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Статті в журналах з теми "Lanthanide Fluoride"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Раджабов, Е. А., та В. А. Козловский. "Перенос электрона между разнородными лантаноидами в кристаллах BaF-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- --- II механизмы переноса". Физика твердого тела 61, № 5 (2019): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.05.47587.19f.

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Анотація:

The processes of electron transfer from a divalent lanthanide acceptor (Eu, Sm, Yb) to a trivalent lanthanide donor (Nd, Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) and reverse thermal transfer are studied in barium fluoride crystals. Electron phototransfer at room temperatures is accompanied by a counter-movement of the charge-compensating interstitial fluorine. In the process of photobleaching at low temperatures, the divalent lanthanide donor turns out to be near the interstitial fluorine, which causes its 4f-5d absorption bands to shift to the red. The magnitude of the shift increases with decreasing size of the lanthanide in the series (Nd, Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb). Detailed mechanisms of photo and thermal electron transfer between heterogeneous lanthanides in BaF2 crystals are analyzed.

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2

Grzechnik, Andrzej, and Karen Friese. "Fluorides containing lanthanides and yttrium at extreme conditions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099446.

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We are interested in crystal structures and stabilities of fluoride materials containing lanthanides and yttrium that are related to the CaF2 structure. These compounds are laser hosts and luminescent materials, oxygen sensors as well as components of solar cells. They exhibit various schemes of (dis)ordering of cations and anions in fluorite superstructures and anion-excess fluorites. In the last few years, we have performed a series of studies on the bulk AMF4 and MF3 materials (A = Li, Na, K; M = Y, lanthanide) at different pressure-temperature conditions. Among them, ordered LiYF4 is a commercial host for solid state lasers, while partially ordered NaYF4 doped with lanthanides is the most efficient material for green and blue up-conversion known to date. In the system KF–YF3, we have studied not only KYF4 [1] but also KY3F10, which is an anion-excess 2×2×2 superstructure of fluorite at atmospheric conditions. At high temperatures and high pressures, it converts to another fluorite superstructure with disordered fluorine atoms. The pressure-induced LaF3 post-tysonite structure is another example of the anion-excess fluorite [2]. Our work on the fluorite-related materials at extreme conditions provides information on their structural instabilities that could further be used to better understand and control their materials properties. For instance, we demonstrated that the NaMF4 up-converters are unstable and that the ordering of the cations and vacancies in their structure is a slow process [3]. Consequently, the order–disorder transformations have a profound influence over the luminescent properties of these materials when doped.

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3

Zhang, Pei-Zhi, Rui Liu, Ling-Dong Sun, Hao Dong, Lin-Dong Li, Xiao-Yu Zheng, Ke Wu, and Chun-Hua Yan. "Phase segregation enabled scandium fluoride–lanthanide fluoride Janus nanoparticles." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 8 (2018): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi00328a.

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4

Dong, Cunhai, and Frank C. J. M. van Veggel. "Cation Exchange in Lanthanide Fluoride Nanoparticles." ACS Nano 3, no. 1 (December 12, 2008): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn8004747.

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5

Li, Yajuan, Xudong Yu, and Tao Yu. "Eu3+ based mesoporous hybrid material with tunable multicolor emission modulated by fluoride ion: application for selective sensing toward fluoride ion." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 22 (2017): 5411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01240c.

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6

Blackburn, Octavia A., Jack D. Routledge, Laura B. Jennings, Nicholas H. Rees, Alan M. Kenwright, Paul D. Beer, and Stephen Faulkner. "Substituent effects on fluoride binding by lanthanide complexes of DOTA-tetraamides." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 7 (2016): 3070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04349b.

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7

Ding, Mingye, Daqin Chen, Danyang Ma, Jianbin Dai, Yuting Li, and Zhenguo Ji. "Highly enhanced upconversion luminescence in lanthanide-doped active-core/luminescent-shell/active-shell nanoarchitectures." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 13 (2016): 2432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc00163g.

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Through active-core/luminescent-shell/active-shell engineering in lanthanide-doped fluoride nanocrystals, significant enhancement of UC emission intensity has been successfully realized under the synergistic action of double sensitization and suppression effects.

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8

Blackburn, Octavia A., Alan M. Kenwright, Paul D. Beer, and Stephen Faulkner. "Axial fluoride binding by lanthanide DTMA complexes alters the local crystal field, resulting in dramatic spectroscopic changes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 45 (2015): 19509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02398j.

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Dramatic changes are observed in both the NMR and luminescence spectra of LnDTMA complexes on addition of fluoride, consistent with a change in the nature of the magnetic anisotropy at the paramagnetic lanthanide centre.

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9

Shi, Dongliang, Xiaoping Yang, Zhiyin Xiao, Xiaoming Liu, Hongfen Chen, Yanan Ma, Desmond Schipper, and Richard A. Jones. "A 42-metal Yb(iii) nanowheel with NIR luminescent response to anions." Nanoscale 12, no. 3 (2020): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr09151c.

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10

Han, Qingyan, Zhu Lu, Wei Gao, Wanting Zhou, Jianxia Qi, Aihua Hao, and Jun Dong. "Controlling upconversion luminescence patterns in space with red emission enhancement from a single fluoride microcrystal by tuning the excitation mode." RSC Advances 9, no. 31 (2019): 17537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03182k.

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Анотація:

The UC luminescence patterns can be controlled from the flower-like emission pattern to the red flame-like irradiation pattern with a red luminescence enhancement for a single lanthanide-doped fluoride material by varying the excitation position.

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11

Pang, Xuelei, Li Li, Yi Wei, Xudong Yu, and Yajuan Li. "Novel luminescent lanthanide(iii) hybrid materials: fluorescence sensing of fluoride ions and N,N-dimethylformamide." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 33 (2018): 11530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02404a.

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Highly luminescent lanthanide mesoporous hybrid materials Ln(L-SBA15)₃phen (Ln = Eu, Tb) have been designed and synthesized via co-hydrolysis and co-condensation reactions, which display sensitive sensing toward fluoride ion and DMF.

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12

Quang, V. X., N. N. Dat, V. P. Tuyen, N. M. Khaidukov, V. N. Makhov, L. D. Thanh, N. X. Ca, N. T. Thanh, P. T. T. Nga, and P. V. Do. "VUV spectroscopy of lanthanide doped fluoride crystals K2YF5." Optical Materials 107 (September 2020): 110049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110049.

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13

Li, Xingbo, Shili Gai, Chunxia Li, Dong Wang, Na Niu, Fei He, and Piaoping Yang. "Monodisperse Lanthanide Fluoride Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Luminescent Properties." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 7 (March 12, 2012): 3963–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic200925v.

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14

Rollet, A. L., A. Rakhmatullin, and C. Bessada. "Local Structure Analogy of Lanthanide Fluoride Molten Salts." International Journal of Thermophysics 26, no. 4 (July 2005): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-005-6688-6.

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15

Tripier, Raphaël, Carlos Platas-Iglesias, Anne Boos, Jean-François Morfin, and Loïc Charbonnière. "Towards Fluoride Sensing with Positively Charged Lanthanide Complexes." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2010, no. 18 (January 21, 2010): 2735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200901045.

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16

He, Xianghong, and Bing Yan. "Novel series of quaternary fluoride nanocrystals: room-temperature synthesis and down-shifting/up-converting multicolor fluorescence." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 13 (2014): 2368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tc32170c.

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A straightforward wet-chemical approach to phase-pure M₂NaScF₆ (M = K, Rb, Cs) quaternary fluoride nanocrystals at ambient conditions has been developed. Down-shifting and up-conversion multicolor fluorescence was generated by incorporating photo-active lanthanide dopants into these host lattices at room temperature.

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17

Vetrone, Fiorenzo, and John A. Capobianco. "Lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles: luminescence, upconversion, and biological applications." International Journal of Nanotechnology 5, no. 9/10/11/12 (2008): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2008.019840.

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18

Liu, Tao, Aline Nonat, Maryline Beyler, Martín Regueiro‐Figueroa, Katia Nchimi Nono, Olivier Jeannin, Franck Camerel, et al. "Supramolecular Luminescent Lanthanide Dimers for Fluoride Sequestering and Sensing." Angewandte Chemie 126, no. 28 (June 6, 2014): 7387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201404847.

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19

Liu, Tao, Aline Nonat, Maryline Beyler, Martín Regueiro‐Figueroa, Katia Nchimi Nono, Olivier Jeannin, Franck Camerel, et al. "Supramolecular Luminescent Lanthanide Dimers for Fluoride Sequestering and Sensing." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53, no. 28 (July 7, 2014): 7259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201404847.

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20

Withers, R. L., S. Schmid, and J. G. Thompson. "The lanthanide oxide fluoride and zirconium nitride fluoride solid solutions described as composite modulated structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (August 21, 1993): c338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378090613.

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21

Soares de Souza, S., and A. R. Blak. "Dipole Aggregation Processes in Calcium Fluoride Doped with Lanthanide Ions." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 65, no. 1 (June 1, 1996): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031605.

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22

Lemyre, Jean-Luc, and Anna M. Ritcey. "Synthesis of Lanthanide Fluoride Nanoparticles of Varying Shape and Size." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 11 (May 2005): 3040–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0502065.

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23

Zhou, Zhan, Yuhui Zheng, and Qianming Wang. "Extension of Novel Lanthanide Luminescent Mesoporous Nanostructures to Detect Fluoride." Inorganic Chemistry 53, no. 3 (January 10, 2014): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic402524z.

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24

Li, Suwen, Xuejiao Li, Yi Jiang, Zhiyao Hou, Ziyong Cheng, Pingan Ma, Chunxia Li, and Jun Lin. "Highly luminescent lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles functionalized by aromatic carboxylate acids." RSC Adv. 4, no. 98 (2014): 55100–55107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09266j.

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The photoluminescent spectra of LaF₃:8% Tb³⁺, SA-LaF₃:8% Tb³⁺ and SSA-LaF₃:8% Tb³⁺ nanoparticles, and the photographs in water (SSA-LaF₃:8% Tb³⁺) and as powder (SA-LaF₃:8% Tb³⁺) under 254 nm excitation, respectively.

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25

Santa-Cruz, P., D. Morin, J. Dexpert-Ghys, A. Sadoc, F. Glas, and F. Auzel. "New lanthanide-doped fluoride-based vitreous materials for laser applications." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 190, no. 3 (October 1995): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(95)00273-1.

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26

Stoianova, I. V., V. F. Zinchenko, N. O. Chivireva, P. G. Doga, and G. V. Volchak. "REVEALING AND DETERMINING THE FORMS OF COMPONENTS IN THE PRODUCT OF INTERACTION OF EUROPIUM (III) FLUORIDE WITH MELT OF NaCl-KCl." Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 27, no. 3(83) (January 19, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2022.3(83).268605.

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As part of the study of the solubility of lanthanide fluorides in salt melts, a study of the EuF3-NaCl-KCl system (upper and bottom parts) was carried out. This system is of particular interest due to the fact that Europium has two oxidation states (+2 and +3), and chloride ions are weak reducing agents. The studies were carried out by chemical and nondestructive spectroscopic methods. As for the latter, solid-phase luminescence (SPL), diffusereflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and X‑ray diffraction phase analysis (XRD) were used. The total content of lanthanides in the upper and bottom parts of the samples was determined spectrophotometrically and complexonometrically, respectively, and the content of Eu2+ was determined spectrophotometrically by the weakening of the KMnO4 color using redox reactions between Eu2+–V(V) and V(IV) (the content is equivalent to Eu2+) – KMnO4. The system (upper part) LaF3-NaCl-KCl was also studied (for Lanthanum the only oxidation state is +3) for the comparison. It was shown that during the dissolution of Europium fluoride in the NaCl-KCl melt, a partial reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ occurs. The data of SFL, DRS and chemical analysis showed that Eu2+ is the dominant form of europium in the upper part of the sample, and the content of EuF2 found by the chemical method (2.54% wt.) is close to the sum of the contents of EuF3 and EuF2 found by quantitative XRD (2,5% wt.). At the same time, the data of chemical and X‑ray diffraction phase analysis agree satisfactorily for the LaF3-NaCl-KCl sample. It has been suggested that the EuF3 phase detected by XRD could appear because of the oxidation of europium during the storage of the sample, and, possibly, due to the effect of ionizing radiation on the system at measuring. It has been established by spectroscopic methods that both valence forms of Europium are present in the bottom part of the sample, and the chemical analysis data (namely, the found content of fluoride ions) indicate the presence of other (except of Europium fluorides) fluorine-containing phases in this part. To identify the anionic forms of Eu3+, we used the dependence of the position of the diffuse reflection bands in the DR spectra change of variousinorganic compounds of trivalent europium form the reduced electronic polarizability of the ligand anions. According to the position of the reflection bands in the spectrum of the studied sample, it was found that the dominant form of Eu(III) in the bottom part is EuOCl∙25EuF3. Thus, using a combination of various physical and chemical methods, the presence of different valence and anionic forms of Europium in the EuF3-NaCl-KCl sample was shown and the dominant forms of Eu were established in the upper and bottom parts of the studied system.

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27

Withers, R. L., S. Schmid, and J. G. Thompson. "A composite modulated structure approach to the lanthanide oxide fluoride, uranium nitride fluoride and zirconium nitride fluoride solid-solution fields." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 49, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 941–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876819300549x.

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28

Jobin, Frédéric, Pascal Paradis, Yiğit Ozan Aydin, Tommy Boilard, Vincent Fortin, Jean-Christophe Gauthier, Maxime Lemieux-Tanguay, et al. "Recent developments in lanthanide-doped mid-infrared fluoride fiber lasers [Invited]." Optics Express 30, no. 6 (March 1, 2022): 8615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.450929.

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29

Chen, Guanying, Hailong Qiu, Rongwei Fan, Shuwei Hao, Shuo Tan, Chunhui Yang, and Gang Han. "Lanthanide-doped ultrasmall yttrium fluoride nanoparticles with enhanced multicolor upconversion photoluminescence." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 38 (2012): 20190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm32298f.

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30

Naccache, Rafik, Qing Yu, and John A. Capobianco. "The Fluoride Host: Nucleation, Growth, and Upconversion of Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles." Advanced Optical Materials 3, no. 4 (March 9, 2015): 482–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400628.

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31

Dong, Guoping, Huilin He, Qiwen Pan, Gengxu Chen, Junhua Xie, Zhijun Ma, and Mingying Peng. "Controllable Synthesis and Peculiar Optical Properties of Lanthanide-Doped Fluoride Nanocrystals." ChemPlusChem 79, no. 4 (February 24, 2014): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201300373.

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32

Zhao, Xiang, Gregory K. Koyanagi, and Diethard K. Bohme. "Gas-phase reactions of atomic lanthanide cations with methyl chloride Periodicities in reactivity." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-198.

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Анотація:

Room temperature reactions of lanthanide atomic cations (excluding Pm+) with CH3Cl are surveyed systematically in the gas phase using an inductively coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube (ICP/SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer. Reaction rate coefficients are reported along with product distributions in He at 0.35 Torr (1 Torr = 133.3224 Pa) and 295 K. Cl atom transfer is the predominant reaction channel observed with all 14 lanthanide cations, but minor CH3Cl addition also occurs with the late lanthanide cations Dy+, Ho+, Er+, Tm+, and Yb+. The reaction efficiency for Cl atom transfer is shown to be governed by the energy required to promote an electron to achieve a d1s1 excited electronic configuration in which two non-f electrons are available for bonding: it decreases as the promotion energy increases and the periodic trend in reaction efficiency along the lanthanide series matches the periodic trend in the corresponding electron-promotion energy. This behaviour is consistent with a CCl bond insertion mechanism of the type proposed previously for insertion reactions of Ln+ cations with hydrocarbons and methyl fluoride. Direct Cl atom abstraction by a harpoonlike mechanism was excluded because of an observed noncorrelation of reaction efficiency with IE(Ln+). A remarkable Arrhenius-like correlation is observed for the dependence of reactivity on promotion energy: the early and late lanthanide cations exhibit characteristic temperatures of (1.4 ± 0.2) × 104 and (4.5 ± 0.3) × 103 K, respectively. A rapid second Cl atom transfer occurs with LaCl+, CeCl+, GdCl+, TbCl+, and LuCl+, but there was no evidence for a third chlorine atom abstraction with any of the LnCl2+ cations. Both LnCl+ and LnCl2+ add up to five methyl chloride molecules under the experimental operating conditions of the ICP/SIFT tandem mass spectrometer.Key words: lanthanide cations, Cl atom transfer, electron promotion, methyl chloride.

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33

Kuznetsov, Sergey A., Yuriy V. Stulov, and Marcelle Gaune-Escard. "Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Ytterbium Chloride and Fluoride Complexes in Chloride Melts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552083mtgabs.

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An important problem concerning rare earth metals and molten salts is the reprocessing of nuclear fuel, since lanthanides are always present in spent nuclear fuel. According to the technology being developed for pyroelectrochemical processing of nuclear waste spent fuel is converted into molten salts by anodic dissolution, followed by electrochemical extraction of actinides from lanthanides. Thus a knowledge of the electrochemistry and thermodynamics of lanthanide compounds in molten salt systems is very useful for the understanding the recycling of spent nuclear fuel. The electroreduction of YbCl3 in alkali chloride melts (NaCl-KCl, KCl, CsCl) was studied in the temperature range 973-1173 K by different electrochemical methods. The diffusion coefficients (D) for Yb(III) and Yb(II) were determined by linear sweep voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry methods. Decreasing values of D were obtained when the cation in the second coordination sphere changed from Na to Cs. It was shown that such changes are due to the decreasing of counter polarizing effect of cations with increasing cationic radius. The standard rate constants of charge transfer (k s) for the Yb(III)/Yb(II) redox couple were calculated on the basis of cyclic voltammetry data using Nicholson’s approach. The following row of the standard rate constants of charge transfer has been experimentally determined: k s (KCl) < k s (CsCl) < k s (NaCl-KCl). The formal redox potentials E* Yb(III)/Yb(II were obtained in alkali chlorides melts from the linear sweep voltammetry data. From the values of the formal redox potentials were calculated the Gibbs energies and equilibrium constants for the reaction: YbCl2(sol.) +1/2 Cl2(g.) « YbCl3(sol.) (1) It was determined the increasing of the formal entropy for the reaction (1) in transition from NaCl-KCl to CsCl melt that associated with a greater degree of ordering of the reaction products due to the complex formation. Influence of fluoride ions (NaF) on the electrochemical behavior of the Yb(III)/Yb(II) redox couple in an equimolar NaCl-KCl melt was studied. It was determined а decrease of diffusion coefficients and standard rate constants, as well as a shift of the formal redox potentials to the negative region.

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34

González-Mancebo, Daniel, Ana Isabel Becerro, Ariadna Corral, Marcin Balcerzyk, and Manuel Ocaña. "Luminescence and X-ray Absorption Properties of Uniform Eu3+:(H3O)Lu3F10 Nanoprobes." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081153.

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Due to the high atomic number of lutetium and the low phonon energy of the fluoride matrix, Lu-based fluoride nanoparticles doped with active lanthanide ions are potential candidates as bioprobes in both X-ray computed tomography and luminescent imaging. This paper shows a method for the fabrication of uniform, water-dispersible Eu3+:(H3O)Lu3F10 nanoparticles doped with different Eu contents. Their luminescent properties were studied by means of excitation and emission spectra as well as decay curves. The X-ray attenuation capacity of the phosphor showing the highest emission intensity was subsequently analyzed and compared with a commercial contrast agent. The results indicated that the 10% Eu3+-doped (H3O)Lu3F10 nanoparticles fabricated with the proposed polyol-based method are good candidates to be used as dual probes for luminescent imaging and X-ray computed tomography.

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35

Fu, Huhui, Pengfei Peng, Renfu Li, Caiping Liu, Yongsheng Liu, Feilong Jiang, Maochun Hong, and Xueyuan Chen. "A general strategy for tailoring upconversion luminescence in lanthanide-doped inorganic nanocrystals through local structure engineering." Nanoscale 10, no. 19 (2018): 9353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01519h.

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We report a series of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped alkaline zirconium fluoride nanocrystals to thoroughly understand the origin underlying the local-structure-dependent upconversion luminescence.

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36

Pi, Teresa, Jesús Solé, Ofelia Morton-Bermea, Yuri Taran, and Elizabeth Hernández-Álvarez. "Geoquímica de lantánidos de los yacimientos de fluorita de los distritos mineros de Taxco y Zacualpan, sur de México: implicaciones sobre el origen y la evolución de los fluidos." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 34, no. 3 (November 29, 2017): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2017.3.455.

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We present and evaluate lanthanide contents measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in fluorite samples from the fluorite deposits in Zacualpan and Taxco mining districts in the south of Mexico. The information is used to distinguish different generations of fluorite, to establish a correlation between mineralization episodes and the wall rock nature, and to identify postdepositional processes.The total lanthanide content of the fluorites are variable, and early- stage fluorite samples are usually enriched in LREE. The concentration of REE in fluorite is low in comparison with the volcanic and metamorphic rocks (∑REE > 100 ppm) and is generally high respect the carbonates (∑REE < 30 ppm). There is host rock influence. The higher REE concentra- tions are in fluorites hosted by volcanic rocks. The fluorite that replaced carbonate is characterized by low REE to very low concentrations. Fluorite samples associated with sulfurs are typically enriched in HREE. Nearly all fluorites show a negative Eu anomaly similar to the REE anomaly observed in the volcanic rock. Only some early stage dark, uranium rich fluorites, from la Azul deposit, have a strong positive Eu anomaly. Direct correlation between color and REE patterns is observed in some samples.In the Zacualpan mining district, only an episode of mineralization has been discriminated, where fluorite presents flat to HREE- enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns.In the Taxco mining district and particularly in the “Mina la Azul”, multiple hydrothermal events of mineralization have been determined. The first generation of fluorite is formed by replacement of carbonates and is characterized by very low contents of lanthanides, chondrite- normalized REE patterns similar to the limestone, high strontium content and primary textures (e.g. massive fluorite and rhythmites). The second generation of fluorite is related to the entry of new fluid to the system and has higher REE concentrations, chondrite-normalized REE patterns similar to volcanic rocks, low strontium content and secondary textures (i.e. breccias, nodules). Most of the samples show a genetic relationship between fluorite and fluids of magmatic origin.

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37

Gao, Dangli, Hairong Zheng, Xiangyu Zhang, Wei Gao, Yu Tian, Jiao Li, and Min Cui. "Luminescence enhancement and quenching by codopant ions in lanthanide doped fluoride nanocrystals." Nanotechnology 22, no. 17 (March 16, 2011): 175702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/17/175702.

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38

Tolpygin, I. E., K. S. Tikhomirova, Yu V. Revinskii, Zh V. Bren, A. D. Dubonosov та V. A. Bren. "о-Nitroarylidene imines, bifunctional fluorescent chemosensors for lanthanide cations and fluoride anions". Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, № 11 (листопад 2017): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428017110057.

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39

Nuñez, Nuria O., and Manuel Ocaña. "An ionic liquid based synthesis method for uniform luminescent lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles." Nanotechnology 18, no. 45 (October 10, 2007): 455606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/45/455606.

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40

Lei, Pengpeng, Ran An, Chengyu Li, Jing Feng, and Hongjie Zhang. "Lanthanide-doped bismuth-based fluoride nanoparticles: controlled synthesis and ratiometric temperature sensing." CrystEngComm 22, no. 20 (2020): 3432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00435a.

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41

Shimada, T. "State of activated complex of dissolved lanthanide metals into molten lithium fluoride." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 245, no. 1-2 (November 1996): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(96)02495-4.

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42

Koyanagi, Gregory K., Xiang Zhao, Voislav Blagojevic, Michael J. Y. Jarvis, and Diethard K. Bohme. "Gas-phase reactions of atomic lanthanide cations with methyl fluoride: periodicities reactivity." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 241, no. 2-3 (March 2005): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.11.017.

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43

Becker, Peter, and B. A. Bilal. "Lanthanide-fluoride ion association in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 25�C." Journal of Solution Chemistry 14, no. 6 (June 1985): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00643944.

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44

Shao, Wei, Guanying Chen, Tymish Y. Ohulchanskyy, Andrey Kuzmin, Jossana Damasco, Hailong Qiu, Chunhui Yang, Hans Ågren, and Paras N. Prasad. "Lanthanide-Doped Fluoride Core/Multishell Nanoparticles for Broadband Upconversion of Infrared Light." Advanced Optical Materials 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201400404.

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45

Min, Yu, Xin Ding, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen, and Hailin Cong. "Design of sodium lanthanide fluoride nanocrystals for NIR imaging and targeted therapy." Materials Today Chemistry 27 (January 2023): 101335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101335.

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46

Veksler, Ilya V., Alexander M. Dorfman, Maya Kamenetsky, Peter Dulski, and Donald B. Dingwell. "Partitioning of lanthanides and Y between immiscible silicate and fluoride melts, fluorite and cryolite and the origin of the lanthanide tetrad effect in igneous rocks." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69, no. 11 (June 2005): 2847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.007.

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47

Zhou, Qi, Fen Yang, Dan Liu, Yu Peng, Guanghua Li, Zhan Shi, and Shouhua Feng. "Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Three Fluoride-Bridged Lanthanide Compounds: Effect of Bridging Fluoride Ions on Magnetic Behaviors." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 14 (July 2, 2012): 7529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic300125y.

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48

Ponomarenko, O., O. Zaiats, A. Samchuk, I. Shvaika, and L. Proskurka. "Distribution of rare earth elements in Ruska Poliana granites and accessory fluorites." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2019.4.3-8.

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Fluorite is one of the main concentrators of rare earth elements (REE) in the granites of the Ruska Polіana massif of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod pluton of the Ukrainian Shield. Despite its distribution in the granites of the massif, the geochemical features of the fluorites have not yet been investigated. The aim of this work was to determine the content of REE in the fluorites, the granites and to study the distribution of REE in the fluorites and granites containing this mineral. The content of REE in 4 samples of the granites and 4 monofraction the fluorites from these granites (well № 8568) was determined by the ICP MS method on the Element-2 device at M. P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). The well № 8568 was drilled in the southeastern part of the Ruska Polіana granite massif of the Korsun-Novomyrhorod pluton of the Ukrainian Shield (Ruska Polіana Village). In this part, the researchers revealed granites with rare metal mineralization. The investigated granites of well are represented by 3 types: the gray-pink fine-medium-grained granites (type I) (156,1–158,0 m), the gray-pink porphyriform granites (type II) (174,6–176,5 m), the gray medium-coarse-grained granites (type III) (225,0–227,0 m) and the pink-gray medium- coarse granites (type III) (239,6–242,0 m). According to the results of the ICP MS analysis, the highest content of lanthanides (26933 ppm) and yttrium (11 705 ppm) was observed in fluorites from the gray-pink fine-medium granites of the upper part of the well. But the gray-pink fine-medium granites have the lowest total lanthanide content (218 ppm). The lowest levels of lanthanides (692 ppm) and yttrium (831 ppm) were determined in the fluorites of the pink-gray medium-coarse grained granites of the deepest part of the well. The pink-gray medium-coarse granites are characterized by high lanthanide content (797 ppm). The fluorites from Ruska Poliana of the gray-pink fine-medium grained granites can be compared with the fluorite from Perga granite by the total content of lanthanides. Among the rock-bearing minerals in biotites from the Ruska Poliana granites of different depths of the well, there is a high content of REE, almost at the level of the granites themselves. Such a high level indicates the presence of inclusions of accessory minerals enriched with REE in the biotites, especially fluorites.

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49

Sujecki, Slawomir, Lukasz Sojka, Angela Seddon, Trevor Benson, Emma Barney, Mario Falconi, Francesco Prudenzano, et al. "Comparative Modeling of Infrared Fiber Lasers." Photonics 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics5040048.

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The modeling and design of fiber lasers facilitate the process of their practical realization. Of particular interest during the last few years is the development of lanthanide ion-doped fiber lasers that operate at wavelengths exceeding 2000 nm. There are two main host glass materials considered for this purpose, namely fluoride and chalcogenide glasses. Therefore, this study concerned comparative modeling of fiber lasers operating within the infrared wavelength region beyond 2000 nm. In particular, the convergence properties of selected algorithms, implemented within various software environments, were studied with a specific focus on the central processing unit (CPU) time and calculation residual. Two representative fiber laser cavities were considered: One was based on a chalcogenide–selenide glass step-index fiber doped with trivalent dysprosium ions, whereas the other was a fluoride step-index fiber doped with trivalent erbium ions. The practical calculation accuracy was also assessed by comparing directly the results obtained from the different models.

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50

Varlan, Maria, Barry A. Blight, and Suning Wang. "Selective activation of lanthanide luminescence with triarylboron-functionalized ligands and visual fluoride indicators." Chemical Communications 48, no. 99 (2012): 12059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36172h.

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