Готові списки джерел за темами / Laser ablation tomography

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Laser ablation tomography"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Laser ablation tomography"

Góra, Michalina, Piotr Targowski, Antoni Rycyk, and Jan Marczak. "Varnish Ablation Control by Optical Coherence Tomography." Laser Chemistry 2006 (January 14, 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/10647.

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Preliminary results of the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT), in particular in its spectral mode (SOCT) to the control of a varnish ablation process, are presented. Examination of the ablation craters made with an Er:YAG laser allows optimization of the laser emission parameters controlling fluence with respect to efficiency and safety of the ablation process. Results of measurements of ablation crater depth as a function of the number of pulses for a given fluence are presented for selected resins. This validates the applicability of SOCT to calibration of ablation conditions for the particular laser-varnish-paint layer combinations, and of its usage in planning the varnish ablation procedure. These results also imply that a review of conventional ablation thresholds is called for. Applicability of the SOCT technique to contemporaneous in situ monitoring of the range of varnish ablation is discussed.

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Cetin, Cigdem, Sandra Drusová, Arsham Hamidi, Georg Rauter, Philippe Cattin, Azhar Zam, and Ferda Canbaz. "Bone ablation using a Ho:YAG laser." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1148.

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Abstract This study aimed to optimize the ablation depth and duration at a fixed energy using a Ho:YAG laser, considering fiber delivery applications. According to the measurements performed with an optical coherence tomography system, we obtained depths of about 1.4 mm with 500 mJ/pulse applied energy when moving the laser along a 1 cm line for 60 s (corresponding to ~50 pulses per position). Coupling this laser into a flexible fiber (θ= 250 μm) will be the next step for future minimal-invasive bone ablation trials. Furthermore, deeper ablation (~1.5 mm) was also achieved with different energy levels on bone samples.

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Zhang, Yaokun, Tom Pfeiffer, Marcel Weller, Wolfgang Wieser, Robert Huber, Jörg Raczkowsky, Jörg Schipper, Heinz Wörn, and Thomas Klenzner. "Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Laser Cochleostomy: Towards the Accuracy on Tens of Micrometer Scale." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/251814.

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Lasers have been proven to be precise tools for bone ablation. Applying no mechanical stress to the patient, they are potentially very suitable for microsurgery on fragile structures such as the inner ear. However, it remains challenging to control the laser-bone ablation without injuring embedded soft tissue. In this work, we demonstrate a closed-loop control of a short-pulsed CO2laser to perform laser cochleostomy under the monitoring of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. A foresighted detection of the bone-endosteum-perilymph boundary several hundred micrometers before its exposure has been realized. Position and duration of the laser pulses are planned based on the residual bone thickness distribution. OCT itself is also used as a highly accurate tracking system for motion compensation between the target area and the optics. Duringex vivoexperimental evaluation on fresh porcine cochleae, the ablation process terminated automatically when the thickness of the residual tissue layer uniformly reached a predefined value. The shape of the resulting channel bottom converged to the natural curvature of the endosteal layer without injuring the critical structure. Preliminary measurements in OCT scans indicated that the mean absolute accuracy of the shape approximation was only around 20 μm.

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Ventura, Bruna V., Haroldo V. Moraes, Newton Kara-Junior, and Marcony R. Santhiago. "Role of Optical Coherence Tomography on Corneal Surface Laser Ablation." Journal of Ophthalmology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/676740.

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This paper focuses on reviewing the roles of optical coherence tomography (OCT) on corneal surface laser ablation procedures. OCT is an optical imaging modality that uses low-coherence interferometry to provide noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructurein vivo.There are two types of OCTs, each with transverse and axial spatial resolutions of a few micrometers: the time-domain and the fourier-domain OCTs. Both have been increasingly used by refractive surgeons and have specific advantages. Which of the current imaging instruments is a better choice depends on the specific application. In laserin situkeratomileusis (LASIK) and in excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), OCT can be used to assess corneal characteristics and guide treatment decisions. OCT accurately measures central corneal thickness, evaluates the regularity of LASIK flaps, and quantifies flap and residual stromal bed thickness. When evaluating the ablation depth accuracy by subtracting preoperative from postoperative measurements, OCT pachymetry correlates well with laser ablation settings. In addition, OCT can be used to provide precise information on the morphology and depth of corneal pathologic abnormalities, such as corneal degenerations, dystrophies, and opacities, correlating with histopathologic findings.

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Roszkowska, Anna M., Giovanni W. Oliverio, Giuseppe A. Signorino, Mario Urso, and Pasquale Aragona. "Severe Corneal Morphological Alterations after Excimer Laser Surface Ablation for a High Astigmatism." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516311.

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We report long-term alterations of anterior corneal stroma after excimer laser surface ablation for a high astigmatism. The patient claimed progressive visual loss in his right eye (RE) during the last 3 years after bilateral laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) surgery. His examination comprised visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), slit-lamp examination, corneal topography and tomography, AS-OCT, and confocal microscopy. The UDVA was 0.1 in his RE and 1.0 in the left eye. The CDVA in the RE was 0.8. The slit-lamp examination showed a stromal lesion in the inferior paracentral corneal zone, with multiple vertical tissue bridges and severe thinning. Corneal topography and tomography showed central flattening with inferior steepening and severe alteration in elevation maps. AS-OCT showed void areas in the anterior stroma with thinning of the underlying tissue, and confocal images were not specific. In this case, progressive corneal steepening and thinning that manifest topographically as inferior ectasia occurred in correspondence to the singular stromal alterations after LASEK.

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Korzeniewska, Ewa, Jarosław Gocławski, Joanna Sekulska-Nalewajko, Maria Walczak, and Bożena Wilbik-Hałgas. "Changes in Fabric Surface Pilling under Laser Ablation." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205832.

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Textiles require finishing to improve their usability and functionality but in the first place, to reduce of pilling tendency, which affects all kinds of synthetic and natural fabrics. Several laser ablation tests have been applied to the selected fabrics with different chemical composition to reveal the impact of this process on the pilling behavior. To reflect the pilling changes, two textural descriptors have been proposed to textile images obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT). They showed the trend to reduce values with increasing laser power applied to the tested fabrics. It has been demonstrated, that in the case of textiles based on polyester threads, laser modification of the product surface led to a significant reduction in their tendency for pilling.

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Sachdev, Harikrishan S., Bhairav Patel, Mark McManis, Mark Lee, and Dave F. Clarke. "Comparing Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Magneto-encephalography (MEG) Seizure Localizations in Pediatric Cases of Laser Ablation." Journal of Child Neurology 34, no. 6 (February 12, 2019): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818822353.

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Intractable epilepsy may have a more severe effect on children in comparison to adults because the motor, sensorial, and cognitive functions of children are still undergoing development. For this same reason, however, children maintain a greater potential for recovery from intractable epilepsy because of the remaining cerebral plasticity. Thus, after 2 unsuccessful antiepileptic medications, surgical intervention is recommended. Pre-surgical localization of the epileptogenic zone increases seizure-freedom post-surgery by 200% to 300%. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is commonly used, with magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), to localize the epileptogenic zone, because it localizes cerebral blood flow. There is limited research in the efficacy of SPECT localization in pediatric pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of SPECT in it’s ability to localize the epileptogenic zone in laser ablation cases of pediatric pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Out of 122 SPECTs conducted at Dell Children’s Medical Center from July 2010 to January 2015, 12 underwent laser ablation. In the 12 cases of laser ablation, SPECT displayed more sensitivity and specificity than EEG and more specificity than MEG when held against the laser ablation outcomes. This study further proves that SPECT is efficacious in epileptogenic zone localization of pediatric pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

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Lee, Jungnam, Youjeong Seo, Van Gia Truong, Hye Jung Jeong, Jung-Hyun Lim, Seonghee Lim, Hyun Wook Kang, and Jin-Seok Park. "Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Interstitial Laser Ablation Using a Cylindrical Laser Diffuser: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study." Biomedicines 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112895.

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Background and Aims: Local ablative treatment is another option for improving outcomes and has been evaluated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. We previously suggested endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interstitial laser ablation using a cylindrical laser diffuser (CILA) might be a feasible therapeutic option based on experiments performed on pancreatic cancer cell lines and porcine model with a short follow-up (3 days). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of EUS-CILA performed using optimal settings in porcine pancreas with a long-term follow-up (2 weeks). Methods: EUS-CILA (laser energy of 450 J; 5 W for 90 s) was applied to normal pancreatic tissue in porcine (n = 5) under EUS guidance. Animals were observed clinically for 2 weeks after EUS-CILA to evaluate complications. Computed tomography and laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate safety. Two weeks after EUS-CILA, all pigs were sacrificed, and histopathological safety and efficacy evaluations were conducted. Results: EUS-CILA was technically successful in all five cases. No major complications occurred during the follow-up period. Body weight of porcine did not change during the study period without any significant change in feed intake. Animals remained in excellent condition throughout the experimental period, and laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) scans provided no evidence of a major complication. Histopathological evaluation showed complete ablation in the ablated area with clear delineation of surrounding normal pancreatic tissue. Mean ablated volume was 55.5 mm2 × 29.0 mm and mean ablated areas in the pancreatic sections of the five pigs were not significantly different (p = 0.368). Conclusions: In conclusion, our experimental study suggests that EUS-CILA is safe and has the potential to be an effective local treatment modality. No major morbidity or mortality occurred during the study period. Further evaluations are warranted before clinical application.

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Lee, Ho, Robert T. Ryan, Jeehyun Kim, Bernard Choi, Navanit V. Arakeri, Joel M. H. Teichman, and A. J. Welch. "Dependence of Calculus Retropulsion Dynamics on Fiber Size and Radiant Exposure During Ho:YAG Lithotripsy." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1786297.

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During pulsed laser lithotripsy, the calculus is subject to a strong recoil momentum which moves the calculus away from laser delivery and prolongs the operation. This study was designed to quantify the recoil momentum during Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy. The correlation among crater shape, debris trajectory, laser-induced bubble and recoil momentum was investigated. Calculus phantoms made from plaster of Paris were ablated with free running Ho:YAG lasers. The dynamics of recoil action of a calculus phantom was monitored by a high-speed video camera and the laser ablation craters were examined with Optical Coherent Tomography (OCT). Higher radiant exposure resulted in larger ablation volume (mass) which increased the recoil momentum. Smaller fibers produced narrow craters with a steep contoured geometry and decreased recoil momentum compared to larger fibers. In the presence of water, recoil motion of the phantom deviated from that of phantom in air. Under certain conditions, we observed the phantom rocking towards the fiber after the laser pulse. The shape of the crater is one of the major contributing factors to the diminished recoil momentum of smaller fibers. The re-entrance flow of water induced by the bubble collapse is considered to be the cause of the rocking of the phantom.

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Smith, Aaron Asael, Rui Li, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. "Laser Ablation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Computed Tomography Environment: A Review." Imaging and Intervention 1, no. 3 (May 10, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iai.2022.21024.

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Дисертації з теми "Laser ablation tomography"

(10725372), Rajan Nitish Jain. "Intrinsic Self-Sensing of Pulsed Laser Ablation in Carbon Nanofiber-Modified Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates." Thesis, 2021.

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Laser-to-composite interactions are becoming increasingly common in diverse applications such as diagnostics, fabrication and machining, and weapons systems. Lasers are capable of not only performing non-contact diagnostics, but also inducing seemingly imperceptible structural damage to materials. In safety-critical venues like aerospace, automotive, and civil infrastructure where composites are playing an increasingly prominent role, it is desirable to have means of sensing laser exposure on a composite material. Self-sensing materials may be a powerful method of addressing this need. Herein, we present an exploratory study on the potential of using changes in electrical measurements as a way of detecting laser exposure to a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified glass fiber/epoxy laminate. CNFs were dispersed in liquid epoxy resin prior to laminate fabrication via hand layup. The dispersed CNFs form a three-dimensional conductive network which allows for electrical measurements to be taken from the traditionally insulating glass fiber/epoxy material system. It is expected that damage to the network will disrupt the electrical pathways, thereby causing the material to exhibit slightly higher resistance. To test laser sensing capabilities, a resistance baseline of the CNF-modified glass fiber/epoxy specimens was first established before laser exposure. These specimens were then exposed to an infra-red laser operating at 1064 nm, 35 kHz, and pulse duration of 8 ns. The specimens were irradiated for a total of 20 seconds (4 exposures each at 5 seconds). The resistances of the specimens were then measured again post-ablation. In this study, it was found that for 1.0 wt.% CNF by weight the average resistance increased by about 18 percent. However, this values varied for specimens with different weight fractions. This established that the laser was indeed causing damage to the specimen sufficient to evoke a change in electrical properties. In order to expand on this result, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was employed for localization of laser exposures of 1, 3, and 5 seconds on a larger specimen, a 3.25” square plate. EIT was used to measure the changes in conductivity after each exposure. EIT was not only successful in detecting damage that was virtually imperceptible to the human-eye, but it also accurately localized the exposure sites. The post-ablation conductivity of the exposure sites decreased in a manner that was comparable to the resistance increase obtained during prior testing. Based on this preliminary study, this research could lead to the development of a real-time exposure detection and tracking system for the measurement, fabrication, and defense industries.

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Van, Gansbeke Bart Jos P. "Analysis of the Barley Cereal Cyst Nematode Resistance Locus Rha2." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120859.

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Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN, Heterodera avenae) are obligate soil-borne pathogens of cereal crops such as barley (Hordeum vulgare) that can reduce plant vigour and crop yield. Juvenile nematodes infect roots, establish feeding sites in root vascular tissue and become sedentary. Female nematodes mature into egg-filled cysts, which remain in the soil. Production of susceptible cultivars allows the numbers of cysts to increase, increasing the risk of damage to future crops. Some barley cultivars are resistant. Their roots can be infected, but few nematodes mature and form cysts. The focus of this thesis is the resistance conferred by the Rha2 locus on chromosome 2H of barley. By undertaking genotyping-by-sequencing of the resistant cultivars Sloop SA and Sloop VIC, their susceptible progenitor Sloop and other material, new DNA sequence polymorphisms were discovered on chromosome 2H. Marker assays were designed for these polymorphisms and assayed on two populations (Clipper/Sahara 3771 and Chebec/Harrrington) in which Rha2 had been previously mapped. An initial candidate region of 5,077 kbp was defined on the barley genome assembly. In order to obtain new recombinants and develop near-isogenic lines, Sloop SA was backcrossed to Sloop. Over 9,000 BC2F2 seeds were genotyped. A detailed genetic map of the candidate region was made by genotyping and phenotyping 64 selected BC2F3 families. The candidate region was narrowed to 978 kbp. That region of the genome assembly has 19 predicted genes. Markers in the region were evaluated on a range of barley germplasm and two markers were found to be diagnostic of CCN resistance. An RNA-seq experiment was conducted with root tissue sampled over a period of 28 days. The samples comprise non-inoculated control plants of the susceptible cultivar Sloop and inoculated plants of Sloop and its resistant derivatives Sloop SA and Sloop VIC. Of the 19 predicted genes in the candidate region, one gene (HORVU2Hr1G097780), which is annotated as encoding a tonoplast intrinsic protein, exhibited differential expression between the inoculated resistant cultivars and the susceptible cultivar. Further research is required for the functional characterisation of this gene. Interaction between cereal cyst nematodes and barley roots was also investigated by using laser ablation tomography to scan infected segments. On average, feeding sites in the roots of susceptible plants were smaller than those in the roots of resistant plants. The feeding sites in the roots of susceptible plants were surrounded by multiple dense layers of small cells. In contrast, the feeding sites in the roots of resistant plants were surrounded by layers of larger cells. This work presents a detailed genetic map of the Rha2 region of chromosome 2H, including two markers that appear to be diagnostic of resistance, the results of a transcriptomic experiment to explore differentially regulated genes, including candidate resistance genes. Laser ablation tomography was conducted on infected root tissue. Feeding site structure differed between a susceptible cultivar and its resistant derivative, including a smaller volume for the latter. The outcomes of this thesis research may lead to identification of the causal Rha2 resistance gene against cereal cyst nematode pathotype Ha13.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2019

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Частини книг з теми "Laser ablation tomography"

W.Y. Chan, Joyce, Rainbow W.H. Lau, and Calvin S.H. Ng. "Image-Guided Ablative Therapies for Lung Tumors." In Lung Cancer - Modern Multidisciplinary Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94216.

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While the gold standard for early stage lung cancers is still surgical resection, many patients have comorbidities or suboptimal lung function making surgery unfavorable. At the same time, more and more small lung nodules are being incidentally discovered on computer tomography (CT), leading to the discovery of pre-malignant or very early stage lung cancers without regional spread, which could probably be eradicated without anatomical surgical resection. Various ablative energies and technologies are available on the market, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and less commonly laser ablation and irreversible electroporation. For each technology, the mechanism of action, advantages, limitations, potential complications and evidence-based outcomes will be reviewed. Traditionally, these ablative therapies were done under CT guidance with percutaneous insertion of ablative probes. Recently, bronchoscopic ablation under ultrasound, CT, or electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy guidance is gaining popularity due to improved navigation precision, reduced pleural-based complications, and providing a true “wound-less” option.

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Ohmi, Masato, and Masamitsu Haru. "Dynamic Analysis of Laser Ablation of Biological Tissue by Optical Coherence Tomography." In Lasers - Applications in Science and Industry. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/25211.

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"Fast spectral optical coherence tomography for monitoring of varnish ablation process." In Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, 39–44. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203882085-8.

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Rycyk, A., J. Marczak, M. Góra, A. Kowalczyk, and P. Targowski. "Fast spectral optical coherence tomography for monitoring of varnish ablation process." In Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks, 23–27. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203882085.ch4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Laser ablation tomography"

Yan, Yan, Mahboobeh Ghalehnovi, Mohammad Mehrmohammadi, Loay S. Kabbani, Nicole A. Kennedy, and Samuel John. "Ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging for enhanced image-guided endovenous laser ablation procedures." In Ultrasonic Imaging and Tomography, edited by Neb Duric and Brett C. Byram. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2296467.

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Lanba, Asheesh, and Benjamin Hall. "Laser Ablation Tomography for 3D Tissue Imaging and Analysis." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12282.

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Abstract Laser ablation tomography (LATscan) can produce 3D tissue models at micron-scale resolution within a few minutes, being amenable to high-throughput applications. The RGB images obtained from LATscan allow for enhanced and accurate feature segmentation and quantification. The technology uses an ultrafast, ultraviolet pulsed laser to continually ablate a sample as it is fed into the laser ablation plane. The ultrafast nature of the laser pushes the process into being athermal, minimizing structural damage to the material being imaged. The surfaces are imaged at the ablation plane. Precise motion control allows for sub-micron separation between consecutive images. The ablation results in color images due to the ultraviolet laser inducing multi-spectral fluorescence. The LATscan system can also be programmed allow for co-registration of cross-sections under different lighting conditions. The images are then stacked, further processed and reconstructed into volume renderings with a voxel size that can go down to 0.2 μm3 for further analysis and virtual dissection. Image processing allows for the 3D visualization and quantification of desired anatomy. LATscan has been successfully applied in the fields of plant science, entomology and materials science. It shows great promise for biomedical imaging and tissue analysis, and this paper presents a few results from the LATscan imaging of murine tissue. Various murine organs have been imaged, including the gut, kidney, and brain (inside the skull). The imaging and analysis combined have the potential to provide pathologists, researchers and diagnosticians with insights and solutions not available to them before.

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Targowski, Piotr, Roman Ostrowski, Jan Marczak, Marcin Sylwestrzak, and Ewa A. Kwiatkowska. "Picosecond laser ablation system with process control by optical coherence tomography." In SPIE Europe Optical Metrology, edited by Luca Pezzati and Renzo Salimbeni. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.827286.

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Hall, Benjamin. "Laser ablation tomography: High resolution imaging, 3D modeling, and quantitative analysis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108376.

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Kazakova, Stefka, Nikolay Stoimenov, and Julia Kamenova. "Compute Tomography of Dental Enamel Treated with Different Power Settings of Laser Ablation." In Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2017.jtu2a.7.

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Chang, Wei, Yingwei Fan, Xinran Zhang, and Hongen Liao. "An Intelligent Theranostics Method Using Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Automatic Laser Ablation for Neurosurgery." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8513016.

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Kamensky, Vladislav A., Felix I. Feldchtein, Kirill I. Pravdenko, Valentin M. Gelikonov, Grigory V. Gelikonov, Alexander M. Sergeev, and Nikita M. Bityurin. "Monitoring and animation of laser ablation process in cataracted eye lens using coherence tomography." In BiOS '97, Part of Photonics West, edited by Valery V. Tuchin, Halina Podbielska, and Ben Ovryn. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.274301.

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Jain, Rajan, Hashim Hassan, Weinong Chen, Tyler N. Tallman, and Nesredin Kedir. "Electrical Self-Sensing of Pulsed Laser Ablation in Nanofiller-Modified Composites." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67779.

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Abstract Laser-to-composite interactions are becoming increasingly common in diverse applications such as diagnostics, fabrication and machining, and weapons systems. Despite a lack of physical contact, lasers can induce seemingly imperceptible structural damage to materials. In safety-critical venues like aerospace, automotive, and civil infrastructure where composites are playing an increasingly prominent role, it is desirable to have means of sensing laser exposure on a composite material. Self-sensing materials may be a powerful method of addressing this need. Herein, we present an initial exploratory study on the potential of using changes in electrical measurements as a way of detecting laser exposure to a carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified glass fiber/epoxy laminate. CNFs were dispersed in liquid epoxy resin prior to laminate fabrication via hand layup. The dispersed CNFs form a three-dimensional conductive network which allows for electrical measurements to be taken from the traditionally insulating glass fiber/epoxy material system. It is expected that damage to the network will disrupt the electrical pathways, thereby causing the material to exhibit slightly higher resistance. To test laser sensing capabilities, a resistance baseline of the CNF-modified glass fiber/epoxy was first established before laser exposure. The specimens were then exposed to an infra-red laser operating at 1064 nm, 35 kHz, and pulse duration of 8.2 ns. The specimens were irradiated for a total of 20 seconds (4 exposures each at 5 seconds). The resistances of the specimens were then measured again post-ablation. It was found that the average resistance increased by about 18 percent. This established that the laser was indeed causing damage to the specimen sufficient to evoke a change in electrical properties. To expand on this result, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was employed for localization of 1, 3, and 5-second laser exposure on a larger specimen. EIT was not only successful in detecting damage that was virtually imperceptible to the human-eye, but it also accurately localized the exposure sites. The post-ablation conductivity of the exposure sites decreased in a manner that was comparable to the resistance increases obtained during prior resistance change testing. Based on this preliminary study, this research could lead to the development of a real-time exposure detection and tracking system for the measurement, fabrication, and defense industries.

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Goldberg, Brian D., Nicusor Iftimia, Guillermo J. Tearney, and Brett E. Bouma. "Real time monitoring of laser ablation for treatment of Barrett’s Esophagus by Optical Coherence Tomography." In Biomedical Topical Meeting. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bio.2004.fd2.

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Ohmi, Masato, Makoto Ohnishi, Daisuke Takada, and Masamitsu Haruna. "Dynamic analysis of laser ablation of biological tissue by real-time imaging of optical coherence tomography." In 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, edited by Julian D. C. Jones. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.834999.

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