Статті в журналах з теми "Laundry Energy consumption"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Laundry Energy consumption.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-34 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Laundry Energy consumption".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
ElNashar, Zeinab, Omar Cherkaoui, Zlatin Zlatev, and ElSayed ElNashar. "LAUNDRY WASHING MACHINE FOR CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHING, WATER AND ENERGY IN EGYPT." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 16, no. 2 (2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2018.02.007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consumption of clothing, water and energy by washing laundry is one of the most widespread housework in the Egypt. Today, washing machines do this work in many private households, using water, energy, chemical substances, and process time. Although energy efficiency is in the focus of many regulations which have already achieved significant improvements, the question remains, how relevant these processes are in terms of the absolute impact on resources and whether there are possibilities to improve even further by looking abroad. This survey, which is based on published data, compares the energy and water consumption for automatic laundry washing in an average private household with the total energy and water consumption of private households. Only little data are available on resource consumption for laundry washing based on in-use measurements are hard to obtain. But although some of the data in this report are poor, this is the first work that tries to elucidate the contribution of automatic laundry washing to the total energy and water consumption of households in selected countries North Africa. The report estimates the resource consumption of roughly about 37.72 Million only household washing machines in five countries (Egypt, Libya, Algeria Tunes, Morocco,) with about 188.6 Million people, which is about one third of the North Africa population. The results of this work show that laundry washing in private households is done with quite different amounts of energy and water in different parts of the North Africa both in absolute and relative comparison to the overall household consumption. But due to different consumer habits in dealing with the achieved washing performance in the different global regions, the best practice in washing laundry in a most sustainable way cannot be determined yet. Further research is needed to form a basis for a most sustainable development of resource consumption in Private households.
2
Hu, Shan, Bo Zhang, and Yi Xu. "Using electric flocculation to treat domestic laundry wastewater with different types of detergents." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Laundry wastewater contains a large number of surfactants, suspended solids and other pollutants, and the COD value is high. If the wastewater is discharged into the water without harmless treatment, it will cause serious environmental pollution. The electrocoagulation process was selected as a promising environmentally friendly technology for treating domestic laundry wastewater. In this paper, the contribution of the liquid and powder detergents to the composition of domestic laundry wastewater was investigated. Combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes were compared. The effect of electrolysis time and current density on the removal of COD, LAS and turbidity of liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater were evaluated. The experimental results showed the electrocoagulation process has significant removal. It was found that the electrolysis time in 25 minute, current density in 5 mA/cm2 had optimum efficiency when considering efficient removal and economic energy consumption. For Liquid detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal rates were 84%, 93% and 96%. For powder detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal efficiency were 80%, 83% and 91%, respectively. Energy consumption in the optimum conditions for liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation were 7.324KWh/m3, 3.642KWh/m3, respectively, while using combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes equals 1 to 1.
3
Wang, Ji Ping. "Sustainability Trends in Home Laundry: Challenges and Opportunities for Textile Chemists." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.778.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering a life cycle of consumer apparel, the largest energy consumption is not in fiber production, not in fabric manufacturing and even not in textile wet processing such as dyeing/finishing. It is in home laundry. Making home laundry more sustainable has become a common goal for laundry industry, appliance industry, government agency and consumers. Four mega trends in home laundry resulted from energy saving and sustainability efforts are: a) lower washing temperature, b) less water usage, c) less petroleum chemicals and d) more mechanical actions. These trends are fundamentally changing the landscape of consumer apparel performance in home laundry such as wrinkle formation, color fastness, dye transfer stain removal, soil re-deposition, whiteness maintenance and many more. These trends not only provide textile chemists with challenges, but also opportunities for textile innovations.
4
Zhou, Li Ming, and Yu Gao Zhang. "Cotton Woven Fabric with Less Energy Consumption during Home Laundry." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cotton woven fabrics were treated with resin and hydrophobic agent for reducing the water retention value and improving the drying speed. The relationship among resin dosage, water retention value and drying speed were studied. The different fabrication methods of hydrophobic cottons were emphasized. When incorporating part of hydrophobic cottons in the fabric, the water retention value and drying speed of the fabric can be further improved, while the wearing comfort of the cotton fabrics can remain. By these treatments, the cotton apparels can be more easily washed and dehydrated and will consume less energy during home laundry and drying.
5
Yandri, Erkata, Ratna Ariati, Aep Saepul Uyun, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Herry Susanto, Kamaruddin Abdullah, Satriyo Krido Wahono, Yogo Adhi Nugroho, Abubakar Yaro, and Juris Burlakovs. "Potential Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Applications in a Small Industrial Laundry: A Practical Study of Energy Audit." E3S Web of Conferences 190 (2020): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019000008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for energy savings because the laundry industry consumes a lot of energy and water. If the laundry industries are not controlled, it will cause serious environmental and energy problems. The audit activity was divided into three stages. Pre-audit stage, the auditors were divided into groups with clear details of tasks and responsibilities, starting with conducting energy audits on the floor, analyzing statistical data, and process flow. Site audit stage; conduct an audit on the floor from the beginning to the end of the process, then collecting and confirming the statistical data for energy and production. Post-audit stage, complete the audit report that will be submitted or presented to the laundry management, which consists of; audit findings with loss or savings analysis, accompanied by recommendations for further improvement. The results show that there are many savings opportunities, especially by overcoming the energy wasted in the production process. Improvements can be made by overcoming energy waste and controlling energy consumption and production more efficiently, implementing renewable energy technology such as solar dryer and hybrid photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) collector, and then considering industrial revolution 4.0 with IoT and ICT.
6
Moon, Dami, Eri Amasawa, and Masahiko Hirao. "Laundry Habits in Bangkok: Use Patterns of Products and Services." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 4486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to define the use of product–service system (PSS) associated with laundry businesses, such as coin-operated self-service laundromats (CL) and laundry services (LS), in order to get a better understanding of the environmental implications of PSS in laundry habits in Bangkok, Thailand. The motivation to use PSS could vary according to the specific consumer needs often defined by cultures, and therefore the environmental impacts from the PSS use would result differently from country to country. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted with Bangkok residents to determine the laundry habits related to the use of PSS. As a result, the use of private washing machines (PW) was found to be the main option, and CL and LS were used as an additional option in the laundry habits. The most widely observed use pattern in Bangkok was the use of CL as an alternative to PW instead of buying a new machine for a new life in dormitories or other residences away from home. At that time, hand washing (HW) was also used for saving money and for the cleanliness. Regarding the environmental potential, the relationship between the PSS users and laundry habits was specifically analyzed. The group who uses PSS frequently tended to do laundry less often than those who only use PW. Meanwhile, the need for even more services is also expected to increase among the PSS users. The need to improve the quality of laundry is expected to increase with the improvement of quality of living in Bangkok in the near future. However, at the same time, these observations imply that a change of consumer behaviors related to the use of PSS determines the resulting energy consumption and environmental burdens. To further clarify sustainable consumption and production systems, a quantitative analysis of the environmental impact of the laundry habits remains as a future task.
7
Pakula, Christiane, and Rainer Stamminger. "Electricity and water consumption for laundry washing by washing machine worldwide." Energy Efficiency 3, no. 4 (January 8, 2010): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-009-9072-8.
Повний текст джерела
8
Khorram, Mahsa, Pedro Faria, Zita Vale, and Carlos Ramos. "Sequential Tasks Shifting for Participation in Demand Response Programs." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the proposed methodology minimizes the electricity cost of a laundry room by means of load shifting. The laundry room is equipped with washing machines, dryers, and irons. Additionally, the optimization model handles demand response signals, respecting user preferences while providing the required demand reduction. The sequence of devices operation is also modeled, ensuring correct operation cycles of different types of devices which are not allowed to overlap or have sequence rules. The implemented demand response program specifies a power consumption limit in each period and offers discounts for energy prices as incentives. In addition, users can define the required number of operations for each device in specific periods, and the preferences regarding the operation of consecutive days. In the case study, results have been obtained regarding six scenarios that have been defined to survey about effects of different energy tariffs, power limitations, and incentives, in a laundry room equipped with three washing machines, two dryers, and one iron. A sensitivity analysis of the power consumption limit is presented. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to accommodate the implemented scenario, respecting user preferences and demand response program, minimizing energy costs. The final electricity price has been calculated for all scenarios to discuss the more effective schedule in each scenario.
9
Lopes, Catia, Annibal Scavarda, Mauricio de Carvalho, Guilherme Vaccaro, and André Korzenowski. "Analysis of Sustainability in Hospital Laundry: The Social, Environmental, and Economic (Cost) Risks." Resources 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Personal and physical injuries are two of the most relevant costs to hospitals. Hospital laundries are sources of these costs due to the physical and health risks present in the clothes and the activities performed. Energy and environmental risk and infrastructure issues also incur operational costs to these organizations and to the health system. This research analyzes the social, environmental, and economic risk in the hospital laundry process, through a multiple-case-study design. Data collection methods include interviews regarding three hospital laundry services in Brazil. The processes of these laundry services have a high consumption of resources (water and energy) and a substantial generation of solid and liquid wastes. Cost reduction actions include pooled laundry services and material substitution. There are also social and environmental risks, the most frequent being ergonomic, biological, and chemical hazards, and injures from sharp devices inadequately disposed. Hospital laundries need more sustainable operations, not only in the infrastructure, but also mostly in the awareness of leaders and teams about the importance of their engagements to resource management and waste reduction in laundry. It is opportune to convince professionals and users about changing habits that do not prioritize sustainability, especially its social and environmental aspects.
10
Moon, Dami, Eri Amasawa, and Masahiko Hirao. "Consumer Motivation and Environmental Impact of Laundry Machine-Sharing: Analysis of Surveys in Tokyo and Bangkok." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 9756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A sharing economy is an alternative system that enables pro-environmental behavior by improving efficiency through product-sharing. However, some motivations and requirements for doing laundry can increase the environmental burden, which suggests that the laundry machine (LM) sharing is not necessarily sustainable. This study clarifies consumer motivations for laundry usage and assesses the feasibility of environmentally sustainable laundry behavior through LM-sharing. Consumer surveys were conducted in Tokyo and Bangkok with different LM-ownership proportions. Single-person households were targeted, reflecting Tokyo’s demographic situation. A scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of routine laundry behavior changes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Three main results emerged. First, Tokyo respondents used a coin-operated laundry machine (CL) for convenience, which private washers cannot provide, while Bangkok respondents used it for basic laundry needs. Consequentially, the Tokyo respondents, who used CLs, were responsible for more than three times the GHG emissions of Bangkok respondents. Second, the group using both private LM and CL was the least GHG-efficient group, regardless of region. Third, laundry behavior can reduce GHG emissions if consumer requirements are decreased. The results show that there is environmental significance in adopting LM-sharing for sustainable consumption and production systems that reflect regional characteristics.
11
Syalimono S, Himsar Ambarita, Farida Ariani, Alfian Hamsi, Tugiman, and Syahril Gultom. "ANALISA PERHITUNGAN KONSUMSI DAN BIAYA ENERGI UNTUK MESIN PENGERING PAKAIAN SISTEM POMPA KALOR DENGAN DAYA 1 PK." DINAMIS 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dinamis.v4i3.7104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analisa ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapai usaha laundry pada penyediaan mesin untuk pencuci dan pengering yang dapat bekerja cepat. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan perancangan yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu unit mesin pengering pakaian portable dengan menggunankan AC rumah yang berorientasikan pada upaya efisiensi energi listrik yang dapat diaplikasikan pada skala kecil dan besar . Analisa perhitungan konsumsi dan biaya energi untuk mesin pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor dengan daya 1 Pk didasarkan pada hasil perhitungan teoritis dan pompa kalor yang digunakan beroperasi menggunakan siklus kompresi uap menjadi batasan masalahnya. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengeringan pakaian pada sektor rumah tangga, khususnya usaha laundry di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan melalui perhitungan termodinamika dengan refrigeran yang dipakai HCFC-22. Kesimpulan perancangan ini diperoleh Spesific Energy Consumption (SEC) berbanding terbalik dengan Spesific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER). Untuk pengujian pengeringan kemeja memiliki rata-rata 22 kWh/kg dan pengeringan 1 pc celana jeans 41 kWh/kg. Dengan Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk proses pengeringan dengan menggunakan sistem pompa kalor berikut berkisar Rp 46,625,- per kilogram air.
12
Stamminger, Rainer. "Modelling resource consumption for laundry and dish treatment in individual households for various consumer segments." Energy Efficiency 4, no. 4 (February 18, 2011): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-011-9114-x.
Повний текст джерела
13
Smith, J. A., K. R. Neil, C. G. Davidson, and R. W. Davidson. "Effect of Water Temperature on Bacterial Killing in Laundry." Infection Control 8, no. 5 (May 1987): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700065954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe increasing cost of energy directed our attention to testing the feasibility of low temperature washing. Hospital laundries use formulated chemicals at high temperature wash waters of 66°C. Wash water effluents and fabric bacterial counts of heavily soiled linen were correlated with alkalinity and temperature measurements to investigate the bacterial killing action of hot and cold wash formulas. Terry towels were found to be contaminated with 107to 109organisms per 100 cm2at the beginning of the washing process. The most common gram-negative rods found wereKlebsiella, EnterobacterandSerratiaspecies. Staphylococci were the predominant gram-positives. Both cold and hot water washing including the bleach cycle reduced bacterial counts in fabric by 3 log10. Similarly, wash water cfu/mL declined 3 to 4 log10. A further 0.5 to 1.0 log10reduction was effected in the 93.3°C drying cycle. Low temperature wash formulas were comparable to high temperature laundry with respect to bacterial counts and species. Cold water formulas at 31.1°C offer an alternative method to reduce energy consumption and maintain bacteriological and esthetic linen quality.
14
Blagojević, Nenad, Djordje Dihovični, and Vlado Krunić. "ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HOT CONSUMPTION WATER FOR THE HOSPITAL." Advanced Engineering Letters 1, no. 1 (2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/adeletters.2022.1.1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents and analyzes the efficiency of a solar plant for the production of thermal energy, ie the preparation of hot water (DHW) in the hospital in Subotica. At the analyzed facility, solar collectors provide the complete needs of the hospital for hot water from spring to autumn, while in the second part of the year, the required thermal energy is obtained from additional sources. The solar plant consists of 144 solar collectors, where the total gross area of the collector is 362.6 m 2 and the installed power of the plant is 253.8 kW. During the analyzed period from 2014 to 2017, a total of 558 MWh of thermal energy was produced, ie energy equivalent to 58,613.43 kg of fuel oil was saved. This thermal energy was used for the needs of the kitchen, laundry, central sterilization, heating of the operating room, and etc.
15
Tavčer, Petra Forte, Katja Brenčič, Rok Fink, and Brigita Tomšič. "Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide on Disinfection and Soil Removal during Low-Temperature Household Laundry." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Water, Energy and Waste Directive, the European Commission provides for the use of household washing programmes with lower temperatures (30–40 °C) and lower water consumption. However, low washing temperatures and the absence of oxidising agents in the liquid detergents, and their reduced content in powder detergents, allow biofilm formation in washing machines and the development of an unpleasant odour, while the washed laundry can become a carrier of pathogenic bacteria, posing a risk to human health. The aim of the study was to determine whether the addition of hydrogen peroxide (HP) to liquid detergents in low-temperature household washing allows disinfection of the laundry without affecting the properties of the washed textiles even after several consecutive washes. Fabrics of different colours and of different raw material compositions were repeatedly washed in a household washing machine using a liquid detergent with the addition of 3% stabilised HP solution in the main wash, prewash or rinse. The results of the antimicrobial activity, soil removal activity, colour change and tensile strength confirmed the excellent disinfection activity of the 3% HP, but only if added in the main wash. Its presence did not discolour nor affect the tensile strength of the laundry, thus maintaining its overall appearance.
16
Maggipinto, Marco, Elena Pesavento, Fabio Altinier, Giuliano Zambonin, Alessandro Beghi, and Gian Antonio Susto. "Laundry Fabric Classification in Vertical Axis Washing Machines Using Data-Driven Soft Sensors." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Embedding household appliances with smart capabilities is becoming common practice among major fabric-care producers that seek competitiveness on the market by providing more efficient and easy-to-use products. In Vertical Axis Washing Machines (VA-WM), knowing the laundry composition is fundamental to setting the washing cycle properly with positive impact both on energy/water consumption and on washing performance. An indication of the load typology composition (cotton, silk, etc.) is typically provided by the user through a physical selector that, unfortunately, is often placed by the user on the most general setting due to the discomfort of manually changing configurations. An automated mechanism to determine such key information would thus provide increased user experience, better washing performance, and reduced consumption; for this reason, we present here a data-driven soft sensor that exploits physical measurements already available on board a commercial VA-WM to provide an estimate of the load typology through a machine-learning-based statistical model of the process. The proposed method is able to work in a resource-constrained environment such as the firmware of a VA-WM.
17
Nawir, Herman, Kusmanurwira Kusmanurwira, and Alif Firdaus. "Evaluasi Sistem Pemanfaatan Energi Listrik di Grand Clarion Hotel Makassar." Jurnal Sinergi Jurusan Teknik Mesin 17, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v17i1.1601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the hotel business, the use of energy is very important, especially in the use of electricity, the portion of usage and allocation of funds for its provision is the largest. It can be seen that equipment such as lights, elevators, refrigerators, laundry, heaters, pumps, to the air conditioning system are some of the dominant tools in operations in the hospitality world. The results of the initial energy audit and detailed audit at the Grand Clarion Hotel Makassar showed that the Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is still far from the standard, which is 300 kWh / m2 a year. The building uses the largest amount of electricity in the Grand Clarion Hotel Makassar in Building A, which is in the Guest Room area of the air conditioning unit. The results of the initial energy audit of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) electricity were 336.84 kWh / m2 year. Whereas based on the results of a detailed energy audit the electricity consumption intensity (IKE) of electricity is 395.51 kWh / m2 a year. Energy Saving Opportunities (PHE) in this energy audit is to evaluate the AC power in each room and recommend the replacement of lamp types. From the results of the IKE calculation after the application of PHE, it is found that the value is still quite high so that efforts to save must still be done.
18
Koenhardono, ES, DP Putri, and IR Kusuma. "Application of Hybrid Power Generation System on a Tanker Ship to Support the Development of Eco Ship Technology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1081, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The equator divides Indonesia into two parts, the areas located in North Latitude and South Latitude. This results in Indonesia having an abundant source of solar energy. Therefore, the use of hybrid power generation systems (solar cells and diesel generators) on ships can reduce generator fuel consumption, as well as reduce exhaust emissions from ships. This paper discusses the design of a hybrid power generation system on a tanker technically and economically. The total capacity of the solar panels installed on the ship can generate electrical energy of 885.2 kWh in a day. This electrical energy is used to supply electrical loads consisting of lighting, navigation equipment, radio communication, galley and laundry equipment, and air conditioner and refrigerator. The application of hybrid power plants on tankers can produce fuel consumption savings of 15.5% per year when compared to the use of conventional power generation systems. Meanwhile, the break event points due to the use of a hybrid generating system is less than 4 years or equivalent to the nominal total cost of Rp. 23,980,000,000.00 or $ 1,803,007.52.
19
Fiaschi, Daniele, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Assessment of the thermoelectric conversion potential of low-temperature waste heat from textile dry-cleaning processes." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911303019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Even though textile industry is not considered an energy intensive sector, it comprises a large number of plants consuming and wasting a significant amount of energy that could be, at least partially, conveniently recovered. The objective of this work is to assess the possibilities and convenience of energy recovery from waste heat of different processes of a dry industrial textile laundry. The various thermal wastes from the processes were identified and characterised, in order to estimate their potential recovery and conversion into electricity. A suitable system layout was conceived, in order to exploit the heat deriving from thermal waste of different machinery in the factory, having distinct temperature levels, to an ORC powerplant, which converts the recovered heat into electricity. The ORC cycle was optimized to maximize the thermoelectric efficiency, comparing different possible working fluids. The best fluid was RC318, from which 92.5 kW power output was achieved, at 9.2% efficiency. The economic analysis revealed, conservatively, a payback period of 7 years for the whole system, which is potentially very interesting. The amount of electricity produced by the waste heat recovery equipment is well matched to the company's electrical needs, resulting in a significant reduction of electricity consumption, greatly reducing the electrical withdrawal from the grid and the related costs. The case study, the proposed solutions and the methodology have general aspects and may be extended to a wide range of cases in the sector of industrial textile laundry.
20
Nasution, Dian Morfi, Himsar Ambarita, and Farel H. Napitupulu. "Optimasi Pengering Pakaian Sistem Pompa Kalor dengan Penambahan Alat Penukar Kalor." Talenta Conference Series: Energy and Engineering (EE) 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2018): 020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ee.v1i1.106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tingginya kesibukan masyarakat saat ini memacu banyaknya usaha laundry yang menawarkan jasa pencucian dan pengeringan pakaian dengan waktu yang singkat. Dalam hal ini sangat dibutuhkan sistem pengeringan pakaian yang efisien dari segi waktu dan energi serta tidak bergantung kepada cuaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor dengan menambahkan sebuah alat penukar kalor tipe plat datar untuk mendapatkan karakteristik pengeringan pakaian dan kinerja mesin pengering. Alat penukar kalor plat datar ditempatkan di antara ruang pengering dan evaporator. Pengeringan dilakukan terhadap 4 jenis bahan pakaian yang berbeda pada setiap variasi kecepatan udara. Diperoleh temperatur udara pada ruang pengering 48,24⁰C dengan kelembaban 24,6%. Laju pengeringan tertinggi diperoleh pada pengeringan 4 bahan pakaian secara bersamaan yaitu 0,3529 kg/jam yang menghasilkan nilai SMER sebesar 1,4537 kg/kWh dan SEC sebesar 0,6879 kWh/kg. Total prestasi pengering diperoleh 6,40 dengan efektivitas penukar kalor 62,24%. Semakin tinggi jumlah kadar air dengan waktu pengeringan yang singkat akan meningkatkan laju pengeringan. Laju pengeringan yang tinggi dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah akan menghasilkan nilai SMER yang tinggi dan menghasilkan nilai SEC yang rendah.
The high level of public activity is currently spurring the many laundry businesses that offer laundry and drying services in a short time. In this case, it needs efficient drying system in time and energy and not depending on weather. This study aims to optimize the heat pump system in drying clothes by adding a flat plate type heat exchanger to obtain the drying characteristic of clothes and the performance of the drying machine. Flat plate heat exchanger was placed between the drying chamber and the evaporator. The drying process was carried out in 4 different types of clothing material in each variation of air velocity. Air temperature was obtained in drying chamber of 48.24 ⁰C with a humidity of 24.6%. The highest drying rate was obtained from drying 4 clothing materials simultaneously, namely 0.3529 kg/hour which resulted in an SMER value of 1.4537 kg/kWh and SEC of 0.6879 kWh/kg. The total dryer performance was obtained at 6.40 with the effectiveness of heat exchanger 62.24%. The higher the amount of water in short drying time would increase the drying rate. A high drying rate with low energy consumption would result in a high SMER value and produce a low SEC value.
21
Shojaei, Omid. "Performance Evaluation of the Percarbonate and Perborate Bleach Activators Synthesized by a Low-Cost, Two-Step Method from Phenol." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 58, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2020-2339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Bleach activators decrease the energy consumption and fabrics damage in the process of laundry and industrial cotton bleaching. Herein, we demonstrate a low-cost, two-step method for the synthesis of sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate from phenol as a simple precursor material for efficient bleach activators. Initially, phenol was sulfonated to sodium p-phenolsulfonate. In the second step, it was acylated with nonanoyl chloride and dodecanoyl chloride to synthesize sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate and sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate, respectively. Sodium p-phenolsulfonate and the obtained bleach activators were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR-, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The investigation of their detergency efficiency on different stains and substrates revealed that the as-synthesized bleach activators outperform the commercial tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) at room temperature (25°C). The detergency efficiency of sodium lauroyloxybenzene sulfonate for hydrophobic stains at a rather low temperature of 40°C remarkably rises to about 90%.
22
Xu, Binbin, Qing Chen, Bailu Fu, Rong Zheng, and Jintu Fan. "Current Situation and Construction of Recycling System in China for Post-Consumer Textile Waste." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 16635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Waste recycling is an effective way to improve waste management, which is closely related to the support of social and economic foundations. With the development of a circular economy, green consumption is imperative. Most of the environmental protection brand enterprises are now almost limited to the environmental protection of clothing raw materials. However, there are still many problems in the overall industrial chain of the clothing industry, such as the pollution in the processes of processing, transportation and laundry, and the waste of resources caused by a large amount of textile waste after consumption. Starting from the theme of environmental protection and sustainable development of the clothing industry, this paper discusses the necessity of building a recycling system for post-consumer textile waste. Through the investigation of the recycling and reuse of domestic post-consumer textile waste, the existing problems are analyzed, such as the recycling supervision mechanism’s imperfections, the trust crisis and a lack of recycling channels. Combined with the successful cases abroad, some solutions and suggestions are put forward for the regeneration and reuse of post-consumer textile waste, and a preliminary conception of the charitable market system is made.
23
Laitala, Kirsi, Ingun Grimstad Klepp, Roy Kettlewell, and Stephen Wiedemann. "Laundry Care Regimes: Do the Practices of Keeping Clothes Clean Have Different Environmental Impacts Based on the Fibre Content?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 7537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Clothing maintenance is necessary for keeping clothing and textiles functional and socially acceptable, but it has environmental consequences due to the use of energy, water and chemicals. This article discusses whether clothes made of different materials are cleaned in different ways and have different environmental impacts. It fills a knowledge gap needed in environmental assessments that evaluate the impacts based on the function of a garment by giving detailed information on the use phase. The article is based on a quantitative wardrobe survey and qualitative laundry diary data from China, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA. The largest potential for environmental improvement exists in reducing laundering frequency and in the selection of washing and drying processes, and through a transition to fibres that are washed less frequently, such as wool. Adopting best practice garment care would give larger benefits in countries like the US where the consumption values were the highest, mainly due to extensive use of clothes dryers and less efficient washing machines combined with frequent cleaning. These variations should be considered in environmental assessments of clothing and when forming sustainability policies. The results indicate the benefits of focusing future environmental work on consumer habits and culture and not only technologies.
24
Musz-Pomorska, Anna, Marcin K. Widomski, and Justyna Gołębiowska. "Financial Sustainability of Selected Rain Water Harvesting Systems for Single-Family House under Conditions of Eastern Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2020): 4853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent climate changes limiting the available water resources require careful sustainable water management in the cities, the locations of highest drinking water consumption and sanitary sewage and stormwater generation. Over 50% of water demand in the residential areas of cities cover activities in which non-potable water could be used, e.g., toilets and laundry facilities, cleaning, garden irrigation and washing vehicles. Thus, rain water harvesting (RWH) systems are the sustainable alternative water supply, lowering drinking water consumption, by the usage of non-potable harvested water, and limiting the anthropopressure on natural water reservoirs. However, in many cases the social acceptance of RWH and willingness to pay may be affected by financial sustainability, including the affordability and profitability of the investment. This paper presents a case study concerning the financial sustainability of thirteen designs of RWH systems for a single-family house under the climatic and economic conditions of Eastern Poland, one of the poorest regions of the European Union. The financial sustainability of the tested RWH designs were based on indictors of cost-efficiency: dynamic generation cost, payback period, net present value and benefit–cost ratio. The performed analyses showed the limited profitability of the studied RWH designs and the insufficient governmental financial support which may significantly affect the social sustainability of the designs under the local conditions.
25
Prajapati, Suyesh, Aadit Malla, Narayan Prasad Adhikari, and Shubha Laxmi Shrestha. "Technical and Economic Assessment for the Promotion of Non- Carbonized Pellets in MSME Sector in Nepal." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pellets are densified biomass fuel compatible for household as well as industrial use. Pellets can be potentially used as an alternative fuel source in many medium, small and micro enterprises (MSME) such as dairy, dyeing, laundry, khoa making, pickle making, yogurt making, soap making enterprises etc. in Nepal. Despite of the presence of large number of such industries and abundant biomass resources, production and application of pellets as a fuel source is almost non-existent in Nepal. Hence, to assess the benefits of using pellets as alternative fuel, an applied research of pellets application was carried out in a dyeing industry. Energy, environment and economic performances of the dyeing industry was compared between the baseline scenario of utilizing sawdust and wood chips mixture in loose form with that of non-carbonized pellets application as an alternative fuel. Results showed decrease in specific energy consumption by 6% on utilizing non-carbonized pellets compared to baseline. In terms of the environmental performance, emission of CO decreased from 100 Mg/L to 10 Mg/L and CO2 emission decreased from 7.5% to 4%. Similarly, suspended particulate matter (SPM) emission decreased from 37.4 mg/Nm3 to 14.8 mg/Nm3 but the negligible increment of NO2 emission was observed. However, emission of SO2 increased significantly from 3.3μgm/m3 to 33.7μgm/m3. High Sulphur content was found in the pellet which could be from the lubrication used in the pellet machine, but this could not be confirmed. The economic analysis revealed that the energy cost was almost twice with pellet application which was mainly because of the higher cost of imported pellets. If the production could be initiated in Nepal, utilizing the abundantly available local biomass resources, the cost could be considerably lowered thus making use of such fuel economically feasible.
26
Tirado, Dolores, William Nilsson, Bartolomé Deyà-Tortella, and Celso García. "Implementation of Water-Saving Measures in Hotels in Mallorca." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 6880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The efficient management of water resources by the tourism sector is essential to be able to achieve sustainability in the future. Hotels, together with other tour operators, have a responsibility not to use more water than is absolutely necessary. Through a survey carried out in hotels on the island of Mallorca, we asked hotel managers about their water consumption and what types of water-saving measures they had introduced. We identified eleven water-saving measures, which were classified into “advanced” and “simple” according to the technical complications and the level of economic investment required. The numbers of measures of each kind that had been implemented were used as the dependent variables in two different Ordered Probit models. This method allowed us to identify the main variables that explain the introduction of water-saving measures. The significant main variables leading hotel managers to adopt simple water-saving initiatives are the existence of laundry facilities, the age of the hotel, and the number of stars. The same variables were found to be important for the introduction of advanced measures. The main drivers for introducing water-saving measures were the reduction in costs, followed by environmental concerns, while legal requirements and customer loyalty were found to be the least important drivers.
27
Nolde, E. "Greywater recycling systems in Germany — results, experiences and guidelines." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0368.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although Germany is not considered a water-poor country, there exist regional differences in water supply and consumption. During the past 15 years, the greywater aspect has been dealt with in Germany with a greater interest and variable success. In addition to an increased environmental awareness, water costs also play an important role in increasing the demand for advanced greywater treatment plants installed in buildings. Under favourable conditions, the amortisation costs usually lie between 5 and 7 years. Systems that have been extensively tried and tested and have been shown to be most reliable are those employing an advanced biological treatment followed by an UV disinfection. Systems based on membrane technology are being developed and researched intensively in Germany for municipal wastewater treatment. However, so far they play no role in greywater recycling. Greywater systems operating under low energy and maintenance requirements without the use of chemicals are mostly favoured. In Germany, greywater recycling systems should be registered at the Health Office in order to guarantee that no cross-connections exist with the drinking water network and that pipes are labelled according to regulations. The hygienic requirements for recycled greywater, which is primarily used for toilet flushing, are oriented towards the EU-Guidelines for Bathing Waters. The use of recycled greywater for irrigation purposes is minor. As to the use of recycled water for laundry, the first promising investigation results are now available.
28
Welch, Daniel, Giuliana Mandich, and Margit Keller. "Futures in Practice: Regimes of Engagement and Teleoaffectivity." Cultural Sociology 14, no. 4 (August 21, 2020): 438–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520943167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article triangulates Schatzki’s practice theory (2002) and Thévenot’s (2001) ‘regimes of engagement’ with the nascent field of ‘social futures’ or future-oriented cultural sociology (e.g. Coleman and Tutton 2017; Mische 2009). We present a reading of Thévenot’s regimes of engagement that is ontologically compatible with Schatzki’s account of social practices and argue that practices are more or less enmeshed in distinct regimes of engagement. We aver that while people engage reality through distinct regimes of engagement they do so, to follow Schatzki, primarily in the context of social practices. We then articulate this account with Giuliana Mandich’s (2019) work on the different modes of engagement with the future, or forms of reflexive projectivity, that are expressed through Thévenot’s regimes: that of practical anticipation for the regime of the familiar; of probability for the regime of the plan; of possibility for the regime of justification; and of discovery for the regime of exploration. This synthesis enables a practice theoretical account of the different modes through which actors engage with the future that is, we suggest, analytically superior to both Thévenot’s and Schatzki’s tendency towards a mono-dimensional view of agents’ projectivity towards the future. We illustrate the synthesis of practices, regimes of engagement and modes of projectivity chiefly through a study of domestic laundry practice conducted by Southerton and Mylan (2018). We suggest this theoretical development may be productively applied to practice theoretical work informing understanding of issues such as sustainable consumption, mobility and energy use, as well as social change more broadly.
29
Buehler, Devi, Nadine Antenen, Matthias Frei, Christoph Koller, Diederik P. L. Rousseau, Andreas Schoenborn, and Ranka Junge. "Towards Water and Energy Self-Sufficiency: a Closed-Loop, Solar-Driven, Low-Tech Laundry Pilot Facility (LaundReCycle) for the Reuse of Laundry Wastewater." Circular Economy and Sustainability, July 12, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00077-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the scope of this study, a pilot facility for the recycling of laundry effluent was developed and tested. With the aim to enable nearly complete energy and water self-sufficiency, the system is powered by a photovoltaic plant with second-life batteries, treats the wastewater within the unit and constantly reuses the treated wastewater for washing in a closed cycle. The technology for wastewater treatment is based on a low-tech approach consisting of a physical/mechanical pre-treatment and biological treatment in trickling filter columns. The treatment process is operated in batch mode for a capacity of five washing cycles per day. During five weeks of operation water quality, energy consumption and production, water losses and washing performance were monitored. The system recovered 69% of the used water for the washing machine while treating the wastewater to the necessary water quality levels. The average COD removal rate per cycle was 92%. Energy analysis was based on modelled data of the monitored energy consumption. With the current set-up, an internal consumption rate of 80% and self-sufficiency of 30% were modelled. Future developments aim at increasing water and energy self-sufficiency and optimizing the water treatment efficiency.
30
Suleiman, Jibrin Hassan, Saeed Balubaid, Nasiru Mohammed Zakari, and Egba Ernest Ituma. "DWELLING FACTORS EFFECT ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION." Jurnal Teknologi 77, no. 15 (December 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most of the developing countries experience rapid urbanization and population growth, Malaysia is among these countries as the population and the energy consumption in the country tremendously increased over the last few decades. A major challenge is the rate of energy consumption in the country is tremendous going higher which is a threat as the country was listed 26th out of the 30 top greenhouse emitters in the world. A survey was conducted on the ways occupants’ consumes energy in their residential buildings in relation to dwelling factors in the State of Johor Malaysia. Energy consumption of the residential owners was assessed using drop and pick self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaires were answered by each household heads. Air conditioning system, refrigeration system, kitchen appliances, bathroom and laundry appliances, lighting appliances as well as other home appliances was considered in the survey. Correlation analysis was used using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the results. The finding shows a positive relationship between dwelling factors. r ≥ 0.3 and above between dwelling factors and residential building energy consumption.
31
Wang, Xiaoyan, Jinmei Du, and Changhai Xu. "Reactions in Activated Peroxide Systems and their Influences on Bleaching Performance." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17 (October 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x17999201029191747.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract:: Activated peroxide systems are formed by adding so-called bleach activators to aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, developed in the seventies of the last century for use in domestic laundry for their high energy efficiency and introduced at the beginning of the 21st century to the textile industry as an approach toward overcoming the extensive energy consumption in bleaching. In activated peroxide systems, bleach activators undergo perhydrolysis to generate more kinetically active peracids that enable bleaching under milder conditions while hydrolysis of bleach activators and decomposition of peracids may occur as side reactions to weaken the bleaching efficiency. This mini-review aims to summarize these competitive reactions in activated peroxide systems and their influence on bleaching performance.
32
Saha, Swapan, Dharma Hagare, Jiaqi Zhou, and Md Kamrul Hassan. "COMPARISON OF COOLING AND HEATING REQUIREMENTS BETWEEN BRICK VENEER AND FIBRO CEMENT WALLING SYSTEM." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 4, no. 1 (July 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2017.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Space cooling and heating in residential sector is significant contributor to energy consumption in Australia. Therefore, it is important to reduce the cooling and heating requirements. The selection of a good walling system helps to save energy by homes. This research compared the thermal efficiency of a modern house (constructed using brick veneer walls with concrete floor slab) with an old house (constructed using fibro cement walls raised timber floor) using the AccuRate simulation tool. A standard house with two living rooms, one kitchen, one laundry and four bedrooms are simulated in a Sydney Suburb in Australia. It was found that modern house showed lower inside temperature variation than the old house all year around. The results also showed that the modern house has a lower energy consumption for space heating and cooling than the old house. The annual energy use for space heating and cooling in both the modern house and old house were 5197 kWh and 15,712 kWh respectively. Moreover, the annual energy costs were found to be $1,403 and $4,242 respectively for modern and old houses. The modern brick veneer house saved about 33 % of energy compared to old old house. When the net present value of the energy cost for f both houses over 50 years is computed, the energy cost of modern house was found to be $25,629 while it of old house is was $77,488 for the old house.
33
KORKMAZ MEMİŞ, Nazife, and Sibel KAPLAN. "A novel approach for developing smart cotton fabric with dynamic breathability and easy care features." TEKSTİL VE KONFEKSİYON, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.1065260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with temperature-water responsive nanocomposites consisting of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs), for smart crease recovery/retention functions besides breathability with dynamic porosity. The smart crease recovery/retention functions were determined in air/water at different temperatures and relative humidity simulating laundry and drying processes and air permeability test was conducted at different fabric temperatures. Also, physical-mechanical properties (weight, thickness, bending rigidity, and strength) and washing fastness properties were evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses confirm the SMPU-CNW nanocomposite presence on fabric. Test results show that the treated cotton fabrics have not only dual responsive shape memory properties providing smart permeability, but also dynamic crease recovery/retention with enhanced mechanical properties. This method could contribute t ecological and economic aspects of sustainability as a result of less energy and polymer consumption with non-ironing property and treatment procedures and low chemical footprint.
34
Covella, Bianca, Luigi Rossi, Simone Corciulo, Antioco Fois, Carlo Lomonte, and Giorgina Piccoli. "MO1052GREEN DIALYSIS: FROM MITH TO FUTURE." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab113.008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background and Aims Over 2 million persons of the 7.8 billion world population undergo hemodialysis (HD). The need is underestimated because dialysis is not available free of charge for more of half of the word population. HD is costly process and produces a large quantity of medical waste. Reducing the environmental burden should be addressed as part of implementation dialysis programs. While collaboration between physicians and several different professionals is needed to design and develop projects in this direction, these are lingering and the literature is still scant. We overviewed literature to frame what is in progress and find clues for development. Method We conducted a systematic review of the literature from 2000 searching in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using search keywords including dialysis, green, recycling, ecology. We retrieved 41 publications in medical and technological fields. The results were summarized in a narrative review. Results Facilities: the points on which attention is focused are the design of new buildings, whose project should encompass green solutions, including solar power and water conservation, to reduce long-term expenses and ensure an eco-friendly development. Water: water consumption remains high, and the essential targets to improve efficiency are the optimization of the reverse osmosis system, and of the dialysate flow rate, and the waste-water management. The current idea is to substitute standard reverse osmosis, which have a high percent of waste-water, with recirculating systems. Likewise, lowering of dialysate flow rate could spare water consumption with no significant difference in term of efficiency. Moreover, different solutions have been proposed to reuse reject water: local sanitation, laundry departments, sterilization units within health facilities using redirected water, landscaping and irrigation. Power: electricity needed per dialysis session is twice the average daily consumption of a family of four people. Use of renewable energies, as solar or wind power, has been proposed, and are occasionally applied to home HD. To date just one attempt has been made to recycling energy by using hydroturbine. Disposable materials: most of dialysis disposables is made of plastic, over half of which is labeled as “potentially hazardous”. Only a minimal part of the plastic used in dialysis disposables is recyclable, both because of its composition and its assembly which makes in fact impossible the segregation of the different components. Present research regards bioplastics, new assembling techniques, alternative technologies of incineration, microwave treatment, alkaline hydrolysis, biological treatment and the new steam sterilize-then-shred system. Dialysis machines: at the best of our knowledge there are no studies available about dialysis machine recycling. Personnel education: the role of dialysis staff is essential in recycling and reusing materials as well as in correctly dividing contaminated and non-contaminated waste. Conclusion The development of sustainable buildings, devices and procedures requires a multidisciplinary approach: medical, chemical, biological, engineering; in addition producers contribution and government regulation are needed. Talking about these issues, involving specialists, spreading the concepts of planet friendly treatments, gives the opportunity to share ideas, experiences and turn them into relevant innovations. A good starting point could be data collection to identify critical issues and outline pragmatic operational possibilities to reduce consumption, increase reuse and recycle, involve and instruct health care personnel, integrate dialysis facilities in the environment they are built in.