was carried out with methodology from the product development process to offer layout suggestions on how material handling can be improved. First, a feasibility study was conducted in which a data collection, literature study and current situation analysis were done to identify the needs. Concepts were generated based on the requirements of the system and through various decision matrices, two solutions were chosen for further development. The solutions were reviewed and analyzed in more detail and calculations of their efficiency and profitability were made. The solutions were refined and resulted in two layouts on how the material handling can be improved. The first concept is a simple system for the situation today and the second concept is a more advanced solution for future investments.
Betyg 2019-07-24
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Simon, Matthew. "Evaluation and automation of space habitat interior layouts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Future human exploration missions beyond Earth vicinity will be demanding, requiring highly efficient, mass-constrained systems to reduce overall mission costs and complexity. Additionally, long duration transits in space and lack of Earth abort opportunities will increase the physiological and psychological needs of the crew, which will require larger, more capable systems to ensure astronaut well-being. As a result, the objective of habitat design for these missions is to minimize mass and vehicle size while providing adequate space for all necessary equipment and a functional layout for crew health and productivity. Unfortunately, a literature review of methods for evaluating the performance of habitat interior layout designs (including human-in-the-loop mockup tests, in-depth computer-aided design evaluations, and subjective design evaluation studies) found that they are not currently compatible with the conceptual phase of design or optimization because of the qualitative nature of the comparisons and the significant time required to generate and evaluate each layout. Failure to consider interior layout design during conceptual design can lead to increased mass, compromised functionality, and increased risk to crew; particularly for the mass, cost, and volume-constrained long duration human missions to cislunar space and Mars currently being planned by NASA. A comprehensive and timely quantitative method to measure the effectiveness of interior layouts and track the complex, conflicting habitat design objectives earlier in the design process is desired.
A new, structured method and modeling framework to quickly measure the effectiveness of habitat interior designs is presented. This method allows for comparison of layouts at conceptual design and advances research in the previously unavailable capability to automate the generation of habitat interiors. This evaluation method features the development of a comprehensive list of quantifiable habitat layout evaluation criteria, the development of automatic methods to measure these criteria from a geometry model and designer inputs, and the application of systems engineering tools and numerical methods to construct a multi-objective value function measuring the overall habitat layout performance. In particular, this method featured the separation of subjective designer preferences and quantitative evaluation criteria measurements to speed layout evaluations and enable automation of interior layout design subject to a set of designer preferences. This method was implemented through the construction of a software tool utilizing geometry modeling coupled with collision detection techniques to identify favorable layouts subject to multiple constraints and objectives (e.g., minimize mass, maximize contiguous habitable volume, maximize task performance efficiency). Notional cis-lunar habitat layouts were evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Furthermore, stochastic optimization was applied to understand and address difficulties with automated layout design, particularly constraint implementation and convergence behavior. Findings from these investigations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Brito, Eliseu Silveira. "Aplicativo para modelamento 3D de layout celular com base em tecnologia de grupo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A constante evolução dos sistemas produtivos amplia a importância dada aos projetos de instalações industriais, onde os sistemas celulares possuem uma importância especial, pois tem maior tendência de utilização na atualidade pela engenharia industrial. O sistema celular adota conceitos de tecnologia de grupo, permitindo produzir pequenos lotes e ganhar vantagens econômicas semelhantes às obtidas com produção em massa, não perdendo a flexibilidade da produção por processo. Com a evolução da computação, sistemas integrados de apoio à decisão no planejamento e implantação destes projetos foram surgindo e auxiliando para se ter arranjos físicos adequados as novas exigências de produção, mas o custo de aquisição e desenvolvimento de softwares específicos ainda é bastante elevado. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução computacional para o projeto de células através do desenvolvimento de um aplicativo que traduz o resultado de um algoritmo de tecnologia de grupo em opções gráficas de diferentes concepções físicas para o layout da célula, propondo uma função integradora, associando-se uma biblioteca de modelos gráficos de máquinas-ferramenta para representar no chão-de-fábrica diferentes opções de fluxos para o layout. A interface, desenvolvida em Visual Basic, permite tanto o processamento do algoritmo para definição dos grupos de máquinas, baseado em análise de fluxo de produção, quanto a representação no sistema gráfico e interação necessária com banco de dados em padrão Microsoft Access. O modelamento é representado em ambiente gráfico do software Solid Edge, que permite a customização necessária para gerar, de modo automatizado, uma interface para o projeto de layout. Na definição das fronteiras dos agrupamentos, ou seja, na delimitação da célula, utiliza-se uma metodologia que os identifica automaticamente, sendo que na maioria dos trabalhos realizados anteriormente estes não previam rotinas automáticas, ficando geralmente a cargo do usuário esta identificação. O sistema desenvolvido tem aplicação como ferramenta no planejamento e projeto de layout, à medida que lança mão de recursos de uma plataforma gráfica comercial (CAD) para representar de modo automatizado, o resultado de algoritmos que normalmente seriam apenas informações textuais. Este trabalho complementa outras aplicações realizadas anteriormente que limitavam-se às definições de células, sem representá-las graficamente, além de possibilitar a escolha da forma de fluxo a ser assumida pela célula, representando um elemento importante para apoio à decisão a quem esteja projetando ou promovendo melhorias em um ambiente industrial.The constant evolution of production systems increases the importance given to industrial installation projects where the cellular systems have a special importance because of their strong trend to be used today by industrial engineering. The cellular system adopt concepts of group technology making it possible to produce small batches and gain economic advantages similar to those obtained with mass production without losing flexibility in the manufacturing process. With the evolution of computing, integrated systems that give support to the decision process in planning and implementing these designs arose and helped to have physical arrangements adequate for the new production requirements, but the cost of acquiring and developing specific software is still quite high. This paper presents a computational solution for the design of cells by developing an application that translates the result of a group technology algorithm into graphical options of different physical concepts for cell layout, proposing an integrative function, associating a library of machine-tool graphical models to represent on the plant floor different flow options for the layout. The interface is developed in Visual Basic and allows both the processing of the algorithm for defining groups of machines based on production flow analysis as well as a representation on the graphic system and interaction necessary with the database in a Microsoft Access standard. The modeling is represented in a graphical environment using Solid Edge software, which allows the customization needed to generate, in an automated manner, an interface for the layout design. When defining the boundaries of the clusters or limiting the cell, a methodology is used that automatically identifies them, and in most of the designs done previously they did not plan for automatic routines and often this identification became the responsibility of the user. The system developed has an application as an important tool in planning and designing the layout as it makes use of resources of a commercial graphics platform (CAD) to represent automatically the result of algorithms that would normally be just textual information. This paper complements other applications made before that were limited to the definitions of cells without representing them graphically, and makes it possible to choose the form of flow to be assumed by the cell, representing an important element in the decision making process for those who are designing or promoting improvements in an industrial environment.
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Vallander, Karolina, and Malin Lindblom. "Lean line layouts in highly automated machining environments : ensuring consideration to important aspects when designing line layouts." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to create a machining line layout that supports the principles of lean a systematic approach is needed to ensure that a wide range of factors are taken into consideration. Despite this, many companies today design new layouts mainly considering delivery times of machines and equipment, and available space in the factory. A combined literature and case study has aimed to identify the most important factors in a lean line layout and a supporting structure to apply these in the design or redesign of automated machining lines. Highly automated machining environments mainly distinguish themselves from the more thoroughly studied area of assembly line layouts in two ways. Primarily, automated machining lines separate the operator from the actual processing, making line balancing and productivity less dependent on the workstation design around the operator. Secondly, automated machining lines often involve a higher level of complexity, leading to a more comprehensive work load, requiring longer training times but also offering less repetitive assignments. Automation offers improved productivity, quality and ergonomics, but if the acquisition and allocation of automation is not substantiated by a well-developed strategy, automation risks contradicting lean principles by creating a more complex, rigid layout that places the machines in the center instead of the workers. Factors that are important in the design of the typically less automated assembly lines, such as minimizing the walking distance of the operator and rotating stations to provide meaningful work assignments, must in an automated machining environment give way to factors like visualization, material flow and maintenance. Visualizing a factory helps operators and managers learn and understand the factory better. Problems can be detected and corrected faster and disturbances in production can thus be reduced. A good material flow is straight with no intersecting flows, triggered by downstream demand and reduces unnecessary buffers and WIP that bind up capital and consume space. Finally, since the machines rather than the operators produce, a good maintenance is required to avoid unplanned stops. The value of teamwork and humans in production which are strongly advocated within lean remain important also in automated machining lines but acquires a new content compared to assembly lines. Teamwork in automated machining environments occur within a group of lines rather than in a single line and it is a major factor when it comes to competence development, production planning and worker satisfaction. While teamwork in assembly lines works to balance the production flow within the line, teamwork in automated machining lines has little or no effect on the line balancing. However, joint efforts in setups and in case of machine failures or worker absence help increasing productivity, and potentially smooth the production at the plant in its entirety. The empirical studies showed that there is no standardized way of working with machining line layout design and redesign, and factors considered were often coincidental and dependent on the functions and priorities of the participants at different layout meeting. To ensure that all factors are taken into consideration a supporting tool where the most important factors were divided into ten categories was developed. Layouts are evaluated and rated on one category at a time to support a systematic way of working. Ongoing discussions, adjustments and improvements to better comply with the factors are encouraged.
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Gavrell, Cecilia, and Ludvig Reuterswärd. "An Automated Process for Concrete Reinforcement Layout Design." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As many tasks considering structural design in civil engineering become digitalised, the possibility of creating a more effective workflow increases. The development of computer programs that can handle large amounts of data and assist the decision making during design process increases the requirement of the data management to fully utilize the potential of a digital workflow. The design of reinforcement layout of concrete structures is time demanding and often performed manually. These characteristics of a workflow indicates that it may be suitable to be subject to automation. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the potential and the difficulties of using automated design procedures in civil engineering with focus on reinforcement layout design. Specifically, the selection of straight rebars and their placement within concrete structures has been studied with respect to buildability and the amount of reinforcement used. A computer program has been developed to select rebar diameters and arrangement, satisfying the required amount of reinforcement as well as some of the rules according to the Eurocode standard. In order to find feasible solutions, an optimization of the amount of reinforcement as well as different measures of buildability is performed, using a genetic algorithm. The result from two case studies showed that the program managed to perform tasks similar to an engineer and create design solutions which reduced the amount of reinforcement and the number of rebar types. Furthermore, it was shown that consideration to the identified buildability parameters played an important role in finding an optimal solution. The findings indicate that the design of reinforcement layout may be automated and that a more effective workflow can be achieved.I takt med att fler delar av projekteringen av anläggningskonstruktioner blir digitaliserade ökar möjligheterna för att effektivisera arbetet. Utvecklandet av datorprogram som kan hantera mycket information och ge stöd till beslutsfattande ställer också krav på hanterandet av denna data för att utnyttja den fulla potentialen av ett digitaliserat arbetsflöde. Arbetsprocessen vid armering av betongkonstruktioner är tidskrävande och utförs idag ofta helt eller delvis för hand. Sådana processer bär karaktärsdrag som tyder på att de är lämpade för automatisering. Målet med studien är att undersöka problematiken kring att automatisera arbetsprocesser vid projektering av anläggningskonstruktioner med inriktning på armering av betongkonstruktioner. Specifikt, så har valet av raka armeringsjärn och dess placering i betongkonstruktioner studerats med avseende på byggbarhet och armeringsmängder. Ett datorprogram har utvecklats för att välja armeringsjärn och dess placering för ett givet behov och ett antal krav som ställs enligt Eurokod. För att hitta en möjlig lösning är problemet formulerat som en optimering av armeringsmängd och olika mått på byggbarhet. Optimeringen genomfördes med en genetisk algoritm. Resultatet från två fallstudier visar att programmet lyckades genomföra konstruktörens arbetsuppgifter och skapa lösningar som minskade mängden använd armering och antalet olika typer av armeringsjärn samtidigt som de identifierade måtten på byggbarhet främjades. Vidare visade resultatet att de identifierade byggbarhetsparametrarna spelade en viktig roll för att finna en optimal lösning. Detta indikerar att det är möjligt att automatisera denna process och att ett effektivare arbetsflöde kan erhållas.
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SAMPATH, HEMANTH KUMAR. "A MODULE GENERATION ENVIRONMENT FOR MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1052321882.
Повний текст джерела
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Marolt, Daniel [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze. "Layout automation in analog IC design with formalized and nonformalized expert knowledge / Daniel Marolt ; Betreuer: Jörg Schulze." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177800616/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Klevbrink, Anna-Charlotta. "Evaluation of Aptivia and a Place and Route tool." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master thesis tells about Aptivia, what it contains and how i works (inluding a manual). As well as problems with it.
It also consists of an evaluation of a Place and Route tool, telling the discovered problems with it and ideas for solving them.There is also several different descriptions of the code that implements the Place and Route tool.
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Ekebrand, Terese, and Nils Funke. "A Parameterizable Standard Cell Generator." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1712.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master thesis describes the creation of a fully parameterizable design tool, intended for automatic generation of standard cell layouts from basic schematic information. The thesis covers general background on programs for automatic layout generation, standard cells and basics in IC design. Algorithms commonly used in various parts of such programs are presented, and the ones used to implement the tool are described in depth.
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MEHTA, ADVAIT, and Mahalingam Subramanian. "Investigating the barriers to increase Levels of Automation. : A case study in pre-assembly of tap changer assembly line." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Produktionsutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overarching goal of this thesis is to investigate and explore the barriers that a company would face while increasing the Levels of Automation (LoA), in the preassembly production unit. To achieve the primary goal of investigating the barriers this study takes a threefold approach. Firstly, the current LoA was measured for the preassembly workstations. This measurement was conducted by incorporating an existing methodology adapted from the literature review known as DYNAMO++ methodology. This method is incorporated such that, the current LoA of the preassembly workstations could be measured and analysed. The current LoA of the preassembly workstations are analysed to investigate the potential workstations where LoA could be increased, in line with the company’s triggers for implementing automation. For this, experiences of the personnel’s belonging to the operational level of preassembly workstations were incorporated, to find the scope of improvements for increasing the LoA. Additionally, the company’s triggers for implementing automation was investigated from the managerial level. The research questions were answered by adapting an explorative, single case study method. Additionally, four types of data collection techniques were used, such as – interviews, focus groups, observations, and document analysis. Subsequently, source triangulation was adapted to analyse the data collected; to develop a comprehensive understanding of the barriers identified., Finally, the barriers faced by the company to increase LoA are identified by considering the implications that the improvement opportunities would impose upon the production systems environment. The identified barriers were then categorised further based on factors that exist internal as well as external to the production systems environment. The barriers identified in this study highlights various factors that the management must consider beforehand while initiating automation decisions in future automation projects in the preassembly area. Regardless of the barriers faced by the company, there are more opportunities to improve manufacturing processes through automation technologies. This thesis contributes to the knowledge of the factors that restrain the implementation of automation technologies and how companies could deal with it.
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Giovanardi, Samuele. "Study and development of an autonomous layout entering algorithm for an industrial AGV." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main topic of this thesis is the trajectory generation for the autonomous layout entering of an automated guided vehicle in an indoor environment. I specifically studied a control model for a quadricycle vehicle.
The thesis is structured in four chapters.
The first chapter illustrates the Shark vehicles produced by System Logistics S.p.a.. In particular, the chapter is centred on the explanation of kinematic model of quadricycle vehicle, introducing also a brief explanation of what is a layout and an introduction of what is the operating system that control the process (QNX). The second chapter explain in a detailed way what is the problem of autonomous layout entering, also called auto-nsertion, and the control methodology to manage it, showing in a detailed way all the steps starting from the consideration of the pose of the vehicle and the final pose to reach, considering also all the mechanical limitations. The third chapter shows all the simulative work carried out by means the Matlab and Simulink tools. It shows also all the results both with an ideal model and a real one and considering some disturbances and measurement errors. In the fourth chapter the real test are explicated by the use of a real test area and a real AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) with the Shark.
The conclusions highlight some considerations about the use of this method and some comparison with other possible methods.
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Kameswar, Rao Vaddina. "Evaluation of A Low-power Random Access Memory Generator." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7823.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, an existing RAM generator is analysed and evaluated. Some of the aspects that were considered in the evaluation are the optimization of the basic SRAM cell, how the RAM generator can be ported to newer technologys, automating the simulation process and the creation of the workflow for the energy model.
One of the main focus of this thesis work is to optimize the basic SRAM cell. The SRAM cell which is used in the RAM generator is not optimized for area nor power. A compact layout is suggested which saves a lot of area and power. The technology that is used to create the RAM generator is old and a suitable way to port it to newer technology has also been found.
To create an energy model one has to simulate a lot of memories with a lot of data. This cannot be done in the traditional way of simulating circuits using the GUI. Hence an automation procedure has been suggested which can be made to work to create energy models by simulating the memories comprehensively.
Finally, basic ground work has been initiated by creating a workflow for the creation of the energy model.
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Andersson, Mikaela, Henrik Johansson, and David Lindkvist. "Design av lagerlayout - En fallstudie med inriktning på ergonomi, effektivitet och flexibilitet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syftet med fallstudien var att undersöka vad Airshoppen Travel Retail kan tänka på viddesignen av sin nya lagerlayout. För att genomföra studien har en teoretisk modell tagits fram som fokuserar på hur företags layout kan designas. Med den teoretiska modellen analyseras först två verksamheters lagerlayout. I nästa steg användes analysen för att vidare analysera och ge rekommendationer till Airshoppen Travel Retail angående vad företaget kan tänka på vid designen av sin nya lagerlayout. Genomförda intervjuer och observationer visade att utvecklingen av lagerverksamheternas processer anpassades till, och begränsades av, platsbristen. Tidigare forskning talade för att designen av ett lager ska grundas i valet av system. Bristfällig design kan leda till höga kostnader, begränsad flexibilitet och minskad effektivitet. En intressant aspekt som studien lyfte var att den tidigare forskningen främst fokuserar på att minska travel distance, medans studiens empiriska underlag visade att företag främst fokuserade på att öka plocksäkerhet och produktivitet. Studiens resultat presenterades som en rekommendation för hur Airshoppen Travel Retail kan designa sin lagerlayout. Resultatet visade vikten av att välja system i samband med kontrollregler för att undvika låsningar i layouten, att plocka i zoner kan leda till ökad effektivitet. Slutligen krävs noggranna kalkyler för företaget att avgöra om automation är en nödvändig och lönsam investering.The purpose of the case study was to investigate what Airshoppen Travel Retail could take into consideration when designing their new warehouse layout. In order to carry out the study, a theoretical model was developed, the model focuses on how warehouse layout could be designed. The theoretical model analyzes the warehouse layout of two companies. The findings were then used to analyze and give recommendations to Airshoppen Travel Retail regarding what the company could take into consideration when designing their new warehouse layout. Interviews and observations showed that the development of the warehouses processes was adapted and limited by the lack of space in their warehouses. Previous research suggested that the design of a warehouse should be based on the choice of system, either manual or automatic. Inadequate design can lead to high costs, limited flexibility and reduced efficiency. An interesting aspect that the study highlighted was that the previous research mainly focuses on reducing travel distance, while the study's empirical basis showed that companies primarilyfocus on decreasing picking errors and increasing productivity. The results of the study were presented as recommendations to Airshoppen Travel Retail on how the company could design their new warehouse layout. The results showed the importance of choosing systems and control policies simultaneously to avoid limitations in the layout. Furthermore, with a manual system, implementation of zone picking could lead to increased efficiency. On a final note, careful calculations are required for the company to properly determine whether automation is a necessary and profitable investment.
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Donati, Giulio. "Analisi di fattibilità per l'ottimizzazione della produzione di Gimco - Bucci Industries Taiwan." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17436/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’obiettivo di questo elaborato consiste nella stesura di un’analisi di fattibilità per l’ottimizzazione della produzione e della logistica interna dello stabilimento Gimco, sede produttiva del gruppo Bucci Industries situata a Taiwan. In stretta collaborazione con la sede centrale IEMCA, dove ho svolto la prima parte del tirocinio per tesi, Gimco progetta, assembla e distribuisce diverse tipologie di caricatori automatici per barre da tornio. Il caso di studio appena citato è approfondito nei capitoli 2 e 3, dopo un capitolo in cui sono rapidamente definiti alcuni concetti, criteri generali e metodi qualitativi utili alla progettazione e alla gestione di sistemi logistici integrati e flessibili (ad esempio: definizione della funzione logistica, definizione di impianto industriale, progettazione di una linea flessibile di assemblaggio FAS, criteri per la progettazione del layout di impianti industriali, gestione a scorta dei materiali con modello del lotto economico EOQ).
Le linee guida da perseguire erano: incrementare l’area disponibile alle attività di assemblaggio e la capacità produttiva; ridurre la superficie destinata allo stoccaggio dei componenti e dei semilavorati ottimizzandone l’utilizzo;
ottimizzare il flusso dei materiali e la gestione degli operatori addetti al montaggio; ricercare un globale aumento di flessibilità ed elasticità del sistema produttivo.
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Кучеренко, Ольга Костянтинівна. "Система керування процесом відділення ретурної кальцинації гідрокарбонату натрію у виробництві кальцинованої соди". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/27106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Об’єкт розробки : система автоматизації відділення ретурної кальцинації гідрокарбонату натрію у виробництві кальцинованої сиди і зокрема система автоматизованого керування (САК) паровим кальцинатором (ПК).
Мета роботі: розробка і дослідження САК ПК, а також розробка загальної функціональної схеми виробництва соди, реалізованої на базі аналогових і дискретних засобів автоматизації.
На підставі процесів, що протікають у ПК, розроблено математичну модель ПК як об’єкт керування температурою сировини на його виході. Така модель описує ПК по каналу керування і каналу збурення.
Математичну модель ПК використаного для розробки та дослідження САК ПК.Object of development: the automation system of the returne calcination of sodium bicarbonate in the production of soda ash and in particular the automated control system (ACS) by a steam calciner (SC). The purpose of the work: the development and research of ACS SC, as well as the development of a common functional scheme of soda production, implemented on the basis of analog and discrete automation tools. Based on the processes occurring in the SC, a mathematical model of the PC was developed as an object of control of the temperature of the raw material at its output. This model describes the SC through the control channel and the channel of perturbation. The mathematical model of the SC used for the development and research of ACS SC.
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Yampratoom, Ed. "Automatic layout for pedigree diagram." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13061.
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Schoon, Benjamin Durant. "Fishpaper : automatic personalized newspaper layout." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 48).
by Benjamin Durant Schoon.
B.S.
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Chen, Zimin, and Huan Xie. "Kravbaserad layout - Algoritm för automatisk grafritning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I den här studien utformas och implementeras en prototyp av ett automatiskt grafritningsverktyg. Under processen analyseras och evalueras flera välkända och viktiga algoritmer. Algoritmen som används i prototypen modifieras och förbättras för att uppfylla företaget FindOuts speciella krav. Dessutom strävar vi efter att hitta förbättringar med avseende på visualisering och prestanda för algoritmer genom att studera aktuella arbeten. Genom litteraturoch empiriska studier, drar vi slutsatsen att Sugiyama-ramverket passar bäst för hierarkiska och liknande grafer. Den genererade grafritningen är stabil, läsbar och följer de flesta estetiska kriterier. Dessutom används kraftbaserad layout för att placera de icke sammanhängande delgraferna på lämpliga positioner. Attraktionsoch repulsionskraft mellan delgrafer gör att hela grafen blir kompakt utan överlappning, vilket är ett av företagets krav. Några problem såsom att lägga till nya noder och kanter är inte helt lösta på grund av konflikten mellan estetiska kriterier och användarkrav. Vi anser att en algoritm baserad på användarkrav är lämplig att integreras i en nästa generation av vår prototyp. En del av heuristiken kan också förbättras. Vi presenterar möjliga lösningar och föreslår att en noggrann jämförelse mellan olika algoritmer bör tas upp i framtida arbete.A prototype of an automatic graph drawing tool was designed and implemented in this thesis project. In this process various well-known and important algorithms were analyzed and evaluated. Algorithms applied in the prototype were modified and improved to fulfill FindOut’s special requirements. Besides this, a pursuit of an improvement on visualizations and performance of algorithms was conducted by studying the latest research works. Through these theoretical and empirical studies, we concluded that the Sugiyama framework is the most suitable algorithm to generate the workflow type of graph. The generated graphs are stable, readable and follows most aesthetic standards. Furthermore, force-directed algorithms were utilized to put graphs at appropriate positions. The attraction and repulsion force between sub-graphs can make the whole graph compact without overlapping, which fulfills the company’s requirement. However some of the problems, such as importing new nodes and edges, have not been perfectly resolved due to the conflict between the aesthetic and user requirements. Thus we think that a user-constraints based algorithm is suitable to be integrated into our next generation prototype. Some of the heuristics also have room for improvement. We discussed the possible solutions and suggested that a comparative study of different algorithms should be included in the future work.
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Caliano, Antonio. "Automatic layout Diplomarbeit 10. März 2003 /." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institut für Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme, 2003. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=89.
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Slade, Andrew John. "Automatic graph layout in software architecture." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429914.
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Mekonnen, Michael. "Automatic protoboard layout from circuit schematics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 101).
As an important component of the Circuits module of the first Introduction to Electrical Engineering and Computer Science course at MIT (6.01), students design and build several circuits over the course of three weeks. When working on the more intricate circuits, an unfortunately large proportion of students' lab time is spent on laying out the circuits on protoboards. This project introduces a new circuit schematic entry tool for 6.01, capable of automatically generating protoboard layouts for circuits that students may design in the course. The tool allows for students to build, analyze, and save circuit schematics through a graphical user interface and automatically generates protoboard layouts that are almost always easy to build and debug. The layout problem is solved by utilizing the A* search algorithm exactly as presented in 6.01.
by Michael Mekonnen.
M. Eng.
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Závodský, Martin. "Návrh robotické buňky pro výrobu plošných dílů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443246.
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This master’s thesis deals with the design of a robotic cell for the automation of woodworking machine tending. The task of the robot is to manipulate with the specified laminated chipboards of various sizes, before and after machining. The boards are brought to the cell on pallets in three possible placement variants. After a brief research part, conceptual designs of cell layout were created. The optimal and further elaborated design came as a result of selected evaluation criteria. The next part of the thesis consists of designs and selection processes of individual components. These were later used to create a simulation model in Tecnomatix Process Simulate software (Siemens), that helped to verify the functionality of the cell layout, design the control logic and acquire the time of the manipulation cycle used for informative calculation of annual production. In the end, the final design was evaluated from an economic point of view with an emphasis on the return of the initial investment.
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VIJAY, VIKAS. "A TOP-DOWN METHODOLOGY FOR SYNTHESIS OF RF CIRCUITS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100584283.
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Moura, Gisell Borges. "Síntese automática do leiaute usando o ASTRAN." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184645.
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O trabalho usa a síntese do leiaute através do ASTRAN em circuitos que foram otimizados através da técnica de SCCG (Static CMOS Complex Gates) visando alcançar reduções em número de transistores. A metodologia apresentada permite a flexibilidade de utilizar células de quaisquer tamanho ou redes de transistores nos circuito otimizados. O trabalho compara estes circuitos otimizados pela método do ASTRAN e circuitos utilizando a metodologia standard cell. O fluxo de síntese é composto pelas etapas de otimização da netlist, verificação/extração e caracterização da células. O trabalho adaptou as tecnologias de fabricação CMOS de 600nm e 180nm para a ferramenta ASTRAN a partir das informações dos design kits das bibliotecas stantard cell XC06 e XC018 da XFAB. A síntese do leiaute das células complexas geradas é realizada pela ferramenta ASTRAN. Os experimentos foram realizados nas tecnologias de 180nm e 600nm para um conjunto de circuitos de bechmarks do ITC’99. As comparações foram realizadas entre a netlist otimizada e duas netlists geradas para cada biblioteca da XFAB. Uma netlist abrange todas as células da biblioteca e a outra tem uma restrição de células que são consideradas complexas (somadores, multiplexadores, XOR/XNOR, AOI e OAI). A netlist com restrições foi elaborada com a motivação de verificar se uma netlist com células complexas geradas exclusivamente para o circuito alvo se tornaria mais benéfico em termos de redução do número de transistores. Os resultados para 180nm apresentaram reduções nos melhores casos em número de transistores com até 15%, em potência dinâmica com até 24% e em potência de leakage com até 22%. Os resultados para 600nm apresentaram reduções nos melhores casos em número de transistores com até 17%, em área com até 14%, em potência dinâmica com até 22%, em potência de leakage com até 29%. Os experimentos mostraram que é possível alcançar reduções em número de transistores ao combinar o uso do ASTRAN com a técnica de otimização pelo uso de SCCG.The work uses the synthesis of the layout through ASTRAN in circuits that have been optimized through the SCCG technique (Static CMOS Complex Gates) in order to achieve reductions in the number of transistors. The presented methodology allows the flexibility of using cells of any size or transistor networks in the optimized circuits. The work compares these circuits optimized by the ASTRAN method and circuits using the standard cell methodology. The synthesis flow is composed by the netlist optimization, verification / extraction and cell characterization steps. The work adapted 600nm and 180nm CMOS fabrication technologies for the ASTRAN tool from the design information of the XFAB standard cell XC06 and XC018 libraries. The synthesis of the complex cells generated is performed by the ASTRAN tool. The experiments were performed on the 180nm and 600nm technologies for a set of ITC'99 bechmarks circuits. Comparisons were made between the optimized netlist and two netlists generated for each XFAB library. A netlist covers all cells in the library and the other netlist has a restriction of cells that are considered complex (adders, multiplexers, XOR / XNOR, AOI, and OAI). The netlist with restrictions was designed with the motivation to check if a netlist with complex cells generated exclusively for the target circuit would become more beneficial in terms of reducing the number of transistors. The results for 180nm showed reductions in the best cases in the number of transistors with up to 15%, in dynamic power up to 24% and in leakage power with up to 22%. The results for 600nm showed reductions in the best cases in the number of transistors with up to 17%, in an area up to 14%, in dynamic power with up to 22%, in leakage power with up to 29%. The experiments showed that it is possible to achieve reductions in the number of transistors by combining the use of ASTRAN with the optimization technique using SCCG.
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Xu, Ken. "Automatic object layout using 2D constraints and semantics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62976.pdf.
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Stott, Jonathan. "Automatic Layout of Metro Maps Using Multicriteria Optimisation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499775.
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McDonald, Benjamin Thomas. "Automating the Layout of Image for Large, Shared Displays." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7012.
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Advances in display technology are increasing screen size and reducing their costs. Large, wall sized screens can be found in malls, public squares and office buildings displaying photos, videos, advertising, news and announcements. The audience of large displays in public, urban environments can be constantly changing and in this thesis we investigate applying automated layout algorithms to large displays to adapt layouts to changing audiences.
Abstract We review current automated layouts, discuss new challenges when applying automated layouts to large screens and present our design space for automated layouts. We investigate the human factors (such as attention, vision, and perception) and the system factors (such as display space and input devices) involved in automated layout for large displays.
Abstract This thesis presents the Viewer Aware Layout (VAL) system. VAL is a system that automates the layout of images on a large display and is designed to allow many users to collectively view images. VAL, and features of VAL, are tested for engagement and it is found that there is a significant increase in agreement by users with statements describing an engaging experience when VAL is applied to an image layout. This thesis concludes with a summary of the research contributions and proposes future areas of work.
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Šinkarovs, Artjoms. "Data layout types : a type-based approach to automatic data layout transformations for improved SIMD vectorisation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2880.
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The increasing complexity of modern hardware requires sophisticated programming techniques for programs to run efficiently. At the same time, increased power of modern hardware enables more advanced analyses to be included in compilers. This thesis focuses on one particular optimisation technique that improves utilisation of vector units. The foundation of this technique is the ability to chose memory mappings for data structures of a given program. Usually programming languages use a fixed layout for logical data structures in physical memory. Such a static mapping often has a negative effect on usability of vector units. In this thesis we consider a compiler for a programming language that allows every data structure in a program to have its own data layout. We make sure that data layouts across the program are sound, and most importantly we solve a problem of automatic data layout reconstruction. To consistently do this, we formulate this as a type inference problem, where type encodes a data layout for a given structure as well as implied program transformations. We prove that type-implied transformations preserve semantics of the original programs and we demonstrate significant performance improvements when targeting SIMD-capable architectures.
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Watanabe, Toyohide, and Xiaoou Huang. "Automatic acquisition of layout knowledge for understanding business cards." IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6913.
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Phillips, Shawn A. "Automating layout of reconfigurable subsystems for systems-on-a-chip /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5979.
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Wu, Patrick B. "A hierarchical design automation methodology for CMOS analogue IC layouts." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397726.
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Guan, Bingzhong. "Automatic layout generation of static CMOS combinational cells and blocks /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6059.
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Robinson, David Lyle. "Automatic Synthesis of VLSI Layout for Analog Continuous-time Filters." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automatic synthesis of digital VLSI layout has been available for many years. It has become a necessary part of the design industry as the window of time from conception to production shrinks with ever increasing competition. However, automatic synthesis of analog VLSI layout remains rare. With digital circuits, there is often room for signal drift. In a digital circuit, a signal can drift within a range before hitting the threshold which triggers a change in logic state. The effect of parasitic capacitances for the most part, hinders the timing margins of the signal, but not its functionality. The logic functionality is protected by the inherent noise immunity of digital circuits. With analog circuits, however, there is little room for drift. Parasitic influence directly affects signal integrity and the functionality of the circuit. The underlying problem automatic VLSI layout programs face is how to minimize this influence. This thesis describes a software tool that was written to show that the minimization of parasitic influence is possible in the case of automatic layout of continuous-time filters using transconductance-capacitor methods.
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Lazzari, Cristiano. "Transistor level automatic generation of radiation-hardened circuits." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tecnologias submicrônicas (DSM) têm inserido novos desafios ao projeto de circuitos devido a redução de geometrias, redução na tensão de alimentação, aumento da freqüência e aumento da densidade de lógica. Estas características reduzem significativamente a confiabilidade dos circuitos integrados devido a suscetibilidade a efeitos como crosstalk e acoplamento de substrato. Ainda, os efeitos da radiação são mais significantes devido as partículas com baixa energia começam a ser um problema em tecnologias DSM. Todas essas características enfatizam a necessidade de novas ferramentas de automação. Um dos objetivos desta tese é desenvolver novas ferramentas aptas a lidar com estes desafios. Esta tese é dividida em duas grandes contribuições. A primeira está relacionada com o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia com o objetivo de gerar circuitos otimizados em respeito ao atraso e ao consumo de potência. Um novo fluxo de projeto é apresentado na qual o circuito é otimizado no nível de transistor. Esta metodologia permite otimizar cada transistor de acordo com as capacitâncias associadas. Diferente da metodologia tradicional, o leiaute é gerado sob demanda depois do processo de otimização de transistores. Resultados mostram melhora de 11% em relação ao atraso dos circuitos e 30% de redução no consumo de potência em comparação à metodologia tradicional. A segunda contribuição está relacionada com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de geração de circuitos tolerantes a radiação. Uma técnica CWSP é usada para aplicar redundância temporal em elementos seqüenciais. Esta técnica apresenta baixa utilização de área, mas as penalidades no atraso estão totalmente relacionadas com a duração do pulso que se planeja atenuar. Além disso, uma nova metodologia de dimensionamento de transistores para falhas transientes é apresentada. A metodologia de dimensionamento é baseada em um modelo analítico. O modelo considera independente blocos de transistores PMOS e NMOS. Então, somente transistores diretamente relacionados à atenuação são dimensionados. Resultados mostram área, atraso e consumo de potência reduzido em comparação com as técnicas CWSP e TMR, permitindo o desenvolvimento de circuitos com alta freqüência.Deep submicron (DSM) technologies have increased the challenges in circuit designs due to geometry shrinking, power supply reduction, frequency increasing and high logic density. The reliability of integrated circuits is significantly reduced as a consequence of the susceptibility to crosstalk and substrate coupling. In addition, radiation effects are also more significant because particles with low energy, without importance in older technologies, start to be a problem in DSM technologies. All these characteristics emphasize the need for new Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools. One of the goals of this thesis is to develop EDA tools able to cope with these DSM challenges. This thesis is divided in two major contributions. The first contribution is related to the development of a new methodology able to generate optimized circuits in respect to timing and power consumption. A new design flow is proposed in which the circuit is optimized at transistor level. This methodology allows the optimization of every single transistor according to the capacitances associated to it. Different from the traditional standard cell approach, the layout is generated on demand after a transistor level optimization process. Results show an average 11% delay improvement and more than 30% power saving in comparison with the traditional design flow. The second contribution of this thesis is related with the development of techniques for radiation-hardened circuits. The Code Word State Preserving (CWSP) technique is used to apply timing redundancy into latches and flipflops. This technique presents low area overhead, but timing penalties are totally related with the glitch duration is being attenuated. Further, a new transistor sizing methodology for Single Event Transient (SET) attenuation is proposed. The sizing method is based on an analytic model. The model considers independently pull-up and pull-down blocks. Thus, only transistors directly related to the SET attenuation are sized. Results show smaller area, timing and power consumption overhead in comparison with TMR and CWSP techniques allowing the development of high frequency circuits, with lower area and power overhead.
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Lefebvre, Martin C. (Martin Claude) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Automatic generation of C.M.O.S. standard cell layout from logic level descriptions." Ottawa, 1986.
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Lazzari, Cristiano. "Automatic layout generation of static CMOS circuits targeting delay and power." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5690.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A crescente evolução das tecnologias de fabricação de circuitos integrados demanda o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas de CAD. O desenvolvimento tradicional de circuitos digitais a nível físico baseia-se em bibliotecas de células. Estas bibliotecas de células oferecem certa previsibilidade do comportamento elétrico do projeto devido à caracterização prévia das células. Além disto,diferentes versões para cada célula são requeridas de forma que características como atraso e consumo sejam atendidos, aumentando o número de células necessárias em uma bilioteca. A geração automática de leiautes é uma alternativa cada vez mais importante para a geracão baseada em células. Este método implementa transistores e conexões de acordo com padrões que são definidos em algoritmos sem as limitações impostas pelo uso de uma biblioteca de células. A previsibilidade em leiautes gerado automaticamente é oferecida por ferramentas de análise e estimativa. Estas ferramentas devem ser aptas a trabalhar com estimativas do leiaute e gerar informações relativas a atraso, potência e área. Este trabalho inclui a pesquisa de novos métodos de síntese física e a implementação de um gerador automático de leiautes cujas células são geradas no momento da síntese do leiaute. A pesquisa investiga diferentes estratégias de disposição dos componentes (transistores, contatos e conexões) em um leiaute e seus efeitos na ocupação de área e no atraso e de um circuito. A estratégia de leiaute utilizada aplica técnicas de otimização de atraso pela integração com uma técnicas de dimensionamento de transistores. Isto é feito de forma que o método de folding permita diferentes dimensionamentos para os transistores. As principais características da estratégia proposta neste trabalho são: linhas de alimentação entre bandas, roteamento sobre o leiaute (não são utilizados canais de roteamento) e geração de leiautes visando a redução do atraso do circuito pela aplicação da técnica de dimensionamento ao leiaute e redução do comprimento médio das conexões. O fato de permitir a implementação de qualquer combinação de equações lógicas, sem as restrições impostas pelo uso de uma biblioteca de células, permite a síntese de circuitos com uma otimização do número de transistores utilizados. Isto contribui para a diminuição de atrasos e do consumo, especialmente do consumo estático em circuitos submicrônicos. Comparações entre a estratégia proposta e outros métodos conhecidos são apresentadas de forma a validar a proposta apresentada.The evolution of integrated circuits technologies demands the development of new CAD tools. The traditional development of digital circuits at physical level is based in library of cells. These libraries of cells offer certain predictability of the electrical behavior of the design due to the previous characterization of the cells. Besides, different versions of each cell are required in such a way that delay and power consumption characteristics are taken into account, increasing the number of cells in a library. The automatic full custom layout generation is an alternative each time more important to cell based generation approaches. This strategy implements transistors and connections according patterns defined by algorithms. So, it is possible to implement any logic function avoiding the limitations of the library of cells. Tools of analysis and estimate must offer the predictability in automatic full custom layouts. These tools must be able to work with layout estimates and to generate information related to delay, power consumption and area occupation. This work includes the research of new methods of physical synthesis and the implementation of an automatic layout generation in which the cells are generated at the moment of the layout synthesis. The research investigates different strategies of elements disposition (transistors, contacts and connections) in a layout and their effects in the area occupation and circuit delay. The presented layout strategy applies delay optimization by the integration with a gate sizing technique. This is performed in such a way the folding method allows individual discrete sizing to transistors. The main characteristics of the proposed strategy are: power supply lines between rows, over the layout routing (channel routing is not used), circuit routing performed before layout generation and layout generation targeting delay reduction by the application of the sizing technique. The possibility to implement any logic function, without restrictions imposed by a library of cells, allows the circuit synthesis with optimization in the number of the transistors. This reduction in the number of transistors decreases the delay and power consumption, mainly the static power consumption in submicrometer circuits. Comparisons between the proposed strategy and other well-known methods are presented in such a way the proposed method is validated.
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Kadlec, Jaroslav. "Charakterizace Kódu pro Automatické Generování Uživatelského Rozhraní." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261250.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Práce představuje nový přístup v automatizovaném vytváření uživatelských rozhraní. Na základě taxonomie pro charakterizaci dat byla vyvinuta nová taxonomie pro charakterizaci kódu. Tato taxonomie označuje významné vlastnosti dat a kódu tak, aby ji bylo možné použít v procesu automatického vytvoření uživatelského rozhraní. Taxonomie je platformově nezávislá a může být uložena jako součást metadat nebo v externím souboru. Na základě taxonomie je představený proces automatického vytvoření uživatelského rozhraní s detailnějším popisem jednotlivých kroků. Celý proces generování uživatelského rozhraní je demonstrován na příkladech.
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Meister, Tilo. "Pinzuordnungs-Algorithmen zur Optimierung der Verdrahtbarkeit beim hierarchischen Layoutentwurf." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-96764.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sie entwickeln Entwurfssysteme für elektronische Baugruppen? Dann gehören für Sie die mit der Pinzuordnung verbundenen Optimierungskriterien - die Verdrahtbarkeit im Elektronikentwurf - zum Berufsalltag. Um die Verdrahtbarkeit unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten zu verbessern, werden in diesem Buch neu entwickelte Algorithmen vorgestellt. Sie ermöglichen erstmals die automatisierte Pinzuordnung für eine große Anzahl von Bauelementen in hochkomplexen Schaltungen. Alle Aspekte müssen in kürzester Zeit exakt erfasst, eingeschätzt und im Entwurfsprozess zu einem optimalen Ergebnis geführt werden. Die beschriebenen Methoden reduzieren den Entwicklungsaufwand für elektronische Systeme auf ein Minimum und ermöglichen intelligente Lösungen auf der Höhe der Zeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Optimierung der Pinzuordnung und die dafür notwendige Verdrahtbarkeitsvorhersage im hierarchischen Layoutentwurf. Dabei werden bekannte Methoden der Verdrahtbarkeitsvorhersage aus allen Schritten des Layoutentwurfs zusammengetragen, gegenübergestellt und auf ihre Eignung für die Pinzuordnung untersucht. Dies führt schließlich zur Entwicklung einer Vorhersagemethode, die speziell an die Anforderungen der Pinzuordnung angepasst ist. Die Pinzuordnung komplexer elektronischer Geräte ist bisher ein vorwiegend manueller Prozess. Es existieren also bereits Erfahrungen, welche jedoch weder formalisiert noch allgemein verfügbar sind. In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen werden Methoden der Pinzuordnung algorithmisch formuliert und damit einer Automatisierung zugeführt. Besondere Merkmale der Algorithmen sind ihre Einsetzbarkeit bereits während der Planung des Layouts, ihre Eignung für den hierarchisch gegliederten Layoutentwurf sowie ihre Fähigkeit, die Randbedingungen differenzieller Paare zu berücksichtigen. Die beiden untersuchten Aspekte der Pinzuordnung, Verdrahtbarkeitsvorhersage und Zuordnungsalgorithmen, werden schließlich zusammengeführt, indem die neue entwickelte Verdrahtbarkeitsbewertung zum Vergleichen und Auswählen der formulierten Zuordnungsalgorithmen zum Einsatz kommtThis work deals with the optimization of pin assignments for which an accurate routability prediction is a prerequisite. Therefore, this contribution introduces methods for routability prediction. The optimization of pin assignments, for which these methods are needed, is done after initial placement and before routing. Known methods of routability prediction are compiled, compared, and analyzed for their usability as part of the pin assignment step. These investigations lead to the development of a routability prediction method, which is adapted to the specific requirements of pin assignment. So far pin assignment of complex electronic devices has been a predominantly manual process. Hence, practical experience exists, yet, it had not been transferred to an algorithmic formulation. This contribution develops pin assignment methods in order to automate and improve pin assignment. Distinctive characteristics of the thereby developed algorithms are their usability during layout planning, their capability to integrate into a hierarchical design flow, and the consideration of differential pairs. Both aspects, routability prediction and assignment algorithms, are finally brought together by using the newly developed routability prediction to evaluate and select the assignment algorithms
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Elkington, Michael Philip. "The evolution and automation of sheet prepreg layup." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It became evident that Preshearing had simplified the layup process to such an extent that automation had become a more feasible option. Subsequently, a two stage automated process was developed. The preshearing was applied using a custom built press with blank holders around the perimeter to control shearing and prevent wrinkling by applying in-plane tension. A short study on the deformation of prepreg material showed that by heating the prepreg, the deformation could be held in the ply for over an hour after preshearing. Once the plies had been presheared they were passed on to a robotic layup cell based around an industrial six axis robot. Inspired by the way the human laminators used their hands alongside additional hard tools to adapt to different mould features, three bespoke end effectors were developed to tackle different geometric features. A large cylindrical roller was used to consolidate flat and convex regions, while a second ' discus ' shaped roller with a 60° angle at its outer edge was used to tackle tight concave corners. A third end effector was required to tackle tight doubly curved convex corners. A number of hard plastic based tools were trialled, but a hybrid of a silicone wedged tip with an aluminium core provided the right balance of high pressure and conformity. In combination, these three end effectors successfully completed a series of increasingly complex layup tasks. The robotic system was then combined with plies which had been presheared in the press, and an entire sample panel ply was laid-up without any human interaction other than transferring the ply from the press to the mould. Two complete three ply panels were laid-up with the automated system and cured into finished parts. The quality of these layups compared favourably to an additional example made by hand.
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Schulze, Christoph Daniel [Verfasser]. "Text in Diagrams: Challenges to and Opportunities of Automatic Layout. / Christoph Daniel Schulze." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/120172709X/34.
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Antinori, Luca. "Approccio dichiarativo alla generazione automatica del layout per testo a fronte su piattaforma web." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9699/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il contributo di questo lavoro è stata la realizzazione di un motore di layout specializzato per il
testo a fronte basato su paradigma dichiarativo chiamato Sider, che permette all'utente di generare
automaticamente layout a fronte anche complessi specificando direttamente le regole da utilizzare per
l'allineamento, riducendo drasticamente i problemi legati agli approcci tradizionali.
La scelta di seguire un approccio dichiarativo, è stata dettata dal fatto che è il paradigma
che permette di ottenere il miglior compromesso tra automatizzazione del layout e interazione utente
poiché per natura stessa del testo a fronte l'intervento umano non è totalmente eliminabile.
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Nikolaus, Ulrich, and Julia Dobroschke. "Automatic conversion of PDF-based, layout-oriented typesetting data to DAISY: potentials and limitations." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Only two percent of new books released in Germany are professionally edited for visually impaired people. However, more and more print publications are made available to the public in digital formats through online content delivery platforms like “libreka!”. The automatic conversion of such contents into DAISY would considerably increase the number of publications available in accessible formats. Still, most data available on “libreka!” is published as non-tagged PDF. In this paper, we examine the potential for automatic conversion of “libreka!”-based content into DAISY, while also analyzing the potentials and limitations of current conversion tools.
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Ray, William J. "Automatic layout techniques for the graphical editor in the Computer Aided Prototyping System (CAPS)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA341244.
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Xia, Hongxia Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electronics. "Transistor placement algorithm for automatic layout synthesis of CMOS/BiCMOS logic and interface circuits." Ottawa, 1993.
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Nikolaus, Ulrich, and Julia Dobroschke. "Automatic conversion of PDF-based, layout-oriented typesetting data to DAISY: potentials and limitations." Tagungsband zu: DAISY International Technical Conference : Barrierefreie Aufbereitung von Dokumenten, 21. - 27. September 2009, Leipzig/Germany. - Leipzig : DZB, 2009. - S. 115 - 127, 2009. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Only two percent of new books released in Germany are professionally edited for visually impaired people. However, more and more print publications are made available to the public in digital formats through online content delivery platforms like “libreka!”. The automatic conversion of such contents into DAISY would considerably increase the number of publications available in accessible formats. Still, most data available on “libreka!” is published as non-tagged PDF. In this paper, we examine the potential for automatic conversion of “libreka!”-based content into DAISY, while also analyzing the potentials and limitations of current conversion tools.
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Aspegren, Villiam. "CluStic – Automatic graph drawing with clusters." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Finding a visually pleasing layout from a set of vertices and edges is the goal of automatic graph drawing. A requirement that has been barely explored however, is that users would like to specify portions of their layouts that are not altered by such algorithms. For example the user may have put a lot of manual effort into fixing a portion of a large layout and, while they would like an automatic layout applied to most of the layout, they do not want their work undone on the portion they manually fixed earlier. CluStic, the system developed and evaluated in this thesis, provides this capability. CluStic maintain the internal structure of a cluster by giving it priority over other elements in the graph. After high priority element has been positioned, non-priority vertices may be placed at the most appropriate remaining positions. Furthermore CluStic produces layouts which also maintain common aesthetic criteria: edge crossing minimization, layout height and edge straightening. Our method in this thesis is to first conduct an initial exploration study where we cross compare four industrial tools: Cytogate, GraphDraw, Diagram.Net and GraphNet. A set of layouts are generated with these tools and the user is timed on a task to identify the longest path. Through this exploration study we develop out intuition and determined that Cytogate is the best performing tool for longest path identification. Given this experience we fully develop CluStic and conduct our main study where we cross compare it with Cytogate and a baseline Breadth-first Search algorithm. Results show that CluStic produces drawings of good quality, Clustic achieves a visualization efficiency score of 1,4 which is an increase compared to the BFS layout (-3,8). CluStic is outperformed by Cytogate which achieves a visualization efficiency score of 1,9 and therefore produces less visually pleasing drawings. However Clustic, unlike Cytogate can preserve initial static structures, thus when a graph contains elements in which their position cannot be altered CluStic is a better choice.Målet med automatiserad grafritning är att utifrån en uppsättning noder och kanter hitta en layout som är visuellt tillfredställande. Ett delområde som inte utforskats nog är möjligheten till att låsa vissa komponenter i grafen som sedan inte får alterneras av grafritningsalgoritmen. En användare som exempel, strukturerar vissa delar av grafen manuellt och applicerar sedan automatisk layout av resterande element utan att förstöra den struktur som manuellt skapats. CluStic, grafritningsverktyget som skapats och utvärderats i denna masters uppsats fyller denna funktion. CluStic bevarar den interna strukturen för ett kluster genom att tilldela en högre prioritet för noder i klustret med avseende på övriga element i grafen. Efter att högprioritets element placerats tilldelas resterande element sina bäst tillgängliga positioner. Utöver detta så uppfyller CluStic några av de vanligaste estetiska mål inom grafritning: minimera antalet kantkorsningar, minimera höjden, och räta ut kanter. Metoden som används i denna master uppsatts var att först gör en inledande studie där vi undersöker fyra populära grafritnings verktyg: Cytogate, GraphDraw, Diagram.Net och GraphNet. En uppsättning grafer genereras av dessa verktyg och vi mäter hur lång tid det tar för en användare att hitta den längsta vägen i grafen. Genom denna studie konstaterar vi att Cytogate presenterade grafer med best kvalitet. Från kunskap samlad i den inledande studien utvecklar vi CluStic och utför uppsatsens huvud studie där vi jämför CluStic med avseende på Cytogate och en bas layout Breddenförst algoritm. CluStic uppnår ett visualiserings effektivitetsvärde på 1,4 vilket är en ökning jämtemot Bredden-först algoritmen (-3,8). CluStic levererar inte layouter som är mer visuellt tillfredställande än de som skapats av Cytogate som får ett visualiserings effektivitetsvärde på 1,9. CluStic tillskillnad från Cytogate bevarar den internt fixa strukturen mellan element med hög prioritet vilket gör CluStic till det bättre verktyget för grafer med statiska element.
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Zarka, Nathalie. "Conception d'un système d'archivage électronique de documents numérisés : réalisation sur une machine SM90." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Après un tour d'horizon des techniques employées dans les systèmes d'archivage électroniques, l'auteur présente le projet du laboratoire Masi et, plus particulièrement, le dispositif qui effectue la saisie et la restitution des données de type fac-simile. Ce dispositif comprend un télécopieur, qui joue le double rôle d'analyseur numérique et d'imprimante, et un ensemble de visualisation sur lequel sont affichées les pages numérisées par le télécopieur. L'ensemble est relié à une machine SM90 servant de poste de travail sur le réseau. Une carte électronique assure l'interface entre le télécopieur et le bus local de la SM90. La carte est gérée par un logiciel implante dans le noyau du système Unix. La dernière partie de l'ouvrage décrit, de façon détaillée, le coupleur télécopieur et son gestionnaire sous Unix.
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"Analog layout automation." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The integration of high-performance analog and digital circuits leads to an increasing need of new tools compatible for both the digital and analog parts. Unfortunately, the low acceptance of CAD tools in the analog domain presents a serious bottleneck to the fast realization of mixed-signal systems. Due to a higher sensitivity of the electrical performance to layout details, analog designs are much more complicated than digital ones. Process and temperature variations can introduce severe mismatches in devices that are designed to behave identically. These undesirable effects can be alleviated by a symmetric layout. Matching and symmetry in placement and routing in analog circuits are thus of immense importance.In this thesis, we will present an effective layout method for analog circuits. We consider symmetry constraint, common centroid constraint, device merging and device clustering during the placement step. Symmetric routing will then be performed. In order to have successful routing, we will perform analog-based routability-driven adjustment during the placement process, taking into account for analog circuits that wires are not preferred to be layout on top of active devices. All these concepts were put together in our tool. Experimental results show that we can generate quality analog layout within minutes of time that passes the design rule check, layout-schematic verification and the simulation results are comparable to those of manual design, while a manual design will take a designer a couple of days to generate.
Xiao, Linfu.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-154).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.ii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Analog Layout Problem --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Analog Circuit Design Flow --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2 --- An Example: μA741 Operational Amplifier --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Analog Layout Problem --- p.6
Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Contribution and Organization --- p.8
Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Analog Layout Basics --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Parasitic Effects --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Signal Coupling Effects --- p.13
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Process Variation Effects --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Previous Analog Layout Automation Tools --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- Previous Analog Layout Automation Approaches --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Device Generation --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Analog Placement --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Analog Routing --- p.37
Chapter 3 --- System Overview --- p.45
Chapter 3.1 --- System Flow Map --- p.45
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Device Generation --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Analog Placement --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Analog Routing --- p.51
Chapter 4 --- Analog Placement --- p.53
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.53
Chapter 4.2 --- Symmetric Feasible Conditions on Sequence Pair --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Properties of Sequence Pair --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Symmetric Feasible Conditions --- p.58
Chapter 4.3 --- Common Centroid Grid Placement --- p.69
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Grid Placement Representation --- p.70
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Common Centroid Feasible Conditions in Grid Sequence --- p.71
Chapter 4.4 --- Methodology --- p.73
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Handling Symmetry Constraints --- p.74
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Device Merging --- p.75
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Device Clustering --- p.77
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Enhanced Common Centroid Placement --- p.78
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Placement Adjustment for Symmetry Groups --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.6 --- Congestion Aware Placement Expansion --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.7 --- Types of Moves --- p.87
Chapter 4.4.8 --- Annealing Schedule and Cost Function --- p.88
Chapter 5 --- Analog Routing --- p.90
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 5.2 --- Methodology --- p.91
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Symmetry Routing --- p.94
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Practical Concerns --- p.97
Chapter 6 --- Layer Assignment --- p.106
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.106
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Problem Formulation --- p.108
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Previous Works --- p.109
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Background --- p.111
Chapter 6.2 --- Methodology --- p.114
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Global Conflict-Continuation Graph Construction --- p.114
Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Modified Two-layer Layer Assignment Scheme --- p.116
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Stacked Via Problem and Crosstalk --- p.120
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Max-Cut for planar graph --- p.121
Chapter 7 --- Experimental Results --- p.128
Chapter 7.1 --- Results of Analog Placement --- p.129
Chapter 7.2 --- Results of Layer Assignment --- p.133
Chapter 7.3 --- Simulation Results --- p.134
Bibliography --- p.136
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Hsu, Chun-Chen, and 許鈞程. "CMOS Analog Circuit Layout Design Automation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62541285242114704365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
91
Layout design is a very important step in the analog CMOS IC design flow. Good layout quality should feature low susceptibility to digital noise and low sensitivity to process variation. It has historically been a time-consuming, manual task. The fast growth of complexity of VLSI systems and recent advances in System-On-Chip (SOC) developments, make it necessary to have powerful Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) tools to speed up the design process. This issue is especially important for analog circuit layout design. In this thesis, we present a tool to automate analog layout design with analog basic considerations (matching, symmetry, and noise coupling). It covers from device level module generation to block level placement and routing. Fist, we provide a module generator to transfer partitioned netlists to physical layout with matching consideration. Placement tool then places all cells with symmetric, wire length, and area constraints. Obstacle-avoiding shortest finding algorithm is used for our basic routing algorithm and we propose an approach to avoiding noise coupling between noisy and sensitive nets. According to experimental results, our tool can handle analog circuit layout with user specified constraints in the reasonable time and make analog layout design more efficient.