Дисертації з теми "Langue unique"
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Docile, Pacifique. "Développement de l’expression orale en français dans un contexte de français langue d’enseignement en concurrence avec une langue vernaculaire quasi unique :le cas du Burundi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/303432/5/Contrat.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Popova, Yulia. "Du dis-corps de la langue vers une origine à-rimer : étude psychanalytique de la recherche d’une solution chez le poète Vélimir Khlebnikov : de la versification au chiffrage du monde." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070137.
Повний текст джерелаVélimir Khlebnikov (1885 - 1922) – a Russian poet, one of the key figures of Russian futurism. This dissertation follows the traces of Khlebnikov’s work through his different modes of writing, looking first at his poetic practice, then his creation and theorisation of a unique language, one that he hoped would be able to exhaust the Real in its totality, and finally his numerical research, in order to identify both the specificity of his attempts to deal with the jouissance proper to each of these processes and the unary logic characteristic of his remarkable body of work, a logic which attests to a vital need. The radical nature of Khlebnikov’s experiment also leads us to question, in light of this approach and its inventiveness, the subject’s relation to the signifier. Finally, his work gives us the opportunity to think about a singular modality of linking and unlinking a work, a name and a body, opening up a field of reflection concerning structural shifts
Matushansky, Ora. "Le sujet nul à travers les langues : pour une catégorie vide unique." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081600.
Повний текст джерелаJacquin-Rissi, Marianne. "La construction du sens d'un texte par des lecteurs d'une langue étrangère : de l'enseignement à l'utilisation de stratégies de lecture dans un contexte didactique d'allemand L2 /." kostenfrei, 2008. http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:637.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Bao Quoc. "L'apprentissage du français hors système scolaire au Vietnam : entre langue-culture et langue-instrument." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1724.
Повний текст джерелаLearning French for Vietnamese has a linguistic dimension but it is also in the goal of the access to employment strategies. The demand for post-school learning languages is mainly oriented towards English. However there is also a demand for French and it has a history. This demand of post -school training could be found in two kinds of organizations: language centers and cultural centers. These two structures are in competition for learning French. Paradoxically, cultural centers offering teaching with native speakers, documentary resources, etc. Are less frequented than the language centers. Centers of foreign language opened in the evening and French cultural centers, contribute to the spread of the French language in Vietnam. However, the organization and pedagogical process of teaching French in these centers are different. Centers of foreign language in evening focus only on linguistic elements: grammar, vocabulary, language structure which are in the conception of teaching program. For their part, the cultural centers offer to learners linguistic elements, but also cultural knowledge related to French language. Our research is an attempt to understand the types of motivation for learning French and the representations of the activity learning, among Vietnamese learners. We assume that the representations of learning instrumental referred explain the differences in demands that opposite the two types of center. In this context, we question the conditions of the possibility of educational innovations in the field of language teaching
Zoulikha, Bouhadiba. "L'enseignement du français dans les écoles uniques anglaises : organisation et problèmes." Lille 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL30011.
Повний текст джерела香里, 藤井, and Kaori Fujii. "Time-resolved spectroscopic study on fundamental chemical reactions in a unique class of solvents." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13158494/?lang=0, 2021. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13158494/?lang=0.
Повний текст джерелаIn solution, solvent molecules involve chemical reaction of solute molecules and could alter both reaction yield and kinetics. In this thesis, the author focused on fundamental chemical reactions (intermolecular proton transfer and photodissociate reaction) in a unique class of solvents, supercritical fluids and ionic liquids. By measuring time-resolved fluorescence spectrum and transient absorption spectrum of solutes, the author discusses how the reaction yield and kinetics are described by solvent physicochemical properties.
博士(理学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University
Lemée, Rémy. "L’esthétique dans la philosophie des jeux de langage de Wittgenstein." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040024.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to think about the possibility to apply the conception of language developed by Wittgenstein in the philosophy from language games to esthetic language. The interest for the late philosophy of the philosopher could not ended without a confrontation in the philosophy of the Tractatus. The author himself considers the possibility to understand the second part of his philosophy only at the light of the initial. In fact, the Tractatus establishes a conception of an unique language, in which the latter has the role to represent the real, and in sharing the structure. Consequently, all the normal jugements including esthetic jugements will be ejected from the scope of sense in the one of the unutterable and the mystic insofar all true proposition is sensible by opposition to the pseudo-proposals must imperatively bear on objects.The restriction of the sense and dicible is leading him to a difficulty, Wittgenstein establishes another conception of language, rather complementary from the first one, and this gradually from the thirties in which the language becomes tributor from several parameters extra linguistic in relation with context, culture and shape of life and this is precisely the concept of language games which will show the working of the meaning as use.From a few examples of paintings, we shall demonstrate how the painting its comprehension and its interpretation are submitted to this conception of language but also to the sense of the philosophy post-Tractatus
Hemminga, Piet. "Het beleid inzake unieke regionale talen : een onderzoek naar het beleid en de beleidsvorming met betrekking tot een drietal unieke regionale talen : het Fries in Nederland en het Noordfries en Sorbisch in Duitsland /." Ljouwert/Leeuwarden : Amsterdam : Fryske Akademy ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/82267.
Повний текст джерелаDURIEU, COUADE ISABELLE. "De la motricite linguale dans les lesions vasculaires uniques du faisceau genicule : considerations sur l'innervation corticohypoglosse." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M222.
Повний текст джерелаKent, David Bradley. "Development of a unique instructional paradigm for teaching English as a foreign language in Korea: an examination of its effectiveness." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1638.
Повний текст джерелаKent, David Bradley. "Development of a unique instructional paradigm for teaching English as a foreign language in Korea: an examination of its effectiveness." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Education, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17665.
Повний текст джерелаThe findings of this study are significant at the administrative, practitioner, and field level. Research outcomes indicate (a) computer use did not bias results obtained through CALL: (b) use of the L1 (first language) to assist foreign language acquisition produced positive learning gains, albeit marginal and limited, as evidenced by the persistent difficulty learners had in building new form-meaning connections between pseudo-loanwords in South Korean and English-equivalents; and, (c) multimedia-based learning developed on cultural and classroom expectations of learners, as found in the literature, was not as successful as that it was contrasted against. Consequently, results of the research come to support usability of CALL in the tertiary education sector, the existence of a ‘stabilized interlanguage’ on the South Korean peninsula and the need to re-profile the South Korean cultural learning style and student classroom expectations that pertain to EFL.
Rocque, Ryan K. "The Unique Skills and Traits of One-Way and Two-Way Dual Immersion Principals." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4372.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Qiong. "Does Infants' Socially-guided Attention Uniquely Predict Language Development?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54571.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
久実子, 緒方, and Kumiko Ogata. "Characterization of unique subregions of the caudal lateral striatum : in their conserved expression patterns of dopamine receptors D1 and D2 in rodents and primates." Thesis, 櫻井 芳雄, 2021. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13158511/?lang=0.
Повний текст джерела博士(理学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University
Lance, Yoko. "Unique variety of Japanese language developed through language contact on the Gold Coast, Australia in first-generation Japanese communities." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/416045.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
Aleksandar, Tomašević. "Mrežno-prostorna dekompozicija kolebljivostiglasačkog tela: odabrane nove članiceEvropske unije versus Srbija." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=108222&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаIstraživanje koje je predstavljeno u ovoj doktorskoj
disertaciji usmereno je na problem merenja kolebljivosti
biračkog tela i njenih prostornih aspekata u
postkomunističkim društvima. Komparativni okvir
istraživanje čine Republika Srbija i pet mladih članica
Evropske unije (Mađarska, Slovenija, Rumunija, Bugarska
i Hrvatska). U političkim naukama i sociologiji politike,
najuticajnije istraživačko polje koje razmatra prostorne
aspekte partijskih sistema jeste teorija partijske
nacionalizacije koja ovaj proces definiše kao
homogenizaciju biračkog ponašanja na čitavoj teritoriji
nacionalne države. Kako je izborna kolebljivost jedan od
fundamentalnih mera biračkog ponašanja, iznenađuje
činjenica da u dosadašnjim istraživanjima procesi
nacionalizacije i promene izborne kolebljivosti nisu
dovođeni u eksplicitnu vezu. Ideja ove disertacije je da
premosti istraživački "vakuum" koji postoji između ova
dva polja. Preciznije, formulišemo tri istraživačka cilja
koja će biti ostvarena u ovoj disertaciji.
Prvi cilj odnosi se na rešavanje problema merenja izborne
kolebljivosti na nacionalnom nivou u postkomunističkim
društvima, što podrazumeva i rešavanje problema
diferencijacije između unutarsistemske i vansistemske
kolebljivosti koji predstavljaju dva fundamentalno
različita aspekta ponašanja biračkog tela. Metodološka
rešenja predstavljena u ovoj disertaciji osiguravaju internu
konzistentnost merenja unutar definisanog uzorka, što
dovodi do plauzibilnijih komparativnih zaključaka o
trendovima promene nivoa kolebljivosti. Na osnovu
postignutih rezultata, odnosno realizacije ovog
istraživačkog cilja, klasifikujemo države u dva tipa: (1)
sistemi tipa I za koje je karakterističan umeren nivo
kolebljivosti i unutarsistemska kolebljivost kao
342.892.2 : 581.15 308(4) : 308(497.11)
dominantna komponenta (Mađarska, Rumunija, Hrvatska,
Srbija); (2) sistemi tipa II za koje je karakterističan visok
nivo kolebljivosti i vansistemska kolebljivost kao
dominantna komponenta (Slovenija, Bugarska).
Drugi cilj ove disertacije jeste mrežno-prostorna
dekompozicija izborne kolebljivosti na NUTS3
prostornom nivou. U istraživanju smo koristili dva
različita metodološka pristupa ovoj vrsti dekompozicije:
(1) prostornu stastiku, odnosno metod prostornih
autokorelacija, (2) i mrežnu analizu, odnosno metod
korelacionih mreža. Putem prostorne autokorelacije oktrili
smo fokalne prostorne konfiguracije, odnosno klastere
teritorija koje su međusobno u korelaciji, dok nam metod
korelacionih mreža omogućava da utvrdimo u kom
stepenu su lokalizovane interakcije (odnosno korelacije)
između teritorija češće u odnosu na sve ostale korelacije
unutar sistema. Mrežno-prostorna dekompozicija otkriva
prostorne konfiguracije unutar nacionalnih država koje su
interno homogene i heterogene u odnosu na ostatak države.
Samim tim, one predstavljaju distinktivne političke
prostore, unutar kojih postoji lokalizovana reakcija
biračkog tela na partijski sistem. Prateći teoriju
nacionalizacije, izostanak većeg broja ovih klastera u
nekom sistemu tumačimo kao indikator procesa
nacionalizacije, dok u suprotnom slučaju kosntatujemo da
postoji lokalizacija politike.
Treći cilj ove disertacije odnosi se na kvantifikaciju
rezultata dobijenih mrežno-prostornom dekompozicijom
izborne kolebljivosti. Preciznije, cilj je transformisati
dobijenu teritorijalnu diviziju na klastere susedstva u
numeričku meru koja se može koristiti kao indikator
nacionalizacije i lokalizacije političkih sistema. Rezultat
realizacije ovog cilja jeste nova mera predstavljena u ovoj
disertciji, koju nazivamo indeksom lokalizacije izborne
kolebljivosti (za obe komponente kolebljivosti). Na
osnovu rezultata našeg istraživanja utvrdili smo da ova
nova mera korespondira sa konvencionalnim merama
nacionalizacije, ali pri tome ima nekoliko prednosti u
odnosu na njih od kojih je jedna posledica toga što je
indeks izveden iz prostorne distribucije izborne
kolebljivosti, kao agregentne, fundamentalne mere
biračkog ponašanja. Rezultati komparacije indeksa
lokalizacije izborne kolebljivosti pokazuju i da unutar
ranije defnisane tipologije sistema postoji pravilna
diferencijacija u nivou lokalizacije sistema, te su sistemi
tipa I umereno i visoko lokalizovani, dok su sistemi tipa II
visoko nacionalizovani. na ovaj način, utvrđujemo da
postoji zavisnost nivoa kolebljivosti od stepena
nacionalizacije sistema, što je i najvažniji saznajni
doprinos ove disertacije.
U zaključnom poglavlju se osvrećemo i na položaj
Republike Srbije i njenog političkog sistema u odnosu na
ostale zemlje uzorka. Na osnovu izmerenih nivoa izborne
kolebljivosti i stepena nacionalizacije sistema dajemo
detaljan opis evolucije partijskog sistema Srbije u XXI
veku, komentarišemo njegove sličnosti sa analiziranim
mladim članicama EU (pre svega sa Mađarskom) i
formulišemo hipoteze o pravcima njegovog razvoja u
budućnosti, kao i smernice za dalje integrisane studije
izborne kolebljivosti i političke nacionalizacije.
Radmila, Radonjić. "Engleski modali u pravnim dokumentima Evropske unije i njihovi srpski ekvivalenti." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107081&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаOva disertacija predstavlja ispitivanje modalnih glagola i kategorije modalnosti u okviru pravnog funkcionalnog stila i teorije prevođenja. Naime, engleski modali proučavaju se na korpusu pravnih dokumenata Evropske unije sa akcentom na prevodne ekvivalente u srpskom jeziku. Modali se proučavaju prvenstveno kao eksponentni deontičke modalnosti u okviru koje se pripisuju značenja obaveze, naredbe, zabrane, dozvole, zahtjeva i slično, što je u skladu sa semantikom pravnog diksursa koji je podložan modalizaciji.
Modali se proučavaju na korpusu dokumenata Evropske unije, s jedne strane zbog činjenice da su pravne zakonitosti institucionalizovane u okviru Evropske unije nešto drugačije normirane od uobičajenog pravnog registra anglosaksonskog pravnog sistema, a s druge strane zbog aktuelne situacije u pogledu evrointegracija i potrebe usklađivanja domaćeg zakonodavstva sa zakonodavstvom Evropske unije, a samim tim i prevođenja velikog broja dokumenata sa engleskog na srpski jezik i obrnuto. Interesovanje za proučavanje modalnih glagola u okviru pravnog funkcionalnog stila javilo se zbog kompleksnosti upotrebe modalnih glagola u savremenom engleskom jeziku, ali i zbog niza pravila koja ih prate u okviru jezičke politike Evropske unije i niza problema sa kojima se prevodioci suočavaju prilikom prevođenja pravnih dokumenata. Pravni tekstovi podliježu značajnim ograničenjima zbog specifične terminologije i odgovarajućih sintaksičkih struktura, a budući da prevodioci najčešće nijesu pravnici neophodno je istaći sve specifičnosti prevođenja pravnih propisa sa akcentom na modalnim glagolima.
Modalnost je semantičko-gramatička kategorija koja se izražava na različite načine u različitim jezicima, a budući da je riječ o kontrastivnom istraživanju, cilj rada je i da se kontrastivnom metodom utvrdi šta engleski i srpski jezik imaju zajedničko kod upotrebe modalnih glagola u pravnom registru, kao i koje se razlike javljaju među njima. To znači da primarni cilj istraživanja predstavlja popisivanje svih modalnih glagola u korpusu, potom njihovu analizu sa aspekta semantike, a zatim utvrđivanje na koji način su prevedeni na srpski jezik, koje se zakonitosti javljaju u procesu prevođenja, koje tekstualne zakonitosti i ograničenja postoje s obzirom na specifičnosti kontrastiranih jezika. Budući da se u fokusu rada nalazi jedna semantički i sintaksički veoma složena kategorija u radu je primijenjen lingvističko- semantički pristup. Teorijski okvir i interpretacija značenja zasnivaju se na
tradicionalnoj i savremenoj literaturi o modalnosti i modalnim glagolima u ispitivanim jezicima.
Disertacija se posebno bavi sljedećim pitanjima: koliko različiti žanrovi, odnosno tipovi diskursa utiču na modalnost; koja vrsta modalnosti se najčešće javlja u pravnim tekstovima; koje su sličnosti i razlike između engleskog i srpskog jezika s obzirom na ovaj koncept; da li bi bilo moguće sačiniti skalu poklapanja i nepoklapanja između engleskog i srpskog na kontrastivnoj osnovi sa posebnim osvrtom na prevođenje modalnih glagola u pravnim tekstovima; kako se tipovi modalnosti prevode s jednog na drugi jezik kad su u pitanju pravni tekstovi; u kom jeziku se više upotrebljavaju modalni glagoli u diskursu prava, engleskom ili srpskom; koja morfosintaksička sredstva se koriste više ili manje često za izražavanje modalnosti; kako se svaki konkretni modalni glagol prevodi, da li se najčešće zamjenjuje najbližim ekvivalentom u drugom jeziku. Osnovni metodološki pristup primijenjen u istraživanju je deskriptivni, s tim što je analiza i kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog karaktera.
Sargent, Marilyn Jane. "Indian English: Is it "bad" or "baboo" or is it Indianized so that it is able to deal with the unique subject matter of India?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/563.
Повний текст джерелаKosana, Beker. ""Višestruka diskriminacija žena u Srbiji i odabranim državama Evropske unije: uporedna analiza"." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Asocijacija centara za interdisciplinarne i multidisciplinarne studije i istraživanja, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=112158&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent decades, human rights, including the right to equality and the right to freedom from discrimination, have been intensively developed at the universal and regional levels. This has contributed to progress in the realization of women's rights and gender equality. Formal legal barriers for women were abolished, discrimination was then banned and the right to equality was guaranteed, which enabled de iure equality, and subsequently sought to achieve de facto equality. However, substantive equality between women and men has not yet been achieved. Women around the world are still disadvantaged compared to men, discriminated against in all spheres of public and private life and subjected to violence. In addition, women are a very heterogeneous group, and some groups of women are marginalized and at higher risk of multiple discrimination, so their position is much worse compared to women and men in the majority population as well as men from their minority group. Multiple discrimination is a complex social phenomenon researched by many scientific disciplines, and interdisciplinary approach is necessary.The dissertation deals with the phenomenon of multiple discrimination against women, as well as the scope and limitations of legal protection of women against multiple discrimination in the Republic of Serbia and Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France and Germany, as selected countries of the European Union. The theoretical framework of this paper is feminist theories in general, and feminist legal theory in particular, which Martha Chamallas defines as the feminist legal theory of the generation of complex identities, and Claire Dalton defines it as the phase of diversity. The divisions they formulate are linked to the legal theories of equity and equality, which are an important part of the theoretical framework of this dissertation because the prohibition of discrimination is based on those theories. Sandra Fredman defines it as follows: formal legal barriers are abolished, direct and indirect discrimination is prohibited in all spheres, and mechanisms have been introduced to promote equality. The feminist theory of intersectionality, founded by Kimberlé Crenshaw, is an important part of the theoretical framework of this dissertation because understanding the multiple identities and their interdependence and inseparability is important for understanding the concept of multiple discrimination. Intersectionality theory emphasizes that the focus must be on the unique identity of the person, and introduces new concepts in which separate parts of identities, and groups created on the basis of one or more personal traits should be overcame. In addition, the central question should be focused on power dynamics acting in relation to the specific unique and indivisible identity of a person. The subject of my interest was whether the legal systems have an answer to the indivisibility of women's identities, which means that I researched whether multiple discrimination was recognized in anti-discrimination proceedings, and whether women belonging to multiple marginalized groups had an adequate possibility to be efficiently and effectively protected against discrimination. In my dissertation, I argue that the prohibition of multiple discrimination is a necessary but not sufficient condition for adequate protection of women against multiple discrimination, that is, the mere introduction of a prohibition of multiple discrimination in legislation is not sufficient for women to obtain adequate protection against discrimination. I also argue that the barrier to achieving equality for multiple discriminated women is the lack of an essential understanding of the phenomenon of multiple discrimination among judges and lawyers, who often decide under the influence of their own prejudices and stereotypes, which renders legal protection against discrimination ineffective and further marginalizes women. Therefore, I have analyzed the case law and practice of national equality bodies in Serbia and selected European Union countries, as well as the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in cases of multiple discrimination against women.The results of the research show that the number of procedures for the protection of women from multiple discrimination is very small, and that there are numerous challenges in ensuring effective and effective legal protection against multiple discrimination against women, which include, among other things, certain regulatory deficiencies in the legal systems of the states, lack of understanding of multiple discrimination against women, decision making under the influence of gender stereotypes and prejudices, and difficulties in applying certain provisions of the law.The dissertation offers insights into the obstacles and challenges in the legal protection of women against multiple discrimination, which need to be addressed in order to provide effective and efficient protection from multiple discriminated against women. The results of the research can be useful to legal professionals (judges and lawyers) as well as decision makers and the general public, with the aim of raising awareness, better understanding the phenomenon of multiple discrimination against women and improving the legal protection of women against multiple discrimination.
Guo, Ling-Yu. "Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.
Повний текст джерелаBethmann, Anja. "Die supramodale Verarbeitung individueller Konzepte am Beispiel menschlicher Stimmen und visuell präsentierter Comicfiguren : eine fMRT-Studie der Temporallappen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5985/.
Повний текст джерелаIt is assumed that neural pathways run from the primary sensory cortices through the temporal lobes towards their poles crossing areas necessary for object recognition. Especially the most anterior temporal parts were associated with processes contributing to the identification of objects. Yet, there is little agreement on the kinds of objects that are interpreted by the anterior temporal lobes. For example, there are assumptions regarding linguistic processing, voice recognition, the processing of general semantic information or the identification of unique entities. In order to differentiate between those theories, four event-related fMRI experiments were performed in healthy young adults. In three experiments, the subjects heard the voices of famous and unknown persons. In addition, characteristic sounds of animals and musical instruments were presented in one of these experiments. During the fourth experiment, drawings of famous cartoon characters were shown together with animals and fruit & vegetables. The neural activity in response to these stimuli compared to rest was analyzed using a regions-of-interest approach. 12 regions-of-interest that covered the majority of the temporal lobes were defined in each hemisphere. Both with auditory and visual stimuli, there were clear activation differences between the semantic categories in the anterior temporal lobes. Unique entities (human voices and cartoon characters) evoked a significantly stronger signal than categorical concepts (animals, musical instruments, fruit & vegetables). Furthermore, the signal in response to voices of familiar persons was significantly higher than to unfamiliar voices. Thus, the results are most compatible with the assumption that the anterior temporal lobes process supramodal features of familiar unique entities. As the before-mentioned signal differences between unique and categorical concepts and between familiar and unfamiliar voices increased from the transversal temporal gyri towards the temporal poles, the results support the notion of a ventral processing pathway running rostrally through the temporal lobes. In accordance with the convergence zone theory described by A.R. Damasio, the precise function of that pathway seems to consist in the incremental combination of sensorimotor concept features. Since familiar unique entities possess an especially high number of features, their processing was found to be directed into more anterior portions of the temporal lobe than the perception of unfamiliar or categorical concepts.
Zeboudj, Karima. "Les dénominations monoréférentielles dans un guide touristique sur l'Algérie : approches linguistique et traductologique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030076/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to analyze uniquely-referring names which refer to singular referents indicating a place, a person, an event, an institution or a product of human activity in a corpus of tourist guide specific to Algeria. It is evident from the analysis that the issue of language contact poses a multilingual (Arabic – Berber – French) complexity in the linguistic field where the author is constantly confronted with idiosyncratic names that identify Algerian reality. In addition to translatological aspects, we conduct an analysis of morpho-syntactic and semantic-referential properties of these uniquely-referring names which highlights their formal and semantic complexity hence contribute towards new definition of proper names
Jovana, Tomić. "Јавно - приватно партнерство у праву Европске уније и Републике Србије". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=108925&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаPogled na javno-privatno partnerstvo (u daljem tekstu: JPP) u savremenim uslovima daje sliku o kompleksnom modernom konceptu, ekonomsko-pravnoj, ali i političkoj kategoriji, institutu koji je na prvi pogled sasvim jasan, a suštinski nedovoljno istražen. JPP posmatrano pod lupom naučne i stručne javnosti, uglavnom se opisuje kao poželjan koncept u domenu razvoja infrastrukture i pružanja javnih usluga. Shvatanje da se putem JPP mogu rešiti svi problemi koji ne mogu biti efikasno rešeni od strane javnog sektora je gotovo mitsko. Ono nikada neće biti dominantan model u ovoj oblasti, zbog svoje kompleksnosti, zbog činjenice da je za male projekte skup metod, ali i zbog toga što nekada zahteva korišćenje mnogo više resursa nego što je potrebno. Uspostavljanjem ovog vida saradnje između javnog i privatnog partnera može da se složifinansijska slagalica i reši problem finansiranja određenog projekta, podelom troškova i odgovornosti javnog i privatnog subjekta. Ipak JPP ne treba pristupati samo kao mehanizmu pomoću kog će se ispraviti nedostaci na tržištu. Treba imati u vidu pojedinačne prednosti ovog modela i vrednosti koje mu se pripisuju.Prvi deo rada posvećen je istraživačkom putu ka pronalaženju adekvatne definicije JPP, uz svevremeno nastojanje da se ovaj koncept razlikuje od sličnih modela. Ukazano je na osnovne prednosti i nedostatke JPP, predstavljen istorijski razvoj saradnje javnog i privatnog partnera i analizirana su načela JPP.Drugi deo rada posvećen je pravnom okviru JPP. Analizirane su pravne norme kojima je regulisano JPP, prvo u Evropskoj uniji, a potom i u Republici Srbiji. Uslov za primenu JPP u svakoj državi je donošenje odgovarajućih pravnih normi i obezbeđivanje načina i sredstava za primenu ovih normi. Kada se u ulozi instituta koji je potrebno pravno urediti javi hibridna tvorevina poput JPP, nameće se zahtev za uspostavljanjem balansa između privatnog i javnog prava i ostvarivanjem raznih ciljeva, poput ekonomskih, socijalnih i pravnih, što kompleksnoj mreži javno-privatnih odnosa daje specifičnost i univerzalnu vrednost. Zbog značaja usklađivanja nacionalnog zakonodavstva sa pravom Evropske unije, istraživački rad usmeren je na utvrđivanje rezultata dosadašnje harmonizacije pravila o JPP u domaćem pravu sa onima koja važe upravu Evropske unije, u cilju davanja zaključka o tome u kojoj meri je ovaj posao uspešno sproveden. U ovom delu rada učinjen je i kratak osvrt na regulatornu delatnost UNCITRAL-a i mogućnost standardizacije javnih ugovora.Treći deo rada posvećen je oblicima JPP, pri čemu su detaljno analizirani ugovorni oblici JPP, a potom je ukazano na najznačajnije karakteristike institucionalnog JPP.Četvrti deo posvećen je subjektima JPP. Nakon detaljne analize pravnog položaja javnog i privatnog partnera, nametnulo se kao pitanje od naročitog značaja za obradu teme da se utvrdi koje činjenice su uticale na to da lokalne samouprave postanu subjekt koji se najčešće javlja u ulozi javnog partnera u projektima JPP u Republici Srbiji, što predstavlja izuzetak u praksi koja je zabeležena u Evropskoj uniji. U tom cilju sprovedeno je empirijsko istraživanje, a rezultati istraživanja uneti su u ovaj deo rada.Zbog činjenice da se JPP smešta u režim javnih nabavki kada je potrebno izabrati privatnog partnera, odnosno dodeliti koncesiju, peti deo ovog rada odnosi se na pravo javnih nabavki, a posebno se u ovom delu rada govori o postupcima javnih nabavki, kriterijumima za izbor privatnog partnera, značaju samoinicijativnog predloga, pravilima o zaštiti konkurencije, a zbog najuže povezanosti sa temom postupka dodele javnog ugovora, u ovom delu ukazano je na to kakvu ulogu imaju nadležne institucije u postupku dodele javnog ugovora i kako se sprovodi nadzor nad realizacijom javnog ugovora.Najveći deo rada posvećen je javnom ugovoru o JPP, njegovom pojmu, pravnoj prirodi, sadržini, izmenama i prestanku. Iako se u Republici Srbiji smatra da uspeh JPP zavisi od dobro sačinjenog javnog ugovora, u Evropskoj uniji vlada stav da je ključ uspeha u prirodi odnosa između učesnika, koji treba da bude zasnovan na saradnji i međusobnom poverenju.Ukoliko poverenje izostane i dođe do spora, ugovorne strane koriste neki od mehanizama za rešavanje nastalog spora, koji su analizirani u sedmom delu rada. Osmi deo rada posvećen je zaključnim razmatranjima i popisu korišćene literature.
The view of public-private partnership (hereinafter: PPP) in contemporary conditions gives an image of a complex modern concept, in an economic-legal, but also a political category. This is an institution that is quite clear at first glance, but essentially inadequately explored. The PPP, viewed by the scientific and professional public, is generally described as a desirable concept in the field of infrastructure development and public service provision. The viewpoint according to which all problems the public sector may fail to solve can be solved through PPP is almost mythical. It will never be a dominant model in this area due to its complexity and the fact that it is expensive for small projects, but also because it sometimes requires the use of much moreresources than necessary. By establishing this type of cooperation between the public and private partners, a financial jigsaw puzzle can be made and the problem of financing of a particular project may be solved by the division of costs and responsibilities of the public and private entities. However, PPP should not be regarded only as a mechanism by which the shortcomings in the market will be amended. One should bear in mind the individual advantages of this model and the values attributed to it.The first part of the paper deals with finding an appropriate definition of PPP, whilesimultaneously trying to distinguish this concept from similar models. This part points out the basic advantages and disadvantages of PPP, presents the historical development of public and private partner cooperation and analyzes the principles of PPP.In the second part of the paper, which is devoted to the legal framework of PPP, there is an analysis of the legal norms regulating the PPP, first in the European Union, and then in the Republic of Serbia. The requirement for the implementation of PPPs in each country is the adoption of appropriate legal norms and the provision of means for the application of these standards. When the role of the institute that needs to be regulated is taken by a hybrid formation such as PPP, then this leads to the demand for establishing a balance between private and public law and achieving various goals, such as economic, social and legal ones, which gives a specific and universal value to the complex network of public-private relations. Due to the importance of aligning the national legislation with the law of the European Union, the research focused ondetermining the results of the previous harmonization of the rules on PPP in domestic law with the law of the European Union, in order to give a conclusion on the extent to which this work has been successfully implemented. In this part of the paper, there is a short overview of the regulatory activity of UNCITRAL and the possibility of standardizing public contracts.In the third part of the paper, which is the result of the research on the forms of PPP, there is a detailed analysis of the contractual forms of PPP and the most significant characteristics of the institutional PPP.The fourth part of the paper is dedicated to PPP subjects. After a detailed analysis of the legal position of the public and private partners, a question of particular importance for the topic arose and it refers to the necessity to find out which facts influenced the local self-government to become the subject that most often appears as a public partner in PPP projects in the Republic of Serbia, which is an exception in practice seen in the European Union. Hence, the empirical research was conducted and the results of the research are given in this part of the paper.Owing to the fact that PPP is placed in the system of public procurement when it is necessary to choose a private partner, i.e. to grant a concession, the fifth part of this paper deals with the law on public procurement, in particular public procurement procedures, selection criteria for the private partner, the importance of a self-initiative proposal and regulations on protection of competition. Due to the closest connection with the topic of awarding the public contract, in this part there was an emphasis on the role of the competent institutions in the procedure of awarding a public contract and how the supervision over the implementation of the public contract is carried out.The largest part of the paper is devoted to the public contract on PPP, its concept, legal nature, content, changes and termination. Although in the Republic of Serbia it is considered that the success of PPP depends on a well-made public contract, the European Union believes that the key to success lies in the nature of the relationship between the participants, which should be based on cooperation and mutual trust.If the confidence fails and the dispute arises, the contracting parties may use one of themechanisms for resolving the dispute, which are analyzed in the seventh part of the paper. The eighth part of the paper is devoted to the concluding reviews and the list of references.
Modena, Silvia. "Le débat institutionnel français lors du passage à l’Euro : 1998-2002. Analyse du discours et argumentation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаOur research project belongs to discourse analysis as a discipline that deals with the operation of thespeech in situation. Our aim is therefore in the relationship between event and discourse,particularly in the institutional French debate when franc has been replaced by a unique currency,the Euro. The speakers of our corpus had to build confidence in Public audience. For this reason, anargumentative approach was necessary for our research. So, we have focused on the use of formsand structures intra-discursive finalized to create a climate of trust or distrust towards the uniquecurrency. Our attention is focused on the study of different forms of argument in relation to thepolitics positions and economic theses defended within this debate.What persuasive strategies were used in France to argue this passage? Through what kind ofarguments the speakers have organized the objective of their speech? Finally, is there a speech onthe euro associable with specific arguments according to the argumentative places occupied by itssupporters and opponents?
Pop, Sebastian. "La représentation SSA : sémantique, analyses et implémentation dans GCC." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002281.
Повний текст джерелаVallor, Honor Penelope. "How Gothic Influences and Eidetic Imagery in Eight Color Plates and Key Poems by William Blake Figuratively Unite Body and Soul by Dramatizing the Visionary Imagination." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4659.
Повний текст джерелаSiniša, Novković. "Припадност привредних друштава као елемент слободе настањивања у пракси Суда Европске уније". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95423&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Повний текст джерелаPostojeće zakonodavstvo EU ne pruža dovoljan pravni osnov za slobodno kretanje privrednih društava među državama članicama EU iz razloga nedovoljne legislativne aktivnosti organa EU. Odredbe o slobodi nastanjivanja iz Ugovora o funkcionisanju Evropske unije ne daju jasnu sliku o tome koju teoriju o pripadnosti privrednih društava treba primenjivati kako bi privredna društva nesmetano uživala slobodu nastanjivanja – teoriju osnivanja, teoriju stvarnog sedišta ili, pak, neku treću. Višegodišnji neuspesi organa EU da pravno urede pitanje pripadnosti privrednih društava dali su slobodu Sudu EU da bude veoma aktivan u kreiranju sudske prakse povodom pripadnosti privrednih društava, a putem tumačenja slobode nastanjivanja. Vidna je razlika između liberalističkog pristupa Suda sa jedne strane i protekcionizma kog pojedine države članice EU potenciraju u svojim nacionalnim pravima, kao i kroz organe EU.Praksa Suda EU pokazala je da se razlike između teorija o pripadnosti privrednih društava mogu premostiti, a da pri tome ne dođe do napuštanja jedne od njih. Tako bi se iz teorije osnivanja prihvatilo načelo autonomije volje osnivača, dok bi se iz teorije stvarnog sedišta prihvatio stav da države članice imaju pravo da intervenišu u određenim pitanjima iz domena prava privrednih društava, kada je to potrebno radi zaštite određenog opšteg interesa. Razlike između teorije osnivanja i teorije stvarnog sedišta suštinski predstavljaju razlike u poimanjima obima državnog suvereniteta od strane različitih država članica EU. Tako se one države koje žele da stimulišu razvoj privrede privlačenjem stranih investitora odlučuju za prihvatanje teorije osnivanja, dok sa druge strane teoriju stvarnog sedišta prihvataju one države koje žele da ostvare što je moguće veću kontrolu privrednih aktivnosti koje se vrše na njenoj teritoriji.Iako su i Sud EU i pravna teorija pokušavali da reše pitanje sukoba između dve preovlađujuće teorije o pripadnosti privrednih društava – teorije osnivanja i teorije stvarnog sedišta – to se do današnjeg dana nije dogodilo, prevashodno jer su navedene teorije zasnovane na dvema suprotstavljenim filozofijama. Filozofija kojom se vodi teorija osnivanja potiče iz država koje imaju tradicionalno jaku međunarodnu trgovinu i koje, stoga, problemu prilaze na jedan otvoreniji i fleksibilniji način, stavljajući u prvi plan pre svega slobodu trgovine i princip sigurnosti u privrednim odnosima. Teorija stvarnog sedišta problemu prilazi sagledavajući stvarnu vezu između određenog privrednog društva i određene države. Iz skorijih presuda Suda EU može se zaključiti da pravo EU sve više ide ka prihvatanju teorije osnivanja kao preovlađujuće teorije o pripadnosti privrednih društava, koja, međutim, ne može biti primenjivana bez korektivnih mera kojima bi se štitila prava trećih lica. Ono što bi trebalo da bude povezujući činilac i za teoriju osnivanja i za teoriju stvarnog sedišta jeste upravo to što je njihov konačan cilj isti, a to je što manje ograničenje slobode nastanjivanja privrednih društava.
The current EU legislation does not provide a sufficient legal basis for the free movement of companies within the member states of the EU, due to insufficient legislative activities of the EU institutions. The provisions on the freedom of establishment contained in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union do not show a clear picture on which of the theories on the nationality of companies ought to be applied in order for companies to enjoy the freedom of establishment without a hindrance – the incorporation theory, the real seat theory or some other theory. Perennial failures of the EU authorities to put in order the legislation pertaining to the question of the nationality of companies have resulted in wide discretion of the Court of Justice of the European Union to actively create the case-law in regards to the nationality of companies, by means of interpretation of the freedom of establishment. The difference between the liberal approach adopted by the Court, on one side, and the protectionism that some member states are so prone to in their national laws and which they eagerly advocate via the institutions of the EU, on the other side, is blatant. The case-law of the Court of Justice of the EU has shown that the differences between theories for establishing the nationality of companies could be overcome, without abandoning one or the other. This could be done by accepting the principle of autonomy of will, characteristic for the incorporation theory, whereas the stance that member states are entitled to intervene in certain matters of company law, if necessitated by the protection of certain public interests, could be harvested from the real seat theory. The distinction between these two theories basically stems from divergent conceptions of the scope of state sovereignty advanced by different member states of the EU. This means that states keen to stimulate industry growth opt for the incorporation theory, while on the other hand, the real seat theory is adopted by those states avid to control, to the fullest possible extent, the economic activities performed on their territory.Although both the Court of Justice of the EU and the doctrine have attempted to resolve the contention between the two dominant theories on the nationality of companies – the incorporation theory and the real seat theory – no solution has hitherto been found, mainly because the two theories are strongly based on two opposing philosophical viewpoints. The mindset that navigates the incorporation theory is derived from states with traditionally substantial international trade and which states, accordingly, approach the pertinent problem in a more open and flexible manner, putting first and foremost the freedom of trade and the principle of certainty in economic relations. The real seat theory, however, approaches the issue by contemplating the actual connection between a company and a certain state. It can be deduced from recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union that the law of the European Union is more and more inclined to adopt the incorporation theory as the dominant theory on the nationality of companies; this theory, however, cannot be implemented without applying corrective measures to safeguard the rights and freedoms of third persons. What ought to be the connecting factor for both the incorporation theory and the real seat theory is precisely the fact that their final goal is identical – that is to reduce, to the fullest possible extent, the limitations on the freedom of establishment of companies.
Svensson, Maria Helena. "Critères de figement : L’identification des expressions figées en français contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-335.
Повний текст джерелаVezali, Patrik Aparecido. "Linguagem e corpo em Merleau-Ponty : reflexôes sobre os processos de referenciação /." Marília : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91770.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract: In this dissertation we will show, through contribution of the philosophy Merleau-Ponty, focusing the conception of expression and the referention processes, however relations between language, body and life's world is formed the simbolism and the signification. In addition, we will examine some recent developments from the linguistics siope of a social-cognitive view of the language, reflecting upon the consequences of this assert of the unite perceive-perceptible to the classic ontogeny of mind and language, as well as to current theory of knowledge and espistemological debates about negation of the dualisms internal-external, subject-object, mind-body.
Orientador: Jonas Gonçalves Coelho
Coorientador: Edwiges Maria Morato
Banca: Helena Franco Martins
Banca: Mariana Claudia Broens
Banca: Rosana do Carmo Novaes Pinto
Banca: Lourenço Chacon
Mestre
Vezali, Patrik Aparecido [UNESP]. "Linguagem e corpo em Merleau-Ponty: reflexôes sobre os processos de referenciação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91770.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Nesta dissertação nós mostraremos, pela contribuição da filosofia de Merleau-Ponty, focalizando o conceito de expressão e os processos de referenciação, que as relações entre linguagem, corpo e mundo da vida são formadoras do simbolismo e da significação. Em acréscimo, examinaremos alguns desenvolvimentos recentes das vertentes lingüísticas de uma perspectiva sócio-cognitiva da linguagem, refletindo sobre as conseqüências da afirmação da união senciente-sensível para a ontologia clássica da mente e da linguagem, como também para a teoria corrente do conhecimento e dos debates epistemológicos sobre a negação dos dualismos interno-externo, sujeito-objeto e mente-corpo.
In this dissertation we will show, through contribution of the philosophy Merleau-Ponty, focusing the conception of expression and the referention processes, however relations between language, body and life's world is formed the simbolism and the signification. In addition, we will examine some recent developments from the linguistics siope of a social-cognitive view of the language, reflecting upon the consequences of this assert of the unite perceive-perceptible to the classic ontogeny of mind and language, as well as to current theory of knowledge and espistemological debates about negation of the dualisms internal-external, subject-object, mind-body.
Partika, Marek. "Publikace dat ze sítě meteostanic ve formátu DATEX II." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240798.
Повний текст джерела"An on-line handwritten Chinese input system using a "unique character mapping" algorithm." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885821.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Kristin Michelle. "A Longitudinal Investigation of Infant Gesture Use and Parent Speech: Unique and Dynamic Influences on Infant Vocabulary Acquisition." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12833.
Повний текст джерелаHow do infants learn word meanings? Research has established the impact of both parent and child behaviors on vocabulary development, however the processes and mechanisms underlying these relationships are still not fully understood. Much existing literature focuses on direct paths to word learning, demonstrating that parent speech and child gesture use are powerful predictors of later vocabulary. However, an additional body of research indicates that these relationships don’t always replicate, particularly when assessed in different populations, contexts, or developmental periods.
The current study examines the relationships between infant gesture, parent speech, and infant vocabulary over the course of the second year (10-22 months of age). Through the use of detailed coding of dyadic mother-child play interactions and a combination of quantitative and qualitative data analytic methods, the process of communicative development was explored. Findings reveal non-linear patterns of growth in both parent speech content and child gesture use. Analyses of contingency in dyadic interactions reveal that children are active contributors to communicative engagement through their use of gestures, shaping the type of input they receive from parents, which in turn influences child vocabulary acquisition. Recommendations for future studies and the use of nuanced methodologies to assess changes in the dynamic system of dyadic communication are discussed.
Dissertation
Narwová, Michaela. "Dramatik a akcionista Werner Schwab. Příspěvek k rakouské postmoderně." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297508.
Повний текст джерелаLombard, Vincent. "L’évolution de l’évaluation de la composante linguistique de la compétence à écrire par le ministère de l’Éducation : une étude longitudinale sur les épreuves uniques de 5e secondaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9169.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims to describe the ways in which the evaluation of written French has evolved within the “épreuves unique” of secondary 5. More specifically, it analyzes the evolution of evaluation methods regarding written language conventions in these examinations. A documentary research has allowed us to collect examinations and other related documents for a time span stretching from 1971 to 2012. Although our study specifically looks into the “épreuves uniques”, which were implanted in 1986, we have chosen to go back further in time in order to depict a larger portrait of certificate evaluation of French writing in secondary 5. Many aspects are analyzed: context of examinations, tasks contained within them, scoring parameters and pass levels regarding language conventions, examinations as a whole as well as writing and the French language. We have also observed the province-wide evolution of students’ results for these examinations. Using a variety of theoretical concepts related to the evaluation of written language conventions, a methodology was developed in order to allow the analysis of writing assignments. The latter notably reveals that the nature of such tasks and their parameters have remained relatively constant in time, particularly since 1986. The number of allowed language-related mistakes has augmented, whereas students’ results have remained stable. Furthermore, the historic perspective of this study illustrates how the ministère de l’Éducation nowadays allows a great importance to writing and the correction of spelling mistakes.
Růžičková, Kateřina. "Světový jazyk francouzština a jeho současný význam v Evropské unii." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312559.
Повний текст джерелаMasieri, Desy. "La lingua degli atti normativi dell'UE e della legislazione italiana a confronto." Praca doktorska, 2021. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/290872.
Повний текст джерелаHrdina, Jakub. "Bipolarizace společnosti? Analýza debaty o imigraci v online médiích." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415200.
Повний текст джерелаFátorová, Eliška. "Pozice menšinových a regionálních jazyků v kontextu evropské jazykové politiky." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347568.
Повний текст джерелаLipertová, Ivana. "Jazyk a překlad v právu." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389816.
Повний текст джерелаThuiya, Robert W. "ICT adoption in a multicultural context: a case study of the African Union." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27257.
Повний текст джерелаInformation and Communications Technology (ICT) adoption in a multicultural context needs to be well understood, since smooth ICT operations within several key sections of any multicultural organisation are impacted on by cultural factors. This study seeks to investigate the importance and effects of several variables – cultural tastes, cultural values, social structures, and the communication context and language – on ICT adoption in the African Union (AU). It also enhances understanding of issues faced by AU when adopting ICT in their daily operations. The study has reviewed theoretical literature, specifically Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), The Competing Values Framework/Model, and Value-Based Adoption Model (VAM). The study used the value-based adoption model because in a multicultural environment such as AU, if an innovation is valuable and cost effective then they users are likely to adopt it. Reliability scores of the constructs were calculated by averaging the scores. The variables that could cause impact on ICT adoption included cultural values, social structure, culture taste, language and communication context. The tool was tested for reliability, and those questions that were found and unreliable questions were taken out from the final study. To enhance the test of validity of factors, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was preferred as the initial step in the validation process. The research was conducted at the AU offices within and outside of Ethiopia. A total of 288 participants completed a semi-structured questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used. The findings indicate that language and cultural taste had a noteworthy effect at the stated significance level (α<0.05). Cultural values, communication, social structure and the communication context were found to be insignificant at the stated significance level (α<0.05). The study recommends that the AU embraces inclusivity of different and diverse languages into its ICT systems, to facilitate adoption and use by employees. In conclusion, the study points out that cultural tastes and languages are the vital elements in the adoption of ICT in the AU.
Ukwamukelwa kohlelo lezobuChwepheshe Bolwazi Kanye nokuXhumana (Information and communications technology (ICT) kwizidingo zesimo esiqukethe amasiko amaningi kufanele kuzwisiseke kahle, njengoba imisebenzi ehamba kahle yohlelo lwe-ICT kwimikhakha esemqoka yanoma iyiphi inhlangano enamasiko amaningi ithintwa yimithelela yosikompilo. Lolu cwaningo luqonde ukuphenya ukubaluleka Kanye nemithelela yezinto ezahlukene, kuxutshwa phakathi izinhlobo zamasiko, ubuhle bamasiko, izakhowo zomphakathi, Kanye nesimo sokuxhumana Kanye nolimi, phezu kokwamukelwa kwe-ICT kwinhlangano yoBunye be-Afrika (African Union (AU), ngenhloso yokuqinisa ulwazi lwezinto ezihlupha inhlangano ye-AU, uma yamukela uhlelo lwe-ICT kwimisebenzi yalo yansuku zonke. Ucwaningo luye lwabuyekeza ukuba khona ithiyori yombhalo wobuciko, ikakhulu ithiyori ebizwa nge-Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT), uhlelol lwe-Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), uhlelo lwe-Competing Values Framework/Model Kanye ne-Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). Lolu hlelo lokugcina lusetshenzisiwe, ngoba kwisizinda samasiko amaningi esinjenge-AU, uma ngabe uhlelo lwamaqhinga amasha lutholakala lusemqoka futhi lungembi eqolo, ngakho-ke abasebenzisi balo bangalwamukela. Ucwaningo lwenziwa kumahovisi enhlangano ye-AU ezindaweni ezimbili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe lase-Ethiopia. Inani lonke labadlalindima aba-288 bagcwalise umbhalo wemibuzo ombaxambili. Amaphuzu achaza ukwethembeka (reliability scores) ezakhiwo akhalukhuleyithwe ngokuwalinganisa (averaged). Ithuluzi lohlelo lwe-VAM luhlolwe ngenhloso yokuthola izinga lokwethembeka, kanti-ke yinoma iyiphi imibuzo engathembeki isusiwe kucwaningo. Ukuqinisa uhlelo lokuhlola izinga lokufaneleko kwemithelela (validity of factors), ukuhlaziywa kwemithelela ephenyayo (exploratory factor analysis (EFA) kunconywe njengesinyathelo sokuqala kuhlelo lwe-validation. Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi ulimi kanye losikompilo kube nomthelela obonakalayo kwisilinganiso se (<0.05), kanti izimfundisa ezinhle zamasiko, ukuxhumana, isakhiwo somphakathi kanye nesimo sezokuxhumana kutholakele ukuthi akubalulekile kwisilinganiso esichaziwe sezinga le (<0.05). Ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi i-AU yamukela uhlelo lokufaka amasiko onke ngokusebenzisa izilimi ezahlukahlukene kumasistimu ayo e-ICT, ukunceda ukwamukelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngabasebenzi. Sengiphetha, ucwaningo, ucwaningo luyachaza ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasiko kanye nezilimi kuyizinhlaka ezisemqoka ekwamukelweni kohlelo lwe-ICT ngaphakathim kwe-AU.
Die ingebruikneming van inligtings- en kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) in ʼn multikulturele konteks moet goed begryp word, aangesien vloeiende IKT-werksaamhede in verskeie sleutelsektore van enige multikulturele organisasie deur kulturele faktore beïnvloed word. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die belangrikheid van verskillende veranderlikes, insluitende kulturele smake, kulturele waardes, sosiale strukture, en die kommunikasiekonteks en -taal, en die invloed daarvan op IKT-ingebruikneming in die Afrika-unie (AU) te ondersoek, met die oog op verbeterde begrip van die kwessies waarmee die AU gekonfronteer word wanneer IKT in hul daaglikse werksaamhede gebruik word. In die studie is die beskikbare teoretiese literatuur hersien, spesifiek die Diffusie van Innovasie- Teorie (DIT), die Saambindende Teorie van Aanvaarding en Gebruik van Tegnologie (UTAUT), die Mededingende Waardes-raamwerk/-model en die Waardegebaseerde Ingebruikneming-model (VAM). Laasgenoemde is toegepas, want in ʼn multikulturele omgewing soos dié van die AU sal gebruikers waarskynlik ʼn innovasie gebruik indien dit waardevol en kostedoeltreffend is. Die navorsing is by AU-kantore in sowel as buite Etiopië uitgevoer. Altesaam 288 deelnemers het ʼn halfgestruktureerde vraelys voltooi. Die betroubaarheidspuntetelling van die konstrukte is bereken deur hul gemiddelde te bepaal. Die VAM-hulpmiddel is getoets vir betroubaarheid, en enige onbetroubare vrae is uit die finale studie verwyder. Om die toets van geldigheid van faktore te versterk, is verkennende faktorontleding (EFA) verkies as die aanvanklike stap in die proses van geldigheidsbepaling. Die bevindinge het getoon dat taal en kulturele smaak ʼn noemenswaardige uitwerking op die genoemde beduidendheidspeil (<0.05) gehad het, terwyl kulturele waardes, kommunikasie, sosiale struktuur en die kommunikasiekonteks onbeduidend blyk te wees op die genoemde beduidendheidspeil (<0.05). Die studie beveel aan dat die AU inklusiwiteit verwelkom deur diverse tale in sy IK-stelsels te gebruik, om aanvaarding en ingebruikneming daarvan deur werknemers te bewerkstellig. Ten slotte: die studie het bevind dat kulturele smake en tale deurslaggewende elemente in die aanvaarding van IKT in die AU is
Ukwamukelwa kohlelo lezobuChwepheshe Bolwazi Kanye nokuXhumana (Information and communications technology (ICT) kwizidingo zesimo esiqukethe amasiko amaningi kufanele kuzwisiseke kahle, njengoba imisebenzi ehamba kahle yohlelo lwe-ICT kwimikhakha esemqoka yanoma iyiphi inhlangano enamasiko amaningi ithintwa yimithelela yosikompilo. Lolu cwaningo luqonde ukuphenya ukubaluleka Kanye nemithelela yezinto ezahlukene, kuxutshwa phakathi izinhlobo zamasiko, ubuhle bamasiko, izakhowo zomphakathi, Kanye nesimo sokuxhumana Kanye nolimi, phezu kokwamukelwa kwe-ICT kwinhlangano yoBunye be-Afrika (African Union (AU), ngenhloso yokuqinisa ulwazi lwezinto ezihlupha inhlangano ye-AU, uma yamukela uhlelo lwe-ICT kwimisebenzi yalo yansuku zonke. Ucwaningo luye lwabuyekeza ukuba khona ithiyori yombhalo wobuciko, ikakhulu ithiyori ebizwa nge-Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT), uhlelol lwe-Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), uhlelo lwe-Competing Values Framework/Model Kanye ne-Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). Lolu hlelo lokugcina lusetshenzisiwe, ngoba kwisizinda samasiko amaningi esinjenge-AU, uma ngabe uhlelo lwamaqhinga amasha lutholakala lusemqoka futhi lungembi eqolo, ngakho-ke abasebenzisi balo bangalwamukela. Ucwaningo lwenziwa kumahovisi enhlangano ye-AU ezindaweni ezimbili ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe lase-Ethiopia. Inani lonke labadlalindima aba-288 bagcwalise umbhalo wemibuzo ombaxambili. Amaphuzu achaza ukwethembeka (reliability scores) ezakhiwo akhalukhuleyithwe ngokuwalinganisa (averaged). Ithuluzi lohlelo lwe-VAM luhlolwe ngenhloso yokuthola izinga lokwethembeka, kanti-ke yinoma iyiphi imibuzo engathembeki isusiwe kucwaningo. Ukuqinisa uhlelo lokuhlola izinga lokufaneleko kwemithelela (validity of factors), ukuhlaziywa kwemithelela ephenyayo (exploratory factor analysis (EFA) kunconywe njengesinyathelo sokuqala kuhlelo lwe-validation. Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi ulimi kanye losikompilo kube nomthelela obonakalayo kwisilinganiso se (<0.05), kanti izimfundisa ezinhle zamasiko, ukuxhumana, isakhiwo somphakathi kanye nesimo sezokuxhumana kutholakele ukuthi akubalulekile kwisilinganiso esichaziwe sezinga le (<0.05). Ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi i-AU yamukela uhlelo lokufaka amasiko onke ngokusebenzisa izilimi ezahlukahlukene kumasistimu ayo e-ICT, ukunceda ukwamukelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa ngabasebenzi. Sengiphetha, ucwaningo, ucwaningo luyachaza ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasiko kanye nezilimi kuyizinhlaka ezisemqoka ekwamukelweni kohlelo lwe-ICT ngaphakathim kwe-AU.
Die ingebruikneming van inligtings- en kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) in ʼn multikulturele konteks moet goed begryp word, aangesien vloeiende IKT-werksaamhede in verskeie sleutelsektore van enige multikulturele organisasie deur kulturele faktore beïnvloed word. Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die belangrikheid van verskillende veranderlikes, insluitende kulturele smake, kulturele waardes, sosiale strukture, en die kommunikasiekonteks en -taal, en die invloed daarvan op IKT-ingebruikneming in die Afrika-unie (AU) te ondersoek, met die oog op verbeterde begrip van die kwessies waarmee die AU gekonfronteer word wanneer IKT in hul daaglikse werksaamhede gebruik word. In die studie is die beskikbare teoretiese literatuur hersien, spesifiek die Diffusie van Innovasie- Teorie (DIT), die Saambindende Teorie van Aanvaarding en Gebruik van Tegnologie (UTAUT), die Mededingende Waardes-raamwerk/-model en die Waardegebaseerde Ingebruikneming-model (VAM). Laasgenoemde is toegepas, want in ʼn multikulturele omgewing soos dié van die AU sal gebruikers waarskynlik ʼn innovasie gebruik indien dit waardevol en kostedoeltreffend is. Die navorsing is by AU-kantore in sowel as buite Etiopië uitgevoer. Altesaam 288 deelnemers het ʼn halfgestruktureerde vraelys voltooi. Die betroubaarheidspuntetelling van die konstrukte is bereken deur hul gemiddelde te bepaal. Die VAM-hulpmiddel is getoets vir betroubaarheid, en enige onbetroubare vrae is uit die finale studie verwyder. Om die toets van geldigheid van faktore te versterk, is verkennende faktorontleding (EFA) verkies as die aanvanklike stap in die proses van geldigheidsbepaling. Die bevindinge het getoon dat taal en kulturele smaak ʼn noemenswaardige uitwerking op die genoemde beduidendheidspeil (<0.05) gehad het, terwyl kulturele waardes, kommunikasie, sosiale struktuur en die kommunikasiekonteks onbeduidend blyk te wees op die genoemde beduidendheidspeil (<0.05). Die studie beveel aan dat die AU inklusiwiteit verwelkom deur diverse tale in sy IK-stelsels te gebruik, om aanvaarding en ingebruikneming daarvan deur werknemers te bewerkstellig. Ten slotte: die studie het bevind dat kulturele smake en tale deurslaggewende elemente in die aanvaarding van IKT in die AU is.
School of Computing
M. Sc. (Computing)