Статті в журналах з теми "LAURENT TRANSFORM"

This paper introduces some properties of symmetric Laurent polynomials, and then extends Euclidean algorithm to symmetric Laurent polynomials. The new results are used to investigate factorization of polyphase matrix for biorthogonal finite filters. It is shown that there exists one and only one symmetric factorization of the polyphase matrix, and the symmetric factorization can be determined directly and efficiently by Euclidean algorithm for symmetric Laurent polynomials. Finally, symmetric implementation and matrix representation of biorthogonal wavelet transforms are introduced, and the study demonstrates that the symmetric implementation has the least multiplication number in all lifting implementations, and it is equivalent to a matrix transform on finite dimensional vector space.

In previous studies we used Laurent Schwartz’ theory of distributions to rigorously introduce discretizations and periodizations on tempered distributions. These results are now used in this study to derive a validity statement for four interlinking formulas. They are variants of Poisson’s Summation Formula and connect four commonly defined Fourier transforms to one another, the integral Fourier transform, the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT), the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the integral Fourier transform for periodic functions—used to analyze Fourier series. We prove that under certain conditions, these four Fourier transforms become particular cases of the Fourier transform in the tempered distributions sense. We first derive four interlinking formulas from four definitions of the Fourier transform pure symbolically. Then, using our previous results, we specify three conditions for the validity of these formulas in the tempered distributions sense.

We study the distribution of Mahler's measures of reciprocal polynomials with complex coefficients and bounded even degree. We discover that the distribution function associated to Mahler's measure restricted to monic reciprocal polynomials is a reciprocal (or antireciprocal) Laurent polynomial on[1,∞)and identically zero on[0,1). Moreover, the coefficients of this Laurent polynomial are rational numbers times a power ofπ. We are led to this discovery by the computation of the Mellin transform of the distribution function. This Mellin transform is an even (or odd) rational function with poles at small integers and residues that are rational numbers times a power ofπ. We also use this Mellin transform to show that the volume of the set of reciprocal polynomials with complex coefficients, bounded degree, and Mahler's measure less than or equal to one is a rational number times a power ofπ.

AbstractIf the Laurent seriesis transformed toit is shown that convergence of the former at z = 1 implies the uniform convergence of the latter on a symmetric arc of |z - 1/P| = 1/P - 1 not containing z = 1 and that the uniform convergence of the former over a symmetric arc of |z| = 1 containing z = 1 implies uniform convergence of the latter on the entire circle |z — 1/P| = 1/P — 1.

The paper is devoted to study the Hermite interpolation problem on the unit circle. The interpolation conditions prefix the values of the polynomial and its first two derivatives at the nodal points and the nodal system is constituted by complex numbers equally spaced on the unit circle. We solve the problem in the space of Laurent polynomials by giving two different expressions for the interpolation polynomial. The first one is given in terms of the natural basis of Laurent polynomials and the remarkable fact is that the coefficients can be computed in an easy and efficient way by means of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The second expression is a barycentric formula, which is very suitable for computational purposes.

Propagation of Love-type waves emanating due to a disturbance point source in a transversely isotropic layer of finite thickness laid over a semi-infinite half-space is investigated. The layer is assumed under the influence of magnetic field and hydrostatic state of stress, while the half-space is inhomogeneous. The source point is situated at the common interface of the layer and half-space. Maxwell’s equation and generalized Ohm’s law have been taken into account to calculate the Laurent force induced in the layer. Green’s function technique and Fourier transform are used as a powerful tool to calculate the interior deformations of the model; consequently, we obtain a closed-form dispersion relation for the wave. Six numerical examples for the transversely isotropic layer, namely, beryl, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, and simply isotropic, have been considered. The role of magneto-elastic coupling parameter, hydrostatic stress, inhomogeneity, the order of the depth variation in inhomogeneity function, and different examples of the layer on the propagation of Love-type wave has been observed by numerical examples and graphical demonstrations.

An infinite electrical resistive grid generated by a finite‐difference approximation to Poisson’s equation in cylindrical coordinates with no azimuthal variation has been used to model borehole resistivity measurements. The medium surrounding the borehole is infinite in extent and its resistivity varies only in the radial direction. As a result, the branch resistance values of the infinite grid also vary only in the radial direction. A continued fraction of Laurent operators determines the node voltages along the borehole’s surface. Use of an operational calculus based upon the finite Fourier transformation converts the continued fraction into a readily computed form. This yields new formulas for apparent resistivity, given various resistivity measuring arrays and a resistivity profile in the radial direction. In contrast to classical methods, the need to match boundary conditions at the interface of a cylindrically layered earth is eliminated, so that the procedure is just as easily applied to a continuous resistivity profile as it is to a stepped profile. Moreover, the method is computationally fast by virtue of the fast Fourier transform algorithm and the avoidance of boundary‐condition matching. The speed and versatility of this model make it useful for studying the effects of complex invasion on the response of resistivity tools.

AbstractFundamental calculations on singular invariant hyperfunctions on the n ×n square matrix space and on the 2n × 2n alternating matrix space are considered in this paper. By expanding the complex powers of the determinant function or the Pfaffian function into the Laurent series with respect to the complex parameter, we can construct singular invariant hyperfunctions as their Laurent expansion coefficients. The author presents here the exact orders of the poles of the complex powers and determines the exact supports of the Laurent expansion coefficients. By applying these results, we prove that every quasi-relatively invariant hyperfunction can be expressed as a linear combination of the Laurent expansion coefficients of the complex powers and that every singular quasi-relatively invariant hyperfunction is in fact relatively invariant on the generic points of its support. In the last section, we give the formula of the Fourier transforms of singular invariant tempered distributions.

Two simple representations in terms of power series are obtained for the eigenfunctions of the finite Hankel transformation. In each case the series coefficients are shown to satisfy a three-term, numerically stable recurrence formula. Expressions are provided for normalizing the coefficients and extending the eigenfunctions beyond the unit interval.

We show that several types of differential equations that involve q-derivatives, Fibonacci derivatives, and other Ward?s derivatives, can be solved by an algebraic operational method that does not use integrals nor integral transforms. We deal with extensions of the Ward?s derivatives that can be applied to formal Laurent series. Several examples of linear and nonlinear equations are presented.

Le copépode calanoïde Eurytemora affinis est un complexe d’espèces clés des réseaux trophiques estuariens. En dominant les communautés planctoniques dans la plupart des estuaires de l’hémisphère nord, E. affinis permet un transfert d’énergies vers les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Il influence directement le recrutement des espèces de poissons et constitue une espèce clé des zones d’alevinage. E. affinis est en réalité un complexe d’espèces cryptiques composé de 6 clades morphologiquement similaires, mais possédant des histoires évolutives distinctes. Dans la zone de transition estuarienne du Saint-Laurent, 2 clades (Atlantique et Nord-Atlantique) sympatriques, spatialement ségrégués, dominent la communauté zooplanctonique. Chacun des 2 clades semble exploiter différents types d’habitats en fonction de sa tolérance physiologique à la salinité et à la disponibilité de nourriture. Nous discuterons des études récentes en mettant l’accent sur la répartition, la différenciation génétique, mais aussi l’écologique de ces espèces du complexe d’E. affinis afin de mieux comprendre leurs influences respectives sur le fonctionnement et la productivité de l’écosystème unique que représente la zone d’alevinage de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent.

Abstract Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas (UTUC) are extremely aggressive tumors of ureter or renal pelvis. UTUC present less tumor mutational burden and low tumor immune infiltrate compared to bladder cancer. Despite this they are treated with the same protocol than bladder cancer with more than 50% of relapses justifying the need of new therapeutic options. To improve patient care, we suggest stimulating the immune system by platinum-based chemotherapies (Cisplatin-Gemcitabine (CisGem) or Carboplatin-Gemcitabine (CarboGem)) in order to potentiate the effect of an anti-PD-L1, the Durvalumab. We launched a phase II clinical trial called “iNDUCT” which studies these combinations in UTUC patients. In parallel, we conduct an in vitro project that aims to determine if chemotherapies could transform cold tumor into a hot tumor, and if so by which mechanisms? Using UTUC cell lines (UM-UC-14,UCC03,UCC17,UCC14,UCC47) we have evaluated the cytotoxicity effects of the chemotherapies combinations in 2D and 3D cell cultures. We have assessed their potential (i) to induce DNA damage using image cytometry, (ii) to induce PD-L1 expression using flow cytometry, (iii) to induce immune cell death using ELISA kits, (iv) to activate the cGAS/STING pathway using qPCR and Western-Blot, and finally (v) to attract immune cells by using heterotypic spheroids model (tumoral cells+PBMCs).Our results demonstrate that CisGem and CarboGem present synergistic effects in UTUC spheroid cultures. These treatments also induce DNA damage pathway demonstrated by an increase of γH2AX, P-ATM, P-CHK1 and P-CHK2 positive cells. We found an increase of PD-L1 membrane expression after treatment in UTUC cell lines. RNA Seq analyses indicates that the major pathways upregulated by these combinations are inflammatory pathways (TNF-α signaling via NFkB, interferon alpha response, inflammatory response, interferon gamma response). We could observe an immune cell death induction demonstrated by an increase of ATP and HMGB1 release and calreticulin translocation. We showed cGAS/STING pathway activation as evidenced by an increase of P-IRF3 and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. We demonstrated an inhibition of the ISGs induction after treatment by our chemotherapies when cells are treated with an ATM inhibitor or in UMUC-14 deleted for STING. And we finally showed that CisGem and CarboGem can increase immune infiltration in the heterotypic tumor spheroids. These results indicate that the combination of platinum salts + gemcitabine induces inflammatory pathways via a non-canonical STING pathway dependent on ATM activation in UTUC model. Furthermore, these combination induce an upregulation of PD-L1 expression and allow immune cells attraction at the tumor. All these data support that a combination CisGem or CarboGem with an anti-PD-L1 will be efficient for UTUC patients. Citation Format: Alexandra Fauvre, Nadia Vie, Mathilde Robin, Clara Taffoni, Nadine Laguette, Julien Faget, Laurent Gros, Aurélie Garcin, Celine Gongora, Nadine Houede. Platinum-based chemotherapy immunomodulatory effects and immunotherapy association in upper tract urothelial carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1294.

- In our therapeutic mother-infant/toddler consultations we emphasize what the child can supply to the understanding of the problem it is presenting, in comparison with other approaches which mainly point to clarify and interpret parental fantasies. We hypothesize that our countertransferential attitude helps the development of the child's transference, and that therapy focuses on its interpretation and resolution, without however neglecting the mother's role. In the present case demonstration, the child developed a real transference neurosis in a brief mother-infant psychotherapy setting with a couple of cotherapists.KEY WORDS: brief mother-infant psychotherapy, transference neurosis in the young child, childhood eating disorders, childhood sexual theories, child psychoanalysis

This article addresses a noteworthy development in French women's autobiographical texts of the extreme contemporary: the painful writing of mourning subsequent to the traumatic death of a child. Trauma theorists such as Cathy Caruth, Susan Brison, Shoshana Felman, and Dori Laub insist on the importance of the narration of the traumatic experience in the form of a 'meaningful [...] story' (Caruth, 1996: 117) enabling the object of the trauma to become the subject of her own story, and thus effecting a transformation of her status from passive victim to agential subject. If, however, trauma is beyond words and 'unspeakable' (in both senses of the adjective), how can one find the adequate discursive means to represent it, how can one transform the traumatic experience into a narrative? Drawing on theories of trauma and mourning, the article analyzes the ways in which two contemporary French writers, Laure Adler and Camille Laurens, deal with this daunting discursive dilemma, following the passing of their respective infants. Using various textual strategies, Adler and Laurens both succeed in narrating poignant accounts of loss, producing in each case a 'livre-tombeau' which is simultaneously a book of death and a book of life, allowing the deceased infant to live on through the writing of the trauma of mourning.

Les espaces naturels ainsi que l’ensemble des usages qu’ils permettent représentent une valeur certaine pour les sociétés. Cette dernière peut être traduite par les retombées économiques de plusieurs activités comme le tourisme, par des valeurs implicites sur le marché immobilier, ou encore par le désir de protection environnementale. Or, les décisions des parties prenantes se fondent essentiellement sur la comparaison de ces valeurs avec des projets de développement économique. Ainsi, de nombreuses approches ont été testées afin d’attribuer une valeur monétaire à l’environnement. La méthode utilisée se fonde principalement sur le transfert de bénéfices appliqué par la présentation d’une méta-analyse. Au sein de ce transfert de bénéfices est inclus le transfert d’expertise réalisé par la méthode Delphi proposant la consultation d’experts. La première étape consiste à déterminer les services écosystémiques que procure l’environnement étudié; la seconde repose sur un système de pondération de ces services; et la troisième attribue une valeur en dollars/hectare/année à chaque service. Unique au Québec, possédant une riche biodiversité, le parc marin du Saguenay–Saint-Laurent (PMSSL) est le site d’application de la méthode. L’ étude estime la valeur non marchande du PMSSL dans un intervalle de 27,8 à 32,9 millions de dollars canadiens par an.

AbstractWith a focus on Germany's first explicitly trans- play, Sasha Marianna Salzmann's 2016 Meteoriten (Meteorites), this article pursues the possibility of thinking about trans- and love as forces that at once ontologically transform and phenomenologically (re)orient us away from an “unchosen starting place” (Susan Stryker) and toward the possibility of joy embodied in Salzmann's figure of “the migrant of love.” Considered in a broader social and political context, this powerful tangle of trans- and love bears out against crisis politics in contemporary Germany and resonates well beyond the theater space. For theoretical grounding, the author turns to recent theories of love, in particular the work of Chela Sandoval, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, and Lauren Berlant, as a means of conceptualizing love as social will for political change.

Le comté de Terrebonne, situé directement au nord-ouest de la ville de Montréal, enjambe la zone de contact entre les basses terres du Saint-Laurent et le plateau accidenté des Laurentides. Dans la zone des basses terres s'étendent de vastes superficies de sols argileux fertiles dont la plus grande partie fut colonisée pour des fins agricoles dès le début du XIXe siècle. La terre arable de qualité est beaucoup plus rare sur les hautes terres du plateau. Seules les grandes vallées fluviales, particulièrement celles des rivières du Nord et du Diable, en rassemblent des étendues de quelque importance. Ces sols fertiles de vallée furent défrichés et convertis à l'agriculture tout au début de l'occupation du territoire. Quant aux parties du plateau offrant le moins d'intérêt, parce que dotées d'un relief assez rude, de sols sablonneux et d'une courte saison de croissance, elles firent également l'objet, durant la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, d'une colonisation vigoureuse sous l'impulsion de l'Eglise et de l'Etat. Les terres défrichées, généralement tout au plus propres à la culture de foin de médiocre qualité et au pâturage des moutons, furent progressivement abandonnées : vers la fin des années 30, la plus grande partie de ces terres étaient en voie d'être réoccupées par la forêt. Durant le dernier demi-siècle, et surtout depuis les années de la seconde guerre mondiale, le comté de Terrebonne s'est considérablement urbanisé. Alors que le plateau s'équipe rapidement de facilités pour la pratique des sports d'été et d'hiver et transforme son habitat villageois en des centres de services pour le tourisme, dans la plaine ont surgi, le long de la rivière des Milles Isles, de nombreuses « villes-dortoirs » où s'écoule le trop-plein de la main-d'oeuvre montréalaise. Ces changements ont transformé l'agriculture du comté : les superficies de terres cultivées ont diminué de 60% depuis 1921 dans l'ensemble du comté tandis que l'exploitation agricole est presque complètement disparue des Laurentides depuis la même époque.

Le but de la présente étude était d'étudier l'impact de la variation des niveaux d'eau d'un marais d'eau douce (Baie Saint-François, Québec) sur l'évolution des concentrations et des flux d'hydrogène, monoxyde de carbone, méthane et dioxyde de carbone. Une approche originale impliquant l'association d'un gradient de concentration de ces composés sur un profil vertical de 1,5 m au transfert de flux turbulent micrométéorologique fut utilisée pour la détermination des flux. L'étude démontre qu'une hausse du niveau d'eau d'un bassin versant alimentant une zone humide influence les flux de méthane, de monoxyde de carbone d'hydrogène et de dioxyde de carbone. En conditions submergées, le marais émettait du méthane et du monoxyde de carbone et consommait moins d'hydrogène troposphérique. Ainsi, cette étude démontre que des mesures in situ peuvent servir à inférer des scénarios d'impacts possibles des changements climatiques et des variations des niveaux d'eau sur les émissions des gaz à effets de serre dans l'écosystème du fleuve Saint-Laurent.

Dans Le complexe de la sorcière (2020), Isabelle Sorente raconte comment l’image de la sorcière fait irruption dans sa vie et dans son écriture, et l’amène à interroger l’impact psychique des chasses aux sorcières, ainsi que sa transmission tacite aux générations postérieures. Si la littérature contemporaine « revendique volontiers l’enquête comme démarche d’écriture » (Laurent Demanze, Un nouvel âge de l’enquête, 2019), Le complexe de la sorcière illustre cette tendance en alliant enquête historique, exploration de la mémoire familiale, auto-analyse et introspection. En étudiant le dernier roman d’Isabelle Sorente, nous nous intéresserons à ce mode particulier de représentation littéraire de la vie intérieure, où l’écriture conçue comme enquête devient le véhicule d’une transformation intérieure. En poursuivant une analyse parallèle de la prise de conscience de l’auteure et des transformations génériques que subit le récit, nous verrons que l’enquête transforme d’abord le roman en essai, et le rapproche de la notion de littérature appliquée à la psychanalyse (P. Bayard). Nous verrons ensuite que la remémoration du passé familial et personnel, au lieu d’être l’aboutissement de la narration, ouvre le récit de soi aux récits des autres. Finalement, les réflexions de P. Ricœur nous permettront d’articuler la relation entre littérature documentaire et construction du sujet.

RÉSUMÉ Le littoral de la région de Mingan (moyenne Côte-Nord du golfe du Saint-Laurent), se caractérise par un ensemble de cinq barres d'avant-côte parallèles se succédant depuis le littoral jusqu'à une profondeur de 12 m. Ces barres s'apparentent, selon la classification de Greenwood et Davidson-Arnott (1979), aux barres décrites par Evans (1940) et Hom-ma et Sonu (1962). Ce type de barres diffère des crêtes et sillons prélittoraux tels que définis par King et Williams (1949). La première barre du système de Mingan, qui fait l'objet de ce travail, représente un type particulier; elle est partiellement exondée à marée basse et soumis au déferlement des vagues à marée haute. L'étude comprend un échantillonnage des sédiments de surface, des prélèvements de carottes et des relevés topographiques. Le haut de plage est composé de sable fin à moyen bien trié et le bas de plage, de sable grossier et mal classé. Le creux est constitué de matériel très grossier et de sable fin provenant du transfert sédimentaire de la barre vers le creux. Les sédiments de la crête et des pentes marine et terrestre de la barre sont constitués de sable moyen, modérément à bien classé. Le sommet de la barre s'érode sur une épaisseur de 20 à 25 cm sous l'action des houles de tempête et une fraction de sédiments fins se dépose dans le creux. Par temps calme, la barre tend à reprendre son profil initial (avant tempête) sous l'action des courants de marée et de dérive littorale qui siègent dans le creux et qui transportent le sédiment parallèlement à la côte. Les épaisseurs de remaniement sont alors réduites (5 cm sur la crête et 15 cm au bas de la pente terrestre et sur la pente marine).

Even a layman will find this talk by Joseph Stigliz worth noting. The talk took place late last year, meant for fellow researchers, economists, academicians and thinkers held in Scotland on this holistic topic “Creating a Learning Society”. In finding a nexus between the thoughts of a Nobel Laureate and Islam, such a propagation has well been documented more than fourteen hundred years ago when the Quran states in Surah Al Mujadilah 58:11 that “Allah will exalt those of you who believe, and those who are given knowledge, in high degrees; and Allah is Aware of what you do”. Also, the Hadith states as narrated by Anas bin Mâlik: The Messenger of Allah said “Seeking knowledge is a duty upon every Muslim” (Sunan Ibn e Majah, Book of Sunnah, Hadith no 224, Classified as Sahih By Allama Albani). Indeed, this is a principle to adhere to for all mankind to be in the wealth of knowledge, in order to transform a society.

In a 2004 review essay on transnational history published in the pages of this journal, Akira Iriye discussed the ‘internationalisation of scholarship’ and concluded that ‘historians easily cross oceans and traverse national boundaries’. The books under review here offer a striking example of this internationalisation, not only in their geographical remit but equally in the transnational interests and collaboration of their authors. Three of them are edited volumes – which, in their showcasing of different approaches, methodologies and topics, are particularly suited to addressing the hybrid nature of cultural diplomacy. Their rich variety of case studies reveals the interplay of micro and macro history, as well as the complex relations between local, national and transnational, as well as between governmental and non-governmental historical actors. The fourth volume is a jointly authored work by François Chaubet and Laurent Martin that presents a synthetic approach to cultural exchange, the relations between culture and policy and cultural globalisation. Together these recent books represent the evolution of a cultural approach to diplomatic history and international relations, epitomised by an interest in ‘soft power’ and closely shaped by the development of transnational history, entangled history (histoire croisée) and the study of cultural transfers. As such, they allow a more cumulative consideration of the roles and meanings of cultural diplomacy in twentieth-century Europe.

In 1935, Walter Benjamin introduced the aura as the abstract conceptualization of uniqueness, authenticity, and singularity that encompasses an original art object. With the advent of technological reproducibility, Benjamin posits that the aura of an object deteriorates when the original is reproduced through the manufacture of copies. Employing this concept of the aura, I outline the proliferation of plaster casts of sculptures in 18th- and 19th-century Europe, placing contextual emphasis on the cultural and prestige value of originals and copies. Theories of authenticity in both art history and material culture are used to examine the nature of the aura and to consider how the aura transforms when an original object is lost from the material record. Through an object biography of a 15th-century sculpture by Francesco Laurana, I propose that the aura does not disappear upon the loss of the original, but is reincarnated in the authentic reproduction.

Résumé La tourbière à palses de Blanc-Sablon s’est formée dans une cuvette lacustre isolée par un cordon morainique lors de l’émersion des terres au niveau de 60-70 m. D’une dizaine de mètres de profondeur au début, le lac s’est vite transformé en une lagune lorsqu’il s’est vidangé il y a 10 200 ans environ (vers 9 ka 14C BP) suite à l’incision du cordon morainique par recul de tête de la rivière Blanc-Sablon ou par son ancêtre. Il a d’abord été colonisé par une végétation aquatique. La tourbe a commencé à se former en milieu minérotrophe vers 9400 ans BP (8,4 ka 14C BP) pour atteindre finalement une épaisseur totale d’environ 3 m. La tourbière est composée de deux unités principales de tourbe de sphaignes de milieu ombrotrophe séparées par une couche de tourbe de couleur foncée et bien décomposée de milieu minérotrophe. D’après la coupe étudiée, l’accrétion verticale du tapis tourbeux a pu atteindre jusqu’à 2-3 mm par année, s’établissant à 0,53 mm/an en moyenne entre 9400 et 4400 ans avant l’actuel (8,4 et 4 ka 14C BP), date d’un feu. La partie supérieure de la couche de sphaignes au-dessus de l’horizon de feu a été datée à environ 500 ans BP, alors que la couche de lichens à la surface a donné un âge au 14C de 40 ± 60 BP seulement. Cependant, dans deux autres coupes situées vers le centre de la tourbière, l’âge de la partie superficielle du tapis tourbeux sur une épaisseur de 50 à 60 cm va de moderne à 2330 ans cal. BP (2280 ± 60 14C BP). L’accrétion réduite pourrait résulter de l’instauration de la palse, asséchant localement le milieu. Le taux moyen d’accrétion verticale pour l’ensemble du tapis tourbeux au droit de la coupe a été d’environ 0,32 mm/an. Le pergélisol s’est vraisemblablement installé dans la tourbière durant la période du Petit Âge glaciaire.

When excavating a tunnel, the stresses are distributed asymmetrically along the tunnel cross-section. Other factors, particularly slope friction force and excavation speed, can also contribute to the deformation and displacement of a tunnel. Despite this, several authors have used the complex potential method to predict the ground deformation surrounding the tunnel. However, their applicability to the ground response caused by the asymmetric stress distribution around the tunnel wall is analysed in this context. This paper, therefore, proposes an approximate solution on the slope to predict the tunnel cross-section deformation. The solution is based on the complex potential method to predict analytically and numerically the ground deformation around the tunnel. However, two variables called the “complex potential functions” for the Laurent series expansion are used for the stress redistribution to the tunnel boundary conditions. Data from the Qijiazhuang tunnel case are used to justify the proposed analytical solutions. This solution is an essential guide for analyzing deformations in complex geological conditions and structures, such as steeper slopes.

Greater annual shell growth rate and increased mortality are observed in Macoma balthica (L.) with an increase of immersion time in the intertidal zone of the St. Lawrence estuary. There is also a greater annual growth rate in tidal pools, and sediment temperature alone may explain spatial variations in spring and annual growth. Reciprocal transfers of specimens between upper (0.8 m above mean water level) and lower (1.2 m below mean water level) tidal level result in enhanced shell growth for individuals of the upper level transferred to the lower level. There is no corresponding change of shell growth rate for individuals of the lower level. This genotypic difference in short-term physiological responses to environmental changes may be the result of different selective pressures associated with habitat temporal heterogeneity. An opportunistic strategy is associated with the more terrestrial and unpredictable environment (upper tidal level) and a more specialized strategy accompanied by low phenotypic variability is associated with the more marine and stable environment (lower tidal level).

L'identification de pratiques agricoles qui minimisent les risques de contamination des eaux de surface nécessite d'évaluer l'importance des voies de transfert des herbicides vers les cours d'eau. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer à l'échelle du champ agricole et pour une saison de culture l'exportation effective de l'atrazine et du métolachlore par ruissellement de surface et par drainage, ceci pour des conditions pédo-climatiques et agronomiques représentatives de la culture intensive du maïs-grain dans les Basses-Terres du St-Laurent (Québec). Pour les deux premiers événements pluviaux d'importance suivant l'application des herbicides, seulement deux des six champs étudiés ont présenté un ruissellement quittant le champ : les concentrations en herbicides ont atteint 1200 mg/L et 2400 mg/L. La charge exportée en herbicides semble inférieure dans le cas du non travail du sol (semis direct), comparativement au labour conventionnel. Les concentrations en herbicides dans l'eau de drainage sont inférieures à 6 mg/L (pour la majorité inférieures à 1-2mg/L) pour quatre champs, alors que deux champs ont présenté des concentrations atteignant 40-60 mg/L. La charge exportée par drainage apparaît être faible dans le cas de l'application d'herbicides en bandes, comparativement à l'application en surface totale. La masse en herbicides exportée par ruissellement (estimée à partir de coefficients de ruissellement probables) serait supérieure à celle par drainage. Une démarche destinée à diminuer les masses en herbicides exportées devrait ainsi viser la principale voie de cette exportation, c'est-à-dire le ruissellement de surface.

The Hairy Ape is a canonical masterpiece of the twentieth-century playwright and Nobel Laureate in Literature Eugene O’Neill. Under the social backdrop of dehumanized American capitalism, this play has become one of the most potent plays of realism, expressionism and symbolism in American literature. Since its first rendition, this play has been a subject of numerous literary discussions. This play, revolving around the protagonist Yank’s quest for a sense of belonging in a world controlled by the rich, presents a forceful literary analysis of the psychology and identity of an alienated being, and of the impact of industrialization upon human nature. This paper, applying Rousseau’s theories of language and education, and Michel Foucault’s theories of identity, attempts to deconstructs the concept of being “modern” in the Enlightenment Period, discusses Yank’s quest of self-identity in a so-called modern society, who seemingly transforms from a noble savage into a monster and becomes a prey to social values, and demonstrates that personal tragedy results from his failure to come to terms with his identity.

Six months after the historic August 1999 referendum in which the people of East Timor voted to reject Indonesia's offer of broad autonomy, the newly appointed chief of the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, Sérgio Vieira de Mello, commented to CNN on the enormous challenge of setting the territory on the road to independence: ‘It is a test case, therefore it is even a laboratory case where we can transform utopia into reality. But I think we can try and get it right in the case of Timor.’ After 24 years of brutal military occupation, the suggestion that East Timor was to be a laboratory case for the United Nations might have seemed insulting, the notion of utopia absurd. Hundreds of thousands of people were without housing. Basic infrastructure lay in ruins. Commodities were scarce and those goods available were sold at grossly inflated prices. Eleven thousand foreign troops had arrived to restore security. Tens of thousands of refugees were still living in squalid camps across the border in Indonesian West Timor, many against their will. Nevertheless, Vieira de Mello's statement neatly captured the twin aspirations of the time — the independence long-dreamed of by East Timorese and the opportunity for the United Nations literally to build a state from the ground up. In the same CNN report, East Timorese Nobel Laureate José Ramos-Horta emphasised precisely this point: ‘This is the first instance in the history of the UN that the UN has managed completely an entire country; and they have a [Timorese pro-independence] movement that is very cooperative, they have an exceptional people that's cooperating with them, so they cannot fail. They are condemned to succeed because failure would be disastrous for the credibility of the UN, so they simply cannot afford to fail.’ Utopia, it seems, had become a necessity.

Abstract Unleashing the pro-apoptotic effects of p53 by pharmacologic inhibition of MDM2 has been an attractive therapeutic strategy in hematologic malignancies with intact p53. However, concerns were expressed regarding the selection of TP53-mutant subclones with potential GOF activities. It is not clear whether pre-existing sub-clones with TP53 mutation(s) undergo malignant transformation or clonal expansion after exposure to MDM2i therapy. We generated traceable conditional somatic TP53R172H mutant mouse models to monitor and track the expansion of p53 mutant myeloid cells over the course of therapy with MDM2i. We combined a myeloid-specific Cre line, LysM-CreERT2, or Mx1-cre with a conditional knock-in mutant Trp53 allele that constitutively expresses WT Trp53 and converts to mutant (Mut) Trp53R172H upon Cre-mediated recombination. To trace the recombined hematopoietic cells, we used the Rosa26mTmG reporter allele as previously described and performed a pulse-chase experiment. LysM-CreERT2;mTmG;Trp53R172H/fx mice did not develop leukemia after 1 year upon multiple tamoxifen inductions, suggesting that Trp53 mutation in mature myeloid cells is not leukemogenic. Having a GFP marker in myeloid cells allowed us to monitor the population of GFP+ myeloid cells in peripheral blood after each tamoxifen pulse. The GFP+ cells slowly disappeared from peripheral blood over time and were completely undetectable after 1 month following induction, suggesting that p53 mutation in myeloid cells does not extend the half-life of myeloid cells. Next, to assess if the Mdm2i therapy may cooperate with Trp53 mutation and transform the myeloid cells to AML, we induced the p53 mutation by tamoxifen injection and treated LysM-CreERT2;mTmG;Trp53fx/fx and LysM-CreERT2;mTmG;Trp53R172H/fx mice with the MDM2i, idasanutlin, for 10 days. There were no significant differences in the number of GFP+ myeloid cells between the two groups at baseline, however, in the p53-mutant group, the population of GFP+ cells was significantly decreased and in some mice was fully eradicated after MDM2i treatment. We transplanted LysM-CreERT2;mTmG;Trp53R172H/fx and control mice with syngeneic MLL-AF9 transformed leukemia cells and treated them with idasanutlin 1 week after transplant. Strikingly, the population of GFP+ cells was highly expanded in p53 mutant mice transplanted with AML after MDM2i treatment, suggesting that MDM2 inhibition promotes the proliferation of p53-mutant myeloid subclones in the context of AML. We sorted the GFP+ cells and transplanted them into syngeneic mice. No leukemia arose after transplantation. We here established the first in vivo model of p53-mutant clonal hematopoiesis using a new p53 mutant conditional allele. The expanded population of p53 mutant subclone did not transform into AML. However, in the presence of fully transformed AML cells, the p53 mutant clonal hematopoiesis expanded. This finding is consistent with reports of transitory expansion of p53 mutant cells in patients with myelofibrosis treated with MDM2 inhibitor. Citation Format: Russell Pourebrahim, Rafel Heinz Montoya, Lauren Ostermann, Michael Andreeff. Murine models of mutant p53 clonal hematopoiesis elucidate mechanisms of expansion of p53 mutant subclones by MDM2 inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome; 2023 Jan 23-25; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2023;4(3_Suppl):Abstract nr A06.

Athalassa is the main actinometric station of Cyprus and is located in the center of the island at a height of about 160 m. The station is equipped with shortwave and longwave radiation instruments. The time step of the measurements is 10 min, and hourly and daily values were derived for the period of June 2020–May 2021. The solar data underwent an extensive quality control process based mainly on the suggested tests of Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) for both the hourly and daily datasets. More than 98% of the data were within the limits recommended by the BSRN and other radiation networks. A statistical analysis of the shortwave solar radiation components was then performed. Linear and quadratic relationships were established between various radiation components, and their diurnal and monthly variability was assessed. The annual average daily global radiation amount was approximately 19 MJ/m2, whereas the amounts of horizontal beam and diffuse radiation were 12.9 MJ/m2 and 4.7 MJ/m2, respectively. Regarding the modeling of diffuse irradiance, the BRL diffuse fraction model (Boland-Ridley-Lauret) was applied. The results showed that the BRL model can satisfactorily estimate both the diffuse solar irradiance as well as the direct normal irradiance. Furthermore, the levels of the shortwave components were estimated based on the classification of four categories of the clearness index. The annual average of the direct normal beam radiation on clear days was 27.3 MJ/m2, and the direct horizontal radiation was 17.7 MJ/m2. Finally, the total energy received by an inclined surface was estimated based on measurements on the horizontal surfaces. In practice, photovoltaics were installed with an annual permanent slope of 26° with respect to the horizontal surface, and in a southern direction.

Abstract Introduction: Despite the advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapeutics, the 5-year survival rate of metastatic melanoma patients remains about 20%. In part, the high mortality rate is due to the fact that there are currently no other clinically actionable targets other than those that have been identified in the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway. Our analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) data set revealed that 15% of the cases harbor at least one nonsynonymous missense mutation in the gene that encodes the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. This mutation incidence is significantly higher than that of the other ERBB genes in the same data set. However, unlike the validated V600E/K/D/R mutations in the BRAF oncogene, ERBB4 mutations in melanoma are extremely heterogenous with 76 unique ERBB4 nonsynonymous missense mutations, none of which have incidence rates of greater than 1%. Furthermore, some of these ERBB4 mutations have already been shown to be necessary for the proliferation of some human melanoma cell lines, demonstrating a need to determine which ERBB4 mutations contribute to melanoma tumorigenesis. Experimental Procedures/Summary of Data: Consequently, we have used various in silico approaches to predict the functional role of ERBB4 nonsynonymous missense mutations in melanoma. We found that many TCGA-SKCM ERBB4 mutations affect highly conserved regions. Indeed, 57 ERBB4 mutations affect a residue that is conserved in at least one other ErbB receptor. Moreover, 7 ERBB4 mutations affect a residue that is conserved in another ErbB receptor and is the location of a gain-of-function mutation in the other ERBB gene. Fifteen (15) of the putative ERBB4 melanoma driver mutations are found in other tumor types, and 3 transform the growth of fibroblasts and exhibit ligand-independent signaling. Finally, we found that the combination of the ERBB4 E542K and E872K mutations and the E452K mutation alone are necessary for the proliferation of some human melanoma cell lines. Conclusions: Unlike genes such as BRAF or NRAS, which contain a single or a small number of “hot spot(s)” for driver mutations, the ERBB4 gene appears to harbor numerous mutations that are likely to function as drivers of melanoma tumorigenesis. Whereas some of the ERBB4 mutations found in melanoma have been identified as bona fide melanoma drivers, most remain uncharacterized. The results of these analyses indicate that many of these uncharacterized mutations are likely to contribute to the malignant phenotype of melanoma. Therefore, there remains a need to distinguish which ERBB4 mutations function as drivers and can serve as biomarkers for response to therapies that disrupt ErbB4 signaling. Citation Format: Richard L. Cullum, Taraswi M. Ghosh, Lauren M. Lucas, Damien Waits, Kenneth M. Halanych, David J. Riese. Identification of putative melanoma driver mutations in the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase gene [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.

Abstract Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is a rare but deadly pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor, with little improvement in survival for decades despite knowing the driving fusion oncoprotein EWS-FLI1. EWS-FLI1 is notably toxic, acting as an aberrant transcription factor and leading to growth arrest and apoptosis in all but a few cell types. ES incidence in populations of European ancestry is nearly ten times that found in children with primarily African ancestry. To better understand how EWS-FLI1 transforms the transcriptome and the protective effect of the African genome, we leveraged this disparate genomic context to study ES tumorigenesis by introduction of EWS-FLI1 into cells derived from donors with a range of African ancestry followed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with genome wide SNP genotyping data were obtained and local ancestry was assessed using RFMix to establish genetic ancestry. Two lines each of ~100% European and African ancestry and four lines with intermediate European/African admixture (45% to 90% African) were differentiated into neural crest cells (iNCC, a proposed cell-of-origin for ES) and transduced with a lentivirus expressing either a GFP reporter or a GFP-2A-EWS/FLI1 cassette. Interestingly, iNCC derived from European lines maintained a higher frequency of cells expressing GFP/EWS-FLI1 than the pure African lines, with admixed lines showing an intermediate frequency. RNA was extracted at 48- and 96-hour time points and sequenced for gene expression analysis. As expected, we identified pronounced changes to the transcriptional landscape in EWS-FLI1-induced cells compared to control with 13,578 differentially expressed genes (adjusted p-value < 0.05). More interestingly we identified 3,128 genes with ancestry-associated gene expression differences in response to EWS-FLI1 expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using MSigDB 50 hallmark gene sets (v7.4) detected 24 significantly enriched gene sets with an inverse correlation with percent African ancestry, including those sets involved with oxidative phosphorylation, MYC v1 and v2, and MTORC1 signaling. To identify those expression changes that are key to ES tumorigenesis we are comparing the transcriptional profiles of our EWS-FLI1 expressing iNCC to ES tumors and ES cell lines as well as other models of ES derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Ongoing studies will include profiling of chromatin accessibility and EWS-FLI1 occupation for each ancestral iNCC line following EWS-FLI1 transduction to determine the early, ancestry-linked transitions that are permissive to oncogenic transformation. As EWS-FLI1 itself has proven elusive to direct targeting, studying its immediate downstream effects has the potential for establishing new druggable biologic pathways for treatment of ES. Citation Format: Rachel M. Moss, Kelsie L. Becklin, Lauren J. Mills, Branden S. Moriarity, Beau R. Webber, Logan G. Spector. Interaction between genetic ancestry and EWS-FLI induced transcription in Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 702.

The article presents interpretations of the poetry collection “Native Guard” of the American writer Natasha Trethewey — the Pulitzer Prize winner (2007), and Poet Laureate (2012–2014). Through the lens of African American and Critical Race studies, Trethewey’s “Native Guard” is analyzed as the artistic Civil War reconstruction which writes the Louisiana Native Guard regiments into national history. Utilizing the wide range of poetic forms in the collections “Domestic Work” (2000), “Bellocq’s Ophelia” (2002), “Thrall” (2012), — ekphrastic poetry, verse-novellas, epistolary poems, rhymed and free verse sonnets, dramatic monologues, in “Native Guard” (2006) Natasha Trethewey experiments with the classical genres of villanelle (“Scenes from a Documentary History of Mississippi”), ghazal (“Miscegenation”), pantoum (“Incident”), elegy (“Elegy for the Native Guard”), linear palindrome (“Myth”), pastoral (“Pastoral”), sonnet (the ten poems of the crown sonnet sequence “Native Guard”). Following the African American modernist literary canon, Trethewey transforms the traditional forms, infusing blues into sonnets (“Graveyard Blues”), and experimenting with into blank verse sonnets (“What the Body Can Tell”). In the first part of “Native Guard”, the poet pays homage to her African American mother who was married to a white man in the 1960s when interracial marriage was illegal. The book demonstrates the intersections of private memories of Trethewey’s mother, her childhood and personal encounters with the racial oppression in the American South, and the “poeticized” episodes from the Civil War history presented from the perspective of the freed slave and the soldier of the Native Guard, Nathan Daniels. The core poems devoted to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Louisiana regiments in the Union Army formed in 1862, are the crown sonnet sequence which variably combine the formal features of the European classical sonnet and the African American blues poetics. The ten poems are composed as unrhymed journal entries, dated from 1862 to 1865, and they foreground the reflections of the African American warrior on historical episodes of the Civil War focusing on the Native Guard’s involvement in the military duty. In formal aspects, Trethewey achieves the effect of continuity by “binding” together each sonnet and repeating the final line of the poem at the beginning of the following one in the sequence. Though, the “Native Guard” crown sonnet sequence does not fully comply with the rigid structure of the classical European form, Trethewey’s poetic narrative aims at restoring the role of the African American soldiers in the Civil War and commemorating the Native Guard. The final part of the collection synthesizes the two strains – the personal and the historical, accentuating the racial issues in the American South. Through the experience of a biracial Southerner, and via the polemics with the Fugitives, in her poems Natasha Trethewey displays that the Civil Rights Act has not eliminated racial inequality and racism. Trethewey’s extensive experimentation with literary forms and style opens up the prospects for further investigation of the writer’s artistic methods in her poetry collections, autobiographical prose, and nonfiction.

Abstract Background Nursing home (NH) residents are at high infection and hospital readmission risk. Colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is common. In ICU and post-hospital discharge settings, decolonization has reduced infection rates. However, the effectiveness of this strategy in NHs is unclear. Methods We performed a cluster randomized trial of 1:1 universal decolonization (decol) vs standard of care bathing (control) in 28 California NHs. After an 18 month baseline evaluation of hospitalization rates due to infection and MDRO prevalence, NHs were randomized to decol or control. Decol consisted of 1) chlorhexidine bathing; 2) nasal povidone iodine bid on admission x 5d and then M-F biweekly x 18 mo. Primary outcome was the probability that a transfer to a hospital was due to infection. Secondary outcome was the probability that a NH discharge was to a hospital. Results Four of 28 NHs dropped from the trial (3 decol, 1 control). Mean facility baseline of hospital transfers due to infection was 58% and 57% in the control and decol groups. In the intervention period, proportions were 57% and 48% in the control and decol groups. When accounting for clustering within NHs, hospital transfers due to infection had an OR of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82-1.02) in the control group and an OR of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56-0.95) in the decol group when comparing intervention to baseline period. For the primary outcome, decol had a 18% greater impact v. control (P=0.005, Fig. A). Baseline proportion of NH discharges due to hospitalization was 37% and 39% in the control and decol groups. In the intervention period, proportions were 36% and 33%. When accounting for clustering within NHs, the proportion of discharges due to hospitalization had an OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06-1.22) in the control group and 0.91 (CI: 0.77-1.07) in the decol group when comparing the intervention period to the baseline period. For the secondary outcome, decol had a 23% greater impact v. control (P< 0.0001, Fig. B). In this figure, each nursing home is represented by a circle. The size of the circle represents the amount of contributed patient days to the trial. The groups represent “as randomized” categories. Panel A) compares the probability that a transfer to a hospital was due to infection; panel B) compares the probability that a nursing home discharge was to a hospital. The y-axis represents the odds ratio of these probabilities comparing the baseline to the intervention period. The p values represent the significance of the difference between groups (the trial effect). Conclusion Universal NH decolonization with chlorhexidine and nasal iodophor significantly reduced the proportion of transfers to hospitals due to infection and discharges due to hospitalization. Our findings suggest that NH decolonization reduces serious infections and can decrease morbidity in this vulnerable population. Disclosures Loren G. Miller, MD, MPH, Medline (Grant/Research Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Contributed product) Stryker (Other Financial or Material Support, Contributed product) Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Contributed product) James A. McKinnell, MD, Medline (Grant/Research Support) Raveena Singh, MA, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Gabrielle Gussin, MS, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Ken Kleinman, PhD, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals received contributed antiseptic products) Molnlycke (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals received contributed antiseptic products) Raheeb Saavedra, AS, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic products) Lauren Heim, MPH, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted clinical trials and studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Molnlycke (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals received contributed antiseptic product) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted clinical trials and studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic product) Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted clinical trials and studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic product) Shruti K. Gohil, MD, MPH, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Co-Investigator in studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Molnycke (Other Financial or Material Support, Co-Investigator in studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Co-Investigator in studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Susan S. Huang, MD, MPH, Medline (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Molnlycke (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products) Stryker (Sage) (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products)Xttrium (Other Financial or Material Support, Conducted studies in which participating hospitals and nursing homes received contributed antiseptic and cleaning products)

AbstractWe study a “conjugate” transform on matrix spaces. For Laurent/Toeplitz operators such a transform is a way of realizing the Hilbert transform on the torus. We establish its operator norm on Schatten classes and discuss the possibility of its boundedness upon permutations. Applications in the Rademacher–Menshov inequality and iterative methods are also included.

International audience A special case of Haiman's identity [Invent. Math. 149 (2002), pp. 371–407] for the character of the quotient ring of diagonal coinvariants under the diagonal action of the symmetric group yields a formula for the bigraded Hilbert series as a sum of rational functions in $q,t$. In this paper we show how a summation identity of Garsia and Zabrocki for Macdonald polynomial Pieri coefficients can be used to transform Haiman's formula for the Hilbert series into an explicit polynomial in $q,t$ with integer coefficients. We also provide an equivalent formula for the Hilbert series as the constant term in a multivariate Laurent series. Un cas spécial de l'identité de Haiman [Invent. Math. \textbf149 (2002), pp. 371–407] pour le caractère de l'anneau quotient des coinvariants diagonaux sous l'action du groupe symétrique fournit une formule pour la série de Hilbert bigraduée comme somme de fonctions rationnelles en q,t. Dans cet article nous montrons comment une identité de sommation de Garsia et Zabrocki pour les coefficients de Pieri des polynômes de Macdonald peut être utilisée pour transformer la formule de Haiman pour la série de Hilbert en un polynôme explicite en q,t à coefficients entiers. Nous présentons également une formule équivalente pour la série de Hilbert comme terme constant d'une série de Laurent multivariée.

In this paper, we introduce a series solution to a class of hyperbolic system of time-fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients. The fractional derivative has been considered by the concept of Caputo. Two expansions of matrix functions are proposed and used to create series solutions for the target problem. The first one is a fractional Laurent series, and the second is a fractional power series. A new approach, via the residual power series method and the Laplace transform, is also used to find the coefficients of the series solution. In order to test our proposed method, we discuss four interesting and important applications. Numerical results are given to authenticate the efficiency and accuracy of our method and to test the validity of our obtained results. Moreover, solution surface graphs are plotted to illustrate the effect of fractional derivative arrangement on the behavior of the solution.

We introduce the space [Formula: see text] of quaternion Hermitian forms of size [Formula: see text] on a [Formula: see text]-adic field with odd residual characteristic, and define typical spherical functions [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] and give their induction formula on sizes by using local densities of quaternion Hermitian forms. Then, we give functional equation of spherical functions with respect to [Formula: see text], and define a spherical Fourier transform on the Schwartz space [Formula: see text] which is Hecke algebra [Formula: see text]-injective map into the symmetric Laurent polynomial ring of size [Formula: see text]. Then, we determine the explicit formulas of [Formula: see text] by a method of the author’s former result. In the last section, we give precise generators of [Formula: see text] and determine all the spherical functions for [Formula: see text], and give the Plancherel formula for [Formula: see text].

The existing analytical models of shallow lined tunnels pay little attention to the coupled effects of slope angle and seepage, leading to an overestimation of tunnel stability. In order to overcome such a problem, based on the methods of coordinate transformation, complex function and conformal mapping, we attempt to provide an analytical approach to estimate the effective stress and deformation in shallow lined tunnels considering the corresponding influence factors in this study. First, the stress function is extended to the Laurent series in the complex plane, followed by Laplace transform and inverse transform methods on stress function, and the analytical solutions for stress and displacement fields around the tunnel are achieved during different stages. Then, Mein–Larson formula and G–A formula are used to obtain the pore water pressure and effective stress of surrounding rock and lining, considering the effects of rainfall and groundwater. The analytical solution provided in this study can be reduced without considering the lining support and slope angle effects. Furthermore, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed solution are achieved by a comparison of numerical results. Finally, a comprehensive parametric investigation based on the proposed solution is performed, including buried depth, slope angle and rainfall intensity. The results show that the small change of stress and deformation of the ground surface is observed as the buried depth becomes more than 30[Formula: see text]m. If the slope angle varies within a range from 0 to 30[Formula: see text], the influence of slope angle change on the stress and deformation of surrounding rock can be generally neglected. When the rainfall intensity is greater than a certain threshold or rainfall time is shorter than a value, these two parameters are in a limited effect on the seepage change.

AbstractFor a full rank lattice $$\Lambda \subset \mathbb {R}^d$$ Λ ⊂ R d and $$\textbf{A}\in \mathbb {R}^d$$ A ∈ R d , consider $$N_{d,0;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma ) = \# ([\Lambda +\textbf{A}] \cap \Sigma \mathbb {B}^d) = \# \{\textbf{k}\in \Lambda : |\textbf{k}+\textbf{A}| \le \Sigma \}$$ N d , 0 ; Λ , A ( Σ ) = # ( [ Λ + A ] ∩ Σ B d ) = # { k ∈ Λ : | k + A | ≤ Σ } . Consider the iterated integrals $$\begin{aligned} N_{d,k+1;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma ) = \int _0^\Sigma N_{d,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\sigma ) \,\textrm{d}\sigma , \end{aligned}$$ N d , k + 1 ; Λ , A ( Σ ) = ∫ 0 Σ N d , k ; Λ , A ( σ ) d σ , for $$k\in \mathbb {N}$$ k ∈ N . After an elementary derivation via the Poisson summation formula of the sharp large-$$\Sigma $$ Σ asymptotics of $$N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma )$$ N 3 , k ; Λ , A ( Σ ) for $$k\ge 2$$ k ≥ 2 (these having an $$O(\Sigma )$$ O ( Σ ) error term), we discuss how they are encoded in the structure of the Fourier transform $$\mathcal {F}N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\tau )$$ F N 3 , k ; Λ , A ( τ ) . The analysis is related to Hörmander’s analysis of spectral Riesz means, as the iterated integrals above are weighted spectral Riesz means for the simplest magnetic Schrödinger operator on the flat d-torus. That the $$N_{3,k;\Lambda ,\textbf{A}}(\Sigma )$$ N 3 , k ; Λ , A ( Σ ) obey an asymptotic expansion to $$O(\Sigma ^2)$$ O ( Σ 2 ) is a special case of a general result holding for all magnetic Schrödinger operators on all manifolds, and the subleading polynomial corrections can be identified in terms of the Laurent series of the half-wave trace at $$\tau =0$$ τ = 0 . The improvement to $$O(\Sigma )$$ O ( Σ ) for $$k\ge 2$$ k ≥ 2 follows from a bound on the growth rate of the half-wave trace at late times.

Résumé La morphologie et les dépôts de la plaine au sud-ouest de Montréal révèlent une dynamique glaciaire complexe. Des formes allongées (drumlinoïdes) subparallèles à l’axe du Saint-Laurent sont constituées d’un corps de till d’accrétion fissile et compact parfois recouvert d’un till de fusion ou d’un matériel grossier d’origine littorale, probablement glacielle. Ce modelé sous-glaciaire a d’abord été façonné par un important écoulement glaciaire du nord-est qui remontait les basses terres du Saint-Laurent en direction sud-ouest. Ceci est démontré par la présence de traceurs pétrographiques d’origine appalachienne, ainsi que par les trames de till et les microformes orientées dans ce même axe NE-SO. La genèse initiale de ce modelé s’apparente donc plus à celle des drumlins qu’à celle des formes transverses à l’écoulement, telles les moraines de Rogen ou côtelées. Ce sont avant tout des formes d’accumulation, mais la forte correspondance entre la plus grande partie des constituants du till et la lithologie locale, et l’excellent état de conservation des morceaux de lit glaciaire polis et striés montrent que la source de ces matériaux était proche. Ces drumlinoïdes fraîchement forgés ont été chevauchés par un second écoulement glaciaire, du nord-ouest ou du nord celui-là, sans qu’il y ait eu déglaciation. Bien qu’il ait laissé ses traces un peu partout sur le territoire, ce second flux glaciaire a peu transformé le modelé initial du nord-est. Toute la partie glaciaire des drumlinoïdes appartient à un seul et même épisode glaciaire du Wisconsinien supérieur. Les tills d’accrétion formant leur noyau sont corrélables entre eux, mais aussi à la presque totalité des tills les plus récents trouvés dans la région.

Black women in elective office in the United States have demonstrated how descriptive representative transforms democratic institutions. This transformation is most evident in previously uncrystallized interests, those new to the agenda or not yet owned by specific political groups (Mansbridge 1999), articulated in legislative communication and action. For instance, Black maternal health is an issue that addresses the disproportionately poor health outcomes among Black women, who face systemic barriers to equitable care (Crear-Perry et al. 2021). Congresswoman Lauren Underwood’s (D-IL) 2021 Momnibus legislation included 12 bipartisan bills to address racial and ethnic disparities faced by mothers, children, and individuals who birth. Indeed, the creation of the Black Maternal Health Caucus (BMHC) demonstrates the legislative agency of Black women to form identity- and issue-based coalitions that suit the needs of Black women—needs often overlooked by Black men and white women.

The post-truth ideology seems to question the possibility of credibility in present-day society; however, the very idea of truth remains potent. In this paper, we adopt the notion of parrhesia, or the mode of telling the uncomfortable truth without deceit and concealment, to analyze how the discourse of truth is presented in contemporary fiction. Avoiding its political aspects, we limit our study to the interpersonal level of parrhesia that shapes individuals as moral subjects and belongs to the domain of ethos. We select Lauren Oliver's novel “Before I Fall” for analysis because it resembles a confession that involves the characters and readers in the practice of truth-telling. Drawing from Foucauldian theory, we examine how the protagonist participates in the parrhesiastic game and how the truth transforms her after she completes the stages of search for the truth, test of the character, and care for oneself and others. We argue that in the novel truth-telling is related to the problems of school bullying, social separateness, and suicide. Through the rhetorical approach to narrative we show how narration reflects psychological and moral changes of the protagonist and examine how narrative judgments reveal the ethical values of the author and the readers. We analyse how the novel describes the problem of violence demonstrating that its source lies within the family and school where abusive adolescent conduct is caused by the inability of adults to create a healthy climate for children. Individuals deprived of emotional support and guidance tend to direct their rage and frustration towards others to reduce inner strain. Lauren Oliver demonstrates the effectiveness of the parrhesiastic practice in renewing social bonds between interlocutors and reducing violent behavior. We conclude that the novel establishes truth as the highest ethical value that includes developing a true self, leading a true life according to the principles and having courage to oppose false opinions of others.

Abstract Microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) was synthesized by using the in-situ polymerization technique. Dimethyl adipate (DMA) and melamine-formaldehyde were used as core and shell material for polymerization respectively. Sodium laureate sulphate (SLS) is used as a surfactant. The thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to confirm the chemical structure. The morphology of microcapsules was studied by using, scanning electron microscopy. DSC result of MPCM has been observed to melt at 10.09 °C with melting latent enthalpy 88 J/g and crystallizes at 4.69 °C with crystallization latent heat 89.50 J/g. TGA analysis confirms increases in the thermal stability of MPCM. The decorative coating was prepared with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 % MPCM loading, and the prepared paint was tested for pencil hardness, gloss, and stain resistances. The thermal energy transfer rate was used to measure how much time coated panel took to reach the equilibrium temperature of 25 °C. Coating with 20 % MPCM loading revealed good thermal storage capacity but other general coating properties deteriorate.

Introduction How do we measure intimacy? What are its impacts on our social, political and personal lives? Can we claim a politics to our intimate lives that escapes the normative confines of archaic institutions, while making social justice claims for relationship recognition? Negotiating some of these disparate questions requires us to think more broadly in contemporary public debates on equality and relationship recognition. Specifically, by outlining the impacts of the popular "gay marriage" debate, this paper examines the impacts of queer theory in association with public policy and community lobbying for relationship equality. Much of the debate remains polarised: eliminating discrimination is counterposed to religious or reproductive narratives that suggest such recognition undermines the value of the "natural" heterosexual family. Introducing queer theory into advocacy that oscillates between rights and reproduction problematises indexing intimacy against normative ideas of monogamy and family. While the arguments circulated by academics, lawyers, politicians and activists have disparate political and ethical impacts, when taken together, they continue to define marriage as a public regulation of intimacy and citizenship. Citizenship, measured in democratic participation and choice, however, can only be realised through reflexive politics that value difference. Encouraging critical dialogue across disparate areas of the marriage equality debate will have a significant impact on how we make ethical claims for recognising intimacy. (Re)defining Marriage In legislative terms, marriage remains the most fundamental means through which the relationship between citizenship and intimacy is crystallised in Australia. For example, in 2004 the Federal Liberal Government in Australia passed a legislative amendment to the Marriage Act 1961 and expressly defined marriage as a union between a man and a woman. By issuing a public legislative amendment, the Government intended to privilege monogamous (in this case understood as heterosexual) intimacy by precluding same-sex or polygamous marriage. Such an exercise had rhetorical rather than legal significance, as common law principles had previously defined the scope of marriage in gender specific terms for decades (Graycar and Millbank 41). Marriage as an institution, however, is not a universal or a-historical discourse limited to legal or political constructs. Socialist feminist critiques of marriage in the 1950s conceptualised the legal and gender specific constructs in marriage as a patriarchal contract designed to regulate female bodies (Hannam 146). However, Angela McRobbie notes that within a post-feminist context, these historical realities of gendered subjugation, reproduction or domesticity have been "disarticulated" (26). Marriage has become a more democratic and self-reflexive expression of intimacy for women. David Shumway elaborates this idea and argues that this shift has emerged in a context of "social solidarity" within a consumer environment of social fragmentation (23). What this implies is that marriage now evokes a range of cultural choices, consumer practices and affective trends that are incommensurable to a singular legal or historical term of reference. Debating the Politics of Intimacy and Citizenship In order to reflect on this shifting relationship between choice, citizenship and marriage as a concept, it is necessary to highlight that marriage extends beyond private articulations of love. It is a ritualised performance of heterosexual individual (or coupled) citizenship as it entrenches economic and civil rights and responsibilities. The private becomes public. Current neo-liberal approaches to same-sex marriage focus on these symbolic and economic questions of how recognising intimacy is tied to equality. In a legal and political context, marriage is defined in s5 Marriage Act as "the union between a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others, voluntarily entered into for life." While the Act does not imbue marriage with religious or procreative significance, such a gender dichotomous definition prevents same-sex and gender diverse partners from entering into marriage. For Morris Kaplan, this is a problem because "full equality for lesbian and gay citizens requires access to the legal and social recognition of our intimate associations" (201). Advocates and activists define the quest for equal citizenship by engaging with current religious dogma that situates marriage within a field of reproduction, whereby same-sex marriage is seen to rupture the traditional rubric of monogamous kinship and the biological processes of "gender complementarity" (Australian Christian Lobby 1). Liberal equality arguments reject such conservative assertions on the basis that desire, sexuality and intimacy are innate features of human existence and hence always already implicated in public spheres (Kaplan 202). Thus, legal visibility or state recognition becomes crucial to sustaining practices of intimacy. Problematising the broader social impact of a civil rights approach through the perspective of queer theory, the private/public distinctions that delineate citizenship and intimacy become more difficult to negotiate. Equality and queer theory arguments on same-sex marriage are difficult to reconcile, primarily because they signify the different psychic and cultural investments in the monogamous couple. Butler asserts that idealisations of the couple in legal discourse relates to norms surrounding community, family and nationhood (Undoing 116). This structured circulation of sexual norms reifies the hetero-normative forms of relationships that ought to be recognised (and are desired) by the state. Butler also interrogates this logic of marriage, as a heterosexual norm, and suggests it has the capacity to confine rather than liberate subjects (Undoing 118-20). The author's argument relies upon Michel Foucault's notion of power and subjection, where the subject is not an autonomous individual (as conceived in neo liberal discourses) but a site of disciplined discursive production (Trouble 63). Butler positions the heterosexuality of marriage as a "cultural and symbolic foundation" that renders forms of kinship, monogamy, parenting and community intelligible (Undoing 118). In this sense, marriage can be a problematic articulation of state interests, particularly in terms of perpetuating domesticity, economic mobility and the heterosexual family. As former Australian Prime Minister John Howard opines: Marriage is … one of the bedrock institutions of our society … marriage, as we understand it in our society, is about children … providing for the survival of the species. (qtd. in Wade) Howard's politicisation of marriage suggests that it remains crucial to the preservation of the nuclear family. In doing so, the statement also exemplifies homophobic anxieties towards non-normative kinship relations "outside the family". The Prime Ministers' words characterise marriage as a framework which privileges hegemonic ideas of monogamy, biological reproduction and gender dichotomy. Butler responds to these homophobic terms by alluding to the discursive function of a "heterosexual matrix" which codes and produces dichotomous sexes, genders and (hetero)sexual desires (Trouble 36). By refusing to accept the binary neo-liberal discourse in which one is either for or against gay marriage, Butler asserts that by prioritising marriage, the individual accepts the discursive terms of recognition and legitimacy in subjectifying what counts as love (Undoing 115). What this author's argument implies is that by recuperating marital norms, the individual is not liberated, but rather participates in the discursive "trap" and succumbs to the terms of a heterosexual matrix (Trouble 56). In contradistinction to Howard's political rhetoric, engaging with Foucault's broader theoretical work on sexuality and friendship can influence how we frame the possibilities of intimacy beyond parochial narratives of conjugal relationships. Foucault emphasises that countercultural intimacies rely on desires that are relegated to the margins of mainstream (hetero)sexual culture. For example, the transformational aesthetics in practices such as sadomasochism or queer polyamorous relationships exist due to certain prohibitions in respect to sex (Foucault, History (1) 38, and "Sex" 169). Foucault notes how forms of resistance that transgress mainstream norms produce new experiences of pleasure. Being "queer" (though Foucault does not use this word) becomes identified with new modes of living, rather than a static identity (Essential 138). Extending Foucault, Butler argues that positioning queer intimacies within a field of state recognition risks normalising relationships in terms of heterosexual norms whilst foreclosing the possibilities of new modes of affection. Jasbir Puar argues that queer subjects continue to feature on the peripheries of moral and legal citizenship when their practices of intimacy fail to conform to the socio-political dyadic ideal of matrimony, fidelity and reproduction (22-28). Puar and Butler's reluctance to embrace marriage becomes clearer through an examination of the obiter dicta in the recent American jurisprudence where the proscription on same-sex marriage was overturned in California: To the extent proponents seek to encourage a norm that sexual activity occur within marriage to ensure that reproduction occur within stable households, Proposition 8 discourages that norm because it requires some sexual activity and child-bearing and child-rearing to occur outside marriage. (Perry vs Schwarzenegger 128) By connecting the discourse of matrimony and sex with citizenship, the court reifies the value of marriage as an institution of the family, which should be extended to same-sex couples. Therefore, by locating the family in reproductive heterosexual terms, the court forecloses other modes of recognition or rights for those who are in non-monogamous relationships or choose not to reproduce. The legal reasoning in the case evinces the ways in which intimate citizenship or legitimate kinship is understood in highly parochial terms. As Kane Race elaborates, the suturing of domesticity and nationhood, with the rhetoric that "reproduction occur within stable households", frames heterosexual nuclear bonds as the means to legitimate sexual relations (98). By privileging a familial kinship aesthetic to marriage, the state implicitly disregards recognising the value of intimacy in non-nuclear communities or families (Race 100). Australia, however, unlike most foreign nations, has a dual model of relationship recognition. De facto relationships are virtually indistinguishable from marriage in terms of the rights and entitlements couples are able to access. Very recently, the amendments made by the Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws - General Reform) Act 2008 (Cth) has ensured same-sex couples have been included under Federal definitions of de facto relationships, thereby granting same-sex couples the same material rights and entitlements as heterosexual married couples. While comprehensive de facto recognition operates uniquely in Australia, it is still necessary to question the impact of jurisprudence that considers only marriage provides the legitimate structure for raising children. As Laurent Berlant suggests, those who seek alternative "love plots" are denied the legal and cultural spaces to realise them ("Love" 479). Berlant's critique emphasises how current "progressive" legal approaches to same-sex relationships rely on a monogamous (heterosexual) trajectory of the "love plot" which marginalises those who are in divorced, single, polyamorous or multi-parent situations. For example, in the National Year of Action, a series of marriage equality rallies held across Australia over 2010, non-conjugal forms of intimacy were inadvertently sidelined in order to make a claim for relationship recognition. In a letter to the Sydney Star Observer, a reader laments: As a gay man, I cannot understand why gay people would want to engage in a heterosexual ritual called marriage … Why do gay couples want to buy into this ridiculous notion is beyond belief. The laws need to be changed so that gays are treated equal under the law, but this is not to be confused with marriage as these are two separate issues... (Michael 2) Marriage marks a privileged position of citizenship and consumption, to which all other gay and lesbian rights claims are tangential. Moreover, as this letter to the Sydney Star Observer implies, by claiming sexual citizenship through the rubric of marriage, discussions about other campaigns for legislative equality are effectively foreclosed. Melissa Gregg expands on such a problematic, noting that the legal responses to equality reiterate a normative relationship between sexuality and power, where only couples that subscribe to dyadic, marriage-like relationships are offered entitlements by the state (4). Correspondingly, much of the public activism around marriage equality in Australia seeks to achieve its impact for equality (reforming the Marriage Act) by positioning intimacy in terms of state legitimacy. Butler and Warner argue that when speaking of legitimacy a relation to what is legitimate is implied. Lisa Bower corroborates this, asserting "legal discourse creates norms which universalise particular modes of living…while suppressing other practices and identities" (267). What Butler's and Bower's arguments reveal is that legitimacy is obtained through the extension of marriage to homosexual couples. For example, Andrew Barr, the current Labor Party Education Minister in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), noted that "saying no to civil unions is to say that some relationships are more legitimate than others" (quoted in "Legal Ceremonies"). Ironically, such a statement privileges civil unions by rendering them as the normative basis on which to grant legal recognition. Elizabeth Povinelli argues the performance of dyadic intimacy becomes the means to assert legal and social sovereignty (112). Therefore, as Jenni Millbank warns, marriage, or even distinctive forms of civil unions, if taken alone, can entrench inequalities for those who choose not to participate in these forms of recognition (8). Grassroots mobilisation and political lobbying strategies around marriage equality activism can have the unintentional impact, however, of obscuring peripheral forms of intimacy and subsequently repudiating those who contest the movement towards marriage. Warner argues that those who choose to marry derive pride from their monogamous commitment and "family" oriented practice, a privilege afforded through marital citizenship (82). Conversely, individuals and couples who deviate from the "normal" (read: socially palatable) intimate citizen, such as promiscuous or polyamorous subjects, are rendered shameful or pitiful. This political discourse illustrates that there is a strong impetus in the marriage equality movement to legitimate "homosexual love" because it mimics the norms of monogamy, stability, continuity and family by only seeking to substitute the sex of the "other" partner. Thus, civil rights discourse maintains the privileged political economy of marriage as it involves reproduction (even if it is not biological), mainstream social roles and monogamous sex. By defining social membership and future life in terms of a heterosexual life-narrative, same-sex couples become wedded to the idea of matrimony as the basis for sustainable intimacy and citizenship (Berlant and Warner 557). Warner is critical of recuperating discourses that privilege marriage as the ideal form of intimacy. This is particularly concerning when diverse erotic and intimate communities, which are irreducible to normative forms of citizenship, are subject to erasure. Que(e)rying the Future of Ethics and Politics By connecting liberal equality arguments with Butler and Warner's work on queer ethics, there is hesitation towards privileging marriage as the ultimate form of intimacy. Moreover, Butler stresses the importance of a transformative practice of queer intimacy: It is crucial…that we maintain a critical and transformative relation to the norms that govern what will not count as intelligible and recognisable alliance and kinship. (Undoing 117) Here the author attempts to negotiate the complex terrain of queer citizenship and ethics. On one hand, it is necessary to be made visible in order to engage in political activism and be afforded rights within a state discourse. Simultaneously, on the other hand, there is a need to transform the prevailing hetero-normative rhetoric of romantic love in order to prevent pathologising bodies or rendering certain forms of intimacy as aberrant or deviant because, as Warner notes, they do not conform to our perception of what we understand to be normal or morally desirable. Foucault's work on the aesthetics of the self offers a possible transformational practice which avoids the risks Warner and Butler mention because it eludes the "normative determinations" of moralities and publics, whilst engaging in an "ethical stylization" (qtd. in Race 144). Whilst Foucault's work does not explicitly address the question of marriage, his work on friendship gestures to the significance of affective bonds. Queer kinship has the potential to produce new ethics, where bodies do not become subjects of desires, but rather act as agents of pleasure. Negotiating the intersection between active citizenship and transformative intimacy requires rethinking the politics of recognition and normalisation. Warner is quite ambivalent as to the potential of appropriating marriage for gays and lesbians, despite the historical dynamism of marriage. Rather than acting as a progressive mechanism for rights, it is an institution that operates by refusing to recognise other relations (Warner 129). However, as Alexander Duttmann notes, recognition is more complex and a paradoxical means of relation and identification. It involves a process in which the majority neutralises the difference of the (minority) Other in order to assimilate it (27). However, in the process of recognition, the Other which is validated, then transforms the position of the majority, by altering the terms by which recognition is granted. Marriage no longer simply confers recognition for heterosexual couples to engage in reproduction (Secomb 133). While some queer couples may subscribe to a monogamous relationship structure, these relationships necessarily trouble conservative politics. The lamentations of the Australian Christian Lobby regarding the "fundamental (anatomical) gender complementarity" of same-sex marriage reflect this by recognising the broader social transformation that will occur (and already does with many heterosexual marriages) by displacing the association between marriage, procreation and parenting (5). Correspondingly, Foucault's work assists in broadening the debate on relationship recognition by transforming our understanding of choice and ethics in terms of "queer friendship." He describes it as a practice that resists the normative public distinction between romantic and platonic affection and produces new aesthetics for sexual and non-sexual intimacy (Foucault, Essential 170). Linnell Secomb argues that this "double potential" alluded to in Foucault and Duttman's work, has the capacity to neutralise difference as Warner fears (133). However, it can also transform dominant narratives of sexual citizenship, as enabling marriage equality will impact on how we imagine traditional heterosexual or patriarchal "plots" to intimacy (Berlant, "Intimacy" 286). Conclusion Making an informed impact into public debates on marriage equality requires charting the locus of sexuality, intimacy and citizenship. Negotiating academic discourses, social and community activism, with broader institutions and norms presents political and social challenges when thinking about the sorts of intimacy that should be recognised by the state. The civil right to marriage, irrespective of the sex or gender of one's partner, reflects a crucial shift towards important democratic participation of non-heterosexual citizens. However, it is important to note that the value of such intimacy cannot be indexed against a single measure of legal reform. While Butler and Warner present considered indictments on the normalisation of queer intimacy through marriage, such arguments do not account for the impacts of que(e)rying cultural norms and practices through social and political change. Marriage is not a singular or a-historical construction reducible to state recognition. Moreover, in a secular democracy, marriage should be one of many forms of diverse relationship recognition open to same-sex and gender diverse couples. In order to expand the impact of social and legal claims for recognition, it is productive to rethink the complex nature of recognition, ritual and aesthetics within marriage. 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