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1
Pohland, F. G., and B. Al-Yousfi. "Design and operation of landfills for optimum stabilization and biogas production." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most municipal landfills are constructed and operated with exposure to intermittent rainfall. Infiltration of rainfall, together with the inherent moisture content of landfilled wastes, promotes leachate production and accelerates rates of conversion of waste constituents. As these conversion processes proceed, waste stabilization occurs, leachate quality changes, and biogas is released in correspondence with the prevailing phase of stabilization. The intensities and temporal and spatial dimensions of these phases are waste-specific, a function of landfill design and operational strategy employed, and characterized by changes in physical, chemical and biological indicator parameters. Recognizing that most landfills exist as microbially mediated anaerobic waste conversion processes, with the sequential phases of acid formation and methane fermentation accounting for the majority of waste stabilization being accomplished, a fundamental understanding of these two principal phases of landfill stabilization is provided and used as a basis for developing guidance for controlled landfill design and operation. This guidance emphasizes optimization of stabilization efficiency, establishes cost-effective procedures for leachate management, and promotes regulated biogas production and utilization. To accommodate these objectives, the benefits of converting landfills into controlled bioreactor systems through regulated leachate generation, containment, collection, and in situ recirculation for accelerated waste stabilization and integrated biogas management are described, and opportunities for ultimate leachate disposal, biogas utilization and landfill reclamation are illustrated and compared to relative costs of other management options.
2
Vourdoubas, John. "Possibilities of Using Landfill Biogas for Heating Agricultural Greenhouses in Crete-Greece." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 2 (February 21, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i2.9066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas is currently produced in Crete-Greece from the two existing landfills in the island, as well as from the sewage treatment plants in Chania and Heraklion. Biogas produced in the two treatment plants is already used for co-generation of heat and power. However, since the quantities of landfills biogas and its energy content are significant, it can be used in the future either for heat production or for heat and power generation. Generated power can be fed into the grid and the produced heat can be used from a heat consumer. Since large heat consumers are not located nearby the existing landfills, there is the possibility for the creation of agricultural greenhouses in the surrounding agricultural areas which can utilize the generated heat. Landfill in Heraklion has an average biogas production of 1.43x107 NM3/year, almost five times higher than the landfill in Chania and the totally recoverable biogas from the two landfills can generate 16.73 GWh/year of electricity, in the case of a CHP plant, and enough heat for heating 15.4 hectares of modern greenhouses. In the case of direct heat generation, recoverable landfill biogas can heat 24.41 hectares of modern greenhouses. Since the global warming potential of methane is much higher than CO2, energy exploitation of landfills biogas in Crete will result in environmental benefits compared with its direct emission to the atmosphere.
3
Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, and María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. "Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas is formed under anaerobic conditions by decomposition of the organic matter present in waste. The estimation of biogas production, which depends fundamentally on the type of waste deposited in the landfill, is essential when designing the gas capture system and the possible generation of energy. BIOLEACH, a mathematical model for the real-time management of MSW landfills, enables the estimation of biogas generation based on the waste mix characteristics and the local meteorological conditions. This work studies the impact of installing selective organic matter collection systems on landfill biogas production. These systems reduce the content of food waste that will eventually be deposited in the landfill. Results obtained using BIOLEACH on a set of scenarios under real climate conditions in a real landfill located in the Region of Murcia (Spain) are shown. Results demonstrate that actual CH4 and CO2 production depends fundamentally on the monthly amount of waste stored in the landfill, its chemical composition and the availability and distribution of water inside the landfill mass.
4
Porowska, Dorota. "Review of Research Methods for Assessing the Activity of a Municipal Landfill Based on the Landfill Gas Analysis." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.16476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate projection of gas generation from landfills poses numerous difficulties. One needs to select and use an appropriate method from among several available options, and consider local and individual conditions of a landfill. These aspects are crucial for the economic management of the landfill gas in new landfills, and for assessing the impact of the gas on soil-water environment in old landfills. This paper is aimed at reviewing the research methods that can be used to assess the activity of new municipal waste landfills currently in operation, and of old, closed landfills after reclamation. Landfill activity can be assessed using different models and analysis of the produced gas. The actual data on the investigated municipal landfill showed that the landfill activity can be accurately assessed based on the quantitative determination of biogas formation using the LandGEM method, and the analysis of gas phase variability in the landfill accounting for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide share/presence. Each landfill is different and calls for an individual approach or methodological modifications.
5
Tanda, Giovanni, Marco Balsi, Paolo Fallavollita, and Valter Chiarabini. "A UAV-Based Thermal-Imaging Approach for the Monitoring of Urban Landfills." Inventions 5, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5040055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monitoring of waste disposal sites is important in order to minimize leakages of biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion and potentially explosive and detrimental to the environment. In this research, thermal imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to monitor urban landfills. Since the anaerobic decomposition produces heat along with biogas, thermal anomalies recorded over the soil are likely to be associated with local biogas escaping from the landfill terrain and leaving a local thermal print. A simple and novel approach, based only on the processing of thermal maps gathered by the remote sensing surveys, has been proposed for the estimation of the fugitive methane emissions from landfills. Two case studies, concerning two Italian landfills, have been presented. For one of them (Mount Scarpino, Genoa), significant thermal anomalies were identified during several UAV flights and the relevant thermal images processed to obtain a rough estimation of the associated methane leakages. For the second landfill (Scala Erre, Sassari), the thermal map did not reveal any anomaly attributable to local biogas emission. Despite some limitations outlined in the paper, the present approach is proposed as an innovative method to identify significant biogas leakages from an urban landfill and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the methane production potential.
6
Koval, Viktor, Inesa Mikhno, Gabriela Hajduga, and Krzysztof Gaska. "Economic efficiency of biogas generation from food product waste." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of waste accumulation has become one of the global problems of humanity. In Ukraine, the main method of waste management is landfill depositing, which is unproductive and affects the ecosystem negatively. However, large landfill sites should be used to produce biogas, thereby reducing the environmental burden and the earned revenue should be used to introduce recycling and a gradual transition to a European waste management policy. The aim of our study was to investigate the state of waste recycling and the possibility of using waste landfills and food with lost consumptive qualities for biogas generation. To analyze the economic efficiency of the installation of biogas equipment in landfills and to investigate the current state of waste management in Ukraine. The research demonstrates that at present in Ukraine the problem of waste accumulation becomes actual. At the same time, the number of large waste landfills is increasing. It is proved that at landfills with an area of more than 50 hectares, the installation of biogas equipment is cost-effective, and the raw material can be distributed at the feed-in tariff, thus solving the energy problem.
7
Zhazhkov, V. V., A. N. Chusov, and N. A. Politaeva. "Research and Assessment of Biogas Composition at the TKO Running and Recommendations for Its Use." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-5-4-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the main problems, namely the emission of biogas into the atmospheric air, during operation and after the closure of MSW landfills. Biogas, which contains methane, is considered not only as a strong greenhouse gas, but also as a valuable fuel that can be used as an energy resource. To assess the biogas potential at the operating landfill, field studies were carried out, which made it possible to determine the intensity and composition of gas emissions. The main points of landfill gas sampling at the landfill have been selected. Methods have been worked out and the equipment necessary for environmental monitoring at a real operating landfill has been selected. Using gas-geochemical surveys, environmental monitoring of biogas emissions from the MSW landfill was carried out at 49 sampling points. Coordinates in the WGS84 coordinate system, maps of the concentration distribution of the main components of biogas (methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen) were obtained at a depth of 50 cm from the surface of the landfill body. A zone recommended for drilling biogas wells was selected and recommendations were developed for installing a degassing station and using biogas as a source of electricity
8
Мастрюков, B. Mastryukov, Блинова, and A. Blinova. "Explosion Hazard of Biogas Cloud Formed at Solid Waste Landfills." Safety in Technosphere 3, no. 6 (December 23, 2014): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of negative factors of solid waste (SW) landfills seldom includes explosion hazard of a biogas cloud formed by
degradation of organic part of waste. The article analyses dynamics of biogas generation depending on characteristics of
waste pre-sorting, gas-air cloud (GAC) distribution considering SW landfill lifetime, season and atmospheric stability class.
Deflagration explosion poses actual danger of buildings destruction and life loss in settlements adjacent to the landfill.
GAC explosion frequency rate is estimated 7,87 · 10–6 per year.
9
Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PENGELOLAAN EMISI GAS LANDFILL (BIOGAS) SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN." Sutet 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v7i1.166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The final landfill is a place to hoard the garbage and the bin gets the last treatment. The final disposal site may be either deep or field-shaped. In recent years, dumped end landfills have finally been converted to a public open space. Final waste disposal site is one of the biggest sources of landfill gas emissions in Indonesia. In the anaerobic process, the organic material decomposes and the landfill gas is produced. This gas then converges and rises regardless of the atmosphere. This becomes dangerous because it can cause an explosion, but it can also cause photochemical smog.
10
Solisio, C., A. P. Reverberi, A. Del Borghi, and V. G. Dovi'. "Inverse Estimation of Temperature Profiles in Landfills Using Heat Recovery Fluids Measurements." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/747410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In addition to leachate and gas emission analysis, temperature variations in municipal solid waste landfills are routinely monitored for safety and health reasons, such as the increased production of biogas or the danger of spontaneous combustion phenomena if the temperature exceeds 70–75°C. The increasing constraints on greenhouse gas emissions and the convenience of fuel and heat recovery have helped develop a global approach to landfills' operation and maintenance, generally referred to as bioreactor landfill management. The heat recovery piping we are presently designing can be a significant part of this approach. The heat gained by a fluid circulated in a closed network through the landfill is transferred to an external heat exchanger or used directly as warm water. Additionally, it can help reduce landfill temperature levels and control biogas generation. Since the pipes diameter is large enough to allow for a radial temperature gradient, this information can be used for an inverse estimation of the temperature profile in the landfill which constitutes the boundary conditions of the resulting heat transfer problem. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for regularising the resulting ill-posed free boundary estimation problem using sampled data of the heat recovery fluid on exiting the landfill.
11
Konkol, Izabela, Jan Cebula, Lesław Świerczek, Magdalena Piechaczek-Wereszczyńska, and Adam Cenian. "Biogas Pollution and Mineral Deposits Formed on the Elements of Landfill Gas Engines." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072408.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal landfills generate a significant amount of high-energy biogas, which can be used as a renewable gaseous fuel. However, it is necessary to improve the quality of this biogas due to the presence of various chemical compounds. The most common pollutants in landfill biogas include volatile compounds of silicon, sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine. The aforementioned elements, as well as other metals, were found both in the deposits and in the engine oil. The paper presents detailed characteristics of the solid residues formed in selected parts of gas engines powered by landfill biogas. Its elemental composition and morphology were investigated in order to determine the structure and influence of these deposits. In order to better understand the observed features, selected analyses were also conducted for biogas, engine oil and the condensate generated during biogas dewatering. It was found that the content of individual elements in samples collected from the same part of the gas engine but sourced from various landfills vary. The occurrence of elements in deposits, e.g., Mg, Zn, P and Cr, depends on the location of sampling sites and the type of engine. It was also observed that the deposits formed in parts that come into contact with both biogas and engine oil contain Ca or Zn, which can be related to biogas pollutants as well as different oil additives. The presence of Al, Fe, Cu, Cr, Sn or Pb in selected motor oil samples can be explained by the penetration of metallic abrasives, which confirms the abrasive properties of the formed deposits. The analysis of the characteristic deposits may contribute to the selection of an appropriate landfill biogas purification technology, thus reducing the operating costs of energy cogeneration systems. Finally, we highlight challenges for biogas purification processes and anticipate the direction of future work.
12
Šalčiūnaitė, Brigita, and Ingrida Pliopaitė-Bataitienė. "FORECAST OF BIOGAS GENERATION IN LITHUANIAN REGIONAL LAND FILLS / LIETUVOS REGIONINIUOSE SĄVARTYNUOSE SUSIDARANČIO BIODUJŲ KIEKIO PROGNOZĖ." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 4 (September 29, 2015): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The amount of generated waste in Lithuania ranges from 35,000 tons to 261,865 tons per year. 35% of this quantity is biodegradable waste – i.e. about 27,830 tons/year. 75% of municipal waste in Lithuania is disposed in landfills. Such management of municipal waste is dangerous because of environmental pollution with the biogas and leachate, increased global greenhouse effect, and so on. From 1 ton of landfill waste it is possible to get about 10 m3 of landfill gas, after using it 13 kWh and 50 kWh of thermal energy could be made. There was presented in this article the estimated amount of biogas produced by Lithuanian regional landfills each separately and all co-production of biogas from landfills potential Lithuania, using the software LandGEM. Total volume of gas liberated in landfills ranges from 7.8 × 106 to 5.8 × 107 m3/year of methane and carbon dioxide in an amount ranging from 3.9 × 106 to 2.9 × 107 m3/year. Minimum quantities of biogas generated in Tauragės regional landfill – 7.8 × 106 m3/year, and the highest – Kaunas regional landfill – 5.8 × 107 m3/year. From the generated biogass it would be possible to yield 2,145 × 108 kWh of electricity and 8.25 × 108 kWh of thermal energy. Susidarančių per metus komunalinių atliekų kiekis Lietuvoje svyruoja nuo 35 000 t iki 261 865 t, o iš visų komunalinių atliekų vidutiniškai 35 % yra biologiškai skaidžių atliekų – t. y. apie 27 830 t/metus. Lietuvoje tvarkant komunalines atliekas net 75 % atliekų yra šalinama sąvartynuose. Taip komunalines atliekas tvarkyti pavojinga dėl galimos aplinkos taršos susidarančiomis biodujomis bei filtratu, stiprėjančio globalinio šiltnamio efekto ir pan. Per metus iš 1 t sąvartyno atliekų susidaro apie 10 m3 sąvartyno dujų, iš kurių būtų galima pasigaminti 13 kWh elektros energijos ir 50 kWh šilumos energijos. Taikant programinę įrangą LandGEM straipsnyje įvertintas susidarantis biodujų kiekis Lietuvos regioniniuose sąvartynuose atskirai kiekviename ir bendrai visas biodujų gavybos iš sąvartynų potencialas Lietuvoje. Sąvartynuose išsiskyrusių dujų kiekis svyruoja nuo 7,8.106 iki 5,8.107 m3/metus, o metano ir anglies dioksido dujų kiekis svyruoja nuo 3,9.106 iki 2,9.107 m3/metus. Mažiausi biodujų kiekiai susidaro Tauragės regioniniame sąvartyne – 7,8.106 m3/metus, o didžiausi – Kauno regioniniame sąvartyne – 5,8.107 m3/metus. Iš susidariusių biodujų būtų galima išgauti 2,145.108 kWh elektros energijos ir 8,25.108 kWh šilumos energijos.
13
Boskovic, Goran, Mladen Josijevic, Nebojsa Jovicic, and Milun Babic. "Co-generation potentials of municipal solid waste landfills in Serbia." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150626063b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Waste management in the Republic of Serbia is based on landfilling. As a result of such year-long practice, a huge number of municipal waste landfills has been created where landfill gas has been generated. Landfill gas, which is essentially methane (50-55%) and carbon dioxide (40-45%) (both GHGs), has a great environmental impact which can be reduced by using landfill gas in cogeneration plants to produce energy. The aim of this paper is to determine economic and environmental benefits from such energy production. For that purpose, the database of cogeneration potentials (CP) of 51 landfills in the Republic of Serbia (RS) was created. Amount of landfill gas generated at each municipal landfill was calculated by applying a first order decay equation which requires the data about solid waste production and composition and about some landfill characteristics. For all landfills, which have over 100,000 m3 each, a techno-economic analysis about building a CHP plant was conducted. The results have shown, that the total investment in 14 CHP plants with payback period of less than 7 years amounts ? 11,721,288. The total nominal power of these plants is 7 MW of electrical power and 7.9 MW of thermal power, and an average payback period is about 61 months. In addition, using landfill biogas as energy source in proposed plants would reduce methane emission for 161,000 tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
14
Hebda, Kamil, and Grzegorz Kołodziejak. "Dynamic testing of the efficiency of degassing wells as a tool/means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from landfills." Nafta-Gaz 78, no. 9 (September 2022): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2022.09.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article was written as a continuation of the research on degassing wells in terms of their gas productivity in a landfill. Waste is one of the most serious threats to the environment. The term ‘waste’ means ‘any substance or object which the holder discards, he intends to get rid of, or which he has been required to get rid of’. The European Union, with the aim of ensuring a high quality of life and health of people through effective environmental protection, imposes on Poland very restrictive guidelines in the field of waste management. These guidelines include: waste prevention, preparation for re-use, recycling, other recovery methods, disposal. The waste goes to landfills, where it is collected. Landfills pose a very high threat to the natural environment because they emit pollutants into the atmosphere. The greatest threat is related to the organic matter contained in municipal waste, which during decomposition emits greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4. The amount of emitted gas can be reduced by equipping the landfill with a special installation for the production of landfill gas (biogas). Biogas is one of the alternative energy sources that can be used to produce electricity and heat. However, the installation itself is not enough, and the landfill must also be rationally managed to support biogas production. Within the mass of waste, optimal conditions should be created for the methanogenesis process to take place. Compacting or pouring waste into layers of earth may serve as examples. Both of these processes reduce the oxygen content in the stored material. However, the content of the organic fraction in the deposited waste has the most pronounced influence on the production of biogas. The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of degassing wells carried out in one of the active municipal landfills which was established in 2009. Five degassing wells located in different parts of the dump’s canopy were subjected to our measurements.
15
Mozzhegorova, Yu V., N. N. Slyusar, and Yu I. Pirogova. "Perm National Research Polytechnic Assessment of the Landfill Gas Treatment System at the Kuchino MSW Landfill." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-7-56-62.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problems of landfill gas collection and treatment at municipal solid waste landfills are considered. The analysis of the main methods of landfill gas treatment and use is carried out. The characteristic of the gas collection system used at the Kuchino MSW landfill is presented. Installation of a landfill gas treatment system on a flare at the stage of landfill closing will reduce methane emissions by 65 % in comparison with a landfill not equipped with such a system, and the fee for negative impact on environmental objects will decrease by 30 %. Based on the analysis of monitoring studies of landfill biogas emissions from the Kuchino MSW landfill, a decrease in the concentration of pollutants in the landfill gas after its treatment to the MPC level and below was established.
16
Rashkevich, N. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTROL ALGORITHM OF THE METHODOLOGY OF EMERGENCY PREVENTION ON LANDFILL WITH LIQUIDATION ENERGY-INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (July 1, 2020): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-188-194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Landfills taking into account current trends in the placement of innovative liquidation technologies on their territory with a variety of energy-intensive technological equipment pose an additional technogenic danger. This requires a set of measures to prevent emergencies of the cascade type of distribution, due to the shift of the slope of the waste masses with the subsequent explosion of biogas. Analysis of existing approaches to modeling the conditions of solid waste landfills proves the lack of comprehensive studies to assess the effectiveness of solid waste landfills in the case of the introduction of additional technological energy-intensive technological equipment. In the course of the work the author considers the physical conditions of emergency prevention at the landfill in the conditions of a separate task of involving liquidation energy-intensive technological equipment. Depending on the location of the specified equipment in relation to the landfill, emergencies of cascade type may occur due to the shift of waste masses with the subsequent explosion of biogas. In the course of the work the author developed a control algorithm for the implementation of a mathematical model of cascade type emergency prevention at solid waste landfills with liquidation energy-intensive technological equipment due to loss of stability of the slope of the waste array to landslide followed by biogas explosion. The control algorithm consists of 18 analytical blocks, which are located on two levels and are interconnected by direct and feedback. In order to further practical application of the control algorithm, it is necessary to develop an appropriate methodology, the implementation of which should effectively counteract the emergency situation with priority consequences, such as the number of victims, the number of deaths, the number of people with impaired living conditions. Keywords: landfill, emergency prevention, liquidation energy-intensive technological equipment, explosion, landslide
17
Масликов, V. Maslikov, Чусов, A. Chusov, Молодцов, and D. Molodtsov. "Researches of Biogas Composition on Landfill." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A practical experience related to execution of work on landfills in order to obtain information on spatial distribution of
biogas’s main components in different areas of waste disposal for landfill site zoning depending on biogas saturation
degree, for energy potential assessment and creation of degassing systems for justification of remediation has been
considered in this paper.
18
Schirmer, Waldir Nagel, and Maria Isabel Coltro Crovador. "ENERGY GENERATION FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF BIOGAS RECOVERY IN BRAZIL." Revista CIATEC-UPF 8, no. 1 (June 10, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5335/ciatec.v1i8.5259.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The landfill is a method of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) widely employed all over the world, mainly in developing countries. The biogas released from landfills raises environmental concerns, as it contributes to the greenhouse effect, due to its high content of methane and carbon dioxide, and in relation to the potential damage to health caused to the surrounding populations of these areas. However, biogas has a great energy potential, representing economic and environmental advantages, making the waste disposal in landfills more sustainable in relation to these economic and environmental aspects. In Brazil, few landfills are technically prepared in recovering energy from biogas, which may be encouraged by the new Solid Waste National Policy, which aims to fit the landfills to the technical criteria of engineering, as well as to provide appropriate instructions on the waste management throughout its life cycle. The present review deals with the process of biogas generation based on municipal solid waste and some techniques that provide quantitative data on the biogas emission, and also the current scenario in Brazil related to the energy recovery from such source of bioenergy and its future potentialities.
19
Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, and Eduardo Cassiraga. "BIOLEACH: A New Decision Support Model for the Real-Time Management of Municipal Solid Waste Bioreactor Landfills." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper introduces BIOLEACH, a new decision support model for the real-time management of municipal solid waste bioreactor landfills that allows estimating the leachate and biogas production. Leachate production is estimated using an adaptation of the water balance equation which considers every hydrological component and the water consumed by anaerobic organic matter degradation to create biogas and the leachate recirculation flows pumped from the landfill pond under a bioreactor management scheme. Landfill gas production is estimated considering the leachate formation process as a coupled effect through the production or consumption of water. BIOLEACH uses waste production and climate data at monthly scale and computes leachate production accounting for the actual conditions inside the waste mass. Biogas production is computed simultaneously, considering the available water to adjust the chemical organic matter biodegradation. BIOLEACH is a valuable bioreactor managing tool as it allows calculating the recirculation volume of leachate that ensures optimal moisture conditions inside the waste mass and therefore maximizing biogas production. As an illustrative example of a BIOLEACH application, the model has been applied to a real landfill located in Murcia Region (Spain) showing the economic and environmental benefits derived from leachate superficial recirculation.
20
Souza, Tatiane Leticia De Carvalho, André Luiz Marques Rocha, and Daniel Brianezi. "Energy potential and economic feasibility of biogas: case study of a landfill in Minas Gerais, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 56, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 643–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The final disposal of solid waste in landfills may result in the production of a clean and renewable energy through the exploitation of biogas generated in these locations. This study aims to estimate the methane production in a landfill, with a total population of 237,298 inhabitants, and a total generation of waste of 83,561.78 ton/year, in the last year of operation, located in the state of Minas Gerais and evaluate the economic feasibility of a biogas exploitation project in this place, for electrical energy generation. The methane production was estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, obtaining the maximum methane production value of 6,692,590 mÑ in the last year of operation of the landfill. For economic feasibility analysis, the tools, such as net present value, discounted payback, and internal rate of return, were used with values of R$ 1,323,684.90 for 8 years, 4 months, and 12 days, and 9% per annum, respectively, demonstrating that the implementation of the project for the use of biogas at the landfill was viable, with positive economic return.
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Di Trapani, D., G. Mannina, S. Nicosia, and G. Viviani. "Biogas from municipal solid waste landfills: a simplified mathematical model." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 10 (April 26, 2018): 2426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills now represent one of the most important issues related to the waste management cycle. Knowledge of biogas production is a key aspect for the proper exploitation of this energy source, even in the post-closure period. In the present study, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the simulation of biogas production. The model is based on first-order biodegradation kinetics and also takes into account the temperature variation in time and depth as well as landfill settlement. The model was applied to an operating landfill located in Sicily, in Italy, and the first results obtained are promising. Indeed, the results showed a good fit between measured and simulated data. Based on these promising results, the model can also be considered a useful tool for landfill operators for a reliable estimate of the duration of the post-closure period.
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Popovych, V. "DEPENDENCE OF THE ENZYME ACTIVITY OF CATALASE ON THE STARCH CONTENT IN RUDERAL VEGETATION OF LANDFILS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Catalase is concentrated in plant tissues. It is one of the most active enzymes. This enzyme was identified in microbodies (peroxisomes) involved in the photosynthesis. Its role is to provide with oxygen the parts of plant tissues that have complicated access to oxygen. Catalase also affects the development of relations between the plant and pathogenic micromycetes. The plants lesion with toxic gases, salts, micromycetes, climatological factors, and bacteria cause an increase in the generation of active forms of oxygen. Catalase, in contrast to peroxidase, does not require a reductive substrate for activity. The higher is the catalase activity, the gas-resistance of the plants increases. Low catalase activity indicates a small adaptive capacity of plants to severe environmental conditions.
The antioxidant enzymes of peroxidase and catalase can be a biochemical markers for the stress state of plants. Enzymes detection is an extremely complex analytical task, therefore during ecological monitoring not the emzymes presence is determined but the level of their activity in relation to the rate of reaction they catalyze. For environmental safety the investigation of catalase activity in landfills is extremely relevant.
Purpose. The purpose of the work is to investigate the enzyme activity of catalase in the vegetation of landfils depending on the environment.
Methods. Physiological, chemical methods and methods of logistic constructions are used in this paper.
Results. In order to determine the counteraction of landfill plants to drought, we determined the level of starch in their body. The plants of different species growing on the surface and at the foot of the landfill, and at a distance of 300 m from the foot (control sample) were compared. Based on the research of starch content it has been established that the most drought-resistant species growing on the landfill and in surrounding area are city goosefoot, the wormwood and absinthium. Great bur and greater plantain are tended to low starch accumulation. According to the indicators of drought tolerance, the most unfavorable location for vegetation is the foot of landfills. The most important negative factor at the foot of the landfill is the drainage from the landfill and the evaporation of the filtration water. The drought tolerance of plants and catalase enzyme activity depending on their location are mutually influential. Using a correlation analysis, it was found that the level of starch in vegetation on the surface of the landfill does not affect the catalase activity of the investigated vegetation (the correlation coefficient is low and equals 0.35). It is caused by the low level of toxicants in edaphotopes and air, and as a consequence, by a low impact on biota. The results of research of catalase enzyme activity in ruderal vegetation of landfills are presented. The highest catalase activity has city goosefoot. The lowest catalase activity has a great bur and greater plantain. The most unfavorable for vegetation development is the foot of landfill. It has been established that the catalase activity depends on the content of starch in rhizomes. The higher is the level of starch, the more the plant counteracts the hazardous factors of landfills.
Conclusions. During investigation of the catalase enzyme activity of ruderal vegetation in different areas of landfills, it was established that its level depends on the content of starch in rhizomes. The higher the level of starch, the more the plant counteracts the deleterious factors of landfills (drought, combustion products, micromycetes activity, toxic gases of wastes breakdown, activity of pathogenic microorganisms). The results of investigation of the catalase activity of vegetation in landfills can be used in planning the biological phase of reclamation and phytomelioration of landfills.
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Pasternak, Grzegorz, Janina Zaczek-Peplinska, Klaudia Pasternak, Jacek Jóźwiak, Mariusz Pasik, Eugeniusz Koda, and Magdalena Daria Vaverková. "Surface Monitoring of an MSW Landfill Based on Linear and Angular Measurements, TLS, and LIDAR UAV." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface monitoring of landfills is crucial not only during their operation but also for later land restoration and development. Measurements concern environmental factors, such as leachate, migration of pollutants to water, biogas, and atmospheric emissions, and geotechnical factors, such as stability and subsidence. Landfill subsidence can be measured using modern surveying techniques. Modern measurement methods for landfill body displacement monitoring and their control after restoration and adaptation as recreational areas include terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and scanning and low-altitude photogrammetric measurements from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The acquired measurement data in the form of 3D point clouds should be referenced to the local control network to enable a comprehensive analysis of data acquired using various techniques, including geotechnical sensors such as benchmarks, piezometers, and inclinometers. This study discusses the need for surface monitoring of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. A properly 3-D mapped landfill mass is the basis for ensuring the geotechnical safety of the restored landfill. Based on archival data and current measurements of the Radiowo landfill (Poland), this study compares the advantages and limitations of the following measurement techniques: linear and angular measurements, satellite measurements, TLS, and UAV scanning and photogrammetry, considering specific conditions of the location and vegetation of the landfill. Solutions for long-term monitoring were proposed, considering the cost and time resolution necessary for creating a differential model of landfill geometry changes.
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Trubaev, Pavel. "Evaluation of the energy potential of landfill gas." Energy Systems 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/es.2021.1.009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the work was to compare the potential of biogas generation at MSW landfills, determined by the most commonly used methods, and to determine the energy potential of landfill gas in the country's energy system, provided that it is fully used to generate electricity. Based on the equation of the chemical reaction of biogas formation, equations are proposed for calculating the specific yield of biogas components from 1 kg of waste and their shares in volume percent. Calculations according to the proposed formulas showed that the yield of biogas from a ton of waste for Russian MSW, the composition of which is accepted from different sources, varies significantly, from 312 to 433 m3. The composition of biogas changes little, and the theoretical content of methane in it ranges from 53% to 57%. The yield and composition of biogas was estimated using the Tabasaran-Rettenberger equation, LandGEM, DOD (IPCC), CLEEN models and Russian regulatory methods. The average total biogas yield was 195 m3/t waste with a variation coefficient of 38%, the average methane yield was 95 m3/t waste with a variation coefficient of 46%, and the average calorific value of biogas, related to 1 ton of waste from which it was formed, was 3 400 MJ/t of waste with a coefficient of variation of 44%. With a conversion efficiency of 39%, landfill gas from 1 ton of waste can generate 368 kWh of electricity. The total volume of municipal solid waste in Russia, subject to the full collection and use of biogas, makes it possible to generate 22.1 billion kWh of electricity, which is about 2% of the total energy consumption in the country. For a number of countries, the energy potential of landfill gas ranged from 0.05% (China) to 4.5% (Spain). Thus, landfill gas is a significant source of electricity in the overall energy balance.
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Abu-Qdais, Hani A., Ziad Al-Ghazawi, and Abdallah Awawdeh. "Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energetic Potential from Solid Waste Landfills in Jordan: A Comparative Modelling Analysis." Water 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Landfilling of solid waste has been and continues to be among the most common practices of solid waste disposal. This is particularly true for Jordan, where approximately 3.3 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) is annually generated, with 90% of the generated amount disposed into landfills. The main objective of this study is to estimate the quantities of landfill gas (LFG) generated from the solid waste disposal and its potential as a source of clean energy in Jordan using four different models, namely, GasSim 2.5, LandGEM, Afvalzorg, and Mexico Landfill Gas Model V2 (MLFGM V2). Furthermore, the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of LFG projects was estimated. Currently, there are 18 active landfills that are distributed across the country. Based on screening criteria, the landfills were grouped into three categories: five landfills were considered for energy production, four were strong candidates for LFG collection and flaring, while the remaining nine landfills do not receive enough waste to be considered for either energy recovery or flaring. The total amount of LFG emissions was found to be 1.6 billion M3 of LFG, while the landfill energetic potential of the recovered LFG was estimated to be 34.8 MW. On the other hand, GHG mitigation potential was assessed between the years 2020 and 2030, which was found to be 18 million ton CO2 eq. The proposed LFG energy recovery projects will lead to increased biogas contribution to Jordan’s local renewable energy mix from a current level of 1% to 6%.
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Cabrera, S., and A. Guevara. "Landfill Gas Generation and Utilisation (Case study: Chasinato Landfill. Ambato, Ecuador)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The landfill is a final disposal technique to confine solid waste, it has big potency as renewable energy source since it generates biogas from organic waste degradation process which can be used for cogeneration plants. The purposes are to quantify the gas production potential of landfilled refuse and to suggest alternatives to use energy from Landfill gas generated. In 2020, the volume of solid waste disposed to Chasinato Landfill reached 250.61 tons per day, with 41.03% of organic waste. Landfill gas (LFG) generated was evaluated using LandGEM and Ecuador LFG model, which was modified applying methane rates obtained with on site experimental measures. It was projected to obtain 365.40 cubic meters per hour in 2021, and 522.33 cubic meters per hour in 2029. The available power from recovered LFG reach: 820 kW in 2021 and 1,180 kW in 2029. Finally, the biogas generated reduces the impact related to global warming and would contribute cogeneration in low scale with electric energy and useful heat.
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Raco, B., E. Dotsika, D. Psomiadis, M. Doveri, M. Lelli, N. Zisi, K. Papakonstantinou, and A. Lazaridis. "GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AQUIFER POLLUTION FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT. THE CASE OF KOMOTINI LANDFILL (GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to European legislation, environmental control and monitoring of landfills has become of crucial importance. This study includes a thorough geochemical approach aiming to evaluate the environmental impact of the landfill of Komotini, N. Greece. Samples of waters were taken from inside the working landfill as well as from the area of the neighbouring old landfill. The waters were analyzed chemically (major elements and heavy metals) and isotopically (D and 18O). Also, biogas flow was measured and the ratio CH4/CO2. Based on the geomorphological, hydrogeological and land use data of the area, we proceeded to analyses of waters both from the area of the landfill and from the wider region (drainage basin). The obtained results were used to construct digital maps (GIS) in order to determine the special dispersion of the polluted aquifers. The biogas flow in the old and new garbage burial sites was measured by accumulation chamber device for methane and carbon dioxide ratio determination. The obtained results show an important agent of pollution in the water samples downstream from the landfill and in a distance more than 2km, along the dispersion of the leachate. The land use of the area was taken into account to evaluate the importance and the criticality of the situation.
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Lopes, Gustavo Aiex, Thiago Simonato Mozer, and Ana Alice de Carli. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOGAS GENERATION FOR THE SOLID WASTE SECTOR USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE WITH THE BRAZILIAN MODEL OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN AREAS WITH NO OPERATIONAL HISTORY." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 24, no. 1 (March 2018): 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702018000100008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The city of Volta Redonda, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, has a controlled landfill of municipal solid waste (MSW) which was partially recovered in 2008. This disposal site has no data on the amount of waste volume landfilled. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to capture images of the study area and through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) the biogas generation was determined. By overlaying the georeferenced images the contour lines were determined which enabled the creation of the 3D Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area with a resolution of 0.296349 m / pix. The DTM provided the determination of the volume of waste landfilled (535.755,79 m3) and the real surface area (36.770,96 m2) of the controlled landfill. These parameters allowed obtainment the maximum flow rate of methane generation of 16.539,82 m3 for 2007. The Brazilian model used to determination biogas generation in waste sector achieve a maximum flow rate of methane generation of 126.599,4 m3 for the year 2007. A significant difference between biogas generation in the two models was observed mainly due to the amount of waste determined in both models.
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Elmer, Kathryn D., Melanie B. Greenwald, and Erik E. Johnson. "Examining the Effects of Covered Landfills on Gas Emissions in Parc Baldwin, Montreal." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 12, no. 1 (April 9, 2017): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v12i1.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Within recent years, parks built on top of former landfills have come under scrutiny for their effectiveness at mitigating the effects of the landfill underneath. The purpose of this study is to identify the biogas emissions of converted landfills nearly a century after landfill closure. Methods: Soil and air emissions for methane and carbon dioxide were collected at 112 sites within the North and South portions of Parc Baldwin in Montreal, Quebec, as well as the presumed boundaries of the former landfill. Results: Overall, it was found that South Baldwin and the immediate area (previously a landfill) had a higher mean average methane concentration, as well as a greater number of sites with methane present than North Baldwin. Particular raised areas in South Baldwin showed anomalously high carbon dioxide concentrations. There was a large degree of heterogeneity between emissions at different sites. Limitations: The Eagle 2 machine is limited to measuring only up to 5,000 ppm or 0.5% volume. Another difficulty with the variation in collection of the data is the differences in collection dates. Conclusions: Ultimately, while South Baldwin did have higher CO2 and methane emissions compared to its counterpart, it is inconclusive whether or not this phenomenon is related to the landfill or other factors. Gas concentrations were significantly below the lower explosive limit in both parks.
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Wiharyanto, Oktiawan, Sutrisno Endro, and Hadiwidodo Mochtar. "Performance of Semi-Aerobic Solid Waste Bioreactor in relation to Decomposition Process and Biogas Production." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill in Semarang City can reach up to 4000 m3/day. The composition of solid waste consists of 61.95% of organic waste and 38.05% of inorganic waste. The environmental impacts of solid waste can be reduced using bioreactor methods which being able to accelerate the solid waste decomposition. Large amount of solid waste which is sent to Jatibarang landfill certainly has great potential to environment pollution. Therefore, a technology such as landfill bioreactor is needed to speed up the decomposition process of organic solid waste. Landfill bioreactors are characterized using a range of technologies in order to create an suitable environment for degradation processes. In this study four bioreactors simulated landfills that consist of hybrid bioreactors and anaerobic control bioreactors. The result shows that hybrid bioreactor has increases the decomposition process of organic solid waste. The hybrid bioreactor also produce more methane in subsequent anaerobes.
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Ciuła, Józef, Violetta Kozik, Agnieszka Generowicz, Krzysztof Gaska, Andrzej Bak, Marlena Paździor, and Krzysztof Barbusiński. "Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An attempt was made to estimate the annual production of CH4 at a municipal waste landfill site in Poland. As a matter of fact, the extent of the unorganized emission of CH4 from the landfill surface was approached based on the adopted mathematical model. The Ward agglomeration method for cluster analysis and the Pearson coefficient were employed to evaluate the distance-based similarity measure and to optimize methods for estimating methane emissions from a landfill as well as to verify the input parameters for the model. In order to calculate the content of biodegradable organic parts in the waste, morphological tests of the landfilled waste were performed. Physical quantities, measurements and the actual amount of the landfilled waste as well as the volume of CH4 neutralized in a collective flare were implemented in the model, respectively. The model-based findings and experimental outcome demonstrated stable gas production in the landfill with a high CH4 content. On the other hand, a rather low efficiency of the landfill passive degassing installation indicated the necessity to design and develop its active counterpart with the prospective application of the generated biogas for energy production in a cogeneration system.
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Dyer, Anneliese, Amelia Christine Miller, Brianna Chandra, Juan Galindo Maza, Carley Tran, Justin Bates, Vicky Olivier, and Amy R. Tuininga. "The Feasibility of Renewable Natural Gas in New Jersey." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With traditional natural gas being one of the top options for heating in the United States and the present threat of climate change, there is a demand for an alternative clean fuel source. A Renewable Natural Gas Implementation Decision-Making Conceptual Model was created to provide a framework for considering the feasibility of renewable natural gas (RNG) projects and applied to New Jersey, specifically investigating landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Data from the US EPA’s Landfill Methane Outreach Program and New Jersey’s Department of Environmental Protection Sewage Sludge databases were used to identify seven landfills and 22 WWTPs as possible locations for RNG projects. Landfills were found to have a higher potential for producing RNG, on average potentially producing enough RNG to heat 12,792 homes per year versus 1227 for the average WWTP. Additionally, landfills, while having higher capital expenses, have lower projected payback periods, averaging 5.19 years compared to WWTP’s 11.78 years. WWTPs, however, generally are located closer to existing natural gas pipelines than landfills and when they produce more than 362 million standard cubic feet per year (MMSCFY) of biogas are financially feasible. RNG projects at Monmouth County Reclamation Center, Ocean County Landfill, and Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission WWTP show the greatest potential. Greenhouse gas emission reductions from RNG projects at these facilities utilizing all available biogas would be 1.628 million metric tons CO2 equivalents per year, synonymous to removing over 351,000 passenger vehicles from the road each year. In addition, expanding federal and state incentives to encompass RNG as a heating fuel is necessary to reduce financial barriers to RNG projects throughout the US. Overall, this paper supports the hypothesized conceptual model in examining the feasibility of RNG projects through examples from New Jersey and confirms the potential for RNG production utilizing existing waste streams.
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Maslikov, Vladimir, Ekaterina Negulyaeva, Alexey Cheremisin, Alexander Chusov, Dmitry Molodtsov, and Alexander Stroganov. "Experimental Assessment of Biogas and Leachate Emissions from MSW Landfills for Energy Reclamation with the Aim of Sustainable Urban Development." Materials Science Forum 871 (September 2016): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.871.199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article discusses the organization and the results of the laboratory-scale experiments in bioreactors with samples of municipal solid waste (MSW) for assessment of biogas potential and leachate emissions for MSW landfills energy reclamation with the aim of sustainable urban development. The procedure of organization and carrying out laboratory experiments on MSW decomposition in bioreactors providing similarity to MSW landfill conditions was approved using equipment meeting the international requirements.
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Kovrigin, Artur A., and Mikhail Yu Slesarev. "A change model of the hydraulic characteristics of the territory occupied by the landfill of solid industrial and domestic waste." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2021): 770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.6.770-780.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. A landfill of solid industrial and domestic waste (LSIDW) is a source of negative impact on the environment. Although landfills have coverings, and they are equipped with engineering systems designated for the capturing and treatment of the biogas, LSIDW landfills still have a negative impact on subsurface and surface waters due to the spread of leachate. The purpose of this work is to obtain predictive data on changes in the hydrogeological characteristics of the territory of Salaryevo landfill, and to develop a simulation model to assess the application of technical solutions in the course of the landfill reclamation.
Materials and methods. Processing Modflow is the software designated for the 3D modeling of filtration and transportation of pollutants. An engineering report based on the engineering and environmental surveys, performed by JSC MosvodokanalNIIproekt in the Salaryevo landfill and its environs in 2017, served as the input data designated for a simulation model.
Results. Processing Modflow software allowed to consider three options of cutoff walls, tailored to this landfill. The installation of cutoff walls on the east and west sides of the landfill, to be performed with regard for the sorption function of the cutoff walls, is the most effective solution. The results have shown that the cutoff walls, installed to prevent the leachate from seeping, can potentially reduce the area, exposed to the impact, by 500 m.
Conclusions. It is recommended to install a cutoff wall in the west and a sorption curtain in the east in the course of recultivating Salaryevo landfill; this solution will ensure the containment of the leachate inside the landfill and prevent its spreading.
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Chagas Bezerra, Francisco Edmar, and Auzuir Ripardo De Alexandria. "Biomethane Generation Produced in Municipal Landfill." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas emerged as a renewable technology that converts waste organic matter into energy. Among its components, in terms of energy, methane is the most important chemical composition, particularly for the combustion process in vehicle engines. The use of methane derived from organic matter residues in landfills to replace fossil fuel minimizes the environmental impact, providing a significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse effect gases,as does the use of the amount of urban waste generated by the population in a planned way, with a specific technological focus at the forefront of generating solutions for ecological, social, economic and management challenges, which are themes that characterize smart cities. Thus, this study is based on the investigation and analysis of the potential of biogas generated by the theMunicipal Landfill West of Caucaia (MLWC - AterroSanitário Municipal Oeste de Caucaia/CE (ASMOC))with the objective of estimating the amount of methane gas produced in the referred landfill, based on data already published related to the amount of solid waste disposed at the landfill and applying it in the Biogas - Energy Generation and Use Aterro(version 1.0) software, developed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (ECSSP - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB)).As main outcomes, it was found that the landfill can generate, between the years 2018 to 2034, more than 3 million m³of CH4, capable of supplying more than 201,362 vehicles fuel.
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MOREIRA, Cesar Augusto, Lívia Portes Innocente HELENE, Fernanda CAVALLARI, Leonardo Paioli CARRAZZA, and João Carlos DOURADO. "ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL INFLUENCE IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND VARIATIONS IN THE SELF-POTENTIAL IN A LANDFILL." Geosciences = Geociências 36, no. 3 (October 13, 2017): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v36i3.11730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas is a chemical compound rich in methane, generated by the degradation of organic matter, flammable power and applicable to energy generation. Landfills are areas with great potential for biogas generation due to the large amount of organic matter contained in solid domestic waste. The sizing and design of projects to capture and generate energy in landfills depend on reliable estimates of future generation of biogas. The currently available models are deficient in many respects due to the exclusion of relevant factors in the biogas generation process. This paper presents the results of natural electric potential through geophysical logging technique, developed alongside gas drains located in areas with residues of different ages of landfill deposition, when accompanied by measures of biogas flow and rainfall, biweekly during 12 months. The key objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of the physical parameter to seasonal variations and its relation to the production of biogas. The results show that the availability of organic matter able to degradation was the main factor responsible for differences in biogas production between the drains examined, although there are variations in periods of drought or rain. The natural electric potential demonstrated proportional variations of biogas flow rates measured in drains with different ages, where the largest biogas flows are associated to more electronegative or more reducing areas
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Majewski, Kamil Artur. "The Reclamation of a Municipal Waste Landfill - Grudziądz Case Study." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Municipal landfills are one of the most human-transformed areas of nature, and the process of designing and building a landfill is one of the most difficult strategic issues within human clusters, in particular due to the requirements that a landfill should meet, including the method of its establishment and closure. The main aim of the article is to present a case study of one, currently reclaimed landfill, located in Grudziądz - a district town in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province - at Rataja Street, which was closed down in 1997. The discussion of this case was, in turn, an answer to the question about one of the possible methods of landfill reclamation. The article is based on the results of the author’s own research - both in terms of field work and archive searches. The discussion of this case served to illustrate how the reclamation was carried out, what technologies of biogas recovery were used and what the results of the checks were.
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Lykov, I. N., and E. V. Obolenskaya. "Geoecological and economic assessment of the municipal solid waste management system in the Kaluga region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 938, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/938/1/012013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The removal of solid household waste to landfills is the most commonly used method of solid waste disposal and an important source of environmental pollution. Physical, chemical and biochemical processes occur in the body of a solid waste dump, which overlap each other and form an artificial aquifer and biogas. This article provides a brief overview of the environmental problems associated with the practice of garbage disposal and the negative impact of the landfill on the environment. The data on the features of the functioning of the solid waste landfill in Kaluga, on the dynamics of waste generation and changes in their morphological composition are presented. The issues related to the economic problems of waste disposal are considered.
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Nozhevnikova, A. N., V. K. Nekrasova, V. S. Lebedev, and A. B. Lifshits. "Microbiological Processes in Landfills." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large landfills in the Soviet Union cover more than 140 thousand hectares. The gas emission intensities are extremely disproportional over the surface of these landfills. According to our data the rates of streams of the biogas components vary from 0 till 20, 46, 1.2 and 0.75 (×10−4m3 × hour −1/m2) for CH4, CO2, H2, CO, respectively. The stable carbon isotope composition of methane and carbon dioxide in the biogas of deep landfills layers is typical for methanogenesis from organic wastes, but it depends on the concentration of organic substance in the landfill ground and on the age of these landfills. In the upper layer methane becomes heavier and carbon dioxide lighter due to the microbiological oxidation processes. The most intensive methanogenesis is usually observed in the upper part of the anaerobic zone where the organic substance concentration is relatively high. The methanogenic microflora is represented by mesophilic methanobacteria, species of Methanosarcina and Methanobacterium genera are prevalent forms. At the depth of 10-100 cm from the surface intensive oxidation of methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide is observed. The number of gas oxidizing bacteria is up to 10 cells per gram of soil. 14 species of methane oxidizing bacteria, which belong to 5 genera were iden tified. Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria belong to Alcaligenes,Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, Mycobacteriun genera. Between them psychrotrophic forms were found. It has been shown that in small landfills methane, produced in anaerobic zone, can be oxidized completely in the upper ground layer. The biogas extraction from landfills is important not only as an additional fuel source, but as a means of preventing pollution of the Earth's atmosphere.
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McBean, Edward A. "Siloxanes in biogases from landfills and wastewater digesters." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 4 (April 2008): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-144.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Volatile methylsiloxanes and linear polydimethylsiloxanes (siloxanes), generated as components of biogases from digesters at wastewater treatment plants and solid waste landfills, have been identified as potentially causing significant operational problems. The problems are demonstrated as being an issue of “sand in the transmission” and are the reason for the changing of engine warrantees. Examples of monitored concentrations of siloxanes at a series of facilities are described, demonstrating degrees of variability both spatially and temporally, for different biogas sources. Wastewater digesters are shown to be generally producing biogases with higher siloxane concentrations than landfills. With a trend toward some landfills being operated as bioreactors, where the temperatures in the refuse are elevated to levels comparable to those within wastewater treatment digesters, there is potential that landfill-derived biogases may result in increased concentrations of siloxanes and hence more operating problems.
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Ma, Jing, Zhanbin Luo, Fu Chen, Qianlin Zhu, Shaoliang Zhang, and Gang-Jun Liu. "A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new environmental ban has forced the restructure of open dumps in China since 1 July 2011. A technical process was established in this study that is feasible for the upgrade of open dumps through restructuring. The feasibility of restructuring and the benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions were assessed according to field surveys of five landfills and four dumps in Nanjing. The results showed that the daily processing capacities of the existing landfills have been unable to meet the growth of municipal solid waste (MSW), making restructuring of the landfills imperative. According to an assessment of the technical process, only four sites in Nanjing were suitable for upgrading. Restructuring the Jiaozishan landfill effectively reduced the leachate generation rate by 5.84% under its scale when expanded by 60.7% in 2015. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 55,000–86,000 tons per year, in which biogas power generation replaced fossil fuels Fossil fuels accounted for the largest proportion, up to 45,000–60,000 tons. Photovoltaic power generation on the overlying land has not only reduced CO2 emissions to 26,000–30,000 tons per year but has also brought in continuing income from the sale of electricity. The funds are essential for developing countries such as China, which lack long-term financial support for landfill management after closure.
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Moreira, César, Marcus Castro, Ana Gonsalez, Fernanda Cavallari, Thais Munhoz, and Alice Pereira. "Comparative Analysis between Biogas Flow in Landfill and Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Rio Claro City, Brazil." Journal of Geological Research 2014 (November 26, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/845906.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The biogas originated from anaerobic degradation of organic matter in landfills consists basically in CH4, CO2, and H2O. The landfills represent an important depository of organic matter with high energetic potential in Brazil, although with inexpressive use in the present. The estimation of production of the productive rate of biogas represents one of the major difficulties of technical order to the planning of capture system for rational consumption of this resource. The applied geophysics consists in a set of methods and techniques with wide use in environmental and hydrogeological studies. The DC resistivity method is largely applied in environmental diagnosis of the contamination in soil and groundwater, due to the contrast of electrical properties frequent between contaminated areas and the natural environment. This paper aims to evaluate eventual relationships between biogas flows quantified in drains located in the landfill, with characteristic patterns of electrical resistivity in depth. The drain of higher flow (117 m3/h) in depth was characterized for values between 8000 Ω·m and 100.000 Ω·m, in contrast with values below 2000 Ω·m, which characterize in subsurface the drain with less flow (37 m3/h), besides intermediary flow and electrical resistivity values, attributed to the predominance of areas with accumulation or generation of biogas.
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Zhang, Lulu, and Peng Biao. "Review on Anaerobic Digestion and Disposal Technology of Solid Waste." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 8 (August 20, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i8.1640.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews the solid waste disposal technologies at home and abroad. Solid waste is rich in a large amount of organic matter. If discarded or landfilled, it will cause serious environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, landfill leachate emissions, pathogen transmission and groundwater pollution. Common disposal methods of solid waste include sanitary landfill, incineration, compost fermentation, anaerobic digestion, etc. Among them, anaerobic digestion technology is an economical and efficient solid biological treatment technology, which can not only realize the degradation of organic matter components in solid waste and the removal of toxic and harmful pollutants, but also obtain biogas to realize energy recovery.
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Liubarskaia, M. A., V. S. Merkusheva, and N. M. Luzin. "ISSUES OF EFFECTIVE USE OF LAND-FILLS’ LAND RESOURCES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE." ECONOMIC VECTOR 4, no. 27 (December 2021): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-2021-4-27-154-159.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is focused on the justification of the practicability of involvement of the re-sources from solid waste landfills in the eco-nomic circulation. A large number of landfills located on the territory of Russia have prac-tically exhausted their resources as waste disposal facilities; however, they can be used to obtain secondary energy resources even at the final stage of their life cycle. The optimization model presented by the authors makes it possible to develop an action plan for the phased creation of a biogas collection system based on the zoning of land plots and calculating the return on capital from their use. As an example, the landfill of solid waste "Severnaya Samarka" in the Lenin-grad region is considered.
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Shkileva, Anna. "Implementation of a Degassing System at the MSW Landfill." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aitolo-Akarnania prefecture, western Greece, is an area with strong earthquakes and large active fault systems. The most, the second half of the 20th century was characterized for the world community by the aggravation of the environmental problem. Anthropogenic pollution of the environment with the growth of industrial and agricultural production, the growth of cities, the size of the population, the volume of their consumption clearly indicates that the world community is on the brink of an abyss. The destruction of forests, pollution of water bodies, degradation of soil, flora and fauna, the emergence of new diseases clearly shows that if urgent and drastic measures are not taken to save the environment, the life of future generations is problematic. In Russia, as in other countries of the world, the amount of solid household waste has been sharply increasing lately. Therefore, their processing and disposal is becoming an increasingly urgent problem that requires the adoption of complex solutions. At the same time, overcrowded and smoking landfills, as well as formed unauthorized landfills are the main sources of environmental pollution. Landfills of solid municipal waste not only cause an epidemiological hazard, but due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, causing the formation of explosive biogas, become a powerful source of biological pollution. Biogas generated at MSW landfills in the process of decomposition has a toxic effect on living organisms, contributes to the outbreak of fires, and is a source of unpleasant odors. This problem must be solved by introducing a degassing system at municipal solid waste landfills already at the stage of their operation. The proposed degassing system at the MSW landfill is aimed at reducing the negative impact of biogas on the environment. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091706 Full Text: PDF
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Hebda, Kamil, and Grzegorz Kołodziejak. "Monitoring studni do produkcji biogazu na składowisku odpadów." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 10 (October 2021): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.10.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wraz z rozwojem cywilizacyjnym zapotrzebowanie na energię na świecie stale wzrasta. Energia pozyskiwana jest głównie z paliw kopalnych (węgiel, ropa naftowa, gaz ziemny), których zasoby powoli się wyczerpują lub których używanie ma szkodliwy wpływ na środowisko naturalne. Dlatego coraz większy udział w produkcji energii mają odnawialne źródła energii (OZE), których wykorzystywanie nie wiąże się z ich długoterminowym deficytem, ponieważ ich zasoby odnawiane są w krótkim czasie. Ponadto negatywny wpływ OZE na środowisko naturalne jest znikomy. Jako OZE wykorzystuje się głównie energię pozyskiwaną ze słońca, wiatru, wody i czasami geotermię, ale można użyć również biogazu powstającego na składowiskach odpadów. Gaz składowiskowy jest to palny gaz zaliczany do OZE, pozyskiwany z biomasy w wyniku beztlenowego rozkładu materii organicznej. Jego głównymi składnikami są metan oraz dwutlenek węgla. W celu pozyskania biogazu składowiska odpadów wyposaża się w instalacje umożliwiające jego odbiór – są to studnie wraz z orurowaniem. Udział metanu w gazie składowiskowym różni się w zależności od zawartości i składu frakcji organicznej, ale zwykle oscyluje w granicach 40–60%. Aby wspomóc produkcję gazu składowiskowego w masie odpadów, należy stworzyć optymalne warunki dla procesu metanogenezy. Przykładem może tu być kompaktowanie lub przesypywanie odpadów warstwami ziemi. Oba te procesy prowadzą do obniżenia zawartości tlenu w składowanym materiale. Największy wpływ na wytwarzanie biogazu ma jednak zawartość frakcji organicznej w składowanych odpadach. Po wprowadzeniu systemu segregacji odpadów ilość składowanej frakcji organicznej zdecydowanie się zmniejszyła, obniżając potencjał składowisk jako źródeł biogazu. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na jednym z czynnych składowisk odpadów komunalnych. Pomiary wykonano w pięciu studniach odgazowujących rozlokowanych w różnych częściach składowiska. Badania wykazały, że studnie znajdujące się w centralnej części składowiska, które zostały odpowiednio zabezpieczone oraz zlokalizowane są w odpadach o dużej zawartości frakcji organicznej, wykazują przypływ biogazu na dobrym poziomie.
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Okamura, L. A., A. C. Sakuma, B. J. Costa, C. Pilissao, J. D. Fontana, and P. R. Costa Neto. "Landfill biogas purification." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 17, no. 4 (2018): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2018.090970.
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al Ajlouni, Mohammad Fawzi, and Mohammed KHATTAB. "Solid wastes management, Biogas and compost generated from organic waste at Al-Akaider landfill in Jordan." Journal of Advanced Sciences and Engineering Technologies 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/jaset.05.01.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jordan has been facing a wide variety of sudden changes in humanitarian issues (population growth, industrialization rapid, urbanization process, influx of refugees to Jordan etc.). These unexpected changes forced people to make quick reactions to adapt and settle, which resulted in further generation of solid waste which normally was dumped in landfills and caused contamination of soil, water and air. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has been an integral part of every human society. Improper SWM accelerates natural resources degradation and has a great impact on climate change and the quality of life of citizens. Hence, in this paper, we highlight the environmental and health problems of the Al-Akaider landfill in Jordan. We propose a multi-pronged integrated approach to improve solid waste management at the Al Ekaider landfill. In keeping with this approach, a general action plan has been proposed that could be tailored to recycle Organic Waste (OW) to produce biogas and compost.
© 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
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Sandoval-Cobo, John, Diana Caicedo-Concha, Luis Marmolejo-Rebellón, Patricia Torres-Lozada, and Johann Fellner. "Evaluation of Leachate Recirculation as a Stabilisation Strategy for Landfills in Developing Countries." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study evaluated leachate recirculation (LR) as a stabilisation strategy for landfills using bioreactor experiments with excavated waste from a tropical landfill in Colombia. The experimental evaluation was performed in two 115 L bioreactors, one simulating the operation of a landfill with LR, Br2, where the leachate produced was recirculated at a rate of 0.8 L d−1, and a control system without LR, Br1. Both systems reached stabilisation indicator values on a dry matter (DM) basis for volatile solids VS (<25% DM) and a biochemical methane potential BMP (≤10 mL CH4 g−1 DM). Likewise, towards the end of the experiment, the leachate generated in Br2 reached stabilisation indicator values for BOD5 (<100 mg L−1) and the BOD (biological oxygen demand)/COD (chemical oxygen demand) ratio (<0.1). Although the stabilisation criterion for COD was not met in any bioreactor (<200 mg L−1), LR helped to release 19% more oxidisable organic matter in Br2 than in Br1, indicating a reduction in the contaminating potential of the waste in the case of uncontrolled discharges of leachate to the environment. Regarding biogas production, the generation of CH4 in Br2 was more intense and its cumulative production was 34.5% higher than Br1; thus, Br2 achieved CH4 emission rates, indicating waste stabilisation (<1.0 L CH4 m−2 h−1) sooner than Br1, showing an accelerating effect of LR on waste degradation. A carbon mass balance indicated that waste degradation, in terms of the initial total organic carbon mineralisation and the C gas discharge via CH4, was greater in Br2. These results demonstrate the LR potential to accelerate the stabilisation of a landfill but also to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in final disposal sites where biogas is also captured and utilised for energy production; a key aspect when improving the sustainability of landfill operations in developing countries.
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Antushevich, Anton Aleksandrovich, Polina Sergeevna Minakova, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zyazya, and Andrei Mikhailovich Poddubnyi. "The assessment of energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill." Вопросы безопасности, no. 5 (May 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2020.5.34738.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill in the town of Partizansk, Primorsky Krai. The landfill was launched in 1975. The landfill has a monsoon-type climate with warm, humid summers and cold winters with little amount of snow. The services are provided to 45,646 people. The morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) stored on the landfill consist of recyclable paper, glass, polymers, textiles, ferrous and nonferrous metal, food waste, etc. The authors provide a brief characteristics to the landfill; examine biogas yield, component composition of landfill gas, and average composition of biogas; determine specific density of biogas per year. The article calculates the maximum single and gross emissions of pollutants, average specific values of harmful emissions, annual and maximum single amount of landfill gas. Assessment is given to the theoretical energy value of municipal solid waste landfill. The energy capacity of municipal solid waste landfill and its economic efficiency are indicated. In the course of technical calculations, the number of nonrenewable energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas), which can be saved if replace energy carriers with landfill gas is determined. The analysis of using MSW as the renewable secondary energy resources demonstrates the growing role of this source in energy saving and capacity for reducing environmental pollution due to collection and disposal of biogas.