Дисертації з теми "Latex naturel"
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Gay, Gérard. "L'allergie immediate au latex naturel." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1042.
Повний текст джерелаWisunthorn, Pansook Suwaluk. "Etude de l'élaboration par séchage et des propriétés fonctionnelles de films à base de latex naturel d'Hevea brasiliensis." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20051.
Повний текст джерелаAlousque, Fanny. "Etude de la stabilité colloïdale du latex de caoutchouc naturel." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066648.
Повний текст джерелаThis work, in collaboration with Michelin for the fabrication of composite materials, deals with the colloidal stability of the latex of natural rubber (NR). The NR latex is a polydisperse colloidal dispersion of a bio-polymer in an aqueous serum. The particles are stabilized by a complex layer of phospholipids and proteins. This dispersion can be coagulated by a physical way (under shearing), or by a physical-chemical way (addition of divalent cations or hydrophobic particles). In this thesis, we studied the coagulation of the NR latex by divalent cations with physical-chemical tools (stability diagrams with different cations, aggregation kinetic of particles, rheological measuremments). Then, the surface of NR particles has been characterized by electrophoresis, firstly in the presence surfactants and secondly depending on the particles size. From the results of the first part we suggest that the coagulation with divalent cations is due to a screening effect because of the increase of ionic strength and that divalent cations can bridge the particles together. This allows keeping them in contact. Adhesion between polymer chains near the surface ensures the irrversible cohesion. In a second time, we saw that the adsorption of surfactants changes the particles surface and the coagulation of NR latex with cations. A small difference of surface charge is observed between the biggest and the smallest NR particles. Finally, a similar behavior has been obtained with a synthetic latex in presence of divalent cations. Our results could be used to develop an industrial process based on this coagulation phenomenon
GIBAUD, BERTRAND. "Le latex de caoutchouc naturel et sa biocompatbilite (en particulier avec le tissu osseux)." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT038M.
Повний текст джерелаRubio, Alexandre. "Dépollution d'un effluent industriel complexe par filtration membranaire : propriétés du latex naturel de skim concentré." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0013.
Повний текст джерелаNatural rubber latex (LCN) is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of polyisoprene (PI) natural rubber. After concentration, LCN (1,2 Mt/an) has many applications (surgical gloves, condoms) thanks to the properties of its main component, PI. Centrifugation concentration is mainly performed, producing a co-product (skim) with low rubber particle content (5% weight) but rich in non-rubber compounds. Its current recovery (H2SO4 coagulation) leads to low-quality rubber and the final effluent is hazardous for rivers (H2S). Previous filtration tests have proven the feasibility of the concept, but showed low productivity, coagulation problems and clogging.The thesis aims for a skim concentration process by ultrafiltration (UF), recovering the valuable PI and reducing the load of the effluent - for industrial application – within the Filtexcol project (ADEME). The process optimization included chemical and physicochemical characterization beyond only hydrodynamic parameters with a pilot plant. The chemical composition (non-rubber compounds) of the studied skims varies (lipid content, protein, anionic and nonionic surfactants (TA)). Their shear stability is measured with a rapid test developed to be factory use compatible, adapted to low load medium (PI ~3-5% ; non-PI ~2%). The UF suitability of the skim can be estimated via its high shear stability, the main limiting factor. The stability increases with the extractible protein and the non-ionic TA content. It is improved by precise additive amounts otherwise leading to the opposite effect. However stability is not related to the Zeta potential. The effect of nonionic TA (mono and diacylglycerol) formed by lipid hydrolysis indicates stabilization by steric repulsion, but the correlation also observed with proteins combined to anionic TA (soaps) in high concentration and optimal pH above 9,5 can also involve electrostatic repulsion.Our results show a complex structure different from the concentrated LCN’s. These results related to physcochemistry controlling the stability of the skim, combined with granulometry, allowed to choose through a 10L pilot the pump type (critical equipment due to the risk of high shear) and the membrane (ZrO2), to build a 100L pilot with a multicanal industrial membrane module, to determine a critical UF area (transmembrane pressure, tangential speed, retentate return rate) regarding the permeate flux J (critical flux, limit flux) and the partially optimized conditions via an experimental plan combined with artificial neural network simulation.PH control during cleaning and membrane conditioning ensures high J since early UF operation. But even outside of the critical area, initial J is very inferior to J-water (1/20), the rapid skim-membrane interaction introduces the main hydraulic resistance then J remains stable, reflecting the absence of subsequent interactions. Concentrating PI (retentate) increases proportionally the resistance to the volume concentration factor ~3 after which it decreases only slightly.J stabilizes at 20 L/h.m² after 20h of UF. The filtration state searched by the power law is SBM : low membrane fouling during concentration (partial blockage inside the pores). The entire PI and the particle-associated non-PIs (proteins and lipids) are retained and concentrated into the 100L pilot until ~40% dry matter; the chemical oxygen demand of the new effluent is divided by 4. These performance open the way to larger-scale trials and promising applications
Bellacicco, Sophie. "Etude de l’impact de l’origine clonale du latex d’Hevea brasiliensis sur la composition biochimique du latex et la mésostructure du caoutchouc naturel." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0003.
Повний текст джерелаNatural rubber produced from Hevea brasiliensis latex possesses remarkable properties which have not been matched by its synthetic counterparts. However, this natural origin material presents a disadvantage: the significant variability of its properties. This variability has been partly ascribed to the 3 to 5% non isoprene components (lipids, proteins, sugars and minerals) present in the natural rubber. Among the factors that could be held responsible for this variability, clonal origin seems to be decisive.The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clonal origin on the biochemical latex composition and on natural rubber mésostructural characteristics and also to study relationships between genotype, latex biochemical composition and rubber mesostructure. This study was conducted with five Hevea brasiliensis clones: GT1, RRIM600, PB235, PB217 and PB260. Before clonal characterization, preliminary studies were performed to determine the suitable sampling conditions in order to get the latex samples that represented as much as possible the clones. Fresh latex is an unstable material. It was decided to work on freeze-dried latex for the biochemical components analysis (except lipids) and for the natural rubber mesostructure study. Protocols for proteins and sugars' extractions on freeze-dried latex have been developed on the natural rubber solubilizing properties in organic media. Lipids extractions was performed according to the protocol developed by Liengrayoon (Liengprayoon , 2008) on fresh latex.The different results obtained on the latex biochemical composition and the natural rubber mesostructure allowed to clearly observe the clonal origin importance. Study of relationships between genotype and latex biochemical composition (PCA) has clearly shown that the clonal origin played an important role in the total variability of latex biochemical data. Analysis of relationships between latex biochemistry and natural rubber mesostructure helped highlight interesting correlations of lipids and proteins with mesostructure (mainly Mn and I).This biochemical analysis of clonal latex has proved to be appropriate for studying the clonal diversity and its repercussions on the natural rubber mesostructure. This approach of Hevea brasiliensis clonal diversity, and the knowledge gained from this study, provides a solid basis to be completed by further studies on different plantations, different clones and further biochemical and structural analyses
Musigamart, Natedao. "Study of the role of lipids from maturated coagula from Hevea brasiliensis latex on natural rubber behavior in oxidative conditions." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаNatural rubber (NR), a derived product from H. brasiliensis latex, is known for its high mechanical properties that are, for some, superior to those of its synthetic counterparts. However, the high degree of unsaturation of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) makes it susceptible to thermo-oxidation. Fortunately, NR is endowed with non-isoprene components of which some have antioxidant properties. Especially, lipids, the main non-isoprene component retained in NR, have been reported to contain antioxidant substances, especially tocotrienols. It is well known that during the maturation of latex coagula, both NR physical properties and chemical composition are altered, but the complex mechanisms of this alteration are still to be elucidated. In the present work, the evolution of some native antioxidant molecules during maturation was followed in relation with some physical properties. Two experimental conditions of maturation were chosen. The first experiment involved uncontrolled conditions based on traditional unsmoked (USS) or ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) processing, while the second was performed in a dedicated maturation device with full control of environmental factors (relative humidity, temperature and oxygen content) followed by a processing based on that of Technically Specified Rubber (TSR). The evolution of samples during maturation was studied at different scales: bulk properties (P0, P30 and PRI), mesostructure (% gel content, Mw and Mn) and biochemical composition (lipids components). In parallel, in vitro antioxidant activity of NR lipid extracts was also investigated using an optimized DPPH method. Lipid quantity and quality evolved during maturation, especially under aerobic conditions. The total amount of lipid extract decreased, with a release of free fatty acids at early stage of maturation followed by a later decrease, unsaturated fatty acids being the first to disappear. The amount of extractable free γ-tocotrienol did not change much during maturation, while its esterified form was enriched in saturated fatty acids. The antioxidant activity measured in vitro correlated well with free γ-tocotrienol concentration but not with the resistance of rubber to thermo-oxidation assessed by P30 or PRI. Indeed, the in vitro conditions of measurement were far from those occurring inside rubber material. The localization of antioxidants in rubber and especially their physical possibility to interact with the double bonds of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) or with oxidant species should be further investigated to understand what drives the drop of P30 along maturation time. Non extractable lipids or more polar non-isoprene molecular species (proteins, polyphenols, etc…) could also influence the resistance to thermo-oxidation
Salomez, Mélanie. "Etude du rôle des microorganismes dans les modifications biochimiques intervenant lors de la maturation des coagulums de latex d’Hevea brasiliensis : impact sur les propriétés du caoutchouc naturel sec." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0002.
Повний текст джерелаThe overall objective of this thesis was to study the microbial mechanisms involved in the evolution of the structure and the properties of the natural rubber from Hevea brasiliensis during the maturation of latex and cup-coagula. For this, three levels of analyses were performed on maturation experiments under controlled conditions: dry rubber structure and properties, biochemistry and microbial flora. After a methodology development phase aiming at (i) optimizing maturation conditions in a controlled chamber and (ii) defining suitable DNA extraction methods, samples of serum and dry rubber coagulum were produced at different times and under different maturation treatments varying three parameters: the presence of microorganisms, the presence of oxygen, and the latex coagulation method. Dry rubber analyses concerned macrostructure (P0, P30 and PRI) and mesostructure (Mw, Mn and total gel). The microbial flora was analyzed using several complementary methods: plate-counts, total DNA determination, cloning / sequencing and 454 pyrosequencing. The objective was to assess microbial diversity on field and in latex, and to follow the dynamics of their evolution during maturation in a controlled environment. Various biochemical investigations were performed on latex, serum and dry rubber (nitrogen content, proteins, lipids, sugars, quebrachitol, organic acids). The results were then analyzed for correlations to propose mechanisms linking changes in dry rubber properties, latex and coagula biochemistry, and their evolution under the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Some ideas for improving technical routes in the process are also proposed
Schneider, Michael. "Renforcement de polymeres avec des particules composites de latex a base de caoutchouc naturel." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13216.
Повний текст джерелаCHALLIOUI, GILLET CAROLE. "Degradation du caoutchouc naturel en phase latex par oxydation controlee. Action du couple phenylhydrazine/oxygene sur un modele des structures polyisopreniques." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA1024.
Повний текст джерелаRitoit-Gillier, Sandrine. "Réactions de coupure de chaînes pour la valorisation des polyisoprènes sous forme de cis-1,4-oligoisoprènes téléchéliques : application au latex de caoutchouc naturel." Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1021.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Yi. "Identification des gènes impliqués dans la production et la détoxication des espèces activées de l'oxygène chez Hevea brasiliensis et leur caractérisation dans le latex." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG004/document.
Повний текст джерелаHevea brasiliensis, a tropical tree, is the main commercial source of nature rubber. The rubber biosynthesis occurs in specialized latex cells of rubber tree. Up 90% dry weight of latex is nature rubber. The milky latex flows out from cut latex cells by tapping rubber tree trunk bark. Rubber exploitation by tapping every several days is very stressful for the bark of rubber tree. To stimulate latex production, ethylene releaser is applied during rubber exploitation in some cases. The stress is increased after hormone stimulation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated when plant suffers stresses from environment and harvesting activity. Over a certain limit of stress, ROS bursting is motivated in latex cell. A lots of the evidences showed that the ROS lead to the peroxidatic degradation of the unsaturated lipids of the membrane and then to destabilisation and lysis of the organelles. Lysis of the lutoids results in liberation of coagulating factors into latex and coagulation in situ of rubber particles in stressed trees. This serious physiology syndrome is tapping panel dryness (TPD) which is one of main factor limiting rubber production.This PhD aims at identifying ROS production and scavenging genes and their characterizations in latex cell. Firstly, we made a comprehensive bibliography study on ROS production and scavenging genes both in rubber tree and model plant. The NADPH oxidase was considered as the main source of ROS in the stressed trees. ROS scavenging enzymes and antioxidants constituted the ROS scavenging systems in latex. Secondly, based on a genome-wide analysis, 407 genes involved in ROS production and scavenging were identified. Thirdly, based on a transcriptome analysis, 164 redox-related genes were detected expressing in latex of clone SP217 and 161 genes expressing in latex of clone PB260. Fourthly, based on small RNA and degradome analysis, 13 genes were shown to be targeted by 11 microRNAs and 15 genes by 16 phased siRNA in latex. Lastly, this study illustrated specific regulation systems of ROS production and scavenging in latex. HbRBOH2 was identified as the main source gene of ROS in latex. HbCuZnSOD4 might be the most important ROS scavenging gene to detoxify the ROS in latex of TPD tolerant tree
Tangboriboonrat, Pramuan. "Contribution à l'étude du latex de caoutchouc naturel par transfert de phase : application à la préparation d'alliages de polymères." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0194.
Повний текст джерелаNozet, Quentin. "Structure et propriétés de matériaux composites obtenus par hétérocoagulation de latex de caoutchouc naturel et de noir de carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS033.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates the storage hardening of natural rubber and carbon black composites made by heterocoagulation. Heterocoagulation is a process that consists in injecting a carbon black slurry at high speed into a colloidal suspension of natural rubber. We obtain a squishy and highly hydrated material that is subsequently dried and processed using an internal mixer or a mechanical press. The hardening is characterized using various rheological techniques among which torsional rheology and Mooney viscosimetry. Many parameters are investigated: the processing technique, the storage environment, the presence of residual water, temperature, the carbon black content. We define characteristic times of hardening whose temperature dependence indicates that the hardening results from a activated process. The energies of activation are nearly independent of the experimental parameters and compare well to that found in natural rubber. Swelling experiments in good solvent show that hardening is associated with the buildup of an interconnected network of macromolecules. We discuss the origin of this network in relation with the microstructure of natural polyisoprene and the presence of phospholipids and proteins
Harmand, Béatrice. "Contribution a la compréhension des processus de transport de colloïdes en milieu naturel poreux ou fracturé : application à la rétention de particules de latex dans un sable." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_HARMAND_B.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаChan, Alan Jenkin. "3D Time-Resolved Hetero-Coagulation of Soft Latex and Hard Colloidal Particles and the Structuration of the Resulting Gel Network." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS026.
Повний текст джерелаNatural rubber (NR) is an indispensable raw material used in the manufacturing of more than 40,000 products primarily due to its excellent intrinsic physical properties. However, NR is seldom used in its raw state. Often, it needs to be reinforced with particulate fillers (nanoparticles) to further improve its physical strength required for most applications. The precise origin of this mechanical reinforcement effect remains unclear, however, optimal reinforcements appears to depend on the dispersion of filler in the NR matrix and the interaction of NR and filler.It was found that the conventional method of pouring fine powders in a solid block of rubber/melt is not the most efficient way to disperse the fillers. The new alternative approach in which the two components are first dispersed in liquid has shown promising results but available literature is still very limited. Furthermore, the microscopic mechanism involved in the interaction of NR and filler in liquid is still unknown. In this context, we (i) described the physico-chemical surface properties of NR particles in liquid, (ii) identified key filler (size, composition, surface activity, concentration) and solution (ion valence) related parameters to comprehend the structural, morphological, and dynamical evolution of the NR-filler interaction, and (iii) quantified the mechanical properties of the NR particles. With this approach we were able to provide the first reports on the physical processes involved in the interaction of NR and filler. More importantly, a recipe for the basic yet crucial parameters that controls and modulates NR-filler heteroaggregation was established. This could open the way to further understand the reinforcement effect
Kuswanhadi. "Isolement et caractérisation des gènes ACS et ACO impliqués dans la biosynthèse de l’éthylène chez Hevea brasiliensis : évaluation de leur rôle dans la production de caoutchouc naturel." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20201.
Повний текст джерелаThepchalerm, Chalao. "Influence of Hevea brasiliensis latex compartments on the storage hardening of natural rubber : study of the mesostructure by AF4-MALS and of the mineral element composition by ICP-MS." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present work was to study the influence of two Hevea brasiliensis latex compartments, namely lutoids and C-serum, on the storage hardening and on mesostructure of natural rubber (NR). A special focus was done on the involvement of mineral components of latex. The NR mesostructure was studied by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to a multiangular light scattering detector (AF4-MALS) and by size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multiangular light scattering detector (SEC-MALS). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the mineral element composition of NR.As AF4-MALS and ICP-MS were never used for NR analysis, the methodologies were developed. For AF4-MALS, the best separation between the two main populations, namely isolated polyisoprene chains (random coil) and microaggregates (Gel<1µ) was given by a linear decrease, rather than exponential, of the cross-flow. For ICP-MS, the optimizations were in terms of amount of NR to be sampled, ash solubilisation methodology, ash solutions concentrations and m/z interference management. All elements, except sulfur, were determined using a mixture H2/He as collision-reaction gas (CCT H2/He mode). Sulfur content was determined through the m/z equal to 48 (32S16O+) in the CCT O2 mode.The different compartments of the whole field latex (cream, skim, C-serum and lutoids) were separated by high speed centrifugation. The mesostructure evolution of films obtained from these 3 lattices; whole field latex (FL), cream latex (CL), and skim latex (SK), by a slow structuring process (samples stored at room temperature in the laboratory for 3 months) was followed by SEC-MALS. As it was observed that the skim was not sensitive to the slow structuring, the centrifugation steps were reduced.Lutoid stability was studied by a qualitative parameter (visual lutoid status after centrifugation) and a quantitative parameter (bursting index or BI). Although the two methods could not provide strictly correlated results, BI can be a good indicator of lutoid stability. For the FL samples, a good correlation between the lutoid stability and storage hardening (ΔP) was observed. To determine if some compounds of C-serum are also involved in the storage hardening, additional experiments were done adding variable quantities of C-serum or lutoids to purified rubber particles. The storage hardening (ΔP) increased by the increase of both C-serum and lutoid quantities.The mesostructure of films and air dried sheet (ADS) made from FL and CL lattices (obtained from reduced centrifugation process) were analyzed by SEC-MALS and AF4-MALS. Concerning the ADS samples, whatever the technique used, FL samples exhibited a higher Mw, Mn, and Gel>1µ than CL samples. This difference between FL and CL samples was not observed for film samples. The microaggregates (Gel<1µ) were presented in all samples but the FL samples had more compact microaggregates, with a much higher Mw than the CL samples. Moreover, AF4 showed that the structure of microaggregates was very different between ADS and film samples. The Mw of microaggregates of ADS was 2 to 4 times higher than that of films. The mineral elements were determined only on samples from ADS (FL and CL). The main elements in NR were K, P, Mg, and S, in decreasing order. The purification of rubber particles affected the decrease in the element contents. During the storage of the latex at room temperature, only calcium content decreased, for both FL and CL samples
Klinpituksa, Pairote. "Modification chimique au deuxième degré de polyisoprènes-1,4 : application à la fixation d'un stimulateur de production du latex par l'hévéa : l'acide naphtalène acétique." Le Mans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LEMA1009.
Повний текст джерелаAgostini, Deuber Lincon da Silva. "Caracterização dos constituintes do látex e da borracha natural que estimulam a angiogênese /." Presidente Prudente, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94503.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Gabriel Pinto de Souza
Banca: Ana Maria Pires
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp
Resumo: As membranas de borracha natural são usadas frequentemente como material biológico na indução de angiogênese e neoformação. Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos com objetivo de identificar os componentes do látex que são responsáveis pelo processo de angiogênese e neoformação. O látex, as fases centrifugadas do látex e as membranas da borracha natural, tratados termicamente em 60, 85 e 120ºC, foram liofilizados para a redução de água nos mesmos. A caracterização de tais materiais foi realizada por espectroscopia infravermelha (FTIR), micro-Raman, ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR - 1H e 13C), difração de raio x (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM), análise do termogravimétrica (TG) acoplado com infravermelho (TG/FT-IR), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), análise dinâmico mecânica (DMA) e o método de Bradford. Nos resultados de espectroscopia no infravermelho, micro de Raman, NMR (1H e 13C), de raios x e TG/FT-IR; os componentes químicos do látex, das fases centrifugadas do látex e das membranas da borracha natural foram identificados. A técnica de TG foi utilizada para avaliar a estabilidade térmica e os resultados mostraram que as membranas obtidas a 60ºC possuem maior estabilidade. Nos resultados de DSC notou-se que a transição vítrea acontece em ~ -68ºC, para todos os materiais que contêm isopreno e a degradação estrutural ocorrem em torno de 376ºC. As transições de vítreas foram confirmadas através dos resultados de DMA. O látex centrifugado apresenta três fases: partículas de borracha (F1), lutóides (F2) e Frey-Wyssling (F3). Nas frações F2 e F3 o isopreno é ausente, ou apresenta pequena proporção, mas contêm diversos componentes químicos: proteínas, ácidos aminados e grupos funcionais que podem induzir o angiogênese e a neoformação em tecidos biológicos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Natural latex and natural rubber membranes are frequently used as biomaterial in the angiogenesis induction and neoformation of biological tissues. Our studies aimed to study and identify the latex components that are responsible for angiogenesis and neoformation processes. The natural latex, the centrifuged latex phases and the natural rubber membranes were thermally treated at 60, 85 and 120ºC and afterward all samples were lyophilized. The characterization of such materials were carried out using infrared (FT-IR), micro Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR - 1H e 13C), X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry analysis coupled with infrared (TG/FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and the method of Bradford. From the results of infrared and micro Raman spectroscopy, NMR (1H e 13C), X-rays and TG/FT-IR the chemical components present in the latex, in the centrifuged latex phases and in natural rubber membranes were identified. TG technique was used to evaluate the thermal stability and results showed that membranes obtained at 60ºC present greater stability, up to 350ºC. From DSC results it was found that the glass transition happens at -68ºC, for all materials containing isoprene, and the structural degradation occurs at 376ºC. Glass transitions were confirmed also by DMA results. Centrifuged latex presents three phases: rubber particles (F1), lutoids (F2) and Frey-Wyssling (F3). In the fractions F2 and F3 the isoprene is absent but they contain several chemical components: proteins, amino acids and functional groups that can induce angiogenesis and neoformation on biological tissues. The treated membrane 60ºC of natural rubber showed the highest angiogenesis and neoformation activities. Furthermore, membranes containing pores favor the cicatrization process and the vascularization processes.
Mestre
Gomes, Willian Pereira. "Prevulcanização do látex natural extraído da "hancornia speciosa gomes" (Mangabeira) e da "hevea brasiliensis" (seringueira) /." Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136022.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Rosangela da Silva de Lauretiz
Banca: Rogério Manoel Biagi Moreno
Resumo: A borracha natural é um dos polímeros mais consumidos mundialmente, onde seu principal mercado é o setor pneumático com cerca de três quartos do consumo total. A seringueira é a mais importante produtora de borracha natural, sendo responsável por cerca de 99% da produção mundial A mangabeira é também uma arvore lactescente produzida quase em sua totalidade de forma extrativista e visada somente para a produção do seu fruto, a mangaba. Embora já ter sido utilizada comercialmente em períodos emergenciais, hoje a borracha natural provinda da mangabeira não tem qualquer utilização tecnológica, pois é considerada uma borracha de qualidade inferior. Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes de borracha prevulcanizada com o látex de seringueira, de mangabeira e também com a mistura (m/m) do látex de mangabeira no látex de seringueira, nas proporções de 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 e 60/40. Os resultados mostraram que o número de ligações cruzadas, tensão na ruptura e dureza Shore A são dependentes do sistema de vulcanização convencional, semi-eficiente ou eficiente, e da temperatura e do tempo de cozimento do latex de ambas as fontes. Os valores dessas propriedades encontrados para a borracha da mangabeira foram inferiores ao da borracha da seringueira. O maior valor de tensão de ruptura, dureza Shore e deformação encontrada para a borracha de seringueira foi alcançado utilizando o sistema convencional com 3 horas de cozimento sob 80°C. Esses valores são: 22 MPa, 42 Shore A e 895% o que é aproximadamente 150%, 68% e 25%, respectivamente, maiores do que os maiores valores encontrados para a borracha da mangabeira (8,8 MPa, 25 Shore A e 714%) que foi obtido utilizando o sistema semi-eficiente. As borrachas obtidas da mistura dos látex apresentaram, para composições inferiores a 20%, em massa de borracha de mangabeira, um comportamento similar a da seringueira mostrando ser viável a sua utilização para fabricação...
Abstract: Natural rubber is one of the most consumed polymer in the worldwide and pneumatic industry is responsible for approximately three fourths of total consumption. Hevea brasiliensis is the most important producer of natural rubber, being responsible for 99% of global production. The Hancornia speciosa Gomes is also produces white latex that can be tapped from the tree similarly to Hevea. Although it has been used commercially in emergency periods, nowadays Hancornia rubber has no technology use due to its low production and rubber quality. The latex blend can be a viable alternative to the use of mangabeira latex as one additional income besides of fruit commercialization. In this sense, the proposal of this work was to evaluate the influence of prevulcanization condition in the Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) and Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira) latexes and also in its mixture, on the rubber proprieties. The latexes were prevulcanizated by conventional (CV), semi-efficient (SEV) and efficient (EV) vulcanization systems under temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 ° C. The crosslinked quantity was investigated by the swelling technique and the mechanical proprieties were obtained from tensile experiments and shore A hardness. The results showed that the quantity of crosslinked, stress at break and shore hardness are dependent of prevulcanization condition. The values of these proprieties found for mangabeira rubber were lower than the values found for the seringueira rubber. The highest stress at break, shore hardness and strain to seringueira and mangabeira rubber were obtained using the CV and SEV systems, respectively, under temperature of 80° C for 3 hours. Theses value are: 22 MPa, 42 shore A and 895% that are around 150%, 68% e 25%, respectively, higher than found to mangabeira rubber (8,8 MPa, 25 Shore A and 714%). The rubbers obtained from mixture of latex have the mechanical proprieties closed to the seringueira rubber for blends ...
Mestre
Said, M. M. "Peroxide prevulcanization of natural rubber latex." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233004.
Повний текст джерелаTabe, J. O. "Synthesis and characterisation of composite latex particles based on a natural rubber latex." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268115.
Повний текст джерелаValadares, Leonardo Fonseca. "Nanocompositos de borracha natural e argila : preparação a partir de latex." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250293.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Smeaton, Jacqueline. "Study of postvulcanisation of natural rubber latex films." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6985.
Повний текст джерелаBatello, Luciano. "Avaliação do soro de leite como coagulante do látex de borracha natural /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138218.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: A proporção aquosa liberada do leite durante a fabricação convencional de queijos é denominado soro de leite, este é considerado poluente devido a sua elevada carga orgânica, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) e Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), como também pelo volume gerado. Para produzir 1 kg de queijo são gerados aproximadamente 9 kg de soro. Do total do soro produzido mundialmente estima-se que 50% sejam descartados em estações de tratamento de água ou reutilizados, como por exemplo, para alimentação de animais em fazendas. Também o fato do soro conter lactose, vitaminas e minerais, ele pode ser aproveitado principalmente para fabricação de alimentos. Procurando uma alternativa para este descarte produzido por pequenas e médias indústrias de laticínios e também com a necessidade de produzir materiais verdes e ecologicamente corretos, este trabalho avaliou a potencialidade do emprego do soro de leite como coagulante para látex de borracha natural (BN) e sua influência nas propriedades térmicas, mecânicas e tecnológicas da borracha crua da seringueira Hevea brasiliensis clone RRIM 600, cultivada na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira – SP. Foram avaliados os soros resultantes da produção de queijos muçarela, minas e cottage e como referência foi utilizado o coagulante ácido acético 3 mol L-1, o qual é utilizado pelas indústrias do setor. Para este estudo foi analisada a influência da temperatura e do tempo na acidez dos soros. Foram analisad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aqueous released milk ratio during manufacturing of cheese is called whey, this is considered a pollutant because of its high organic load, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), as well as by the volume generated. To produce 1 kg of cheese are generated approximately 9 kg of serum. Of the total serum produced worldwide it is estimated that 50% are dropped in water treatment plants or reused, e.g. for feeding of animals on farms. The serum also contain lactose, vitamins and minerals, it can be used mainly for food manufacturing. Looking for an alternative to this disposal produced by small and medium-sized dairy industries and also with the need to produce green materials and eco-friendly, this study assessed the employment potentiality of the whey as coagulant for natural rubber latex (BN) and its influence on thermal, mechanical and technological properties of raw rubber of rubber trees Hevea brasiliensis clone RRIM 600, grown in the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of engineering of Ilha Solteira-SP. Were evaluated the resulting from the production of mozzarella cheese, mines and cottage and as reference was used coagulant acetic acid 3 mol L-1, which is used by the industries in the sector. This study examined the influence of temperature and time on acidity of serum. Were analyzed the properties: plasticity Wallace (P0), plasticity retention index [PRI (%)], Mooney Viscosity (VR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) of rubber coagulated usin... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Rippel, Marcia Maria. "Caracterização microestrutural de filmes e particulas de latex de borracha natural." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250323.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências
Gomes, Willian Pereira [UNESP]. "Prevulcanização do látex natural extraído da hancornia speciosa gomes (Mangabeira) e da hevea brasiliensis (seringueira)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136022.
Повний текст джерелаA borracha natural é um dos polímeros mais consumidos mundialmente, onde seu principal mercado é o setor pneumático com cerca de três quartos do consumo total. A seringueira é a mais importante produtora de borracha natural, sendo responsável por cerca de 99% da produção mundial A mangabeira é também uma arvore lactescente produzida quase em sua totalidade de forma extrativista e visada somente para a produção do seu fruto, a mangaba. Embora já ter sido utilizada comercialmente em períodos emergenciais, hoje a borracha natural provinda da mangabeira não tem qualquer utilização tecnológica, pois é considerada uma borracha de qualidade inferior. Neste trabalho foram produzidos filmes de borracha prevulcanizada com o látex de seringueira, de mangabeira e também com a mistura (m/m) do látex de mangabeira no látex de seringueira, nas proporções de 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 e 60/40. Os resultados mostraram que o número de ligações cruzadas, tensão na ruptura e dureza Shore A são dependentes do sistema de vulcanização convencional, semi-eficiente ou eficiente, e da temperatura e do tempo de cozimento do latex de ambas as fontes. Os valores dessas propriedades encontrados para a borracha da mangabeira foram inferiores ao da borracha da seringueira. O maior valor de tensão de ruptura, dureza Shore e deformação encontrada para a borracha de seringueira foi alcançado utilizando o sistema convencional com 3 horas de cozimento sob 80°C. Esses valores são: 22 MPa, 42 Shore A e 895% o que é aproximadamente 150%, 68% e 25%, respectivamente, maiores do que os maiores valores encontrados para a borracha da mangabeira (8,8 MPa, 25 Shore A e 714%) que foi obtido utilizando o sistema semi-eficiente. As borrachas obtidas da mistura dos látex apresentaram, para composições inferiores a 20%, em massa de borracha de mangabeira, um comportamento similar a da seringueira mostrando ser viável a sua utilização para fabricação...
Natural rubber is one of the most consumed polymer in the worldwide and pneumatic industry is responsible for approximately three fourths of total consumption. Hevea brasiliensis is the most important producer of natural rubber, being responsible for 99% of global production. The Hancornia speciosa Gomes is also produces white latex that can be tapped from the tree similarly to Hevea. Although it has been used commercially in emergency periods, nowadays Hancornia rubber has no technology use due to its low production and rubber quality. The latex blend can be a viable alternative to the use of mangabeira latex as one additional income besides of fruit commercialization. In this sense, the proposal of this work was to evaluate the influence of prevulcanization condition in the Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) and Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira) latexes and also in its mixture, on the rubber proprieties. The latexes were prevulcanizated by conventional (CV), semi-efficient (SEV) and efficient (EV) vulcanization systems under temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 ° C. The crosslinked quantity was investigated by the swelling technique and the mechanical proprieties were obtained from tensile experiments and shore A hardness. The results showed that the quantity of crosslinked, stress at break and shore hardness are dependent of prevulcanization condition. The values of these proprieties found for mangabeira rubber were lower than the values found for the seringueira rubber. The highest stress at break, shore hardness and strain to seringueira and mangabeira rubber were obtained using the CV and SEV systems, respectively, under temperature of 80° C for 3 hours. Theses value are: 22 MPa, 42 shore A and 895% that are around 150%, 68% e 25%, respectively, higher than found to mangabeira rubber (8,8 MPa, 25 Shore A and 714%). The rubbers obtained from mixture of latex have the mechanical proprieties closed to the seringueira rubber for blends ...
Spin, José Rodolfo. "Efeito da membrana de látex natural sobre o reparo de áreas doadoras do palato para enxerto gengival livre : estudo clínico, controlado e randomizado /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154074.
Повний текст джерелаResumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de uma membrana de látex natural sobre a cicatrização de feridas no palato duro provenientes da remoção de enxerto gengival livre. Vinte e quatro pacientes participaram desse estudo e foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos de acordo com o tratamento utilizado para proteger o leito doador: Grupo controle (GC): A ferida foi recoberta com placa acrílica associada ao cimento cirúrgico (n=14); Grupo Látex (GL): A ferida foi recoberta com placa acrílica associada a membrana de látex natural (n=10). Foram realizadas tomadas fotográficas padronizadas das regiões das feridas nos períodos de baseline, 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Um examinador cego e calibrado realizou avaliação clínica, levando se em consideração os parâmetros: 1) fechamento de ferida; 2) área de superfície epitelizada por meio da utilização da água oxigenada aplicada na região; 3) Avaliação do auto relato de sensação dolorosa por meio da aplicação da escala de dor VAS. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que em ambos os grupos, houve diminuição gradativa da área da ferida cirúrgica, sendo que a partir dos 15 dias essa era inexistente para todos os pacientes avaliados e em relação à dor houve uma redução significativa da sensibilidade dolorosa relatada pelos pacientes do grupo látex em relação ao grupo controle. O uso da membrana de látex não promoveu efeito adicional a cicatrização, apresentando os mesmos resultados clínicos que a utilização de cimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of a natural latex membrane in wound healing on donor sites of free gingival grafts. Twenty-four patients were used in this study and were randomly divided in 2 groups according with the treatment used to protect the donor site: Control group (CG) – Donor site was covered with an acrylic plate associated with surgical cement (n=14); Látex group (LG) – Donor site was covered with acrylic plate associated with a natural latex membrane and surgical cement (n=10). At baseline, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after surgery, standardized photos of the wound were taken. A blind and calibrated examiner made the clinical evaluation by considering the parameters: 1) total wound area; 2) epithelized surface area through the use of hydrogen peroxide applied in the region; 3) Evaluation of self-report of pain sensation through the application of the VAS pain scale. The achieve results showed that both groups had a gradual decrease in the area of the surgical wound, and from 15 days this was non-existent for all patients evaluated and on the pain avaliation we found that the patients in latex group had significant reduction in reported pain when compared to the control group. The use of natural latex membrane didn’t promote any additional effect for wound healing, showing the same clinical results as the use of surgical cement with the addition of a lower pain report by the patients.
Mestre
Shantha, Walpalage. "Study of the influence of membrane structure and permeation conditions on the efficiency of separation of miscible liquid mixtures by pervaporation." Thesis, University of East London, 2000. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3577/.
Повний текст джерелаJaafar, Rosly. "Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of natural rubber latex suspensions." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318988.
Повний текст джерелаGarms, Bruna Cambraia. "Caracterização física, quimica e biologica de membranas de látex natural incorporadas com moxifloxacina para tratamento de feridas cutâneas /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150815.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Marlus Chorilli
Banca: Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
Resumo: O látex natural (LN) é um polímero natural de grande interesse na área biomédica devido à capacidade de promover o aumento da vascularização e epitelização de tecidos. Considerando as propriedades físico, química e biológica do LN, bem como sua capacidade em atuar como dispositivo de liberação buscou-se, com o presente estudo, desenvolver membranas de LN associadas à moxifloxacina (MXF), antibiótico de amplo espectro de ação, com o intuito de tratar lesões infectadas de difícil cicatrização. A caracterização do material foi realizada por técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e ensaios mecânicos. Além disso, foi avaliado o potencial de liberação da MXF em diferentes pHs. Ensaios microbiológicos e de citotoxicidade foram realizados com as membranas carregadoras. A presença de cristais do fármaco na superfície e no interior do material foi observada por MEV de superfície e de corte transversal. Os espectros de FTIR identificaram as bandas de absorção características dos compostos, sugerindo que a integridade dos compostos foi mantida, o que evidencia a rápida liberação inicial do composto. Além disso, o módulo de elasticidade das membranas com e sem MXF foram similares (0,8 MPa), indicando que a elasticidade das membranas é suficiente para aplicações biomédicas. Os cristais da MXF visualizados nas micrografias da superfície da amostra, tendem a sol... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The natural rubber latex (LN) is a natural polymer which has aroused large interest in the biomedical fields. Mostly, due its ability to promote vascularization increasing and tissue epithelization. Considering the physical, chemical and biological properties of LN, as well as its ability to act as a release device, the present study aimed to develop LN membranes associated with moxifloxacin (MXF), a wide-spectrum antibiotic, in order to treat infected wounds. The techniques performed in the biomaterial characterization were FTIR, mechanical tests and electronic microscopy. Moreover, the potential of MXF release was evaluated at different pHs. In addition, microbiological assays and cell viability were performed with carrier membranes. The presence of drug crystals on the surface and inside the material was observed by electronic microscopy. The FTIR spectra identified the characteristic absorption bands of the compounds, suggesting that their integrity was maintained, which resulted in rapid early release of the compound. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity of the membranes with and without MXF were similar (0.80 MPa), indicating the membranes have sufficient elasticity for biomedical applications. The MXF crystals visualized by electronic microscopy on the surface of the material, tend to solubilize quickly during the first hours of release, which promote the burst release effect. Results showed that the MXF released after 295 hours, was 66.44% at pH 7.4, and 53.13% at a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Woolford, Thomas. "Natural theology and natural philosophy in the late Renaissance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242394.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Tatiana Catelan de [UNESP]. "Estudo comparativo entre peritônio bovino e biomembrana de látex natural na substituição de fragmento da parede da bexiga em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89076.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Neste estudo, implantou-se peritônio bovino ou biomembrana de látex natural em defeito (1,5 x 1,5 cm) induzido na parede ventral da bexiga de coelhos, com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual no que se refere à biocompatibilidade, capacidade de reparação e possíveis complicações. Utilizaram-se 36 coelhos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, adultos, machos inteiros, divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo Biomembrana (GB), grupo peritônio bovino (GP) e grupo controle (GC), cada um com 12 animais. Aos sete, 14, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, os animais foram eutanasiados mediante o emprego de uma dose elevada de tiopental sódico para avaliações macroscópica e histopatológica da interface do implante com o tecido nativo. Macroscopicamente, em ambos os grupos (GB, GP e GC), observaramse, em todos os períodos, aderências de estruturas adjacentes ao local do implante, presença de cálculos e ausência de sinais de rejeição. No grupo biomembrana, aos 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, constatou-se a presença do biocompósito solto na luz vesical. Sob microscopia de luz, aos sete dias verificaram-se intensa reação inflamatória, neovascularização e presença de fibroblastos proliferados. Aos 14 dias não havia epitélio, porém observaram-se escassos feixes musculares, intensa neovascularização, fibroblastos e infiltrado inflamatório. No grupo GP, aos 30 dias de observação, o implante estava presente, havia fibroblastos, feixes de fibras musculares, moderada população inflamatórias e ausência de epitélio e de lâmina própria. No grupo GB, neste mesmo período, todas as camadas vesicais estavam reconstituídas. Em ambos os grupos, aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, todas as camadas vesicais encontravam-se reparadas e a membrana peritônio bovino não foi observada. No grupo GC, em todos os tempos de avaliação verificou-se integridade...
In this study, bovine peritoneum or biomembrane of natural latex were utilized to replace a section of ventral face of the bladder of rabbits, with purpose of evaluation of the tissue repair process in regard of its biocompatility, scar formation ability and possible complications. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits, adult and entire males were divided in three experimental groups: biomembrane group (GB), bovine peritoneum group (GP) and control group (GC), each one with 12 animals. The animals were euthanized at seven, 14, 30 and 60 days post operative, by use of an elevated dosage of sodium tiopental, followed by macroscopic and histopathological analysis of the implant interface with the native tissue. Macroscopically, in both groups (GB, GP and GC), it was observed, in all time periods, structure adherence to the implant site, presence of calculi and absence of rejection signs. In the GB group, since 30 until 60 days of post operative, it was evidenced the presence of the biomembrane inside the bladder. Under light microscopy, at seven days, there were intense inflammatory reaction, new vessels and proliferated fibroblasts. In 14 days, there was no urotelium, however it saw muscle fibers, intense inflammatory cells, new vessels and fibroblasts. In the GP group, at 30 days the implant was still present, there were fibroblasts, muscle fibers, moderate population of inflammatory cells and absence of urotelium and sheath. In the GB group, in the same time period, all the vesical layers were reconstituted. In both groups, at 60 days of post operative, bladder wall was repaired and the bovine peritoneum membrane was not observed. In the GC group, all the evaluation times, integrity of the vesical wall was verified... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
TAGLIARO, IRENE. "NOVEL COLLOIDAL APPROACH TO PREPARE HIGHLY-LOADED SILICA-BASED ELASTOMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241175.
Повний текст джерелаSustainability has become a field of great interest in the world industry. For the scientific community the challenge lies in the identification of green synthetic approaches and new alternatives to petroleum-based materials. In the case of the tyre industry, the challenge is to identify possible design strategies and alternatives to reduce the environmental impact throughout the life cycle of tyres, by means of both the use of environmentally friendly materials and the development of innovative products, having reduced energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In this context, this PhD thesis is focused on the preparation of eco-friendly silica-based nanocomposites by using a colloidal approach to increase the dispersion of hydrophilic fillers in line with the new requirements of sustainability from the EU policies. The colloidal approach aims at compounding nanocomposites with hydrophilic fillers, whose efficient dispersion through traditional mixing still remains a challenging issue, due to their poor compatibility with the organic matrix. This technique aims at increasing the filler dispersion without any expensive surface modification, with the elimination of the volatile component released during mixing, producing significant benefits for environment and workers. Two different colloidal approaches were applied: i) latex compounding technique (LCT) and ii) in situ emulsion polymerization to prepare highly-loaded nanocomposite rubber materials containing silica-based fillers, silica and sepiolite (Sep) clay, considered a promising filler candidate for the polymer strengthening due to its fibrous structure and high particle aspect ratio (AR). The concentration, the charge and the shape of silica-based nanofillers were studied as relevant parameters on stabilization and destabilization of natural and synthetic polyisoprene latexes. An effective LCT procedure was established to produce eco-friendly composites, namely masterbaches (MBs), by incorporating silica or Sep into natural rubber latex (i.e. emulsion in water of cis-1,4-polyisoprene), through the flocculation (i.e. aggregation resulting from the bridging of polymer particles) of the silica-based nanofillers/rubber mixed aqueous system. LCT showed to favour a homogeneous dispersion of hydrophilic Sep fibers in the rubber matrix. The main physicochemical parameters which control aggregation processes in the aqueous medium, i.e. pH, -potential, concentration, as well as the morphological features of the final Sep-natural rubber MBs, were comprehensively investigated helping to figure out the Sep-NR interactions and to propose a flocculation mechanism, based on electrostatic and depletion attraction forces, remarkably connected both to the high content (50 wt.%) and to the peculiar anisotropy of Sep fibers. Furthermore, the MBs with high filler loadings were used to produce environmentally friendly composites, by combining LTC and melt mixing. This combined approach could take advantage of the good filler distribution and prevents dust from floating in the air during processing. In situ Pickering polymerization was considered as an alternative colloidal approach to produce eco-friendly nanocomposites. Polyisoprene/silica-based structured particles were synthesized on the base of the stabilizing effects of inorganic fillers which act like surfactants lowering the interfacial tension and stabilizing the emulsion. On the basis of our results, we suggested a possible mechanism for emulsion polymerizations stabilized by solid particles. In conclusion, the colloidal approach, based on both LTC and in situ Pickering emulsion polymerization, can be considered as green, simple and effective method suitable for high-performance technological applications. The outcomes indicate the suitability of the adopted strategies as a sustainable procedure for the production of high-loaded silica based-rubber nanocomposites.
Linares, Elisangela Moura. "Caracterização microestrutural de filmes de blendas de latex." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250299.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Este trabalho mostra o efeito da distribuição de espécies iônicas na morfologia e nas propriedades mecânicas de filmes de blendas de látices, e também demonstra o uso da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão por energia filtrada (EFTEM) para caracterização morfológica das blendas e de seus nanocompósitos com argila, explorando a região de baixa perda de energia de elétrons. Blendas de látex de borracha natural (NR)/poli(estireno-acrilato de butila) [P(S-BA] e NR/poli(cloreto de vinila) [PVC] foram investigadas, utilizando-se microscopia de varredura de potencial elétrico (SEPM). Através dos mapas de potencial elétrico, foi verificada a ocorrência de migração de espécies iônicas da blenda de uma fase polimérica para a outra, durante a preparação da blenda. Esta migração é espontânea, porque permite a redução da energia do sistema através da diminuição da repulsão eletrostática entre íons, distribuindo-os entre as fases, e é direcionada para o polímero que inicialmente tem menor concentração de cargas e apresenta maior constante dielétrica. Os domínios formados pelos dois componentes da blenda apresentam sinais de carga opostos, o que contribui para o aumento na compatibilidade, através da adesão eletrostática. Os espectros de baixa perda de energia mostram diferenças nas estruturas moleculares dos polímeros das blendas. Essas diferenças se expressam através de mudanças de contraste em imagens de perda de energia (mapas moleculares) adquiridas entre 20 e 90 eV. Blendas de NR/P(S-BA), P(S-BA)/PVC, P(S-BA)/poli(estirenometacrilato de 2-hidroxietila) e seus respectivos nanocompósitos foram analisados por EFTEM que revelou domínios em escala nanométrica, mesmo tendo pequenas diferenças na composição química, sem a necessidade de corar a amostra. Nos nanocompósitos, a disposição das lamelas de argila foi revelada graças ao cancelamento do contraste entre os polímeros.
Abstract: This work shows the effect of ionic specie distribution on the morphology and on the mechanical properties of latex blend films, as well as it demonstrates the use of energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) technique to morphological characterization of these blends and its clay nanocomposites, by exploring the low-loss electron energy region. Natural rubber (NR)/poly(styrenebutyl acrylate) [P(S-BA)] and NR/poly(vinyl chloride) [PVC] blends were investigated by scanning electric potential microscopy (SEPM). Using the electric potential maps, it has been observed ionic specie migration from one polymer phase towards the other, during blend preparation. The migration is spontaneous because it allows the reduction of system energy thanks to the decreasing of ionion electrostatic repulsion given by ion distribution throughout the phases. The migration is directed towards the polymer that has initially the lower charge concentration and that presents the higher dielectric constant. The domains formed by the two blend component present opposite charge signals, which contribute to compatibility enhancement through electrostatic adhesion. Low-energy-loss electron spectra show differences on molecular structure of polymers that form the blends. Such differences are expressed through contrast changing in low-energyloss images (molecular maps) acquired between 20 and 90 eV. NR/P(S-BA), P(SBA)/ PVC, P(S-BA)/poly(styrene-2-hydroxyethyl metacrylate) and their respective clay nanocomposites have been analyzed by EFTEM without staining and it revealed nano-sized domains, even when chemical composition was slightly different. Clay platelet distribution within nanocomposites was revealed due to contrast canceling of polymer domains on EFTEM images.
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Santim, Ricardo Hidalgo [UNESP]. "Síntese e caracterização de blendas borracha natural/polianilina e borracha natural/polipirrol obtidas por polimerização in situ." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126367.
Повний текст джерелаOs polímeros geralmente são muito conhecidos por serem materiais leves, flexíveis e de fácil processamento. Cada vez mais a área tecnológica tem a demanda dessas propriedades associadas a condutividade elétrica ajustável. Nessa perspectiva, há trabalhos que se empenham em associar Polímeros Condutores Intrínsecos (PCI) com matrizes de boa propriedade mecânica. Entre os PCI, o polipirrol (PPy) e a polianilina (PAni) têm se destacado devido à fácil síntese, alta estabilidade ambiental, alta condutividade (10 2 S/cm) e baixo custo dos monômeros. Uma das limitações nas aplicações tecnológica desses polímeros condutores está na sua pobre propriedade mecânica e baixa solubilidade. Uma das alternativas para contornar esses problemas é fazer a polimerizão in situ dos polímeros condutores na presença de um polímero com boas propriedades mecânicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi preparar blendas de borracha natural (BN) com PAni e BN com PPy através da polimerização in situ da anilina e do pirrol, respectivamente, no látex de seringueira, natural e prevulcanizado. Foram estudadas as propriedades morfológicas, estruturais, elétricas, mecânicas e térmicas dessas amostras. As análises dos espectros de infravermelho e UV-Vis- NIR evidenciaram a síntese, em meio látex, da polianilina no estado sal de esmeraldina (dopada) e do polipirrol no estado dopado. As blendas apresentaram condutividade elétrica na faixa de 10 -14 a 10 -2 S/cm que variou em função da razão borracha/monômero. Na maioria dos casos, obteve-se maior condutividade elétrica quando utilizou-se o látex prevulcanizado. A tensão na ruptura aumentou com a diminuição da razão de BN/monômero para as blendas obtidas a partir de látex natural e também de látex prevulcanizado. Para a mesma condição de síntese, a tensão de ruptura foi superior para as blendas obtidas a partir do látex...
The polymers are generally known to be very lightweight materials, flexible and easy processing. Each year, more and more the technology area has the demand for these properties associated with adjustable electrical conductivity. From this perspective, there are studies that seek to associate intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) with polymer matrices that has good mechanical property. Among those ICP, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAni) has received much attention due to easy of synthesis, high environmental stability, high conductivity (10 2 S/cm) and low cost of monomers. However, they have poor mechanical property and low solubility. An alternative to overcome these problems is to make in situ polymerization of the conductive polymer in the presence of another polymer that possesses good mechanical properties. In this way, the aim of this study was to obtain natural rubber (NR) composites with PAni and NR with PPY by in situ polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, respectively, in the natural and prevulcanized natural rubber latex. Morphological, structural, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties these samples were studied. Analysis of infrared and UV-Vis-NIR spectra showed the polyaniline and polypyrrole are in doped state. The electrical conductivity of the composites showed to be dependent on the ratio rubber/ monomer, staying in the range of 10 -14 to 10 -2 S/cm. In most cases, higher conductivity occurred when prevulcanized latex was used. The strain at break of the composites increases with decreasing rubber/monomer ratio. For the same synthesis conditions the strain at break was higher to the composites obtained from prevulcanized latex. In some polymerization condition it was evident the occurrence of encapsulation of prevulcanized rubber particles with the conducting polymers mainly to low rubber/monomer ratio
Santim, Ricardo Hidalgo. "Síntese e caracterização de blendas borracha natural/polianilina e borracha natural/polipirrol obtidas por polimerização in situ /." Ilha Solteira, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126367.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Darcy Hiroe Fujii Kanda
Banca: Fauze Ahmad Aouada
Banca: Cristiane Reis Martins
Banca: Nara Regina de Souza Basso
Resumo: Os polímeros geralmente são muito conhecidos por serem materiais leves, flexíveis e de fácil processamento. Cada vez mais a área tecnológica tem a demanda dessas propriedades associadas a condutividade elétrica ajustável. Nessa perspectiva, há trabalhos que se empenham em associar Polímeros Condutores Intrínsecos (PCI) com matrizes de boa propriedade mecânica. Entre os PCI, o polipirrol (PPy) e a polianilina (PAni) têm se destacado devido à fácil síntese, alta estabilidade ambiental, alta condutividade (10 2 S/cm) e baixo custo dos monômeros. Uma das limitações nas aplicações tecnológica desses polímeros condutores está na sua pobre propriedade mecânica e baixa solubilidade. Uma das alternativas para contornar esses problemas é fazer a polimerizão in situ dos polímeros condutores na presença de um polímero com boas propriedades mecânicas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi preparar blendas de borracha natural (BN) com PAni e BN com PPy através da polimerização in situ da anilina e do pirrol, respectivamente, no látex de seringueira, natural e prevulcanizado. Foram estudadas as propriedades morfológicas, estruturais, elétricas, mecânicas e térmicas dessas amostras. As análises dos espectros de infravermelho e UV-Vis- NIR evidenciaram a síntese, em meio látex, da polianilina no estado sal de esmeraldina (dopada) e do polipirrol no estado dopado. As blendas apresentaram condutividade elétrica na faixa de 10 -14 a 10 -2 S/cm que variou em função da razão borracha/monômero. Na maioria dos casos, obteve-se maior condutividade elétrica quando utilizou-se o látex prevulcanizado. A tensão na ruptura aumentou com a diminuição da razão de BN/monômero para as blendas obtidas a partir de látex natural e também de látex prevulcanizado. Para a mesma condição de síntese, a tensão de ruptura foi superior para as blendas obtidas a partir do látex...
Abstract: The polymers are generally known to be very lightweight materials, flexible and easy processing. Each year, more and more the technology area has the demand for these properties associated with adjustable electrical conductivity. From this perspective, there are studies that seek to associate intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) with polymer matrices that has good mechanical property. Among those ICP, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAni) has received much attention due to easy of synthesis, high environmental stability, high conductivity (10 2 S/cm) and low cost of monomers. However, they have poor mechanical property and low solubility. An alternative to overcome these problems is to make in situ polymerization of the conductive polymer in the presence of another polymer that possesses good mechanical properties. In this way, the aim of this study was to obtain natural rubber (NR) composites with PAni and NR with PPY by in situ polymerization of aniline and pyrrole, respectively, in the natural and prevulcanized natural rubber latex. Morphological, structural, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties these samples were studied. Analysis of infrared and UV-Vis-NIR spectra showed the polyaniline and polypyrrole are in doped state. The electrical conductivity of the composites showed to be dependent on the ratio rubber/ monomer, staying in the range of 10 -14 to 10 -2 S/cm. In most cases, higher conductivity occurred when prevulcanized latex was used. The strain at break of the composites increases with decreasing rubber/monomer ratio. For the same synthesis conditions the strain at break was higher to the composites obtained from prevulcanized latex. In some polymerization condition it was evident the occurrence of encapsulation of prevulcanized rubber particles with the conducting polymers mainly to low rubber/monomer ratio
Doutor
Collantes, Hugo David Chirinos. "Desenvolvimento do Processo de Fabricação de Tubos Hospitalares por RVNRL: Otimização e Protótipo de Extrusão a Baixas Temperaturas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-06112003-182641/.
Повний текст джерелаThe natural rubber latex was formulated, irradiation vulcanized and stabilized (GAMATEX) to make rubber goods for medical purpose. When the latex was vulcanized by gamma rays the effectiveness crosslinking of GAMATEX relationship between the concentration ratio of sensitizer system (x1=[n-BA]/[KOH]) and the vulcanization dose (x2), showing high interaction grade according to the following the mathematical equation: , where is the tensile strength. The RVNRL process was optimized for low vulcanization doses and high concentrations of n-BA. The resistance to radiolitic oxidation of rubber obtained from GAMATEX was attained when one antioxidants mixture (45% BANOX S + 55% TNPP) was added. This mixture exhibited synergetic effect. The latex showed pseudoplastic rheological behavior and the yield stress occurrence. The irreversible destabilization rate of latex was direct proportional to [n-BA] and indirect proportional to [KOH]. The post-irradiation effects or reversible destabilization of latex occurred because there is a residual concentration of [n-BA] that it was not reacted. The colloidal stability of GAMATEX improved with irradiation, showing showing the increase of thixotropic behavior and the tendency to newtonian behavior flow besides the relationship between the viscosity index (k) and the pseudoplastic index (n) according to the mathematical model: . This fact allows the higher storage time of GAMATEX. The relative viscosity of latex was relationship between the temperature and the total dry rubber content according to the mathematical model: , where rw is the ratio (BS/100-BS). The radiation vulcanized latex coagulated at 10ºC into the projected freezing system.
Agostini, Deuber Lincon da Silva [UNESP]. "Caracterização dos constituintes do látex e da borracha natural que estimulam a angiogênese." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94503.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As membranas de borracha natural são usadas frequentemente como material biológico na indução de angiogênese e neoformação. Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos com objetivo de identificar os componentes do látex que são responsáveis pelo processo de angiogênese e neoformação. O látex, as fases centrifugadas do látex e as membranas da borracha natural, tratados termicamente em 60, 85 e 120ºC, foram liofilizados para a redução de água nos mesmos. A caracterização de tais materiais foi realizada por espectroscopia infravermelha (FTIR), micro-Raman, ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR - 1H e 13C), difração de raio x (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM), análise do termogravimétrica (TG) acoplado com infravermelho (TG/FT-IR), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), análise dinâmico mecânica (DMA) e o método de Bradford. Nos resultados de espectroscopia no infravermelho, micro de Raman, NMR (1H e 13C), de raios x e TG/FT-IR; os componentes químicos do látex, das fases centrifugadas do látex e das membranas da borracha natural foram identificados. A técnica de TG foi utilizada para avaliar a estabilidade térmica e os resultados mostraram que as membranas obtidas a 60ºC possuem maior estabilidade. Nos resultados de DSC notou-se que a transição vítrea acontece em ~ -68ºC, para todos os materiais que contêm isopreno e a degradação estrutural ocorrem em torno de 376ºC. As transições de vítreas foram confirmadas através dos resultados de DMA. O látex centrifugado apresenta três fases: partículas de borracha (F1), lutóides (F2) e Frey-Wyssling (F3). Nas frações F2 e F3 o isopreno é ausente, ou apresenta pequena proporção, mas contêm diversos componentes químicos: proteínas, ácidos aminados e grupos funcionais que podem induzir o angiogênese e a neoformação em tecidos biológicos...
Natural latex and natural rubber membranes are frequently used as biomaterial in the angiogenesis induction and neoformation of biological tissues. Our studies aimed to study and identify the latex components that are responsible for angiogenesis and neoformation processes. The natural latex, the centrifuged latex phases and the natural rubber membranes were thermally treated at 60, 85 and 120ºC and afterward all samples were lyophilized. The characterization of such materials were carried out using infrared (FT-IR), micro Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR - 1H e 13C), X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry analysis coupled with infrared (TG/FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and the method of Bradford. From the results of infrared and micro Raman spectroscopy, NMR (1H e 13C), X-rays and TG/FT-IR the chemical components present in the latex, in the centrifuged latex phases and in natural rubber membranes were identified. TG technique was used to evaluate the thermal stability and results showed that membranes obtained at 60ºC present greater stability, up to 350ºC. From DSC results it was found that the glass transition happens at –68ºC, for all materials containing isoprene, and the structural degradation occurs at 376ºC. Glass transitions were confirmed also by DMA results. Centrifuged latex presents three phases: rubber particles (F1), lutoids (F2) and Frey-Wyssling (F3). In the fractions F2 and F3 the isoprene is absent but they contain several chemical components: proteins, amino acids and functional groups that can induce angiogenesis and neoformation on biological tissues. The treated membrane 60ºC of natural rubber showed the highest angiogenesis and neoformation activities. Furthermore, membranes containing pores favor the cicatrization process and the vascularization processes.
Nguyen, Nhu Hien, and Thanh Thao Luong. "Situation of wastewater treatment of natural rubber latex processing in the Southeastern region, Vietnam." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99176.
Повний текст джерелаCao su là một trong những cây trồng chính và đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nền kinh tế của miền Đông Nam Bộ, Việt Nam. Sản phẩm từ cây cao su thiên nhiên tại Việt Nam chủ yếu là xuất khẩu (khoảng 90%), tuy nhiên chỉ mới là dạng cao su thiên nhiên sơ chế. Quá trình sơ chế mủ cao su thiên nhiên thải bỏ một lượng lớn nước thải vào môi trường. Ở Việt Nam, hiện tại có rất nhiều công nghệ xử lý nước thải sơ chế mủ cao su đã được thiết lập và vận hành. Tuy nhiên, nồng độ ô nhiễm trong nước thải sau quá trình xử lý còn cao so với tiêu chuẩn yêu cầu (QCVN 01:2008/BTNMT). Vì vậy, bài báo này tóm tắt những công nghệ và phương pháp khác nhau được sử dụng để xử lý nước thải sơ chế mủ cao su tại Việt Nam gần đây. Thêm vào đó, những phương pháp mới và hiệu quả đang được nghiên cứu và áp dụng tại Malaysia và Thái Lan, những quốc gia có sản lượng sản xuất mủ cao su cao nhất trên thế giới cũng được giới thiệu. Bài báo này cũng cung cấp sự đa dạng của những phương pháp xử lý nhằm giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường và góp phần đảm bảo chất lượng nước đầu ra đạt tiêu chuẩn cho phép
ARAUJO, SERGIO C. de. "Vulcanizacao do latex de borracha natural induzida com feixe de eletrons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10327.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Pagnano, Leonardo de Oliveira [UNESP]. "Análise da cicatrização na pele de coelhos após tratamentos de feridas com biomateriais associados à fração de proteína do látex natural da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101102.
Повний текст джерелаConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de cicatrização de uma fração de proteína extraída do látex da seringueira em diferentes concentrações (0,01% e 0,001%) associada a diferentes biomateriais (Fibracol plusÒ e ácido hialurônico a 1%). Utilizaram-se 36 coelhos albinos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco submetidos à realização de 4 feridas em cada orelha. Dividiu-se o experimento em etapas de acordo com a análise do período pós-operatório (3º, 7º, 14º e 21º dias), sendo utilizados 9 animais para cada etapa. Na primeira etapa (3º dia de pósoperatório), os animais foram numerados aleatoriamente de 1 a 9, sendo que em 3 animais, nas orelhas esquerdas, as feridas foram tratadas com solução salina (T1) e nas orelhas direitas, as feridas foram tratadas com membrana de Fibracol plus® + FrHb1 a 0,01% (T2). Em outros 3 animais, realizaram-se os mesmos procedimentos, diferenciando os tratamentos, onde nas feridas das orelhas esquerdas o tratamento foi com Fibracol plus® (T3) e nas feridas das orelhas direitas Fibracol plus® + FrHb1 a 0,001% (T4). Nos 3 animais restantes, seguiram-se os mesmos procedimentos, inserindo nas feridas das orelhas esquerdas ácido hialurônico a 1% + FrHb1 a 0,01% (T5) e nas feridas das orelhas direitas ácido hialurônico a 1% + FrHb1 a 0,001% (T6). Os animais foram sacrificados no 3º dia de pós-operatório e as feridas foram analisadas macroscopicamente e em seguida separadas para a análise histológica. Estes procedimentos foram repetidos para as etapas de 7, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório. Os segmentos de tecidos com as feridas foram fixados em solução de Bouin por 24 horas, e processados rotineiramente, para inclusão em paraplast e posterior avaliação histológica e morfométrica. A morfometria foi realizada por meio do sistema...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for healing of a fraction of protein extracted from the latex of rubber trees in different concentrations (0.01% and 0.001%) associated with various biomaterials (Fibracol plus®1 and hyaluronic acid to 1%). There were used 36 New Zealand White rabbits underwent achievement of 4 wounds on each ear. The experiment was divided into stages according to the analysis of the postoperative period (3, 7, 14 and 21 days), and 9 animals used for each step. In the first stage (day 3 post-surgery), animals were randomly numbered from 1 to 9, with 3 animals in the left ear, the wounds were treated with saline (T1) and the right ear, the wounds were treated with membrane of Fibracol plus® + FrHb1 to 0.01% (T2). In 3 other animals, the same procedures were held, differing treatments, where the wounds of the left ear they were treated with Fibracol plus® (T3) and the wounds of the right ears Fibracol Plus® + FrHb1 to 0.001% (T4). In the 3 remaining animals, there was followed by the same procedures, including the ears wounds hyaluronic acid at 1% + FrHb1 to 0.01% (T5) and right ears wounds of hyaluronic acid 1% + FrHb1 a 0.001% (T6). The animals were sacrificed at 3 days postoperatively and the wounds were examined macroscopically and then separated for histological analysis. These procedures were repeated on the steps of 7, 14 and 21 days postoperatively. The segments of the injured tissues were fixed in Bouin solution for 24 hours and routinely processed for inclusion in paraplastic and subsequent histologic and morphometric evaluation. The morphometry was performed using the image analyzing system (Image Pro-PLUS2) and the evaluation of healing was done by enumeration of leukocytes and fibroblasts. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey test at 5%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Cícero Rafael Cena da [UNESP]. "Obtenção e caracterização de filmes nanoestruturados de polianilina/látex de borracha natural." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88358.
Повний текст джерелаFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho apresenta estudos sobre a obtenção de filmes finos de polianilina (Pani) e látex de borracha natural (BN) através da técnica de automontagem. A caracterização dos filmes compreendeu o estudo dos mecanismos cinéticos de adsorção, determinado o tempo de deposição e quantidade de material adsorvido de acordo com mudanças nas condições de deposição como pH, concentração, dopante, solvente e substrato. Foram obtidos filmes com um crescimento tipicamente linear durante todo o processo de deposição com até 10 bicamadas. Os efeitos destas mudanças sobre a estabilidade do filme foram estudados com base na cinética de dessorção, onde o filme foi lavado, sob agitação constante, em água destilada por vários dias. O estudo da cinética de dessorção revelou que o filme passa por um processo de hidratação antes que ocorra a perda de material adsorvido. A morfologia do filme foi estudada utilizando diferentes técnicas de microscopia, das quais foi possível determinar as características morfológicas dos polímeros puros e após adsorver ao substrato, assim como dos filmes com 10 bicamadas. As partículas de borracha natural puderam ser visualizadas em sua forma esférica em diferentes tamanhos, a rugosidade do filme apresentou alterações consideráveis de acordo com a quantidade de material adsorvido. Por fim realizou-se a deposição do filme sobre um eletrodo interdigitado onde estudo de sua potencialidade como sensor foi realizado. Estes estudos foram realizados por meio de medidas de capacitância do filme quando imerso em solução, variando a freqüência num intervalo de 1 à 10kHz, para isto utilizou-se a técnica de espectroscopia de impedância. Como analitos foram empregados o HCl (ácido clorídrico), NaCl (cloreto de sódio), sacarose e cafeína. Na avaliação preliminar do filme como sensor, este mostrou-se seletivo...
In this work, we report the build-up of thin film self-assembled of polyaniline (Pani) alternated with natural rubber (NB). The influence of deposition parameters such as pH, concentration, dopants, solvent and substrate were investigating using different techniques. Films with 10 bilayers were successfully produced with film thickness increase linearly with the number of bilayers. The effects of different conditions on the stability of layers were studied based on the kinetics of desorption, where the films were washed under constant stirring in distilled water for several days. The films suffer a process of hydration before the occurrence of the loss of adsorbed material. The morphology of the films was studied using different microscopy techniques, which could determine the morphological characteristics of individual polymers and selfassembled one. The particles of natural rubber could be viewed on its spherical shape in different sizes and the roughness of the film showed a tendency to decrease with the amount of adsorbed material. Finally, self-assembled thin film was obtained on an interdigitated electrode (sensor) and its capacitance response was investigated as function of frequency in different analytes. Pure water was used as reference and HCl (hydrochloric acid), NaCl (sodium chloride), sucrose and caffeine were employed as analyte. The sensor was sensitive to these analytes at 1 KHz showing its capability in sensor application.
Silva, Cícero Rafael Cena da. "Obtenção e caracterização de filmes nanoestruturados de polianilina/látex de borracha natural /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88358.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: In this work, we report the build-up of thin film self-assembled of polyaniline (Pani) alternated with natural rubber (NB). The influence of deposition parameters such as pH, concentration, dopants, solvent and substrate were investigating using different techniques. Films with 10 bilayers were successfully produced with film thickness increase linearly with the number of bilayers. The effects of different conditions on the stability of layers were studied based on the kinetics of desorption, where the films were washed under constant stirring in distilled water for several days. The films suffer a process of hydration before the occurrence of the loss of adsorbed material. The morphology of the films was studied using different microscopy techniques, which could determine the morphological characteristics of individual polymers and selfassembled one. The particles of natural rubber could be viewed on its spherical shape in different sizes and the roughness of the film showed a tendency to decrease with the amount of adsorbed material. Finally, self-assembled thin film was obtained on an interdigitated electrode (sensor) and its capacitance response was investigated as function of frequency in different analytes. Pure water was used as reference and HCl (hydrochloric acid), NaCl (sodium chloride), sucrose and caffeine were employed as analyte. The sensor was sensitive to these analytes at 1 KHz showing its capability in sensor application.
Orientador: José Antonio Malmonge
Coorientador: Luiz Francisco Malmonge
Banca: Marcelo Ornaghi Orlandi
Banca: Antonio Riul Júnior
Mestre
Oliveira, Tatiana Catelan de. "Estudo comparativo entre peritônio bovino e biomembrana de látex natural na substituição de fragmento da parede da bexiga em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89076.
Повний текст джерелаBanca: Antonio Carlos Alessi
Banca: Sheila Canevese Rahal
Resumo: Neste estudo, implantou-se peritônio bovino ou biomembrana de látex natural em defeito (1,5 x 1,5 cm) induzido na parede ventral da bexiga de coelhos, com o intuito de se avaliar o processo de reparação tecidual no que se refere à biocompatibilidade, capacidade de reparação e possíveis complicações. Utilizaram-se 36 coelhos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia Branco, adultos, machos inteiros, divididos em grupos experimentais: grupo Biomembrana (GB), grupo peritônio bovino (GP) e grupo controle (GC), cada um com 12 animais. Aos sete, 14, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, os animais foram eutanasiados mediante o emprego de uma dose elevada de tiopental sódico para avaliações macroscópica e histopatológica da interface do implante com o tecido nativo. Macroscopicamente, em ambos os grupos (GB, GP e GC), observaramse, em todos os períodos, aderências de estruturas adjacentes ao local do implante, presença de cálculos e ausência de sinais de rejeição. No grupo biomembrana, aos 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório, constatou-se a presença do biocompósito solto na luz vesical. Sob microscopia de luz, aos sete dias verificaram-se intensa reação inflamatória, neovascularização e presença de fibroblastos proliferados. Aos 14 dias não havia epitélio, porém observaram-se escassos feixes musculares, intensa neovascularização, fibroblastos e infiltrado inflamatório. No grupo GP, aos 30 dias de observação, o implante estava presente, havia fibroblastos, feixes de fibras musculares, moderada população inflamatórias e ausência de epitélio e de lâmina própria. No grupo GB, neste mesmo período, todas as camadas vesicais estavam reconstituídas. Em ambos os grupos, aos 60 dias de pós-operatório, todas as camadas vesicais encontravam-se reparadas e a membrana peritônio bovino não foi observada. No grupo GC, em todos os tempos de avaliação verificou-se integridade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this study, bovine peritoneum or biomembrane of natural latex were utilized to replace a section of ventral face of the bladder of rabbits, with purpose of evaluation of the tissue repair process in regard of its biocompatility, scar formation ability and possible complications. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits, adult and entire males were divided in three experimental groups: biomembrane group (GB), bovine peritoneum group (GP) and control group (GC), each one with 12 animals. The animals were euthanized at seven, 14, 30 and 60 days post operative, by use of an elevated dosage of sodium tiopental, followed by macroscopic and histopathological analysis of the implant interface with the native tissue. Macroscopically, in both groups (GB, GP and GC), it was observed, in all time periods, structure adherence to the implant site, presence of calculi and absence of rejection signs. In the GB group, since 30 until 60 days of post operative, it was evidenced the presence of the biomembrane inside the bladder. Under light microscopy, at seven days, there were intense inflammatory reaction, new vessels and proliferated fibroblasts. In 14 days, there was no urotelium, however it saw muscle fibers, intense inflammatory cells, new vessels and fibroblasts. In the GP group, at 30 days the implant was still present, there were fibroblasts, muscle fibers, moderate population of inflammatory cells and absence of urotelium and sheath. In the GB group, in the same time period, all the vesical layers were reconstituted. In both groups, at 60 days of post operative, bladder wall was repaired and the bovine peritoneum membrane was not observed. In the GC group, all the evaluation times, integrity of the vesical wall was verified... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Kalyani, N. M. V. "Effects of water-soluble polymers upon some properties of natural rubber latex." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235882.
Повний текст джерелаSOUZA, AUREA de. "Comportamento do AnB/KOH/HPt-B na vulcanizacao do latex de borracha natural induzida com raios gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10362.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Swabey, Stephen E. J. "Rates of natural climate change : a study of speleothems." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54553/.
Повний текст джерелаCANAVEL, VALDIR. "Efeito do antioxidante e do radiosensibilizador na estabilidade do latex de borracha natural vulcanizada com raios gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10341.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP