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1
Shi, Julie. "Articulations of language and value(s) in scholarly publishing circuits." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 9 (April 20, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v9.38148.
Анотація:
This paper examines how the use of and preference for the English language in scholarly communication enacts epistemic oppressions on global, regional, and local stages to delegitimize knowledge and knowers active in other languages and epistemological frameworks. Specifically, this paper argues that internationalized languages of economic and metrics-based value interact and intersect with the over-valuation of English, which has detrimental consequences. Four readings of the interplays between language and value in the scholarly ecosystem are presented. As questions of knowledge production, epistemic oppression, and justice are not confined to one discipline or community, each reading engages with the theory and praxis of scholars from local and Indigenous communities, and scholars and practitioners in a range of other areas. The first reading, Language Has Value, examines the knowledge and value embedded in languages, as well as the implications of monolingualism for global knowledge production and use. Focusing on the publishing industry, Language of Value interrogates the internationalized economic values that shape mainstream approaches to open access and overlook regional situations. Language of Evaluation attends to the symbolic market of research metrics and evaluation criteria that forces researchers to choose between topics that are locally relevant and those deemed important by the mainstream community. These readings are followed, in Language and Value, by lessons learned from established models and tools for knowledge production and dissemination that actively resist intersecting oppressions. The paper closes with a call to the research community to imagine and work for sustainable and equitable approaches to scholarly communication that break open and away from the epistemic enclosures dominating the present system.
2
Karrebæk, Martha Sif, Kathleen C. Riley, and Jillian R. Cavanaugh. "Food and Language: Production, Consumption, and Circulation of Meaning and Value." Annual Review of Anthropology 47, no. 1 (October 21, 2018): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-050109.
Анотація:
We interrogate the many ways that language and food intersect. Food and its uses provide setting and structure for language, just as language and its uses constrain and inform food activities. We illuminate where and how food and language co-occur and how they are dynamically co-constitutive, foregrounding the potential for food-and-language scholarship to contribute to understandings of political economic processes and structures. We organize our review around the mutual production, consumption, and circulation of food and language. We show that the richness of scholarship about consumption (especially around the family meal) has not been matched by research concerning the production of food and language, whereas the co-constituting circulation of food and language contributes to new meanings and values for both. More research is needed to clarify the surging attention to food, which may be motivated by the complex global food system and the speed and ease of mediatization and circulation of food images and ideologies.
3
Stemberger, Joseph Paul. "Radical underspecification in language production." Phonology 8, no. 1 (May 1991): 73–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700001287.
Анотація:
Phonological underspecification plays an important role in phonological theory. Some features are left blank in underlying representations. If they are relevant to the pronunciation of a segment, they are filled in at some point in the derivation; otherwise, they are left blank permanently. When underspecification was reintroduced to phonological theory in the 1980s, researchers originally assumed that all information that could be considered predictable had to be underspecified in underlying representations (Kiparsky 1982; Archangeli 1984). Information can be considered predictable in one of two ways. First, information is predictable if it is redundant or allophonic; the voicing and nasality of the vowel in the word grin [grin] in English are predictable (because vowels are always voiced, and are always nasalised before a nasal) and omitted from underlying representations. Second, given that a feature is binary, it is possible to leave one value of the feature blank in underlying representations; if the segment is not specified as e.g. [+ F], then it must be [− F], by default. The approach that defines predictability in this fashion is known as RADICAL UNDERSPECIFICATION
4
ABUTALEBI, JUBIN, and HARALD CLAHSEN. "Variability and its limits in bilingual language production." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 5 (October 3, 2016): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000870.
Анотація:
Experimental and other empirical research on language is faced with the fact that language performance exhibits a high degree of variability at all linguistic levels. Variability is found across languages, across speech communities within one language, across individuals within one speech community and even within the same individual. Bilingual language use adds a further source of variability to this already complicated picture. On the other hand, there are aspects of language and language use that are constrained, stable, or robust and that are less (or not at all) subject to variability, for example, possible options that are not chosen in any language or kinds of error that are never produced. Several familiar ways of dealing with the variability of language use and its limits have turned out to be unsatisfactory. One approach has been to simply abstract away from variability with constructs such as the ‘ideal speaker–hearer’ (who – to our knowledge – nobody has met so far). Another strategy is to average across individuals, which sometimes results in arbitrary mean scores or mean activation patterns that are hard to replicate for individuals, even for those who took part in a given study. A third solution when confronted with variability in language use is to take it at face value, positing that every language, every speech community, and even every individual is different, an approach that essentially gives up on discovering any kind of generalizations. While none of these strategies appears to us to be particularly fruitful, the problem of how to deal with variability in language performance and its limits remains.
5
Rush, Christine L., and Nicholas C. Zingale. "Retaining public value and public law value in outsourcing." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-18-01-2015-b006.
Анотація:
We argue that the proliferation of governance in the public sector has raised questions regarding individual constitutional rights. While some proclaim cost savings and entrepreneurial solutions to vexing social ills, others suspect that these benefits donʼt outweigh the risk of diminished accountability and the loss of constitutional protection over public service production. We propose a new model to examine the relationships between direct government, governance, public value, and public law value. We apply this model to analyze two landmark Supreme Court cases and one contemporary federal appellate court case to explore the ongoing tension between the governance model and public service production. Our findings suggest that enforcible contract language and public-private entwinement can be used as tools to protect constitutional rights in the face of increasing pressure of governance approaches.
6
Vogel, Ann, and Alan Shipman. "Cinema Co-production, Film Distribution in Multiple Languages and Inequality in the Global Language System: A Call for Robust Public Data." Cinéma & Cie. Film and Media Studies Journal 23, no. 41 (April 5, 2024): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2036-461x/21516.
Анотація:
Language has proven to be an important factor in film performance models, film finance considerations, and festival program selections. This essay uses multi-year global data sets (UN and supplementary databases) to analyse the relationship between the languages in which a film is produced and offered to cinemagoers on the one hand, and the co-production activities and dynamics which engender these patterns on the other hand. While European Commission policies, underlining the peculiar “linguistic polity”of the European Union, have been influential in the making of multilingual cinema productions motivated by subsidy rules, taxation and grant schemes, the pattern is rather global, reflecting uptake of cinematic product in many “territories” and the mobilization of film across national and regional language divides. The analysis shows that Europeanization has much wider implications beyond Europeans’ cultural consumption and identity construction, with Europe’s co-production policies casting a wider net of cultural resistance to Global Hollywood and its majority of English-language blockbusters as well as attending to language preservation in the European neighborhood in addition to Europe, where local and regional heritage policies are well instituted. The study examines the results against Abram de Swaan’s theory of the Global Language System, examining the Q-value theory to the language patterns emerging from film productions with multiple languages, which must be assessed in its relation to cultural consumption that may not follow from formal schooling and habitus formation.
7
Ezeizabarrena, Maria-José. "Overt subjects in early Basque and other null subject languages." International Journal of Bilingualism 17, no. 3 (May 28, 2012): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006912438997.
Анотація:
This study focuses on person marking in early Basque and other null subject languages. From very early on, person marking on the verb and quite regular, adult-like, null subject rates are attested across early acquisition studies on genetically related and unrelated pro-drop languages. We survey several studies on bilingual children simultaneously acquiring two languages with the opposite value for the pro-drop parameter. The conclusion drawn is that children display a monolingual-like pattern in the production of person marking, overt subjects, and personal pronouns in the null subject language, whereas, in the non-null subject language, bilinguals evidence delayed target person marking and overt subject production. These data are compatible with the view that children correctly set the default parametric value at early stages and separate the languages being acquired. However, it is argued that accounts based on the lexical learning of features in the functional category T(ense) may better account for the crosslinguistic data. Moreover, the accuracy observed in overt person inflection production leads to the proposal that (the spelling out of) the [person] or [D] feature in T(ense) is the first subject feature available to the language acquirer, previous to other candidates such as number or case.
8
Ruin, Thomas, Eric Levrat, Benoît Iung, and Antoine Despujols. "Complex maintenance programs quantification (CMPQ) to better control production systems." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 25, no. 4 (April 29, 2014): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-04-2013-0042.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology for supporting complex maintenance programs quantification (CMPQ) for industrial systems. The methodology is based on a generic formalization of static and behavioral expert knowledge both on the target system and on the maintenance one. The formalization is carried out first by means of system modelling language (SysML) diagrams to model knowledge concepts and second by the transformation of these concepts into Altarica data flow (ADF) language for developing stochastic simulation. Design/methodology/approach – An industrial case study (ARE system) proposed by the electricite de France (EDF) company is used initially to show a real problem statement on CMPQ. It allows highlighting key scientific issues considered as the basis for methodology development. Main issues are related to static and dynamic knowledge formalization justifying the choice of SysML and ADF languages. The added value of this methodology is finally shown on the same case study serving as benchmark. Findings – This paper demonstrates the suitability of using of SysML language for modelling the CMPQ knowledge and then of ADF language in building executable model implementing simulation as needed for assessing key performance indicators of CMPQ. ADF is based on formal mode automaton. Mapping rules are developed to ensure correspondence between the concepts of these two languages. Research limitations/implications – Additional industrial validations of the methodology should be performed to really evaluate its benefits. Practical implications – This work was made possible thanks to a partnership with the EDF Company (French energy supplier). The results are therefore directly usable at practical industrial levels. Originality/value – The CMPQ methodology proposed is fully generic leading to offering a library of atomic ADF components (COTS) which can be instantiated to develop executable model with regards to each specific application. It allows to favor reusability and makes easier the model development above all for a user who knows nothing about the language.
9
Kuska, Matheus Thomas, Mirwaes Wahabzada, and Stefan Paulus. "AI for crop production – Where can large language models (LLMs) provide substantial value?" Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 221 (June 2024): 108924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.108924.
10
Barley, William C., Jeffrey W. Treem, and Paul M. Leonardi. "Experts at Coordination: Examining the Performance, Production, and Value of Process Expertise." Journal of Communication 70, no. 1 (February 2020): 60–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz041.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper argues that coordination among domain experts can be viewed as a distinct form of knowledge in itself, and an area in which an individual may become an expert. We discuss why domain experts may be ill-equipped to coordinate their knowledge with the knowledge of others, and why individuals with process expertise may be better equipped to facilitate coordination between domain experts. Drawing on a qualitative study of nurses organizing emergency pediatric transfers, we demonstrate how process expertise is established, maintained, and enacted through situated communicative practices. The analysis characterizes process expertise as operating interdependently with, but distinct from, domain expertise, and shows how process expertise can aid in settings that demand complex coordination. This work challenges assumptions that coordination among domain experts is best addressed through supporting network connections or overcoming interpretive obstacles, and offers an alternative way to support coordination by cultivating process experts.
11
Deibel, Isabel. "The contribution of grammar and lexicon to language switching costs: Examining contact-induced languages and their implications for theories of language representation." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 5 (January 29, 2020): 992–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000865.
Анотація:
AbstractMany language pairs chosen in language switching studies differ randomly on multiple linguistic levels, thus obscuring the nature of switching costs. Contact-induced languages, i.e., creoles (e.g., Spanish-based Palenquero) and mixed languages (e.g., Media Lengua), having arisen in intense language contact scenarios, relate systematically to their source languages by displaying high proportions of cognates or shared grammar. This configuration can speak to the relative contribution of lexicon and grammar to switching costs. Results from a production and comprehension task show that switching costs are systematically tied to a language pair's grammatical distance. This suggests that switching costs may result from the re-generation of the morphosyntactic frame on switch trials. Emphasizing the value of testing psycholinguistic theories outside of the usual Western populations, the current study provides insight into the degree of shared mental representations between contact-induced languages and their source languages.
12
Nurlaila, Nurlaila. "ISLAMIC VALUES ENCOUNTERED IN HUMAN LANGUAGE PRODUCTION AND COMPREHENSION AS A MENTAL PROCESS." JURNAL SCHEMATA : Pascasarjana UIN Mataram 7, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/schemata.v7i2.517.
Анотація:
This study concerned mainly on the islamic values encountered in human language production and comprehension as a mental process. The production of language of human being positioned in Broca’s area and comprehension of language is located in Wernike’s area which are located in human left brain. The process of language in human brain is very abstract; it could not be directly seen by naked eyes. It was done by activating some features of the brain such as Broca’s area, Wernike’s area, angular gyrus, motor cortex, etc. Based on psycholinguistics theory, ability to speak or produce meaningful sounds were innate in human. Its meant that human were genetically predisposed to learn and use language. The phenomenon were closely related to islamics values that those facts specifically and delibrately created by God; the Almighty Allah with certain purposes and that regularity was shown in the nature of thing in the earth. This research aims at investigating the islamic values encountered in human language production and comprehension. This is a descriptive qualitative reasearch that the researcher herself functioned as the key instrument. It was found out that there were several kinds of islamic values found in human language production and comprehension namely social, moral, economical, and religious values.
Key Words: Islamic Value, Language Production and Comprehension, Mental Process
13
Priani Dewi, Syarifa, and Sugeng Santoso. "Analysis of Fashion Value Chain Sustainability to Strengthen Added Value Through Entertainment Activities (Fashion Shows) syarifapd." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 4, no. 6 (July 4, 2023): 1042–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i6.1940.
Анотація:
Fashion is a secondary human need that can change according to the times or someone's wishes which can be seen from language, habits to how to dress. The production of fashion products is inseparable from various value chain activities. The value chain is a collection of activities carried out by each company to design, manufacture, market, deliver, and support its product. The fashion value chain consists of design, production, marketing and distribution activities. Fashion is also a product of the creative economy which is a mainstay in the country. The potential for various fashion products in Indonesia is enormous, so it is necessary to develop various fashion products in Indonesia to strengthen their added value. This research is a quantitative study using MDS-RAPFISH analysis with a case study in Nganjuk Regency. The results of this study show that the sustainability status of the value chain in design activities, production processes and marketing shows a fairly good sustainability status. Meanwhile, the dimensions of distribution and entertainment activities show good sustainability. And the overall results of the MDS-RAPFISH show indications of improvement, except for the dimensions of marketing and entertainment activities.
14
Shamir, Jacob. "Quality Assessment of Television Programs in Israel: Can Viewers Recognize Production Value?" Journal of Applied Communication Research 35, no. 3 (August 2007): 320–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909880701434406.
15
Paspali, Anastasia, Vasiliki Rizou, and Artemis Alexiadou. "Aspect in Heritage Greek: evidence from elicited production and online judgments." Applied Psycholinguistics 43, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716421000539.
Анотація:
AbstractThis study tests grammatical aspect in adult Heritage Speakers (HSs) of Greek in Germany (HSs-Germany) and the US (HSs-US), a topic which has not been investigated before for this language, exploring the role of the dominant language and the default value as an acquisition strategy. In an oral elicitation task (Experiment 1) targeting the production of aspectual marking in Greek, Greek monolinguals (MSs) and HSs-Germany exhibited ceiling performance, while HSs-US were significantly less accurate. Education in Greek reliably predicted their accuracy. In a speeded Grammaticality Judgment task (Experiment 2) targeting the comprehension of aspect in a Grammaticality x Aspect repeated measures design, similar results were obtained for the grammatical conditions as in Experiment 1. In ungrammatical conditions, accuracy on aspect was affected for all groups, and this was more evident for HSs. HSs-US were overall less accurate with the morphologically marked form (perfective). Decision Times (DTs) revealed that only MSs and HSs-Germany were sensitive to aspect violations exhibiting longer DTs. Education in Greek reliably predicted accuracy and DTs. The results are discussed within the realm of heritage languages, language contact, and aspect acquisition in Greek bilingual populations. Finally, certain novel verbal forms produced by HSs are also discussed.
16
Yount-André, Chelsie. "Moral Orders of Multinationals: Registers of Value in Corporate Food Production." Signs and Society 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/713153.
17
Benonguil, John Achileeus, and Jerlyn Balones. "Cross-Linguistic Structural Priming on the Lexico-Syntactic Representations of Cebuano-English Bilinguals." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2023.5.1.9.
Анотація:
The effect of previously processed grammatical structure on its subsequent production is referred to as structural priming to explore syntax representations in bilingual brains. This psycholinguistic inquiry investigated the active-passive alternation syntactic category and whether bilingual representations of the first language (Cebuano) and second language (English) are more integrated considering the L2 proficiency. This study conducted two structural priming experiments on 60 Cebuano-English bilinguals from a randomized population exposed to a prime type with verb type manipulation. Research subjects formed their responses concerning the target response drawings. Responses were classified as active, passive, and other to assess priming effects. Additionally, this study followed the mixed between-and-within-subjects design. Priming effects were established in the two studies using the mixed-effects logistic regression analysis. Cross-linguistic priming was found in Study 1 (English to Cebuano) in both verb types with a p-value of (< .001). However, cross-linguistic priming was not found in Study 2 (Cebuano to English) in both verb types with a p-value of (0.242). Active utterances were profound in both studies rather than passive structures. The L2 proficiency of the research subjects was statistically significant in Study 1 and not significant in Study 2. This further means that second language proficiency affects Cebuano language production more than English. With the greater likelihood of active utterances, research subjects have not integrated the syntax of both languages, mainly attributed to different language experiences, constituent word order, and unbalanced bilingual proficiency capabilities.
18
Lyons, Ronan A. "How much does quality matter: the value of data." Injury Prevention 26, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043369.
Анотація:
In a world of competing priorities, accurate production of information on the scale of the injury burden and the effectiveness of prevention-orientated interventions and policies is important; hence, data quality matters. This article surveys the literature about what is known about data quality in the injury field and developments to improve the quality and usability of information, particularly through triangulation of data sources, data linkage and unlocking the potential for more deeply phenotyped data through natural language processing.
19
Kormos, Judit. "THE TIMING OF SELF-REPAIRS IN SECOND LANGUAGE SPEECH PRODUCTION." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100002011.
Анотація:
The study explores the psycholinguistic processes underlying L2 self-repair behavior by means of analyzing the timing of various types of self-corrections found in the speech of 30 Hungarian speakers of English at three levels of proficiency (pre-intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced). The paper discusses the relevance of timing data for the existing models of speech monitoring and examines how the level of proficiency of L2 learners affects the speed of error detection and the execution of correction. The results obtained indicate that the perceptual loop theory and the activation spreading theory of monitoring both rightly assume that monitoring involves the same mechanisms as speech comprehension. The analysis of the timing data reveals that corrections of pragmatically inappropriate lexical choice have detection times very similar to those of lexical errors. This may be regarded as indirect evidence for the claim that lexical entries in the mental lexicon also contain specifications concerning their pragmatic value. The results show that the level of proficiency of the participants affects the time necessary for the lexical, grammatical, and phonological encoding of the repair, which is caused by the difference in the degree of automaticity of these mechanisms at various stages of L2 development.
20
Vermeulen, Pieter. "New York, Capital of World Literature? On Holocaust Memory and World Literary Value." Anglia 135, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2017-0005.
Анотація:
AbstractThe question of how world literary value is produced has been central to recent debates. While Pascale Casanova’s influential account of a relatively autonomous ‘world literary space’ follows the work of Pierre Bourdieu in applying economic metaphors to processes of world literary value production, this essay argues that Casanova’s 1999 account needs to be updated in light of recent economic and cultural developments: the economic and the literary sphere are no longer separate but fundamentally entwined, which means that processes of world literary value creation cannot be modeled as a pseudo-market. The essay traces ongoing debates on the transcultural circulation of Holocaust memory to put forward a more flexible and multifaceted model for the production of world literary value. To demonstrate the claim that world literary value is today articulated with other forms of value, the essay investigates the role of Holocaust memory in the recent world literary consecration of Roberto Bolaño, Karl-Ove Knausgaard, and Elena Ferrante. Concentrated around New York-based publishers and media, these three cases not only demonstrate the crucial role of Holocaust memory in articulating literary value, they also show the recent shift from Paris to New York as a primary center of world literary value production.
21
Chanlat, Jean-François. "Language and thinking in organization studies." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 504–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-09-2013-0708.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between language, thinking and society for explaining the degree of visibility of the French organizational studies (OS) production. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes a sociological analysis based on Bourdieu field to understand the variation of reception the French OS production have had among the Anglo-Saxon field. The paper aims to underline some key elements, which can explain the differences of reception experienced by the French OS scientists. The paper opted for a general review using historical data; reviews of OS literature; and Google scholar, Web of Science and major OS Journal data. Findings – The paper provides some evidence about how the degree of visibility of the French OS production is related to translation, cognitive and social resonance, producer place in the scientific network and relationship between the fields. It suggests that the degree of visibility is the result of a complex set of socio-cognitive schemes, social issues raised by the scholar and the place occupied by the researcher in the field. Originality/value – The paper brings interesting ideas concerning the international development of the OS field, the degree of visibility of diverse contributions coming from non-English speaking researchers, notably the French ones, and how the dialogue between different linguistic and social universes can be ameliorated.
22
Boukreris, Louafia. "Translation, Language and Globalization." Traduction et Langues 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v10i2.857.
Анотація:
Broadly speaking, translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a translation, that communicates the same message in another language, the text to be translated is called the source text and the language that it is to be translated into is called the target language. The final product is sometimes called the target text. The aim of this paper is to consider translation and globalization in relation to language diversity, maintenance and dynamicity; it also argues that translation will not be beneficial unless it results in an additional value effect. Standard practice acknowledges that every translation activity is a simultaneous decoding encoding process of the text. As a process, while it decodes the meaning embedded in the source text, it also transfers the meaning into a coded form in the target language. Thus every translation becomes an extension of the original text, bringing fresh appreciation to it as well as enrichment to the TL. However, such a process needs to be clearly recognized, not as a mere mechanical transference from one linguistic register to another but as an encounter of two languages and two cultures.
23
Stokes, Stephanie F., and Dinoj Surendran. "Articulatory Complexity, Ambient Frequency, and Functional Load as Predictors of Consonant Development in Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48, no. 3 (June 2005): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/040).
Анотація:
The notion of a universal pattern of phonological development, rooted in basic physiological constraints, is controversial, with some researchers arguing for a strong environmental (ambient language) influence on phonological development or an interaction of both physiological constraints and ambient language effects. This research examines the relative value of articulatory complexity, ambient frequency, and functional load as predictors of consonant development in children. Three languages are investigated: Cantonese, American English, and Dutch. Regression analyses revealed that functional load accounted for 55% of the variance in age of emergence of consonants in 7 English-speaking children (8–25 months), while frequency of consonants in the ambient language accounted for 63% of the variance in age of emergence of consonants in 51 Cantonese-speaking children (15–30 months). Articulatory complexity accounted for 40% of the accuracy of production of consonants in 40 English-speaking children (25 months), and frequency accounted for 43% of the variance in accuracy of production of consonants in 5 Dutch-speaking children (24 months). Given cross-linguistic differences, further research is required.
24
McKee, Cecile, Matt Rispoli, Dana McDaniel, and Merrill Garrett. "How do children become adult sentence producers?" Applied Psycholinguistics 27, no. 1 (January 2006): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716406060139.
Анотація:
We join other responders in thanking Clahsen and Felser (CF) for pulling together these observations about the development of language processing. We are especially impressed by the generality and inclusiveness of CF's treatment of development in L1 and L2. Because most of their specifics concerned comprehension processes, our contribution will emphasize the added value of an appeal to production processes. In particular, we will articulate the value of applying existing production models to developmental phenomena. Language development can be interpreted in revealing ways through the lens of adult sentence production models. These models specify how lexical, syntactic, morphological, and phonological knowledge are integrated in real time as we produce sentences. They are performance models, but they go well beyond general measures of working memory and general notions of limited capacity and resources.
25
Wang, Xinmei. "Research on Construction of Advanced English Teaching Based on Production-Oriented Approach." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1202.15.
Анотація:
In view of the separation of learning and application in foreign language teaching in China, a Production-Oriented Approach theory (POA theory) of integrating learning and application in foreign language teaching is proposed. The theory takes unit tasks with potential communicative value as the teaching target, and students selectively learn input materials under the guidance of teachers, and finally achieve effective output and complete communicative tasks. This paper tries to apply POA theory to Advanced English Teaching by decomposing the overall goal to sub-goals within a unit task, so as to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning and willingness to produce.
26
Nazarova, Natalia V., and Viktoria G. Grigorieva. "The use of dramatization technology for the development of students' value orientations." Vestnik of Samara State Technical University Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences 20, no. 3 (October 23, 2023): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vsgtu-pps.2023.3.7.
Анотація:
The paper is devoted to the application of dramatization technology in foreign language teaching in order to develop general cultural, spiritual and moral value orientations among students. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the use of dramatization technology as a means of developing students' value orientations in the process of learning a foreign language. To study the methods of this pedagogical technology, a review and analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature was conducted followed by a brief survey among foreign language teachers and students of the Theater Faculty of the Samara Institute of Culture. The results of the survey were used to clarify the most significant cultural values among the interviewees, as well as to determine the interest of the Theater Faculty students in the use of dramatization techniques during the study of a foreign language. To confirm the hypothesis and further practical implementation of the conclusions, a theatrical project "Gallop across Europe. From Aeschylus to Brecht", which involved the 2 year students of the Theater Faculty, was staged. The material for the dramatic production was excerpts from five works of classical foreign literature, which most fully reflected the purpose of the study. It was concluded that the didactic potential of dramatization technology is not limited exclusively to the development of language skills, but can be effectively used for formation of students' value orientations.
27
Chan, Andy Lung Jan. "Moving up the value chain?" Translation Spaces 3 (November 28, 2014): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.3.07cha.
Анотація:
In this age of globalization, and as a result of the advent of information, communication and translation technologies, translation tasks tend to be outsourced or even crowd-sourced to countries with lower wages, and translation fees seem to be on a downward spiral. Downward pressure on translation rates appears to confirm the factor price equalization theorem, a key derivation of the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model in economics. This famous theorem in labor and international economics argues that the prices of factors of production such as wage rate (or return on human capital) are equalized across countries as a result of international trade activities. This paper begins by presenting the theoretical framework of the factor price equalization theorem. It then examines how this theorem can be applied to analyze certain recently observed phenomena in the market for professional services in general and in the translation market in particular, and discusses implications for professional translators, language service providers and translator training institutions.
28
Visser-Bochane, Margot I., Cees P. van der Schans, Wim P. Krijnen, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, and Margreet R. Luinge. "Validation of the Early Language Scale." European Journal of Pediatrics 180, no. 1 (June 13, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03702-8.
Анотація:
AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of a new screening instrument, the Early Language Scale (ELS), for the identification of young children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD), and to determine optimal age-adjusted cut-off scores. We recruited a community-based sample of 265 children aged 1 to 6 years of age. Parents of these children responded on the ELS, a 26-item “yes-no” questionnaire. The children were assessed with extended language tests (language comprehension, word production, sentence production, communication). A composite score out of these tests (two tests below – 1 SD or one below − 1.5 SD) was used as reference standard. We assessed the validity of the ELS, measured by sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and AUC. The optimal sensitivity/specificity age-dependent cut-off ELS score was at 15th percentile. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.62 and 0.93, respectively. Positive predictive value was moderate (0.53), negative predictive value was high (0.95), the positive likelihood ratio was 9.16, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.41. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88. The items covered the increasing language development for the ages from 1 to 6.Conclusion: The ELS is a valid instrument to identify children with DLD covering an age range of 1 to 6 years in community-based settings. What is Known:• Early identification and treatment of developmental language disorders can reduce negative effects on children’s emotional functioning, academic success, and social relationships.• Short, validated language screening instruments that cover the full age range of early childhood language development lack.What is New:• The 26-item Early Language Scale (ELS) is a valid instrument to identify children at risk for developmental language disorder in well-child care and early educational settings among Dutch children aged 1–6 years.
29
Mohamed, Syed Sabir, and Shanmugasundaram Hariharan. "A Summarizer for Tamil Language Using Centroid Approach." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 6, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2016010101.
Анотація:
Document summarization plays a vital role in the use and management of information dissemination. This paper investigates a method for the production of summaries from Tamil newspaper text document. The primary goal is to create an effective and efficient tool that is able to summarize the given text documents in a form of meaningful extract of the original text document using centroid-based algorithm. The paper focuses on generating summaries using a centroid-based algorithm, which represents group of words that are statistically important for a document. Each sentence in a document is considered as a vector in a multi-dimensional space. The sentences that are nearest to the centroid value are considered as the most important sentences. The importance of a sentence is determined by three parameters the centroid value, the positional value, and the first sentence overlap. The score for each sentence is calculated and the redundancy between the sentences is eliminated using CSIS. Finally, the sentences are ranked and the sentences with highest score values are selected as summary.
30
Grolla, Elaine. "Metodologias experimentais em aquisição da linguagem (Experimental methods in language acquisition)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v7i2.1090.
Анотація:
Este artigo discute algumas metodologias experimentais amplamente utilizadas em estudos em aquisição de linguagem: a tarefa de produção eliciada, a de julgamento de gramaticalidade e a de julgamento de valor de verdade. Além de dar uma visão geral de como tais metodologias são empregadas, também são discutidos problemas que podem surgir quando tais métodos são aplicados sem se dar atenção especial a fatores extra-lingüísticos. Estudos que detectaram tais problemas e modificaram as metodologias corrigindo tais falhas são discutidos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Aquisição de Sintaxe. Experimentos. Tarefa de Produção Eliciada. Tarefa de Julgamento de Gramaticalidade. Tarefa de Julgamento de Valor de Verdade.
ABSTRACTThis article discusses some experimental methods widely employed in language acquisition studies: the elicited production task, the grammaticality judgment task and the truth-value judgment task. It provides an overview of how these methods work and discusses some problems that may arise when they are used without giving special attention to pragmatic factors. Studies that detected these problems and modified the methods fixing these flaws are discussed.KEYWORDS: Acquisition of Syntax. Experiments. Elicited Production Task. Grammaticality Judgment Task. Truth-Value Judgment Task.
31
Kempster, A. J. "Carcass classification in the marketing of meat animals." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034838.
Анотація:
The principle of classification is that carcasses are described, using a common language which is understood by everyone trading in the market. The language relates to characteristics of commercial importance to traders but does not normally impute value, the essence being that the individual trader is able to identify the relative value of different classes for his particular business and specify price differentials (grade) accordingly. This encourages the production of carcasses more suited to market requirements.
32
Brekelmans, Gwen. "The value of phonetics and pronunciation teaching for advanced learners of English." Linguistica 57, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.57.1.45-58.
Анотація:
Pronunciation is an essential part of acquiring a second language, but far too often little time is spent on teaching it (Kelly 1969). It seems as if it is generally thought that pronunciation is something that will develop on its own, yet learners are still assumed to maintain a certain level. This paper investigates the effects of explicit pronunciation and phonetics teaching on the English speech production of advanced Dutch learners of English. The pronunciation of advanced university learners was investigated at several points over a period of three years, halfway during which their pronunciation teaching was stopped. The effect this termination had on their speech production was investigated, as well as any task-specific differences in read versus spontaneous speech. Also studied was the potential influence of studying abroad and taking English-taught courses. Overall, this study shows that explicit teaching has a clear effect on the pronunciation of the learners. Some features of pronunciation turn out to be more robust than others, and the task type has an unmistakeable influence on the native-like quality of the learners’ pronunciation, while there was only a minor effect of general exposure to English. Altogether, the value of explicit phonetics and pronunciation teaching turns out to be quite high for advanced second language learners, and once they acquire a certain level they are able to maintain a stable accent.
33
Alcaraz-Mármol, Gema. "Desarrollo de la competencia oral en inglés como lengua extranjera a través de la mediación lingüística en educación secundaria." Elia, no. 19 (2019): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/elia.2019.i19.02.
Анотація:
Linguistic mediation is one of the aspects to be developed within communicative competence, as established by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2002). The aim of this study is to check whether linguistic mediation somehow contributes the development of other communicative constructs, in this case oral production. To this end, a group of 40 students from the 1st year of Bachillerato at a public secondary school in Madrid carried out a total of eight language mediation activities designed ad hoc. The activities were carried out once a week, in 50-minute sessions. The participants took an oral production test before and after the didactic intervention. Oral production was measured in terms of coherence and cohesion, lexical and grammatical variety, fluency, interaction, and pronunciation. The results showed that after the completion of the mediation activities, the students’ fluency and interaction had improved significantly, thus suggesting the added value of linguistic mediation not only as important in itself but as a facilitator in the development of other communicative skills.
34
Baranovskaya, T. A. "The role of text in teaching foreign languages." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-302-308.
Анотація:
The research is devoted to a multi-level study of the essence and role of text creation comprehension in teaching a foreign language. Capturing motivational and logical mental structures along with recognising communicative and cognitive aspects of a person's identity in a text are key linguopsychological elements of studying text activities. The scientific value of the research is in specifying the operational approach to describing a concrete level of a person's consciousness, on which cognitive structures acquire language realisation in the process on communication. Existence of a person's concsiousness is considered on three levels of abstracrion within the conscious: sensory field, associative field, motivational field. The contents of a person's language consciousness can be described through its thesaurus and presented as a filter that sifts through incoming meaningful information expressed in the sign form. The process of first language acquisition by a child is closely related to the apprearance of the correlation between dynamic and static systems of sound production (syllable production and articulation). Tranfer to foreign language acquisition will then be connected only with changing the characted of the correlation in each specific case. Foreign language teaching is connected with the learners' using the language skills they already possess. Peculiarity of language consciousness is revealed both when comparing lexical and grammatical categories in several languages, in which the forms of the same category have different meanings, and when comparing a limited set of such linguistic meanings with an unlimited number of linguistic features and relations between the objects.
35
Corkum, Valerie, and Philip Dunham. "The Communicative Development Inventory-WORDS Short Form as an index of language production." Journal of Child Language 23, no. 3 (October 1996): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008928.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study was designed to examine the CDI-WORDS Short Form vocabulary checklist (Reznick & Goldsmith, 1989) as an index of language production. In particular, we were curious about: (1) the concurrent associations between the CDI-WORDS Short Form checklist measure and directly observed measures of lexical production; (2) the associations between Short Form checklists administered at different ages; and (3) the predictive associations between Short Form scores and subsequent measures of more general intellectual abilities (i.e. the Wechlser Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence; WPPSIR; Wechsler, 1989). In a sample of 32 children, significant correlations were found between CDI-WORDS Short Form scores and directly observed measures of lexical production at both 1;6 and 2;0. Further, both the Short Form checklist and the observed measure of lexical production were found to predict WPPSI-R Verbal IQ scores but not the Performance IQ scores at 4;0. Additional analyses demonstrated the predictive and convergent validity of the CDI-WORDS Short Form, and underscored the additional value of direct observational measures of lexical production during early lexical development.
36
Andruski, Jean E., and Martha Ratliff. "Phonation types in production of phonological tone: the case of Green Mong." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 30, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300006654.
Анотація:
This study looks at the relative importance of phonation type in identifying tones in languages with a ‘mixed’ pitch/phonation tone system. Green Mong is a tone language with an inventory of 7 contrastive tones and a tonal system that incorporates both fundamental frequency (FO) and phonation type distinctions. The study examines 3 Green Mong tones, which have similar FO contours and are characterized by the distinctive use of breathy, creaky and modal phonation. Acoustic analyses of 3 male and 3 female speakers' productions indicate that the tones are distinguished by their FO, relative amplitude of lower and higher harmonics (H1-H2), vowel duration, vowel quality and voice onset times. Discriminant analyses, used to estimate the relative value of these different cues, indicate that H1-H2 is the best predictor of tone category membership. This is the case for both high and low vowels, although the magnitude of the H1-H2 difference is substantially smaller for high vowels. The 2 predictor variables which are next most strongly correlated with the discriminant functions also relate to phonation type. However, FO does continue to play a role in classification of tokens into tone categories.
37
Verdonschot, Rinus G., and Hinako Masuda. "Sumacku or Smack? The value of analyzing acoustic signals when investigating the fundamental phonological unit of language production." Psychological Research 84, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1073-9.
38
Anaswah, Mohmad. "Importance of references’ science in information and library studies." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 49, no. 2 (August 2, 2022): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v49i2.1786.
Анотація:
The research aims to explore the value of reference terms and its added value, and this by identifying the reference term opposite to bibliography term that has been restored to its origins in Arabic language, and its approval by the councils of the Arabic language and its display in Arab intellectual production. The documentary approach was used to achieve the goals of this research, which was one of its most prominent results, to reach that there is a disparity in understanding what is the reference term and its awareness and definition. The research concluded that the reference term is the Arab equivalent of the term bibliography, and the term of references as opposed to bibliographies and proven sources as opposed to the term sources and references, However, the reference term has many and varied benefits that go into all areas of describing intellectual production, which proves that it has a basic value and added value that comes in the form of indispensable returns and guidance for workers in the library sector, publishing houses and publishers in all their spectrum.
39
Bolin, Göran. "Notes From Inside the Factory: The Production and Consumption of Signs and Sign Value in Media Industries." Social Semiotics 15, no. 3 (December 2005): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10350330500310061.
40
Malouf, Michael. "“The Poe Test: Global English and The Gold Bug”." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 7, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2019.23.
Анотація:
This essay examines the production of Global English through literary texts by examining three adaptations of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Gold Bug” in the 1930s by competing figures in the vocabulary control movement—Harold Palmer, Michael West, and C. K. Ogden—leaders in the formation of the field of applied linguistics. The first part of the essay explains the colonial origins of the vocabulary word list and its ascendant value in the interwar period for the new discipline of applied linguistics, and as part of the competition for English language textbooks. This leads to an analysis of these three simplifications of Poe’s story that demonstrates how the language politics in Poe’s story provides a structure through which to express a nascent Global English ideology regarding race, vernacular, and auxiliary languages.
41
Christodoulou, Christiana. "Tense and aspect in Cypriot Greek Down Syndrome." Linguistic Variation 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.2.02chr.
Анотація:
This study examines the production of tense and aspect of Cypriot Greek adults diagnosed with Down Syndrome and children with typical language development. Despite the evidently low IQ scores, and comparatively lower MLU scores, the performance of Cypriot Greek adults with Down Syndrome with tense and aspect is almost at ceiling with 95.7% accuracy for tense and 97.2% for aspect. These results suggest that at least certain aspects of the Down Syndrome grammatical system (e.g. inflectional marking) can be (fully) acquired. It was observed that both groups have developed three coping strategies, when not using a verb as targeted or expected; they either (i) use an alternative feature value, (ii) omit the entire verb, or quite rarely (iii) omit the inflectional suffix. Inconsistencies in the results across different languages suggest that cross-linguistic differences potentially related to the inflectional system of each language might be responsible for the different realization of problematic performance. Keywords: Down Syndrome; language development; inflectional marking; tense; aspect
42
Luz, Kaélio Francisco. "A influência das concepções de linguagem e da mediação pedagógica no ensino de Língua Portuguesa." Somma: Revista Cientifica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51361/somma.v3i2.105.
Анотація:
This article addresses the importance of understanding the concepts of language in teaching work in Portuguese language classes, in order to study and value the contributions that each one has in the scope of pedagogical mediation that aims to minimize the difficulties of students in relation to the processes of text production. The research methodology is based on studies by theorists such as: Geraldi (2006), Travaglia (2002), Antunes (2009), Koch (2005), Bakhtin (1981). The method used was bibliographical research. The results of this work aim that teachers adopt language as interaction in their pedagogical practices, as this conceives students as active subjects in the production of knowledge and, thus, the adoption of pedagogical mediation in a relationship between teacher, student and text.
43
Tange, Hanne. "Global Commitment or Local Grievances? An Assessment of the Grundfos Language Policy." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 21, no. 41 (August 28, 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i41.96818.
Анотація:
This empirical study discusses language workers’ involvement with and responses to the introduction of a corporate language policy at the Danish multinational Grundfos in April 2004. The core argument is that a discrepancy exists between language workers’ global commitment to language management and respondents’ local practices. The analysis explores this differentiation in relation to the themes of language value, language visibility, and the visibility of the corporate language policy, comparing the confl icting views of respondents from management, communications, branding, technical marketing, production, and development units. This leads to the conclusion that the effect of the corporate language initiative is closely related to language attitudes in the different parts of the organisation, which calls for a research perspective that may accommodate local as well as global concerns.
44
Avifah, I'anatul, and Muchamad Sholakhuddin Al Fajri. "Pre-service EFL teachers’ perception on educational video production technology: A needs analysis." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i3.21149.
Анотація:
This study conducted a needs analysis by investigating the perceptions of Indonesian pre-service English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers and in-service lecturers about instructional media development and the potential of educational video production for EFL teacher education. This research was conducted with a number of respondents from pre-service teachers who took instructional materials or media development course (IMALT/IMALD) and computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and lecturers including the program director of language education department in Indonesian universities. The results suggested that the design of the workshop should be devised as constructive learning with a focus on project-based learning to help teacher candidates develop their skills in employee value proposition (EVP). The workshop is also suggested to provide some examples of today’s educational video to bring into the discussion. In terms of the course design, the participants suggested some intended topics to learn, which are learning objectives and strategies, camera work, pedagogic approaches for video production, additional creative aids in video production and pre- and post-production phase of EVP.
45
Moraru, Mirona. "“Arabic is the mother tongue of Islam”: Religion and the reproduction of Arabic among second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff, UK." Multilingua 38, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2017-0093.
Анотація:
Abstract Born and educated in the UK, with Arab parents and Muslims, second-generation British-Arab immigrants in Cardiff find themselves at the core of a complex web of power relations which potentiates their production of multilingual practices. However, while Cardiff is officially bilingual, English being the dominant language and Welsh becoming increasingly valuable, linguistic practices with Arabic are usually rendered illegitimate. In spite of this, British-Arabs produce, reproduce, and negotiate linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff. The present article employs Pierre Bourdieu’s model of linguistic production and circulation to analyse the oral linguistic biographies of six second-generation British-Arabs in Cardiff in order to understand the conditions which enable the production of such practices in Cardiff in spite of their illegitimacy. The main argument is that Islam complements the central role occupied by the family in the reproduction of linguistic practices with Arabic in Cardiff; the relationship between the symbolic value ascribed to Qur’anic Arabic, the institutionalised provision of Arabic literacy, and mainstream education functions as a mechanism which reproduces the symbolic value of linguistic practices with Arabic on specific linguistic submarkets in Cardiff.
46
Simons, Berthold. "Sound Change in Aphasic Speech." Sound Change 9 (January 1, 1994): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.9.10sim.
Анотація:
Abstract. In this study, the speech of a Wernicke aphasic is analyzed in terms of sound change and not with reference to models of language production. The speech of aphasic patients is characterized by numerous grammatical aberrations. Moreover, the patient TeeBee, whose speech is under consideration, produced a lot of phonemic aberrations. The aberrant phones in the words, and the words as a whole, are considered here not to be "just paraphasic", but are considered as possible functional elements (PFEs). In this view, the point is made that PFEs, though being deviant from the norm, still carry a great deal of semiotic value for the hearer. It will be shown by the data presented that phonic aberrations move within certain borders, even in this case of highly aberrant speech. The German phonemic system is substituted by a floating phonemic parasystem with considerable instability in all elements. The distinctive value of German phonemes is disordered by the production of low-functional elements. With regard to these findings, some differences between sound change in language history and sound change in aphasic speech are discussed.
47
Pavlick, Jennifer. "Reproducing patriotism: An exploration of ‘freedom’ in US history textbooks." Discourse & Society 30, no. 5 (June 12, 2019): 482–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926519855787.
Анотація:
This is an exploratory study investigating the production of the meaning of ‘freedom’ in US history textbooks used in high schools across America. Responding to current ideological division, this article investigates the production of American patriotism and identity. This study uses methods from critical discourse analysis to dissect how the language used in the textbooks produces a meaning of ‘freedom’. It then explores the production of patriotic citizens through history/civic education and questions the meaning of ‘freedom’ as a value that sits at the heart of American identity and rhetoric. The quantitative and qualitative results show that the story of ‘freedom’ in the textbooks aims to pacify the violent ruptures of history while instilling in students a sense of duty to ‘freedom’ as a cause and value worth furthering – even if its meaning is not fully explained.
48
BUDACH, GABRIELE, SYLVIE ROY, and MONICA HELLER. "Community and commodity in French Ontario." Language in Society 32, no. 5 (November 2003): 603–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503325011.
Анотація:
Linguistic minority movements have long adopted dominant discourses linking language and community. Analysis of two sites of discursive production in francophone Canada (literacy centers and a call center workplace in Ontario) shows that current socioeconomic changes challenge those discourses. Language and community are uncoupled and redefined as commodities with exchange value in the globalized market for services and information. “Community” serves mainly to legitimize struggles for privileged access to newly commodified linguistic and cultural resources.
49
Dunst, Alexander, and Rita Hartel. "Computing Literary Surplus Value: Alan Moore and the Density of the Comic Book as Graphic Novel." Anglia 139, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2021-0010.
Анотація:
Abstract The term graphic novel has increasingly functioned as a catalyst for understanding comic books as an emergent literary genre. This article focuses on one specific element within this historical process: the claim, made by artists such as Alan Moore, that graphic novels are characterized by greater formal complexity, or density, than serial comics. These claims are evaluated by combining computational text and image recognition of a corpus of 131 graphic narratives with sociological metadata on production and circulation. The results show that Moore’s own book-length comics, in particular Watchmen and V for Vendetta, rank among the densest graphic narratives in the sample in both their visual and textual content. Graphic memoirs, in contrast, only show an increase in textual complexity. With Pierre Bourdieu, the article understands complexity as a social and aesthetic strategy that aims at increasing the cultural capital of comics creators. At the same time, the article contextualizes computational results against the background of a changing marketplace for comics, in particular the decline of serial comics, the shift towards digital printing, and increased access to book distribution. This analysis shows that graphic narratives pursue both literary and popular aesthetic strategies, challenging Bourdieu’s account of a clear opposition between profit and prestige in cultural production.
50
Dalola, Amanda. "#YouAreWhatYouTweetCHHH: Identity and fricative epithesis in French-language tweets." Journal of French Language Studies 32, no. 2 (July 2022): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269522000047.
Анотація:
AbstractPhrase-final fricative epithesis (PFFE), often indicated in informal writing with a final -h or -ch, e.g. beaucoup_h, oui_ch, is a sociophonetic variable of Hexagonal French in which utterance-final vowels give way to intense fricative-like whistles. Production research has found PFFE to be used at equal rates among men and women, and perception research has found that native French speakers perceive it to mark either formal speech or intense affect. This research furthers the special issue’s line of inquiry on French variation in forms of digital media by extending the analysis to a sociophonetic variable with a robust life on Twitter. The study compares the pragmatic value of tweets containing PFFE with previously described values and then examines interactions of gender, hostword phrasal location and lexical frequency on its realization. 96.8% of PFFE occurrences in the 2060-token corpus were classified into the pragmatic categories of Formality and Intense Affect. Results suggest that PFFE has become a salient enough sociophonetic variable that 21st-century French users represent it graphically in their tweets, however, its usage is structurally more permissive than in spoken language, signaling that it has taken on an iconic value in digital spaces.