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Статті в журналах з теми "Laws"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 липня 2024

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1

Mabry, Richard L. "Laws and Laws." Southern Medical Journal 84, no. 10 (October 1991): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199110000-00036.

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2

Fentiman, R. "Laws, Foreign Laws, and Facts." Current Legal Problems 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 391–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/59.1.391.

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3

Buchanan, Mark. "Laws, power laws and statistics." Nature Physics 4, no. 5 (May 2008): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys946.

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4

Lerner, Stephen. "Breaking Laws to Change Laws." New Labor Forum 25, no. 1 (January 2016): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1095796015620366.

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5

Lange, Marc. "Laws and meta-laws of nature: Conservation laws and symmetries." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38, no. 3 (September 2007): 457–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2006.08.003.

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6

Lange, Marc. "Laws and Meta-Laws of Nature." Harvard Review of Philosophy 15, no. 1 (2007): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20071512.

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7

Reid, Jeremy. "Changing the Laws of the Laws." Ancient Philosophy 41, no. 2 (2021): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil202141226.

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8

Ellett, Frederick S., and David P. Ericson. "Causal Laws and Laws of Association." Noûs 19, no. 4 (December 1985): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2215352.

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9

LEVY, MOSHE, and SORIN SOLOMON. "POWER LAWS ARE LOGARITHMIC BOLTZMANN LAWS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 07, no. 04 (August 1996): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183196000491.

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Multiplicative random processes in (not necessarily equilibrium or steady state) stochastic systems with many degrees of freedom lead to Boltzmann distributions when the dynamics is expressed in terms of the logarithm of the elementary variables. In terms of the original variables this gives a power-law distribution. This mechanism implies certain relations between the constraints of the system, the power of the distribution and the dispersion law of the fluctuations. These predictions are validated by Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data. We speculate that stochastic multiplicative dynamics might be the natural origin for the emergence of criticality and scale hierarchies without fine-tuning.

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10

Edwards, C. "The lore of laws [IT laws]." Information Professional 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/inp:20070204.

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11

Dosanjh, Ranpal. "Emergent Causal Laws and Physical Laws." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 50, no. 5 (April 14, 2020): 622–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/can.2020.7.

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AbstractContrasting accounts of physicalism and strong emergentism face two problems. According to the neutrality problem, contrasting supervenience-based formulations of these positions cannot be neutral with respect to certain unrelated metaphysical commitments. According to the collapse problem, emergent properties can be accounted for using an appropriately expansive physical ontology, rendering strong emergentism metaphysically suspect. I argue that both these problems can be solved with a principled distinction between emergent causal laws and physical laws. I propose such a distinction based on a finite discontinuity in the behavior of fundamental physical constituents as a function of complexity.

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12

Bostock, Simon. "Are All Possible Laws Actual Laws?" Australasian Journal of Philosophy 81, no. 4 (December 2003): 517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713659759.

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13

Lehoux, Daryn. "Laws of nature and natural laws." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 37, no. 4 (December 2006): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2006.09.001.

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14

Hobson, Marian. "Laws and Universality, Laws and History." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 23, no. 3 (April 9, 2010): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11196-010-9153-1.

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15

RICHMOND, PETER, and SORIN SOLOMON. "POWER LAWS ARE DISGUISED BOLTZMANN LAWS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 03 (March 2001): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101001754.

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Using a previously introduced model on generalized Lotka–Volterra dynamics together with some recent results for the solution of generalized Langevin equations, we derive analytically the equilibrium mean field solution for the probability distribution of wealth and show that it has two characteristic regimes. For large values of wealth, it takes the form of a Pareto style power law. For small values of wealth, w ≤ wm, the distribution function tends sharply to zero. The origin of this law lies in the random multiplicative process built into the model. Whilst such results have been known since the time of Gibrat, the present framework allows for a stable power law in an arbitrary and irregular global dynamics, so long as the market is "fair", i.e., there is no net advantage to any particular group or individual. We further show that the dynamics of relative wealth is independent of the specific nature of the agent interactions and exhibits a universal character even though the total wealth may follow an arbitrary and complicated dynamics. In developing the theory, we draw parallels with conventional thermodynamics and derive for the system some new relations for the "thermodynamics" associated with the Generalized Lotka–Volterra type of stochastic dynamics. The power law that arises in the distribution function is identified with new additional logarithmic terms in the familiar Boltzmann distribution function for the system. These are a direct consequence of the multiplicative stochastic dynamics and are absent for the usual additive stochastic processes.

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16

LANDÉ, ALFRED. "The Laws behind the Quantum Laws." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37, no. 1 (1986): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/37.1.43.

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17

Lee, Seungyub, and Laura McCann. "Passage of Phosphorus-free Lawn Fertilizer Laws by U.S. States." Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 8, no. 1-2 (November 2018): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/naturesopolirese.8.1-2.0066.

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Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient, but it can pollute rivers and lakes. State laws banning P in lawn fertilizer can reduce pollutant loads from urban areas. A random effects panel probit model using nationwide data from various sources was estimated to analyze factors affecting passage of these laws. To test hypotheses regarding alternative theories, we incorporated variables relating to public interest, private interest, ideology, and diffusion literatures and found support for all of them. States with higher percentages of water area were more likely to pass P-free laws, as were those with higher percentages of employment in water-related industries. Surprisingly, states with more fertilizer companies were more likely to pass P-free laws, but the effect was quadratic. We found an S-shaped diffusion curve as a function of time. No laws have been passed since 2013, when Scotts dropped P from their Turf Builder fertilizers.

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18

Markova, Valentina. "The Essence of Free Energy as Application of Transverse Vortices, According the new Axioms and Laws." General medicine and Clinical Practice 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/129.

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The article describes brand new field in Phisycs through the Theory of new axioms and laws. It includes 2 new axioms and 8 new laws. It was described by the same author in previous articles and reports. It expands the Classic Field Theory which describes parametric processes to a much more general theory which describes nonparametric processes. It consists new type of field (accelerating and decelerating) and new tipes of movement (cross and longitudinal). The expanding includes Gravity field, Free Energy and even live structures. In present report are used 2 Axiom and 6 Laws only. It is known that Maxwell’s laws (1864) are based on a single base axiom [1]. It states that the movement in a closed loop leads to evenly movement (with constant speed) of a vector E: div rot E = 0. The author change this axiom with a new one (Axiom1), according which the movement in an open loop (div rot E ≠ 0) or vortex (div Vor E ≠ 0) leads to unevenly movement (with variable speed) of a vector E [2]. The subsequent results are: the evenly movement is replaced with unevenly movement which can be decelerating or accelerating; in 2D is defined a cross vortex and in 3D is defined a longitudinal vortex. For example: the cross vortex in 2D is transformed to a longitudinal vortex in 3D through a transformation Δ1(Law1); the longitudinal vortex in 3D is transformed to a cross vortex in 2D through transformation Δ2(Law2); decelerating vortex emits free cross vortices to the environment that are called “free energy” (Law5); accelerating vortex sucks the same one’s free cross vortices (Law6) and so on. The electron is an field particle that contains a decelerating cross vortex. It pulsates in time and this is the reason in contraction phase to emit Free transverse vortices into the environment. These free cross vortices then self-organize into something like dipoles. These imaginary and invisible dipoles don’t react to the amplitude of an applied Electromagnetic Field at all. These primary dipoles react instantly and orient themselves only at high acceleration of the Electromagnetic Field.The acceleration and not the amplitude is the reason for the movement of the imaginary dipoles (as free energy) to the poles of anoutside Electromagnetic Field. In this report the author describes the essence of the phenomenon free energy as moving primary decelerating and accelerating dipoles. The free energy is as result of the structure and the dynamic of the transverse vortices from theory of new Axioms and Laws. For now the ultimate goal is to create a device that sucks in and separates with high acceleration (between two different poles) these decelerating and accelerating dipoles. And finally in this way, an Electrical Voltage to be created between these two poles. The acceleration approach was used by Nikola Tesla (1931) in the creation of “free energy” generator that was installed in “Pierce –Arrow Corporation” car instead of previous gasoline engine.

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19

Sangari, Kumkum. "Gender Lines: Personal Laws, Uniform Laws, Conversion." Social Scientist 27, no. 5/6 (May 1999): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3518142.

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20

Banks, Nina, and Warren C. Whatley. "A Nation of Laws, and Race Laws." Journal of Economic Literature 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211689.

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This article reviews the history of race laws in the United States as distinct from the rule of law, an idea found in the writing and speeches of Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, the first African American PhD in economics (1921). We review the race laws of slavery, lynching, Negro Jobs, and the making of the Black ghetto. We highlight the life and writings of Alexander and other early African American economists as an example of the cost of racial exclusion in the economics profession and how it has impeded the production of useful knowledge about the workings of the US economy. (JEL J15, K38, N31, N32, N41, N42)

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21

Rosenberg, Alexander. "Laws, Damn Laws, and Ceteris Paribus Clauses." Southern Journal of Philosophy 34, S1 (March 1996): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1996.tb00820.x.

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22

Elvevag, Brita. "Commentary on Laws: Refining Laws - A rejoinder." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 4, no. 1 (February 1999): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135468099396043.

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23

O'Neill, Onora. "Making Laws Better or Making Better Laws?" Jurisprudence 3, no. 1 (June 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2012.11423533.

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24

Horowitz, Sophie. "LAWS OF CREDENCE AND LAWS OF CHOICE." Episteme 14, no. 1 (March 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2016.49.

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ABSTRACTIn Accuracy and the Laws of Credence, Richard Pettigrew gives several decision-theoretic arguments for formal requirements on rational credence. Pettigrew's arguments build on a central notion of epistemic value, but employ different decision rules. These comments explore how our choice of decision rule might matter, and discuss one of Pettigrew's arguments in detail: his argument for the Principle of Indifference, which relies on Maximin.

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25

Müller-Merbach, Heiner. "Physical laws vs sociological laws: Popper's distinction." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 6, no. 3 (September 2008): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2008.14.

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26

Colyvan, M., and L. R. Ginzburg. "Laws of nature and laws of ecology." Oikos 101, no. 3 (May 6, 2003): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12349.x.

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27

Dastagiri, M. B. "Universal Laws, Nature Laws, God Laws, Spiritual, Philosophical & Science Laws: Origin, Rationales, Prophesy, and Human Well-Being." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 8 (March 31, 2024): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p26.

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The natural world is built and operated by universal laws. Stephen Hawking prophecy states that by understanding the working of the universe, you will know and understand the mind of God. This paper focuses on analyzing different universal laws and their origin, rationale, and prophecy. This research is a framework of the science, rationale, vision, and metaanalysis of universal laws. The findings revealed that natural law, in philosophy, is a system of right or justice held to be common to all humans and is derived from nature. Natural law theory is concerned with two basic principles, which are morality and legality. God's eternal law is not fully cognizable by humans in His everlasting plan. The scientific laws of nature consist of many principles which were earlier assumed as Nature’s laws. The first spiritual law of success is pure potentiality which says humans are pure consciousness. The 12 universal laws are inherent and unchanging principles that ancient people intuitively discovered through their fact-finding efforts. The law of Newton’s gravity is considered “universal” and it is applicable on all bodies having a mass (sun, moon, earth, apple, etc.). The 7 cosmic laws are fundamental principles that control everyone and everything. God designed nature’s laws and blessed humans with rationality to understand them. Also, God's eternal law can be discovered by observing the behaviour of animals and planets, as well as understanding how people should behave.

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28

Tarde, Gabriel. "Social Laws." Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 11, no. 1 (March 8, 2011): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.848.

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29

Tarde, Gabriel. "Social Laws." Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social 11, no. 1 (March 8, 2011): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenead/v11n1.848.

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30

Armstrong, John M. "Plato: Laws." Ancient Philosophy 38, no. 2 (2018): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil201838236.

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31

Boysen, Sigrid. "Memory Laws." Jahrbuch des öffentlichen Rechts der Gegenwart. Neue Folge 69, no. 1 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/joer-2021-0004.

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32

Percival, Jennifer. "Natural laws." Nursing Standard 16, no. 1 (September 19, 2001): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.1.23.s41.

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33

Goldman, Alan H., and Michael N. Goldman. "Paternalistic Laws." Philosophical Topics 18, no. 1 (1990): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics199018116.

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34

W. PELTON, BY ROBERT. "FUNNY LAWS." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 85, no. 12 (December 1985): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-198512000-00082.

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35

Braddon-Mitchell, David. "Lossy Laws." Nous 35, no. 2 (June 2001): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.00296.

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36

Gostin, Lawrence O. "Laws Editorial." Laws 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws1010001.

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37

Owens, D. "Disjunctive laws?" Analysis 49, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/49.4.197.

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38

Horgan, Terence, and John Tienson. "Soft Laws." Midwest Studies in Philosophy 15 (1990): 256–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1990.tb00217.x.

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39

Bedford, Jacey. "Mort's laws." Nature 520, no. 7545 (April 2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/520126a.

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40

Orr, David W. "Orr's Laws." Conservation Biology 18, no. 6 (December 2004): 1457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.01862.x.

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41

Bullock, Roger. "Licensing Laws." Adoption & Fostering 30, no. 3 (October 2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590603000301.

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42

Haufe, Chris. "Gould’s Laws." Philosophy of Science 82, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/678979.

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43

Woolcock, Bryan. "Lionel Laws." Australian Veterinary Journal 89, no. 3 (February 16, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00686.x.

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44

Jolink, A., and J. van Daal. "Gossen's Laws." History of Political Economy 30, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-30-1-43.

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45

Zetzel, James E. G. "Cicero’s Laws." Classical Review 55, no. 1 (March 2005): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clrevj/bni065.

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46

O'Connell, D. "Apology laws." Canadian Medical Association Journal 180, no. 6 (March 17, 2009): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1090007.

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47

Lanters, José, Connie Palmen, and Richard Huijing. "The Laws." World Literature Today 68, no. 1 (1994): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149973.

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48

Capron, Christiane. "Consent laws." Nature 362, no. 6416 (March 1993): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362102b0.

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49

Chapman, Renee D. "Laws, etc." Serials Review 15, no. 1 (March 1989): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1989.10763873.

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50

Lyall Aitken, Johan. "Two Laws." Curriculum Inquiry 30, no. 2 (January 2000): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0362-6784.00159.

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