Дисертації з теми "Large landscapes"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Large landscapes".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Fittkau, Florian [Verfasser]. "Live Trace Visualization for System and Program Comprehension in Large Software Landscapes / Florian Fittkau." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081077530/34.
Повний текст джерелаFittkau, Florian [Verfasser]. "Live Trace Visualization for System and Program Comprehension in Large Software Landscapes / Florian Fittkau." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1131708024/34.
Повний текст джерелаHurst, Laurie B. "Evidence of Agrarian Urbanism: Land Use Preferences of Residents Living on Small Acreage Farms or Large Lots with Animal Rights in Cache Valley, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1541.
Повний текст джерелаDorresteijn, Ine [Verfasser], and Joern [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Biodiversity conservation in traditional farming landscapes - The future of birds and large carnivores in Transylvania / Ine Dorresteijn. Betreuer: Joern Fischer." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074758404/34.
Повний текст джерелаDorresteijn, Ine Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] [Fischer. "Biodiversity conservation in traditional farming landscapes - The future of birds and large carnivores in Transylvania / Ine Dorresteijn. Betreuer: Joern Fischer." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:luen4-opus-143486.
Повний текст джерелаAlcasena, Urdíroz Fermín J. "Wildfire risk management in southern European landscapes: Towards a long‐term comprehensive strategy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667939.
Повний текст джерелаPocos incendios grandes y destructivos representan la mayoría de los impactos negativos sobre los valores socioeconómicos y naturales en las áreas mediterráneas. Como resultado de la creciente acumulación de biomasa en los paisajes culturales que antes eran de grano fino, estos eventos no característicos que ocurren en condiciones climáticas extremas son resistentes a los esfuerzos de supresión debidos a las brasas de lluvia masiva, las intensidades de fuego abrumadoras y las tasas de propagación muy altas. Además, el aumento de las áreas de interfaz urbano-forestal representa un factor de condicionamiento que exige protección y aumenta sustancialmente la complejidad de la gestión de emergencias. Las políticas de prevención de ignición y extinción de incendios por sí solas resultan ineficaces para mitigar las pérdidas de incendios contemporáneos. En esta Tesis, implementé un marco analítico de múltiples escalas para informar la toma de decisiones de una estrategia de gestión de riesgos de incendios forestales con el objetivo de crear paisajes resistentes a incendios, restaurar el régimen cultural de incendios, apoyar la supresión segura y eficiente de incendios y crear comunidades adaptadas a incendios. Al disolver el riesgo de incendios forestales en los principales factores causales en escalas relacionadas con las capacidades de gestión de los diferentes agentes, desde los propietarios individuales hasta los gobiernos regionales, esta tesis intenta ofrecer una solución integral para lograr esos objetivos centrales a medio plazo en el sur de la Unión Europea regiones. Se implementó un enfoque de modelado de simulación de incendios para obtener los factores causales de riesgo requeridos o las métricas de exposición. La propagación y el comportamiento de los incendios en grandes áreas se modelaron teniendo en cuenta los regímenes de incendios variables en términos de estacionalidad, gran número de incendios y distribución espacial. Las relaciones de susceptibilidad definidas por los expertos o los modelos de mortalidad se utilizaron para evaluar los efectos del fuego como posibles pérdidas económicas a valores en riesgo. Además, utilizamos un análisis de transmisión para delimitar las cuencas comunitarias y evaluar el intercambio de incendios entre los municipios vecinos. La gestión de combustibles es la principal estrategia de mitigación del riesgo de incendios forestales a escala del paisaje, y se utilizaron modelos de optimización espacial para ayudar en el diseño estratégico del tratamiento del paisaje y explorar oportunidades de colocación bajo restricciones presupuestarias. Los resultados se proporcionaron en escalas operativas apropiadas para informar diferentes estrategias de manejo de incendios forestales. Los perfiles de exposición y la evaluación del riesgo a escalas finas para las estructuras de viviendas individuales y los valores forestales de los bosques de madera intentan promover la participación de los propietarios y demandan las buenas prácticas de los administradores forestales con el objetivo de mitigar las pérdidas por incendios encendidos en el mismo sitio (unidades de tratamiento) y las tierras vecinas. Los esfuerzos de gestión dentro de las áreas de planificación articulados como proyectos de planificación colaborativa entre diversos agentes socioeconómicos incluyen tratamientos de combustible de paisaje en lugares estratégicos que reducen la probabilidad general de incendios forestales y la intensidad de incendios, la planificación del paisaje para excluir áreas peligrosas para el desarrollo urbano, la preparación de la comunidad para reducir la vulnerabilidad social y las ordenanzas municipales para reducir la vulnerabilidad de la vivienda. El tratamiento conjunto de la producción representa una oportunidad en los ecosistemas forestales mediterráneos multifuncionales para organizar soluciones complejas. La formulación de políticas a escala regional prioriza a nivel municipal las diferentes estrategias de manejo, como los programas de prevención de ignición, el posicionamiento previo de recursos de supresión, la asignación de subsidios para tratamientos de combustible y la aplicación de la ley para el manejo de combustibles en comunidades de interfaz urbano-forestal en mayor riesgo. Los diferentes documentos se desarrollaron en varias áreas mediterráneas para resaltar la aplicabilidad del marco en otros lugares.
Few large and destructive fires account for most negative impacts on socioeconomic and natural values in Mediterranean areas. As a result of an increasing amount of biomass accumulation on the previously fine-grained cultural landscapes, these uncharacteristic events occurring under extreme weather conditions are resistant to suppression efforts due to massive showering embers, overwhelming fire intensities, and very high spread rates. Moreover, increasing wildland-urban interface areas represent a conditioning factor demanding protection and substantially increasing emergency management complexity. Ignition prevention and fire suppression policies alone result ineffective to mitigate losses from contemporary fires. In this Thesis I implemented a multiple-scale analytical framework to inform the decision-making of a wildfire risk management strategy aiming at creating fire resilient landscapes, restoring the cultural fire regime, supporting safe and efficient fire suppression, and creating fire-adapted communities. By decomposing wildfire risk into the main causative factors at scales related to management capabilities for the different agents, from the individual homeowners to Regional Governments, this dissertation attempts to provide a comprehensive solution to achieve those core goals on the mid-term in southern European Union regions. A fire simulation modeling approach was implemented to obtain the required risk causative factors or exposure metrics. Fire spread and behavior in large areas were modeled accounting for variable fire regimes in terms of seasonality, large fire number, and spatial distribution. Expert-defined susceptibility relations or mortality models were then used to assess fire effects as potential economic losses to values at risk. Moreover, we used a transmission analysis to delineate community firesheds and assess fire exchange among neighboring municipalities. Fuels management is the main wildfire risk mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, and spatial optimization models were used to help in strategic landscape treatment design and explore collocation opportunities under budgetary restrictions. Results were provided at appropriate operational scales to inform different wildfire management strategies. Exposure profiles and risk assessment at fine scales for individual housing structures and timber stand forest values attempt to promote homeowners’ involvement and demand forest managers’ good practices aiming at mitigating losses from fires ignited on the same site (treatment units) and the neighboring lands. Management efforts within Planning Areas articulated as collaborative planning projects among various socioeconomic agents include landscape fuel treatments on strategic locations reducing overall wildfire likelihood and fire intensity, landscape planning to exclude hazardous areas for the urban development, community preparedness reducing social vulnerability, and municipality ordinances to reduce housing vulnerability. Treatment joint-production represents an opportunity in multi-functional Mediterranean forest ecosystems to arrange complex solutions. Regional scale policy-making prioritizes at municipality level the different management strategies such as ignition prevention programs, suppression resource pre-positioning, assignation of subsidies for fuel treatments, and law enforcement for managing fuels in wildland-urban interface communities at highest risk. The different papers were developed in various Mediterranean areas to highlight the applicability of the framework elsewhere.
Van, Vlack Kathleen A., and Richard W. Stoffle. "Tavicha’impimu: To Catch the Sun: Large Scale Solar Energy Development in the Great Basin and the Cultural Implications for Numic-Speaking Peoples." University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301460.
Повний текст джерелаThe United States government is considering areas in the five states for the large-scale solar energy development. These solar energy zones (SEZs) contain important Native American resources ranging from traditional use plants, healing places, and trail networks. During the environmental impact assessment, Numic-speaking peoples shared with University of Arizona ethnographers their thoughts regarding cultural uses of the SEZ and associated resources and potential impacts. This session focuses on unique cultural resources and the cultural implications of solar energy development.
Klemperer, Michael. "Style and social competition between the landed classes, articulated through the large scale ornamental landscapes of the Doncaster District of South Yorkshire, c.1680-1840." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397494.
Повний текст джерелаAyres, Philip. "Continuous riparian vegetation change following a large, infrequent flood along the Sabie River, Kruger National Park / Philip Ayres." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8643.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
Melito, Melina Oliveira. "Effects of forest fragmentation on biomass in tropical forests." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-28032017-144953/.
Повний текст джерелаApesar das florestas tropicais serem a mais importante fonte mundial de carbono da porção terrestre do globo devido ao armazenamento de carbono na biomassa acima do solo, elas são também o alvo primário do desmatamento. A conversão das florestas Tropicais em áreas antropogênicas pode interromper o fluxo biológico e também levar a severas mudanças microclimáticas na borda dos fragmentos. A combinação desses efeitos pode engatilhar profundas mudanças na composição da vegetação através tanto da mortalidade de espécies sensíveis à fragmentação como também pela proliferação de espécies adaptadas distúrbios, com impactos finais nos estoques de carbono. Assim, o maior objetivo desse estudo foi compreender o papel dos distúrbios induzidos pelo homem na modulação da dimensão da perda de biomassa em florestas Tropicais. Nós aplicamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura procurando por evidências empíricas de que o efeito de borda pode levar a perda de biomassa em florestas tropicais (Capítulo 2). Nossos resultados destacam a lacuna de conhecimento entre padrões e processos relacionados à perda de biomassa em florestas Tropicais. Para fortalecer esse conhecimento, nós formulamos um modelo conceitual conectando estrutura da paisagem e atributos na escala do fragmento à severidade do efeito de borda, e assim afetando a biomassa acima do solo. Nosso modelo hipotetiza que a quantidade de hábitat, o isolamento, o tempo desde a formação da borda e o sinergismo entre tamanho do fragmento, distância da borda e tipo de matriz são os principais condutores de perda de biomassa em florestas Tropicais antropogênicas. Utilizando um grande banco de dados (18 503 árvores ≥ 10 cm dap) provenientes de 146 locais distribuídos em quatro regiões de floresta úmida no México e quatro no Brasil, nós então testamos as predições do nosso modelo conceitual. Especificamente, a influência da cobertura florestal, isolamento, distância da borda, tamanho do fragmento e tipo de matriz sobre a biomassa (Capítulo 3). Nós observamos que áreas com muito carbono apresentaram espécies típicas de florestas maduras (tolerantes ao sombreamento, zoocóricas, com sementes grandes) contrastando com áreas com pouco carbono compostas por espécies adaptadas à distúrbio (pioneiras ocupando o sub-bosque). Árvores grandes tolerantes ao sombreamento (≥ 40 cm dap) foram impactadas severamente pela combinação de perda de cobertura florestal e efeitos de borda. Distância da borda, tamanho do fragmento e a extensão da área de matriz aberta influenciaram fortemente as árvores pequenas tolerantes a sombreamento (≤ 20 cm dap). Apesar dos nossos resultados não corroborarem completamente as predições iniciais do nosso modelo conceitual, eles dão suporte à ideia de que a composição da paisagem interage com a estrutura do fragmento com impactos finais nos estoques de biomassa em florestas Neotropicais. Por fim, nós investigamos se o nível de distúrbio da região pode influenciar nas respostas da estrutura da vegetação à perda de cobertura florestal. Biomassa, mas não a densidade de indivíduos, foi afetada pela perda de cobertura florestal em regiões com nível intermediário de distúrbio, i.e. regiões apresentando uma combinação de níveis moderados de desmatamento (20-40% de cobertura florestal remanescente) em que a perturbação ocorreu ao longo dos últimos 30-60 anos, com alto grau de defaunação mas ainda abrigando populações relictuais de grandes mamíferos e, em sua maioria, compostos por uma matriz heterogênea. Em geral, nossos resultados destacaram que tanto a composição da paisagem como a estrutura do fragmento são os principais condutores de perda de biomassa em florestas Neotropicais e que o contexto da paisagem deve ser considerado para se obter estimativas mais confiáveis de emissão de carbono devido à degradação florestal. O planejamento da paisagem (e.g. restauração da cobertura florestal) deve ser incluído em estratégias de conservação em ordem de sustentar o armazenamento de carbono. Além disso, nós defendemos que iniciativas de conservação serão menos custosas e mais efetivas se implementadas em áreas sob níveis intermediários de distúrbio
Mackey, Benjamin Hunter. "The contribution of large, slow-moving landslides to landscape evolution." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10555.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation discusses the contribution of deep-seated landslides and earthflows to the morphology, erosion, and evolution of mountainous landscapes, focusing on the northern California Coast Ranges. In active landscapes, channel incision is necessary to create relief but also increases stresses in adjacent hillslopes, ultimately leading to slope failure. While conceptually simple, the spatial relationships between channel incision and landsliding have not been well quantified. Along the South Fork Eel River, I mapped the distribution of deep-seated landslides using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) derived maps. Landslide density increases in regions subject to late Pleistocene-Holocene channel incision and particularly in response to lateral incision at the apex of meander bends. Wavelet analysis of channel sinuosity reveals hillslopes are most sensitive to meander wavelengths of 1.5 km. Argillaceous lithology generates abundant earthflow activity along the main stem Eel River, yet spatial and temporal patterns of earthflow movement are poorly understood. I undertook a detailed study of the Kekawaka Earthflow using LiDAR, meteoric 10 Be in soil, orthorectified historical aerial photographs, and field surveys. Inventories of 10 Be in soil pits increase systematically downslope, indicate an average movement rate of 2.1 ± 1.3 m/a over the past 150 years, and establish a minimum earthflow age of 1700 years. The Kekawaka earthflow has a systematic history of movement, both spatially, with greatest movement in the narrow transport zone, and temporally, as velocities peaked in the 1960's and have slowed since 1981. I used LiDAR and aerial photographs to map earthflow movement and calculate sediment flux across 226 km 2 of the main stem Eel River. From 1944-2006, 7.3% of the study area was active, and earthflows account for an erosion rate of 0.53 ± 0.04 mm/a, over half the regional average sediment yield. Velocity time series on 17 earthflows suggest temporal earthflow behavior is influenced by decadal-scale changes in precipitation, temperature, and river discharge, although local topographic factors can overwhelm this climatic signal. When active, earthflows erode an order of magnitude faster than surrounding terrain; however, source supply limitations appear to govern long- term earthflow evolution. This dissertation includes previously published coauthored material.
Committee in charge: Joshua Roering, Chairperson, Geological Sciences; Ilya Bindeman, Member, Geological Sciences; Dean Livelybrooks, Member, Physics; Ray Weldon, Member, Geological Sciences; W. Andrew Marcus, Outside Member, Geography
Conneely, Bridget Pauline. "Resource use by reintroduced large African herbivores in an altered landscape." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38863.
Повний текст джерелаItoh, Kazuhito, and Masaki Sasai. "Entropic mechanism of large fluctuation in allosteric transition." National Academy of Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20620.
Повний текст джерелаCassing, Gunilla. "Deciduous tree occurrence and large herbivore browsing in multiscale perspectives." Licentiate thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Biology, Karlstads universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4025.
Повний текст джерелаPenhollow, Mark E. "Large-scale habitat relationships of neotropical migratory birds." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-171849/.
Повний текст джерелаRibes, Lisa J. "A comprehensive bicycle parking plan for the University of Arizona campus: Large scale planning and site-specific design solutions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291411.
Повний текст джерелаSouthwell, Mark, and n/a. "Floodplains as dynamic mosaics : sediment and nutrient patches in a large lowland riverine landscape." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081217.144116.
Повний текст джерелаAdam, Katherine. "The future of farm animal practice in a changing veterinary business landscape." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669189.
Повний текст джерелаKasuga, Lindsay Marie Carroll. "Small and large-scale landscape approaches for conservation of the imperiled Blanding's turtle, Emys blandingii." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаWinkel, Brianna M. "Large carnivore recolonization of Eastern North America: habitat connectivity and human dimensions." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2872.
Повний текст джерелаCapell, René. "Modelling dominant runoff processes using tracers and landscape organisation in larger catchments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186120.
Повний текст джерелаNagyová, Barbora. "Data integration in large enterprises." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203918.
Повний текст джерелаCastel-Branco, Cristina. "O lugar e o significado-os jardins dos Vice-reis." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Instituto Superior de Agronomia -- -Secção Autónoma de Arquitectura Paisagista, 1992. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29783.
Повний текст джерелаNiesterowicz, Jacek. "Unsupervised pattern-based regionalization of large multi-categorical raster maps using machine vision methods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490351367846515.
Повний текст джерелаUvelius, Anton. "Mysteriet i Ullviarrojr : En landskapsanalys kring Ullviarrojr, ett stenröse mellan Tofta och Eskelhem socken." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295810.
Повний текст джерелаDurward, Emma Jayne. "Large-scale controls on the distribution and breeding ecology of the common frog (Rana temporaria) in an upland landscape." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55993/.
Повний текст джерелаGorecki, Vanessa. "The ecology and conservation of the large-footed Myotis (Myotis macropus) in an urban environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207163/1/Vanessa_Gorecki_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFukuda, Yuki. "The effects of closing watering points on populations of large macropods and landscape rehabilitation in a semi-arid national park /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20060511.125915/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаMcTernan, Michael F. "Conservation Potential of a Semi-Forested Agricultural Landscape: Diversity and SpatialDistribution of Birds within a Large-Scale Ugandan Coffee Farm." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1556008272220738.
Повний текст джерелаYao, Xuefei. "High Forest or Wood Pasture: A model of Large Herbivores' impact on European Lowland Vegetation." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57429.
Повний текст джерелаNatural forest dynamics is a foundational topic of forest science. A new Wood Pasture hypothesis considering large herbivore as driving force in forest ecosystem is now challenging the traditional High Forest hypothesis, in which vegetation is regarded as main driving force. In this study, a model-based approach is applied to investigate differences between these two hypotheses and the determine factors in the system. A theoretical landscape of 1 km²formed by 100*100 cells is set up with 100 vegetation patches and free moving herbivores on. Our null hypothesis that herbivores make no difference in vegetation dynamics especially at canopy level is rejected. It is found that synchronization of herbivore behaviors is the most influencing factor of how a landscape might be shaped. It is also found that landscape could be a mosaic of both high forest and wood pasture depends on large herbivore’s herd size.
Souza, Vanderl?ndia Lima de. "Paisagem, amor e morte em O Largo da Palma, de Adonias Filho." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2016. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/483.
Повний текст джерелаMade available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T22:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - P?S DEFESA-1 (1).pdf: 1302499 bytes, checksum: 109cffd864af130826d690003c94b9e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-16
The present work has been developed by the means of readings and analysis of theoretical and literary texts that articulate among each other promoting the discussion of elements like landscape, love and death represented in O Largo da Palma (2013), by Adonias Filho. Initially it will be presented a short summary of the author?s works that focus the tragic in their character?s lives. They are, Mem?rias de L?zaro (1961), Luanda, Beira, Bahia (1979), O Forte (1965) and As velhas (1982). The second part analyzes some thematic assumptions referring to landscape; the space and allegory, verifying how all the narratives develop in the allegoric space that expresses more than a simple metaphor. Next it highlights some reflections about the fusional love, the companionship and the loneliness, specifically in A mo?a dos p?ezinhos de queijo, O largo de branco e A pedra. Posteriorly it presents considerations about death in the narratives Um corpo sem nome, Um av? muito velho e Os enforcados. It will be observing how the characters behave in face of love and death, as well as how the experience of life favors the passage to resumption and maturation in the person?s wandering. It highlights yet the how the literature establishes a dialogue with historic factor and its relation with the fictional memory. The thematic cuttings highlighted were reasoned in the light of authors like Sergio Alves Peixto, Mir?lia Ramos Basto Marcelino, V?nia L?cia Menezes Torga, Maria Fernanda Arcanjo de Almeida e Benedito Jos? de Ara?jo Veiga, Leandro Konder, Andr? Comte-Sponvile, Fl?vio Gikovate, Maria J?lia kov?cs, Joel Candau, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, Juan-David Nasio, among others.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de leituras e an?lises de textos te?ricos e liter?rios que se articulam entre si promovendo a discuss?o de elementos da paisagem, do amor e da morte representados em O Largo da Palma (2013), de Adonias Filho. Inicialmente ser? apresentado um breve recorte de obras do autor que focalizam o tr?gico na vida de suas personagens. A saber, Mem?rias de L?zaro (1961), Luanda, Beira, Bahia (1979), O Forte (1965) e As velhas (1982). A segunda parte analisa alguns pressupostos tem?ticos referentes ? paisagem, espa?o e alegoria, verificando como todas as narrativas se desenvolvem neste espa?o aleg?rico que expressa mais do que uma simples met?fora. Em seguida destacamse algumas reflex?es sobre o amor fusional, o companheirismo e a solid?o especificamente em A mo?a dos p?ezinhos de queijo, O largo de branco e A pedra. Posteriormente apresenta-se considera??es sobre a morte nas narrativas Um corpo sem nome, Um av? muito velho e Os enforcados. Ser? observado como as personagens se comportam diante do amor e da morte, tamb?m como a experi?ncia de vida favorece passagem para recome?o e amadurecimento na caminhada do sujeito. Destaca-se ainda como a literatura estabelece di?logo com fatores hist?ricos e sua rela??o com a mem?ria ficcional. Os recortes tem?ticos destacados foram fundamentados ? luz de autores como Sergio Alves Peixoto, Mir?lia Ramos Basto Marcelino, V?nia L?cia Menezes Torga, Maria Fernanda Arcanjo de Almeida e Benedito Jos? de Ara?jo Veiga, Leandro Konder, Andr? Comte-Sponvile, Fl?vio Gikovate, Maria J?lia kov?cs, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, Juan-David Nasio, dentre outros.
Halloran, Kevin T. "Exploring the Role of Large Clusters of Branched Aliphatic Residues on the Folding Free Energy Landscape of (βα)8 TIM Barrel Proteins". eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/935.
Повний текст джерелаHalloran, Kevin T. "Exploring the Role of Large Clusters of Branched Aliphatic Residues on the Folding Free Energy Landscape of (βα)8 TIM Barrel Proteins". eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/935.
Повний текст джерелаBazelet, Corinna Sarah. "Grasshopper bioindicators of effective large-scale ecological networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6651.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Land use change is leading to rapid biodiversity loss in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Ecological networks (ENs) are systems of remnant natural habitat which remain intact in a transformed matrix, and have been suggested as a means to mitigate the effects of habitat loss and transformation and the resulting loss of biodiversity. Conceptually, ENs are similar to habitat corridors but are larger in scale and more heterogeneous in their design and management. Like corridors, the efficacy of ENs for biodiversity conservation has been called into question and requires empirical investigation. South Africa boasts a unique system of extensive ENs associated with exotic timber plantations, mostly within the highly endangered grassland biome and Indian Ocean Coastal Belt in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. In these regions, grasshoppers respond sensitively to management practices such as grazing, mowing and burning, justifying their a priori selection as an ecological indicator. In this study, I utilize grasshopper assemblages to determine the efficacy of ENs for biodiversity conservation and suggest guidelines for EN optimization. Specifically, I assess grasshopper assemblage sensitivity and robustness to habitat quality within ENs, congruence of grasshoppers with butterflies, and I identify indicator species which can be utilized by managers for EN assessment in future. I also perform a case study of isolated fragment utilization by a highly mobile generalist species, the bird locust, Ornithacris cyanea (Stoll, 1813) (Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae). Grasshopper assemblages were sampled within ENs in two geographic regions (Zululand and the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands) and in two years (2007 and 2008) during the peak season of grasshopper abundance, late summer (February-April). Local-scale environmental variables relating to management practices and landscape-scale environmental variables relating to design of the ENs were quantified. Management practices explained, on average, two-thirds of the variability in grasshopper assemblages that could be explained, while design variables explained one-third. Grass height and the time since the last fire event were most consistently influential, while area, context, isolation, proportion of bare ground and proportion of forbs at a site, proved influential in some analyses but not others. This response was robust over time and among geographic regions. Grasshopper species richness and abundance were highly congruent with that of butterflies and did not differ among isolated fragments, connected corridors and reference sites, although they did differ among geographic regions. Not all grasshopper species responded similarly to ENs. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in species response to environmental variables, with the distribution of highly mobile families varying more among years. Linear, heavily disturbed power line servitudes had higher grasshopper abundance, and generalist species consistent with early successional assemblages. Reference sites had more graminivorous species and those with intermediate mobility. Three species of grasshopper were identified with IndVal and validated on an independently collected dataset as indicators of high habitat quality. A case study of the bird locust showed that populations of this highly mobile species were effectively isolated and undergoing anthrovicariance even at short distances. These results indicated that heterogeneous ENs supported diverse grasshopper assemblages, although movement among isolated fragments may have been limited. A grasshopper bioindication method for South Africa’s ENs is suggested and has great potential for assessment of a crucial and sensitive trophic layer within the ENs. This method should be field-tested and revised over time as grasshopper relative abundances and species compositions may change. Increased heterogeneity, simulation of multiple successional stages, and increased connectivity are expected to positively impact biodiversity, particularly of insect primary herbivores. Globally, ENs, if managed and designed appropriately, have potential to enhance biodiversity, particularly of smaller resident organisms which can utilize the ENs for movement and live within them.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veranderinge in grondgebruik lei tot ‘n vinnige verlies van biodiversiteit in terrestriële ekosysteme wêreldwyd. Ekologiese netwerke (ENs) is sisteme van oorblywende natuurlike habitat wat ongeskonde bly in getransformeerde matrikse, en is voorgestel as ‘n manier om die verlies aan biodiversiteit as gevolg van habitatverlies en transformasie te verminder. Konseptueel, is ENs soortgelyk aan habitat korridors, maar is groter in omvang en meer heterogeen in hulle ontwerp en bestuur. Soos korridors, is die effektiwiteit van ENs om biodiversiteit te bewaar bevraagteken, en vereis dit empiriese ondersoek. Suid-Afrika spog met ‘n unieke stelsel van uitgebreide ENs wat geassossieer is met uitheemse plantasies, meestal in die hoogs bedreigde grasveld bioom en Indiese Oseaan kusstrook in KwaZulu- Natal Provinsie, Suid Afrika. In hierdie streek reageer sprinkane sensitief op bestuurspraktyke soos beweiding, sny en brand. In hierdie studie het ek sprinkaan gemeenskappe gebruik om die effektiwiteit van ENs vir bewaring van biodiversiteit te bepaal en om riglyne te stel vir EN optimering. Spesifiek het ek sprinkaan gemeenskap sensitiwiteit en robustness tot habitat kwaliteit bepaal, oreenstemming tussen sprinkane en skoenlappers getoets, en het ek indikator species geïdentifiseer wat in die toekoms deur bestuurders gebruik kan word vir EN assessering. Ek het ook ‘n gevallestudie gedoen van geïsoleerde fragment benutting deur ‘n hoogs mobiele, algemene spesie, Ornithacris cyanea (Stoll, 1813) (Acrididae: Cyrtacanthacridinae). Sprinkaan gemeenskappe was versamel in twee geografiese gebiede (Zululand en die KwaZulu-Natal Midlands) en in twee jare (2007 en 2008) gedurende die seisoen van hoogste sprinkaan aktiwiteit, laat somer (Februarie – April). Plaaslike-skaal omgewingsveranderlikes met betrekking tot bestuurspraktyke en landskap-skaal omgewingsveranderlikes met betrekking tot die ontwerp van ENs is gekwantifiseer. Bestuurspraktyke verduidelik, gemiddeld, twee derdes van die variasie in die sprinkaan gemeenskappe, terwyl ontwerpveranderlikes een derde verduidelik. Grashoogte en tyd sedert die laaste brand was konsekwent invloedryk, terwyl area, konteks, isolasie, hoeveelheid kaal grond en hoeveelheid kruidagtige plantegroei invloedryk was in sekere analyses, maar in ander nie. Hierdie reaksie was konstant oor tyd en tussen geografiese gebiede. Sprinkaan spesies rykheid en hoeveelheid was hoogs kongruent met die van skoenlappers, en het nie verskil tussen geïsoleerde fragmente, verbinde korridors en verwysingsareas nie, maar hulle het verskil tussen geografiese streke. Nie alle sprinkaan spesies het soortgelyk gereageer tot ENs nie. Daar was ‘n sterk filogenetiese sein in spesies reaksies op die omgewingsveranderlikes, met meer variasie tussen jare in die verspeiding van hoogs mobiele families. Liniêre, hoogs versteurde kraglyn dienspaaie het hoer sprinkaan hoeveelhede gehad en algemene spesies wat geassosieer is met gemeenskappe in vroeë stadiums van suksessie. Verwysingsareas het meer graminivorous spesies gehad en spesies met intermediêre mobiliteit. Drie sprinkaan spesies is geïdentifiseer met IndVal en bevestig met ‘n onafhanklik versamelde dataset as indikators van hoë kwaliteit habitat. ‘n Gevallestudie op O. cyanea het aangedui dat populasies van hierdie hoogs mobiele spesie geïsoleerd is en dat hulle anthrovicariance ondergaan, selfs op kort afstande. Hierdie resultate dui aan dat heterogene ENs diverse sprinkaan gemeenskappe ondersteun, hoewel beweging tussen geïsoleerde fragmente dalk beperk is. Verhoogde heterogeneïteit, simulasie van verskeie suksessiewe fases en meer konnektiwiteit sal moontlik ‘n positiewe invloed op biodiversiteit hê, aangesien sprinkane verteenwoordigend was van insek primêre herbivore. Wêreldwyd, as ENs op ‘n gepaste manier bestuur en ontwerp word, het dit die potensiaal om biodiversiteit te bevorder. Dit is veral belangrik vir kleiner, plaaslike organisms wat ENs kan benut vir beweging en as leefhabitat. ‘n Sprinkaan bioindikasie metode vir Suid-Afrika se ENs is voorgestel en het groot potensiaal vir die assessering van ‘n belangrike en sensitiewe trofiese laag binne die ENs. Hierdie metode moet in die praktyk getoets word en hersien word oor tyd om veranderinge in sprinkaan relatiewe hoeveelhede en spesies komposisies in ag te neem.
Lemsch, Eva. "Freiräume in Thüringer Großsiedlungen. Erfahrungen aus der Wohnumfeldverbesserung 1990-2000." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-164957.
Повний текст джерелаAn enormous change in the appearance of the large suburban housing estates in Thuringia took place between 1990 and 2000. Improvements of the living environment contributed significantly to it. These measurements integrated into the aims of the city- and social planning that had been defined by support programmes. In all residential areas the housing- and living conditions have been improved in comparison to 1990. Extensive upgrading in the living environment generally followed substantial building restorations. The advantages of the traffic concepts and the provisioning infrastructure were conserved and extended. The social segregation transformed clearly slowlier than suspected at the beginning of the 1990ies. Correspondingly, the mixed social structure has been partly conserved. Today, the residents are at least as satisfied with their housing estates as at the beginning of the upgrading procedures. The image of the large suburban housing estates themselves could also be stabilised. Thus, the definded aim in social planning, to enforce the residents’ identification with their housing area, has been reached. These successful aspects are confronted with a row of tasks that have not been realised. So, the structural, functional and constructional uniformity still exists. Despite the new and re- construction of many community centres the intended diversity has not been developed. The insufficient functional and creative differentiation of the space according to the public character enforces this still existent monotony of the areas. The chances of linking the large suburban housing estates better to the whole town and the surroundings / landscape have only rarely been used. Despite all efforts all large suburban housing estates recorded immense losses of residents in the 1990ies. The external image of the “Platte” is still bad. Concerning their extent and their intensity the improvements in the living environments show significant differences in the large suburban housing estates. In all areas there is a coexistence of expensively upgraded parts and of accomodation with only few changes. There was no complete upgrading in any of the areas. Many protagonists contributed to the upgrading measurements, partly with opposed interests – landscape architects are one of these interest groups. Their work considerably defines the appearance of the large suburban housing estates. As a fact, there is only little room for manoeuvre concerning conflict resolution among the involved. In the course of the 1990ies the economic and social conditions changed. Afterwards a paradigm change in the handling of the advancement of the large suburban housing estates and their spaces took place. The expected conditions were formulated into recommended actions to the future development of the residential areas: in accomodation to be permanently preserved, differentiated upgrading should be made as well as the residential market should be stabilised in reconstruction areas while the diversity of flats should be increased through rebuilding at the same time. The open spaces in the accomodation need to be secured, to be linked and to be improved. There is an enormous functional and creative potential with interim spaces. Temporary upgrading for recreation searchers belongs to it, also extensive space developments of different vegetation types to increase the ecological diversity as well as temporary uses in the field of economy
Melo, Laura Ludovico de. "OURO FINO: Um Arraial... uma Igreja... um Largo ... e uma vaga lembrança na paisagem." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2323.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to study the three landscapes in Arraial de Ouro Fino - which originated with the cycle of mining in Goiás, in the middle of the eighteenth century, and collapsed in the final half of the twentieth century - observing the Archaeological Landscape, linking it to how far we have the village: the urban landscape, and rescue the collective memory of people: the Landscape of Memory. These people had a closer and intimate relationship with the village, and kept in their unconscious vivid images of a past that continues to come to the surface and become a rich source of Cultural Heritage. This not only belongs to this group, but to all people, direct or indirectly, that are related to daily - the goiana society. We identified the strong and fixed elements that mark these landscapes and turn a local in a place, which show people the real feeling and topofilia. We also worked around the concepts of landscape, place, topofilia and memory in order to raise subsidies for a new approach on what constitutes the cultural heritage in Ouro Fino.
Esse estudo visa trabalhar as três paisagens existentes no Arraial de Ouro Fino − que se originou com o ciclo da mineração em Goiás, em meados do século XVIII, e ruiu no final da metade do século XX. Observando a Paisagem Arqueológica, relacionando-a com a Paisagem da Memória (a memória coletiva) para então resgatar a Paisagem Urbana (o que já foi do arraial). Trabalhar a memória coletiva das pessoas que mantiveram com o arraial um relacionamento mais estreito e íntimo, e guardaram em seus inconscientes imagens vívidas de um passado que persiste em vir à tona, sempre que evocado, e se transformar em fonte rica de Patrimônio Cultural. Este não pertence somente a este grupo, mas a todas as pessoas que, de forma direta ou indireta, relacionam-se cotidianamente a sociedade goiana. Foram identificados os elementos fixos e fortes que marcam essas paisagens e transformam um local em Lugar, que denotam às pessoas o verdadeiro sentimento e Topofilia. Trabalhou-se também em torno dos conceitos de Paisagem, Lugar, Topofilia e Memória, a fim de angariar subsídios para uma nova abordagem sobre o que se constitui o Patrimônio Cultural de Ouro Fino.
White, Justin Haehlen. "Landscape dynamics from 1990--2010 and the human to apex predator (red-tailed hawk) relationship on La Gonave, Haiti." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52637.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Clough, Yann. "Local and large scale determinants of biodiversity in winter wheat fields." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/clough.
Повний текст джерелаWiltermuth, Mark Thomas. "Influences of Climate Variability and Landscape Modifications on Water Dynamics, Community Structure, and Amphipod Populations in Large Prairie Wetlands: Implications for Waterbird Conservation." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27293.
Повний текст джерелаNorth Dakota Department of Game and Fish
Ducks Unlimited Great Plains Regional Office
Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research of Ducks Unlimited Canada
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Plains and Prairie Pothole Landscape Conservation Cooperative
U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Institute
U.S. Geological Survey Landscape Conservation Cooperative Program
U.S. Geological Survey Youth Initiative Student Career Experience Program
Joseph, Grant Stuart. "Understanding pattern-process relationships in a heterogeneous landscape effects of large termitaria on diversity and disturbance regimes in Miombo woodlands of Northern Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6064.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Spatial heterogeneity has been shown to influence ecosystem processes and important ecosystem properties like resilience and biodiversity, allowing species with specific habitat needs or weaker competitive abilities to persist in disturbed systems that might otherwise have excluded them. Miombo covers 2.7 million km² and is Africa’s largest savanna woodland. Much of this is characterized by Macrotermes termitaria, which can be hotspots of both plant (primary) productivity and animal abundance (secondary and tertiary productivity). To investigate the modulating influence of spatial heterogeneity in the form of large Macrotermes termitaria on woody plant and avian diversity in the face of herbivore impacts and fire (the two disturbances most amenable to management), research progressed in stages.
Narahara, Maiko. "Large-scale East-Asian eQTL Mapping Reveals Novel Candidate Genes for LD Mapping and the Genomic Landscape of Transcriptional Effects of Sequence Variants." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199156.
Повний текст джерелаMüller, Patrick Erich [Verfasser]. "Limiting Properties of a Continuous Local Mean-Field Interacting Spin System : Hydrodynamic Limit, Propagation of Chaos, Energy Landscape and Large Deviations / Patrick Erich Müller." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122193866/34.
Повний текст джерелаQuintas, Maria Alexandra Salgado Ai. "Do Passeio Público à Pena-um percurso do jardim romântico." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29305.
Повний текст джерелаTheiling, Charles H. "Defining ecosystem restoration potential using a multiple reference condition approach: Upper Mississippi River System, USA." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/605.
Повний текст джерелаDos, Santos Abade Leandro Alécio. "Human-carnivore conflict in Tanzania : modelling the spatial distribution of lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), and their attacks upon livestock, in Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:073a48ab-336a-45a1-ac9f-bc6996c1f58b.
Повний текст джерелаMolina, Vacas Guillem. "Respostes de l’ús del territori al paisatge en mamífers de mida gran i mitjana / Responses Of Territory Use To Landscape In Large And Medium-Sized Mammals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/69958.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the present doctoral thesis is to advance in the knowledge of the relationship between the meso-mammals’ landscape use in Mediterranean habitats and the degree of urbanization and urban development. Furthermore the thesis is also focused in the way this variations are associated to variations in animal behaviour, ecology, and then conservation. Considering the human demographic increase in Mediterranean areas, and the consequent road communication network development, the study of these responses would be very useful for future scenarios in most of the Mediterranean protected areas, which would become suburban areas in the near future. The different characteristics of the studied species and their nocturnal and elusive behaviour, requires the combination of different methodologies to achieve experimental data. In order to deal with the initial proposal the study was planned under different levels of analysis and from different perspectives. The first part, composed by the chapters one to three, is about individual spatial organization analyzed from both points of view, the spatial organization itself and also from the view of the habitat selection. From the other hand, the second part, composed by chapters four and five, deals with the controversial characteristics of an antropogenic park: the incidence of traffic road over species survival and habitat connectivity with neighboring protected areas.
Li, Mengyixin [Verfasser], Sören [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schöbel-Rutschmann, and Martin [Gutachter] Prominski. "Large Parks as a Concept for Contemporary Urban Landscape Planning : A Cross-cultural Study on Theories and Practices of Large-scale Parks in North America, Germany, and China / Mengyixin Li ; Gutachter: Martin Prominski, Sören Schöbel-Rutschmann ; Betreuer: Sören Schöbel-Rutschmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139843893/34.
Повний текст джерелаPoette, Christopher. "La fragmentation du paysage : impact sur l'écoulement atmosphérique et la stabilité au vent des peuplements forestiers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0387/document.
Повний текст джерелаAt present only the characteristics of a forest stand and its immediate environment are taken into account in calculating forest wind risk. However, it is known that the wind is strongly affected by the surfaces over which it has previously flowed. Forest edges in particular play an important role in determining the characteristics of the atmospheric flow by generating increased turbulence, triggering the formation of coherent tree scale structures. In a fragmented landscape, consisting of surfaces of different heights and roughness, the multiplicity of edges may have cumulative effects at the regional scale leading to increased forest damage during storms. Flow changes in the atmospheric boundary-layer across surface roughness changes have received extensive study in the past because of their importance in determining velocities, turbulence levels and exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere or ground. There have also been a number of studies across single forest edges both in the field, wind-tunnels and computer models. However, there have been no studies of flow across multiple forest edges or the impact of forest fragmentation on the characteristics of the boundary-layer. The only studies on multiple surface changes have been wind-tunnel examination of the flow though and across multiple wind-breaks. In this thesis we show results from a series of wind tunnel experiments on a range of levels of forest fragmentation. Five gap spacings (L = ~ 5, ~ 10, ~15, ~20, ~30h, where L is the length of the gap and h is the canopy height) were investigated using 3D laser doppler velocimetry in order to assess the effects of fragmented landscapes on mean and turbulent wind characteristics. The fragmentation was two-dimensional with the transition between forest and gaps only being along the wind direction and the forest and gaps were continuous perpendicular to the wind direction. The wind speeds and turbulence characteristics are compared against measurements from a single forest edge in the wind tunnel, which acts as a reference. No enhancement of turbulence formation at a particular level of fragmentation was observed but there was a consistent pattern of wind speed and turbulence back from the first edge of each simulation with the horizontal velocity at tree top increasing and the turbulent kinetic energy decreasing as gap size increased. We also compare mean wind speeds (U and W) and turbulence characteristics (variance in u, v, and w; skewness in U, V, and W; Reynold’s stress, and TKE) at all points in the experimental measurement domain of the wind tunnel with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results, which allows us to confirm the validity of the LES calculations and to conduct a wider range of experiments than was possible in the wind-tunnel. The results demonstrate the importance of the frontal area index or roughness density of elements (in this case trees) in determining the nature of the flow and the effective roughness of the overall surface. They also show that as the gaps between forest blocks increases the flow transitions (at a gap size between 10 to 15 tree heights) from flow comparable to that over a continuous forest to flow across a set of isolated forest blocks
Lourenção, Ana Paula Souza Prado. "Ensejos das remodelações urbanas e o Largo da Batata: o sistema de transportes e a apropriação da paisagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-02032010-094230/.
Повний текст джерелаWhen we refer to the transformations that occur in the urban space of big cities, the ones regarding the transport system are emblematic. With the rise of metropolitan regions - in which concentrated production and population have become a reality - the need for dislocation between house and work has turned into a determinant factor regarding quality of life and environment for great portions of the population. In this dissertation we sought to observe that the parameters which determine social relations are the same that determine the exchange and interaction space in a society; thus, the more equalitarian a society, the broader will be the access to the facilities and services and, therefore, to the infrastructures that allow dislocation to them. By observing the history of São Paulo, we could infer important characteristics from the society in which we live. Based on them, we elaborated a case study in which we evaluated the interventions being carried out in Largo da Batata, a location in the city that currently points out these social aspects.
Prist, Paula Ribeiro. "Análise espacial da distribuição da fauna de vertebrados de médio e grande porte frente a dois padrões de desmatamento típicos da floresta Amazônica, na região de Alta Floresta - MT." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-14122011-093351/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Brazilian Amazon has several types of deforestation patterns, varying from the typical \"fishbone pattern\" common in small properties, to large deforested areas (large-property pattern), resulting in landscapes with different structure, configuration and disturbance levels. Theory suggests that a disproportionate loss of species occurs when total habitat cover decreases to less than 30% of the landscape, and the landscape configuration starts to have a large effect over species. To analyse the effects of the habitat configuration on the persistence and richness of mid-sized and large-bodied vertebrates (mammals and birds), we have sampled 21 landscapes in the southern Amazonia with similar amounts of habitat (~25%) but contrasting configuration. Interviews (n = 150) were used from February to July 2009 to record the occurrence of vertebrates and the disturbance degree in the 21 landscapes, composed of seven control areas (undisturbed areas of continuous forest), seven large-properties and seven fishbone deforestation patterns. Forest-patch metrics were extracted from a 2009 Landsat-TM image and from 14 bi-annual Landsat-TM images to examine the best predictor to species persistence. There was a significant difference in species richness between fishbone, large-property and control areas with an average of 29.28 (SD=4.6), 38.8 (SD=5.2), and 43.5 (SD=2.2), respectively. We also found a higher number of specialist species in control areas (mean ± SD = 13.7 ± 0.95) and large-properties (mean ± SD = 11.71 ± 2.2), when compared with fish-bone pattern (mean ± SD = 5.14 ± 2.6). NMDS results show vertebrate community in control areas are very similar to the ones found in large-property sites, beyond all landscapes (control areas and large properties) are homogeneous among themselves. On the other hand the fish-bone landscapes are very dissimilar from them and heterogeneous among each other, concerning both the large vertebrate community and the specialist species community. The fish-bone pattern also shows a heavy intensity of fire, selective logging and hunting pressure while the large-property pattern shows a light intensity of fire and a heavy hunting pressure whereas the control areas show no sign of disturbance. The number of species and the number of specialist species were negatively affected by the number of fragments and secondarily by the isolation age. Therefore the greater the number of fragments in the landscape unit and the older is the isolation process, the fewer is the species richness as well as the number of specialist species. Our results demonstrated that large-property pattern leads to a landscape structure that is better for biodiversity. This type of landscape can maintain a higher number of species and a more diverse community of large vertebrates, including top predators and large cracids, considered fundamental for the integrity of the ecosystem, being more similar to the control areas. On the other hand, the fish-bone pattern leads to a more fragmented landscape with a poorest vertebrate community and dominated by generalist species.