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Статті в журналах з теми "Laser imprint"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 січня 2025

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1

Liu, D. X., T. Tao, J. Li, Q. Jia, and J. Zheng. "Mitigating laser imprint with a foam overcoating." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 7 (July 2022): 072707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0096994.

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Анотація:

In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, laser imprint can cause areal density perturbations on the target shell that seed the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and further degrade the implosion. To mitigate the effect of laser imprint, a foam overcoating layer outside the target shell has been suggested to increase the thermal smoothing of the conduction region (between the ablation front and the critical density surface) and mass ablation of the ablation front. In this paper, we use a two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code FLASH to investigate the laser imprint mitigation performance and find other physical mechanisms of foam overcoatings. First, radiation ablation dynamically modulates density distribution not only to increase the frequency of the perturbed ablation front oscillation but also to decrease the amplitude of the oscillation. Second, a larger length of the shocked compression region reduces the amplitude of the perturbed shock front oscillation. The areal density perturbations decrease with the decrease in the perturbations of the ablation front and shock front. Based on the abovementioned physical mechanisms, we propose the optimal ranges of foam parameters to mitigate laser imprint with the aid of dimensional analysis: the foam thickness is about two to three times that of the perturbation wavelength, and the foam density is about 1/2–3/2 times that of the critical density.

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2

Teuschel, Marco, Paul Heyes, Samu Horvath, Christian Novotny, and Andrea Rusconi Clerici. "Temperature Stable Piezoelectric Imprint of Epitaxial Grown PZT for Zero-Bias Driving MEMS Actuator Operation." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101705.

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In piezoelectric transducer applications, it is common to use a unipolar operation signal to avoid switching of the polarisation and the resulting nonlinearities of micro-electromechanical systems. However, semi-bipolar or bipolar operation signals have the advantages of less leakage current, lower power consumption and no additional need of a DC−DC converter for low AC driving voltages. This study investigates the potential of using piezoelectric layers with an imprint for stable bipolar operation on the basis of epitaxially grown lead zirconate titanate cantilevers with electrodes made of a metal and metal oxide stack. Due to the manufacturing process, the samples exhibit high crystallinity, rectangular shaped hysteresis and a high piezoelectric response. Furthermore, the piezoelectric layers have an imprint, indicating a strong built-in field, which shifts the polarisation versus electric field hysteresis. To obtain the stability of the imprint, laser doppler vibrometry and switching current measurements were performed at different temperatures, yielding a stable imprinted electric field of −1.83 MV/m up to at least 100 °C. The deflection of the cantilevers was measured with a constant AC driving voltage while varying the DC bias voltage to examine the influence of the imprint under operation, revealing that the same high deflection and low nonlinearities, quantified by the total harmonic distortion, can be maintained down to low bias voltages compared to unipolar operation. These findings demonstrate that a piezoelectric layer with a strong imprint makes it possible to operate with low DC or even zero DC bias, while still providing strong piezoelectric response and linear behaviour.

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3

Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, Tomoaki Yoshino, Yohei Suzuki, and Tadahiko Inohara. "Micro-/Nano-Texturing onto Plasma-Nitrided Tool Surface by Laser Printing for CNC Imprinting and Piercing." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020265.

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A new data transformation method for micro-manufacturing using a topological model for a micro-/nano-texture was proposed for a surface-decorated product. Femtosecond laser printing was utilized to form the micro-/nano-textures into the hardened thick layer of dies by plasma nitriding. At first, the plasma-nitrided AISI316L flat substrate was laser-printed as a punch to imprint the tailored nano-textures onto the AA1060 aluminum plate for its surface decoration with topological emblems. Second, the plasma-nitrided SKD11 cylindrical punch was laser-trimmed to form the nanostructures on its side surface. This nano-texture was imprinted onto the hole surface concurrently with piercing a circular hole into electrical steel sheet. The fully burnished surface had a shiny, metallic quality due to the nano-texturing. The plasma nitriding, the laser printing and the CNC (computer numerical control) imprinting provided a way of transforming the tailored textures on the metallic product.

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4

TSUCHIYA, Hiroyuki, Hiroaki KURIHARA, and Junichi IKENO. "430 Study on laser imprint of glass." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2006.6 (2006): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2006.6.289.

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5

Lin, C. Y., Yung Chun Lee, Fei Bin Hsiao, and C. H. Chuang. "Parametric Investigation of Laser-Assisted Direct Imprint (LADI) Technique." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.307.

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Nano-imprinting Lithography (NIL) has been considered as the most promising technique for nano-scaled fabrication and patterning. Recently, a new approach known as Laser-Assisted Direct Imprinting(LADI) has been proposed and demonstrated as an even more efficient way for direct nanofabrication and nanopatterning. In this study, we focused on silicon materials and utilized a single KrF excimer laser pulse (248 nm wavelength and 30 ns pulse duration) as the heating source. Molds of micro-scaled size have been prepared using conventional photolithography techniques. A working platform based on an Excimer Laser Micro-Machining system is constructed for LADI process. The influence of laser fluence and the imprinted pressure on the resulting structures was verifying by varying the laser fluence (1.0 ~ 1.2 J/cm2) and the imprinted load (3 ~ 9kg). The results have shown that the morphology and the imprinted depth were directly related to the laser fluence and the imprinted pressure. Quantitative data are obtained and will be addressed.

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6

Schell, Felix, Timm Bredtmann, Claus Peter Schulz, Serguei Patchkovskii, Marc J. J. Vrakking, and Jochen Mikosch. "Molecular orbital imprint in laser-driven electron recollision." Science Advances 4, no. 5 (May 2018): eaap8148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap8148.

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7

Alaci, Stelian, Florina Carmen Ciornei, Constantin Filote, and Ionuţ Cristian Românu. "Analysis of Postimpact Plastic Indentation Profiles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.223.

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The paper presents the analysis of plastic indentations resulting after the impact between a steel ball and a disc made of mild steel, rotating about a vertical axis. The imprints are analysed using a laser scanner, the profiles of the mark, in normal and tangent section about the impact point radius, being relevant. It is shown that the use of parabolas is sufficient to approximate the profiles of the imprint. The profiles from the two sections are interpolated and then brought for comparison into the same coordinate system. Finally, the curvature radii of the profiles from the two sections are found and the remark that increasing the angular speed of the disc presents opposite effects to the curvature radius in the two sections.

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8

Hasegawa, Kouki, Shigeru Tanaka, Ivan Bataev, Daisuke Inao, Matatoshi Nishi, Akihisa Kubota, and Kazuyuki Hokamoto. "Toward a Better Understanding of Shock Imprinting with Polymer Molds Using a Combination of Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051727.

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In the last decade, a new technique has been developed for the nanoimprinting of thin-metal foils using laser-induced shock waves. Recent studies have proposed replacing metal or silicone molds with inexpensive polymer molds for nanoimprinting. In addition, explosive-derived shock waves provide deeper imprinting than molds, greatly simplifying the application of this technology for mass production. In this study, we focused on explosive-derived shock waves, which persist longer than laser-induced shock waves. A numerical analysis and a set of simplified molding experiments were conducted to identify the cause of the deep imprint. Our numerical analysis has accurately simulated the pressure history and deformation behavior of the workpiece and the mold. Whereas a high pressure immediately deforms the polymer mold, a sustained pressure gradually increases the molding depth of the workpiece. Therefore, the duration of the pressure can be one of the conditions to control the impact imprint phenomenon.

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9

JUNGWIRTH, K. "Recent highlights of the PALS research program." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050317.

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The Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) research program covers a broad spectrum of laser–plasma experiments in the range of power densities of 1014-5 × 1016W/cm2, aimed at development and applications of laser plasma-based ion and soft X-ray sources of plasma based ultra-bright XUV lasers in particular. In parallel to these two main lines of research, various principal tasks of laser plasma physics are being studied, such as generation and propagation of laser-induced shock waves, laser ablation, and crater creation processes or laser imprint treatment. Results selected of numerous experimental projects performed at PALS within the period 2002–2004 are surveyed in the paper, experiments with intense soft XUV laser beams being highlighted on the first place.

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10

Martinez, D. A., V. A. Smalyuk, I. V. Igumenshchev, B. Delorme, A. Casner, L. Masse, H. S. Park, B. A. Remington, and M. Olazabal-Loumé. "Measurement of ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov evolution from laser imprint." Physics of Plasmas 24, no. 10 (October 2017): 102702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4991703.

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11

Delorme, B., M. Olazabal-Loumé, A. Casner, Ph Nicolaï, D. T. Michel, G. Riazuelo, N. Borisenko, et al. "Experimental demonstration of laser imprint reduction using underdense foams." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 4 (April 2016): 042701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945619.

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12

Taylor, R. J., A. L. Velikovich, J. P. Dahlburg, and J. H. Gardner. "Saturation of Laser Imprint on Ablatively Driven Plastic Targets." Physical Review Letters 79, no. 10 (September 8, 1997): 1861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.1861.

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13

LEBO, I. G., A. B. ISKAKOV, J. LIMPOUCH, K. MASHEK, K. ROHLENA, and V. F. TISHKIN. "2D Modeling of thermal smoothing of laser imprint in a double-pulse plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174214.

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Laser prepulse effect on thermal smoothing of non-uniformities of target illumination is studied by means of 2D Lagrangian hydrodynamics simulation, based on parameters of real experiment. A substantial smoothing effect is demonstrated in case of an optimum delay between the prepulse and main heating laser pulse. The cause of enhancement of thermal smoothing effect by laser prepulse is the formation of long hot layer between the region of laser absorption and ablation surface. Comparison with experimental results is presented.

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14

Liu, H. Z., Bing Heng Lu, Y. C. Ding, D. C. Li, Yi Ping Tang, and T. Jin. "A Measurement System for Step Imprint Lithography." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.107.

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Анотація:

A precision 6-degree-of-freedom measurement system has been developed for simultaneous on-line measurements of imprint lithography stage. To successfully accomplish nanometer-scale pattern transfer from mold to resist film on the wafer, two types of positioning methods, static and dynamic, are used in this system. Two laser interferometers, two optical reflection mirrors and special structure on the stage with 3 elastic tracks are employed in this system to detect the positions and rotations of the stage. Through an algorithm, measurements of pitch, yaw and roll motions can be achieved. This system can realize on-line position detecting. Based on adjusting of PZTs, the detecting precision can reach 10nm and ±3 milli-arcsec, respectively. The measuring range can reach 100mm and ±10 arcsec, respectively.

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15

Wang, Liangwei, Shuai Guo, Ke Chai, Liang Liang, An li, Fangyin Zhao, Ya li, and Ruibin Liu. "Two-dimensional hexagonal symmetry diffraction pattern by SiO2 photonic structures fabricated by hot embossing." Functional Materials Letters 10, no. 03 (April 11, 2017): 1750031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360471750031x.

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Using synthesized sol–gel nanoimprint resist, large-area, ordered SiO2 cylindrical and stripe photonic nanostructures with constant aspect ratio have been fabricated by a single-step soft stamp hot embossing nanoimprint. Different from the traditional hot embossing nanoimprint technique, in our imprint process, the external force applied to the soft stamp is provided just by using our hand. Since the stress can be well released, the stamp can be easily released after the hot stage cooling down. So the optical window (K9 glass) substrates with imprinted two-dimensional SiO2 cylindrical photonic nanostructures show good light diffraction property. Also, our experiment demonstrates that with the imprinted sample annealing at 200[Formula: see text]C, the density of SiO2 will be increased and the diffraction efficiency can be further enhanced. In addition, the light splitting characteristic can still keep good for a larger (6 inch) substrate, which has a certain radian. This illustrates that this nanoimprint method can be compatible with the fluctuation of the imprinted substrates. Furthermore, as the distance between two adjacent feature nanostructures is in sub-micro scale, hexagonal symmetry diffraction pattern by the cylindrical photonic structures was realized at normal incidence of monochromatic laser ([Formula: see text]532[Formula: see text]nm). The diffraction efficiency of first order is about 11.2%. Morever, the diffraction pattern and the intensity of the first diffraction order can be modulated just by changing the incident angle of the input laser.

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16

Desselberger, M., T. Afshar-rad, F. Khattak, S. Viana, and O. Willi. "Nonuniformity imprint on the ablation surface of laser-irradiated targets." Physical Review Letters 68, no. 10 (March 9, 1992): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.1539.

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17

Cui, Bo, Wei Wu, Chris Keimel, and Stephen Y. Chou. "Filling of nano-via holes by laser-assisted direct imprint." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.087.

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18

Schmitt, Andrew J., and Stephen P. Obenschain. "The importance of laser wavelength for driving inertial confinement fusion targets. I. Basic physics." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (January 2023): 012701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118080.

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Анотація:

We reinvestigate the role that laser wavelength plays in driving inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Different assumptions underlie previous analytic frameworks that provide predictions for wavelength scaling of many important target parameters. These are explored and compared to radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of laser-driven targets. We are particularly interested here in lasers with wavelengths between [Formula: see text] [wavelength of the Argon Flouride (ArF) excimer laser] and [Formula: see text] (the frequency-doubled glass Nd:glass laser). Short-wavelength drivers have significant advantages for directly driven ICF targets, which are summarized here. We show that constraints such as providing a certain pressure or avoiding laser-plasma instability thresholds allow shorter laser wavelengths to provide energy savings, pressure enhancements, and/or higher hydrodynamic efficiencies. We also consider potential disadvantages, such as increased laser imprint or exposure to the Landau–Darrieus instability. These are shown to be either minor and/or can be easily remediated.

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19

Schmitt, Andrew J., and Stephen P. Obenschain. "The importance of laser wavelength for driving inertial confinement fusion targets. II. Target design." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (January 2023): 012702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118093.

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We describe details of radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of directly driven targets for inertial confinement fusion using laser drivers with different laser wavelengths. Of particular interest here are comparisons of frequency-tripled glass (laser wavelength 351 nm) lasers with the argon fluoride (193 nm) and krypton fluoride (248 nm) excimer lasers and the effects that these laser wavelengths have on the target designs. We explore the effect these drivers have on the compromise involved between lowering laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) or hydrodynamic instabilities while providing high gains and seek to quantify this trade-off. Short-wavelength drivers have significant advantages, primarily in using less power and energy to drive targets. Additionally, they expand the allowed operating regime that is constrained by LPI avoidance and the production of higher pressures needed for more hydrodynamically stable targets. Potential disadvantages to shorter drive wavelengths, such as increased imprint, are examined and found to be unimportant.

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20

Metzler, Nathan, Alexander L. Velikovich, Andrew J. Schmitt, and John H. Gardner. "Laser imprint reduction with a short shaping laser pulse incident upon a foam-plastic target." Physics of Plasmas 9, no. 12 (December 2002): 5050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1517610.

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21

PHILLIPS, LEE, JOHN H. GARDNER, STEPHEN E. BODNER, DENIS COLOMBANT, S. P. OBENSCHAIN, A. J. SCHMITT, JILL P. DAHLBURG, TOM LEHECKA, MARCEL KLAPISCH, and AVRAHAM BAR-SHALOM. "New target designs for direct-drive ICF." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 2 (April 1999): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699172082.

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Анотація:

We describe two approaches to the design of a direct-drive high-gain pellet for inertial confinement fusion reactors that has enhanced stability due to the reduction in the Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate and enhanced thermal smoothing of laser imprint. The first design incorporates an overcoat containing a high-Z element that radiatively heats the ablator during the foot of the laser pulse. The second incorporates a very low density foam ablator that is compressed by a series of transmitted and reflected shocks. Both designs enhance thermal smoothing by developing a very long density scale length and high electron densities in the ablator blowoff.

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22

MATSUI, N., K. MIMA, M. HONDA, and A. NISHIGUCHI. "Analysis of rippled shock-wave propagation and ablation-front stability by theory and hydrodynamic simulation." Journal of Plasma Physics 61, no. 1 (January 1999): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898007260.

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The hydrodynamic start-up problem is one of the most crucial issues in laser-driven symmetrical implosion. The target-surface roughness and initial imprint by nonuniform laser irradiation result in Rayleigh–Taylor instability in the acceleration and deceleration phase. To estimate the tolerance of the target-surface roughness, the temporal behaviour of corrugated ablation surface and rippled shock-wave propagation are investigated using a perturbation analysis of the fluid equation, which is solved under the boundary model of a fire-polished ablation surface. The results show good agreement with two- dimensional hydrodynamic simulation and experimental results [T. Endo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.74, 3608 (1995)].

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23

Weber, S. V., S. G. Glendinning, D. H. Kalantar, M. H. Key, B. A. Remington, J. E. Rothenberg, E. Wolfrum, C. P. Verdon, and J. P. Knauer. "Simulations of laser imprint for Nova experiments and for ignition capsules." Physics of Plasmas 4, no. 5 (May 1997): 1978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872339.

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24

Artese, G. "IMPROVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING ROTATIONS AND DISPLACEMENTS OF BRIDGES BASED ON LASER POINTER AND DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W18 (November 29, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w18-1-2019.

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Abstract. A system for monitoring rotations and displacements of bridges based on laser pointer and digital photogrammetry is described. The system uses three common laser pointers and image processing. The inclination of the elastic line is measured by analysing the individual frames of an HD video of the laser beam footprint projected onto a flat target. The methodology, able to conjugate a high precision, low cost, and easiness of use, is an evolution of a method developed at University of Calabria, Italy. The use of three laser pointers allows to improve the performance of the previous method, obtaining both displacements and rotations at a generic point of the bridge deck, and deriving the transverse rotation of the deck cross section. The investigated method exploits the laser pointers’ property to provide a steady pointing direction, a long-range and a high-brightness visible imprint. The method and the results of an experimental test are described and discussed.

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25

Oh, Jaechul, Andrew J. Schmitt, Max Karasik, and Stephen P. Obenschain. "Measurements of laser-imprint-induced shock velocity nonuniformities in plastic targets with the Nike KrF laser." Physics of Plasmas 28, no. 3 (March 2021): 032704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0039395.

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26

Kalantar, D. H., L. B. Da Silva, S. G. Glendinning, B. A. Remington, F. Weber, S. V. Weber, M. H. Key, et al. "Extreme ultraviolet probing of laser imprint in a thin foil using an x-ray laser backlighter." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 1 (January 1997): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147747.

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27

Park, Bae Ho, T. W. Noh, J. Lee, Cha Yeon Kim, and W. Jo. "Pulsed laser deposition of Bi4Ti3O12 thin films and their anomalous imprint characteristics." Integrated Ferroelectrics 14, no. 1-4 (January 1997): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584589708019991.

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28

Chen, Linyi, Guangxue Chen, Liyu Liao, and Haozhi Chen. "Naked-Eye 3D Display Based on Microlens Array Using Combined Micro-Nano Imprint and UV Offset Printing Methods." Molecules 25, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092012.

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Анотація:

An optical film integrating microlens array (MLAs) and 3D micro-graphics is an important way to achieve the naked-eye 3D display effect. The 3D micro-graphics is traditionally generated by the micro-nano imprint technology based on precision engraving mold, which leads to high production cost and low production efficiency, and thus restricts the rapid response to production tasks and large-scale popularization and application. In this study, a process scheme for large-scale printing of 3D micro-graphics using UV offset printing based on presensitized (PS) plate was proposed, matching with the MLAs fabricated by micro-nano imprint process to achieve naked-eye 3D display effect. We used the laser confocal microscope to systematically measure and analyze the geometric and optical performance of the fabricated MLAs in terms of height, curvature radius, center distance, spacing, focal length, and numerical aperture, and evaluated the influence of the publishing resolution of the PS plate on the display effect of 3D micro-graphics. The printing quality and display effect of 3D micro-graphics were further improved by adjusting process parameters such as printing speed and printing pressure. The results of the current study demonstrate that the combined application of micro-nano imprint technology based on precision mold and UV offset printing technology based on PS plate can achieve an excellent naked-eye 3D display effect in 360° all angles, which is efficient, cost-saving, and highly flexible.

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29

Pata, Vladimír, Janiš Rahula, Libuše Sýkorová, Andrea Zapletalová, and Jana Knedlova. "Scanning and Evaluation of Biological Surfaces Using the Technique of Rapid Prototyping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.256.

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One of the most important characteristics of a cosmetic product is maintain or improving the condition and characteristics of the skin surface. In dermatological, respectively cosmetic practice, there is very often a problem of an objective assessment of the obtained data, which corresponds to visual changes in skin relief. With technical advancements has it been proposed many approaches of solution: mechanical needle devices, optical interference devices, and microscopic, holographic, laser and photometers ones. Each of them has its advantages and negative qualities. The newest devices allow not only two-dimensional assessment (2D), but also spatial one (3D). Scientific literature such as Measuring the Skin recommends for these cases scanning the surface in 3D, using the contact scanners for made imprints. Here, however, errors that may be caused by mechanical method of scanning skin relief are not taken into consideration and there is also not clearly described the material suitable for the production of custom impression. The following article focuses precisely on this issue, specifically on the implementation of the biological surface relief imprint using a silicone impression material, its 3D scanning without contact and forming an enlarged replica by rapid prototyping technology.

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30

Lazauskas, Algirdas, Viktoras Grigaliūnas, and Dalius Jucius. "Recovery Behavior of Microstructured Thiol-Ene Shape-Memory Film." Coatings 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040267.

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In this work, surface microstructurization was coupled with shape-memory polymer to generate reversibly tunable surface properties. A photopolymerizable thiol-ene composition comprising a mixture of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) was used to prepare microstructured thiol-ene shape-memory film via casting and UV polymerization on the electron beam lithography fabricated arrays of 1 µm and 2 µm square pits. The mechanical deformation via compression and recovery of the surface microstructure were investigated. Results show that, after heat treatment of the deformed thiol-ene film, the recovery yields for microstructures were not worse than 90% ± 2% and 93% ± 2% for structures imprinted with 1 µm and 2 µm square pit micro imprint stamps. Additionally, heat treatment of deformed thiol-ene film resulted in the recovery of intense diffraction colors and laser diffraction patterns. This study opens up an avenue of incorporating microstructured shape-memory films for new products, e.g., optical security devices, superhydrophobic coatings, medical diagnostics and biosensors.

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31

Kalantar, D. H., M. H. Key, L. B. Da Silva, S. G. Glendinning, B. A. Remington, J. E. Rothenberg, F. Weber, et al. "Measurements of direct drive laser imprint in thin foils by radiography using an x-ray laser backlighter." Physics of Plasmas 4, no. 5 (May 1997): 1985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872340.

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32

Fürst, Christoph, Nikolaus Studnicka, and Martin Pfennigbauer. "How Much of a Historic Town Can Be Mapped by a Terrestrial Laser Scanner within a Working Day? - A Single Touch Workflow." Studies in Digital Heritage 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v1i2.23332.

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Downtown Vienna with its world-famous cultural sites and architectural features is most definitely worth conservation. One way to archive at least a digital 3D imprint is laser scanning. While urban mapping with airborne or mobile laser scanning is fast and efficient, the resulting point clouds might not have the required resolution or might experience gaps due to shadowing. Terrestrial laser scanning has the potential to overcome these limitations. However, it has long been considered time-consuming and labour-intensive both while capturing and also while processing the data.In order to challenge this, we performed a field test with the new RIEGL VZ-400i terrestrial laser scanner. For eight hours, in the night from 2nd to 3rd of June 2016, one single operator employed the instrument throughout the city center of Vienna. He managed to take 514 high-resolution laser scans with approximately 9m between the scan positions.The data acquired in the course of this test impressively demonstrates the potential of state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning to preserve detailed 3D-information of urban environments within limited amount of time. This paper describes the complete workflow from the one touch operation in the field up to the automatic registration process of the collected laser scans.

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33

Fu, Yangxi, Marcos Soldera, Wei Wang, Bogdan Voisiat, and Andrés Fabián Lasagni. "Picosecond Laser Interference Patterning of Periodical Micro-Architectures on Metallic Molds for Hot Embossing." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203409.

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In this work, it is demonstrated that direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a method capable of producing microtextured metallic molds for hot embossing processes. Three different metals (Cr, Ni, and Cu), relevant for the mold production used in nanoimprinting systems, are patterned by DLIP using a picosecond laser source emitting at a 532 nm wavelength. The results show that the quality and surface topography of the produced hole-like micropatterns are determined by the laser processing parameters, such as irradiated energy density and the number of pulses. Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are also observed on the treated surfaces, whose shapes, periodicities, and orientations are strongly dependent on the accumulated fluence. Finally, the three structured metals are used as embossing molds to imprint microlenses on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) foils using an electrohydraulic press. Topographical profiles demonstrate that the obtained structures are comparable to the masters showing a satisfactory reproduction of the texture. The polymeric microlens arrays that showed the best surface homogeneity and overall quality were those embossed with the Cr molds.

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34

Nakai, M., H. Azechi, N. Miyanaga, K. Shigemori, T. Kawasaki, T. Nagaya, M. Nishikino, et al. "Single spatial mode experiments on initial laser imprint on direct-driven planar targets." Physics of Plasmas 9, no. 5 (May 2002): 1734–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467656.

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35

Ohnishi, Naofumi, Hideo Nagatomo, Hideaki Takabe, Hiroaki Nishimura, Masaharu Nishikino, Hiroyuki Shiraga, and Tatsuhiko Yamanaka. "Enhancement of Thermal Smoothing Effect on Laser Imprint with Soft X-Ray Radiation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 40, Part 1, No. 3A (March 15, 2001): 1435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.40.1435.

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36

ITO, Shunya, and Masaru NAKAGAWA. "“Print-and-Imprint” Method : Novel Nanoimprint Technology Based on Laser-Drilled Screen Printing." Vacuum and Surface Science 63, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/vss.63.592.

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37

Mason, R. J., R. A. Kopp, H. X. Vu, D. C. Wilson, S. R. Goldman, R. G. Watt, M. Dunne, and O. Willi. "Computational study of laser imprint mitigation in foam-buffered inertial confinement fusion targets." Physics of Plasmas 5, no. 1 (January 1998): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872690.

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38

Wang, Wenjun, Xuesong Mei, and Gedong Jiang. "Control of microstructure shape and morphology in femtosecond laser ablation of imprint rollers." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 41, no. 5-6 (April 26, 2008): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1490-9.

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39

Kalantar, D. H., T. W. Barbee, L. B. DaSilva, S. G. Glendinning, F. Weber, S. V. Weber, M. H. Key та J. P. Knauer. "X‐ray laser radiography of perturbations due to imprint of laser speckle in 0.35 μm laser irradiation of a thin Si foil". Review of Scientific Instruments 67, № 3 (березень 1996): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146809.

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40

LEBO, I. G., Yu A. MIKHAILOV, V. F. TISHKIN, and V. D. ZVORYKIN. "Analysis and 2D numerical modeling of burn through of metallic foil experiments using power KrF and Nd lasers." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174202.

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Two series of experiments on laser irradiation of the different thickness Al-foils were made using laser facilities “GARPUN” and “PICO” (Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow). “GARPUN” is the KrF-laser with pulse energy Elas ≈ 100 J and pulse duration τ ≈ 100 ns. “PICO” is a Nd-laser facility. The laser energy is Elas1 ≈ 20 J and τ ≈ 3–4 ns in a single beam. The burn through time (tb) of different thickness foils was studied. We have varied the foil thickness: d = 20–500 μm for “GARPUN” facility experiments, and d = 3–12 μm for the case of “PICO” experiments. It was discovered that the rates of the foil burn through are much higher than those obtained in (Dahmani et al., 1991a,b). The experimental data were analyzed with the help of 2D numerical simulations, using the 2D Euler code “NUTCY.” Good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental results. In the first case the rate of foil “enlightment” is defined by transversal displacement of matter (“drilling effect”). With allowance for the effect of “hot spots formations” it was possible to explain the burn through of thick foils and low laser energy at the rear side of films in “PICO” facility experiments (“microdrilling effect”). The methods of the diminishing of the influence of microdrilling effect (or “imprint” effect) on the nonuniformity of ablation pressure are discussed.

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41

Blessing, S., S. Wagner, and J. Kriegseis. "Measurements Of The Thickness Of Liquid Films Utilising Total Reflection Of A Laser Beam At The Phase Boundary." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.45.

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In this work, a measurement technique for measuring liquid film thickness based on the total reflection of a laser is investigated. The thickness of liquid films is a key parameter in modeling certain two-phase flow regimes like annular or slug flow. Its measurement usually requires extensive optical or mechanical access to the flow. However, in situations where optical access is limited and radical modifications on the measurement object are impossible, e.g. in an operating fuel cell, these conventional techniques are not easily applicable. A key feature of the technique presented in this work is that it requires no modifications other than an optical access at the surface on which the liquid film of interest is deposited on. A laser beam is introduced through a prism to the optical access and consequently the liquid film in an angle that causes the beam to be totally internally reflected at the free surface of the film. An imprint of the reflected beam, which leaves the optical access again through the prism, is captured on a scope. If the thickness of the film changes, the laser beam’s optical path changes with it, causing a displacement of its imprint on the scope. This displacement is a direct measure for the film thickness. In this work, a three dimensional linear algebra model describing the experimental setup is presented and used to derive the basic working principle. It is successfully shown in a proof of concept study that the measurement technique correctly estimates the thickness of a static liquid film deposited on a prism in combination with a cross-correlation based image processing routine. To understand the restrictions of the measurement technique, the most important error sources with regards to the measurement of dynamic film flows are discussed using a mixed analytical and numerical approach based on the previously derived working model. The technique is likely applicable to dynamic film flows. However, concerns regarding high measurement uncertainty caused by curved free surfaces demand further investigation.

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42

Bouchard, Felix, Marcos Soldera, Robert Baumann, and Andrés Fabián Lasagni. "Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071756.

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Nowadays, the demand for surface functionalized plastics is constantly rising. To address this demand with an industry compatible solution, here a strategy is developed for producing hierarchical microstructures on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by hot embossing using a stainless steel stamp. The master was structured using three laser-based processing steps. First, a nanosecond-Direct Laser Writing (DLW) system was used to pattern dimples with a depth of up to 8 µm. Next, the surface was smoothed by a remelting process with a high-speed laser scanning at low laser fluence. In the third step, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) was utilized using four interfering sub-beams to texture a hole-like substructure with a spatial period of 3.1 µm and a depth up to 2 µm. The produced stamp was used to imprint PET foils under controlled temperature and pressure. Optical confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the hierarchical textures could be accurately transferred to the polymer. Finally, the wettability of the single- and multi-scaled textured PET surfaces was characterized with a drop shape analyzer, revealing that the highest water contact angles were reached for the hierarchical patterns. Particularly, this angle was increased from 77° on the untreated PET up to 105° for a hierarchical structure processed with a DLW spot distance of 60 µm and with 10 pulses for the DLIP treatment.

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43

Wolfrum, E., J. Wark, J. Zhang, D. Kalantar, M. H. Key, B. A. Remington, S. V. Weber, et al. "Measurement of single mode imprint in laser ablative drive of a thin Al foil by extreme ultraviolet laser radiography." Physics of Plasmas 5, no. 1 (January 1998): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872691.

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44

Heimann, Philip, Michael MacDonald, Bob Nagler, Hae Ja Lee, Eric Galtier, Brice Arnold, and Zhou Xing. "Compound refractive lenses as prefocusing optics for X-ray FEL radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 2 (February 17, 2016): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516001636.

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The performance of X-ray free-electron laser beamlines may be limited by the angular aperture. Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) can be employed to prefocus the X-ray beam, thereby increasing the beamline transmission. A prefocusing CRL was implemented in the X-ray transport of the Matter under Extreme Conditions Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. A significant improvement in the beamline transmission was calculated over the 3–10 keV photon energy range. At 5 keV, the relative X-ray intensity was measured and a factor of four increase was seen in the beamline transmission. The X-ray focus was also determined by the ablation imprint method.

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45

Iskakov, A. B., V. F. Tishkin, I. G. Lebo, J. Limpouch, K. Mašek, and K. Rohlena. "Two-dimensional model of thermal smoothing of laser imprint in a double-pulse plasma." Physical Review E 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.842.

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46

Luo, Jianghua, Jun Li, and Huafeng Zhang. "Imprint of transient electron localization in ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$ using circularly-polarized laser pulse." Chinese Physics B 29, no. 12 (December 2020): 123201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/abbbe1.

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47

Nakagawa, Gou, Tanemasa Asano, and Mitsutoshi Miyasaka. "Location Control of Si Thin-Film Grain Using Ni Imprint and Excimer Laser Annealing." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45, no. 5B (May 25, 2006): 4335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.45.4335.

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48

Schmitt, Andrew J., A. L. Velikovich, J. H. Gardner, C. Pawley, S. P. Obenschain, Y. Aglitskiy, and Y. Chan. "Growth of pellet imperfections and laser imprint in direct drive inertial confinement fusion targets." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 5 (May 2001): 2287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1360709.

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49

Kalantar, D. H., M. H. Key, L. B. DaSilva., S. G. Glendinning, J. P. Knauer, B. A. Remington, F. Weber та S. V. Weber. "Measurement of0.35μmLaser Imprint in a Thin Si Foil Using an X-Ray Laser Backlighter". Physical Review Letters 76, № 19 (6 травня 1996): 3574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.3574.

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50

Wachulak, Przemyslaw, Alfio Torrisi, Mesfin Ayele, Andrzej Bartnik, Joanna Czwartos, Łukasz Węgrzyński, Tomasz Fok, and Henryk Fiedorowicz. "Nanoimaging using soft X-ray and EUV laser-plasma sources." EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816703001.

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In this work we present three experimental, compact desk-top imaging systems: SXR and EUV full field microscopes and the SXR contact microscope. The systems are based on laser-plasma EUV and SXR sources based on a double stream gas puff target. The EUV and SXR full field microscopes, operating at 13.8 nm and 2.88 nm wavelengths are capable of imaging nanostructures with a sub-50 nm spatial resolution and short (seconds) exposure times. The SXR contact microscope operates in the “water-window” spectral range and produces an imprint of the internal structure of the imaged sample in a thin layer of SXR sensitive photoresist. Applications of such desk-top EUV and SXR microscopes, mostly for biological samples (CT26 fibroblast cells and Keratinocytes) are also presented. Details about the sources, the microscopes as well as the imaging results for various objects will be presented and discussed. The development of such compact imaging systems may be important to the new research related to biological, material science and nanotechnology applications.

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