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Статті в журналах з теми "Landfill Bioga"
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Pohland, F. G., and B. Al-Yousfi. "Design and operation of landfills for optimum stabilization and biogas production." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most municipal landfills are constructed and operated with exposure to intermittent rainfall. Infiltration of rainfall, together with the inherent moisture content of landfilled wastes, promotes leachate production and accelerates rates of conversion of waste constituents. As these conversion processes proceed, waste stabilization occurs, leachate quality changes, and biogas is released in correspondence with the prevailing phase of stabilization. The intensities and temporal and spatial dimensions of these phases are waste-specific, a function of landfill design and operational strategy employed, and characterized by changes in physical, chemical and biological indicator parameters. Recognizing that most landfills exist as microbially mediated anaerobic waste conversion processes, with the sequential phases of acid formation and methane fermentation accounting for the majority of waste stabilization being accomplished, a fundamental understanding of these two principal phases of landfill stabilization is provided and used as a basis for developing guidance for controlled landfill design and operation. This guidance emphasizes optimization of stabilization efficiency, establishes cost-effective procedures for leachate management, and promotes regulated biogas production and utilization. To accommodate these objectives, the benefits of converting landfills into controlled bioreactor systems through regulated leachate generation, containment, collection, and in situ recirculation for accelerated waste stabilization and integrated biogas management are described, and opportunities for ultimate leachate disposal, biogas utilization and landfill reclamation are illustrated and compared to relative costs of other management options.
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Vourdoubas, John. "Possibilities of Using Landfill Biogas for Heating Agricultural Greenhouses in Crete-Greece." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 2 (February 21, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i2.9066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biogas is currently produced in Crete-Greece from the two existing landfills in the island, as well as from the sewage treatment plants in Chania and Heraklion. Biogas produced in the two treatment plants is already used for co-generation of heat and power. However, since the quantities of landfills biogas and its energy content are significant, it can be used in the future either for heat production or for heat and power generation. Generated power can be fed into the grid and the produced heat can be used from a heat consumer. Since large heat consumers are not located nearby the existing landfills, there is the possibility for the creation of agricultural greenhouses in the surrounding agricultural areas which can utilize the generated heat. Landfill in Heraklion has an average biogas production of 1.43x107 NM3/year, almost five times higher than the landfill in Chania and the totally recoverable biogas from the two landfills can generate 16.73 GWh/year of electricity, in the case of a CHP plant, and enough heat for heating 15.4 hectares of modern greenhouses. In the case of direct heat generation, recoverable landfill biogas can heat 24.41 hectares of modern greenhouses. Since the global warming potential of methane is much higher than CO2, energy exploitation of landfills biogas in Crete will result in environmental benefits compared with its direct emission to the atmosphere.
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Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, and María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. "Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas is formed under anaerobic conditions by decomposition of the organic matter present in waste. The estimation of biogas production, which depends fundamentally on the type of waste deposited in the landfill, is essential when designing the gas capture system and the possible generation of energy. BIOLEACH, a mathematical model for the real-time management of MSW landfills, enables the estimation of biogas generation based on the waste mix characteristics and the local meteorological conditions. This work studies the impact of installing selective organic matter collection systems on landfill biogas production. These systems reduce the content of food waste that will eventually be deposited in the landfill. Results obtained using BIOLEACH on a set of scenarios under real climate conditions in a real landfill located in the Region of Murcia (Spain) are shown. Results demonstrate that actual CH4 and CO2 production depends fundamentally on the monthly amount of waste stored in the landfill, its chemical composition and the availability and distribution of water inside the landfill mass.
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Porowska, Dorota. "Review of Research Methods for Assessing the Activity of a Municipal Landfill Based on the Landfill Gas Analysis." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.16476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate projection of gas generation from landfills poses numerous difficulties. One needs to select and use an appropriate method from among several available options, and consider local and individual conditions of a landfill. These aspects are crucial for the economic management of the landfill gas in new landfills, and for assessing the impact of the gas on soil-water environment in old landfills. This paper is aimed at reviewing the research methods that can be used to assess the activity of new municipal waste landfills currently in operation, and of old, closed landfills after reclamation. Landfill activity can be assessed using different models and analysis of the produced gas. The actual data on the investigated municipal landfill showed that the landfill activity can be accurately assessed based on the quantitative determination of biogas formation using the LandGEM method, and the analysis of gas phase variability in the landfill accounting for oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide share/presence. Each landfill is different and calls for an individual approach or methodological modifications.
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Tanda, Giovanni, Marco Balsi, Paolo Fallavollita, and Valter Chiarabini. "A UAV-Based Thermal-Imaging Approach for the Monitoring of Urban Landfills." Inventions 5, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions5040055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monitoring of waste disposal sites is important in order to minimize leakages of biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion and potentially explosive and detrimental to the environment. In this research, thermal imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to monitor urban landfills. Since the anaerobic decomposition produces heat along with biogas, thermal anomalies recorded over the soil are likely to be associated with local biogas escaping from the landfill terrain and leaving a local thermal print. A simple and novel approach, based only on the processing of thermal maps gathered by the remote sensing surveys, has been proposed for the estimation of the fugitive methane emissions from landfills. Two case studies, concerning two Italian landfills, have been presented. For one of them (Mount Scarpino, Genoa), significant thermal anomalies were identified during several UAV flights and the relevant thermal images processed to obtain a rough estimation of the associated methane leakages. For the second landfill (Scala Erre, Sassari), the thermal map did not reveal any anomaly attributable to local biogas emission. Despite some limitations outlined in the paper, the present approach is proposed as an innovative method to identify significant biogas leakages from an urban landfill and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the methane production potential.
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Koval, Viktor, Inesa Mikhno, Gabriela Hajduga, and Krzysztof Gaska. "Economic efficiency of biogas generation from food product waste." E3S Web of Conferences 100 (2019): 00039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910000039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of waste accumulation has become one of the global problems of humanity. In Ukraine, the main method of waste management is landfill depositing, which is unproductive and affects the ecosystem negatively. However, large landfill sites should be used to produce biogas, thereby reducing the environmental burden and the earned revenue should be used to introduce recycling and a gradual transition to a European waste management policy. The aim of our study was to investigate the state of waste recycling and the possibility of using waste landfills and food with lost consumptive qualities for biogas generation. To analyze the economic efficiency of the installation of biogas equipment in landfills and to investigate the current state of waste management in Ukraine. The research demonstrates that at present in Ukraine the problem of waste accumulation becomes actual. At the same time, the number of large waste landfills is increasing. It is proved that at landfills with an area of more than 50 hectares, the installation of biogas equipment is cost-effective, and the raw material can be distributed at the feed-in tariff, thus solving the energy problem.
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Zhazhkov, V. V., A. N. Chusov, and N. A. Politaeva. "Research and Assessment of Biogas Composition at the TKO Running and Recommendations for Its Use." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-5-4-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the main problems, namely the emission of biogas into the atmospheric air, during operation and after the closure of MSW landfills. Biogas, which contains methane, is considered not only as a strong greenhouse gas, but also as a valuable fuel that can be used as an energy resource. To assess the biogas potential at the operating landfill, field studies were carried out, which made it possible to determine the intensity and composition of gas emissions. The main points of landfill gas sampling at the landfill have been selected. Methods have been worked out and the equipment necessary for environmental monitoring at a real operating landfill has been selected. Using gas-geochemical surveys, environmental monitoring of biogas emissions from the MSW landfill was carried out at 49 sampling points. Coordinates in the WGS84 coordinate system, maps of the concentration distribution of the main components of biogas (methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen) were obtained at a depth of 50 cm from the surface of the landfill body. A zone recommended for drilling biogas wells was selected and recommendations were developed for installing a degassing station and using biogas as a source of electricity
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Мастрюков, B. Mastryukov, Блинова, and A. Blinova. "Explosion Hazard of Biogas Cloud Formed at Solid Waste Landfills." Safety in Technosphere 3, no. 6 (December 23, 2014): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6636.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of negative factors of solid waste (SW) landfills seldom includes explosion hazard of a biogas cloud formed by
degradation of organic part of waste. The article analyses dynamics of biogas generation depending on characteristics of
waste pre-sorting, gas-air cloud (GAC) distribution considering SW landfill lifetime, season and atmospheric stability class.
Deflagration explosion poses actual danger of buildings destruction and life loss in settlements adjacent to the landfill.
GAC explosion frequency rate is estimated 7,87 · 10–6 per year.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PENGELOLAAN EMISI GAS LANDFILL (BIOGAS) SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN." Sutet 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v7i1.166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The final landfill is a place to hoard the garbage and the bin gets the last treatment. The final disposal site may be either deep or field-shaped. In recent years, dumped end landfills have finally been converted to a public open space. Final waste disposal site is one of the biggest sources of landfill gas emissions in Indonesia. In the anaerobic process, the organic material decomposes and the landfill gas is produced. This gas then converges and rises regardless of the atmosphere. This becomes dangerous because it can cause an explosion, but it can also cause photochemical smog.
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Solisio, C., A. P. Reverberi, A. Del Borghi, and V. G. Dovi'. "Inverse Estimation of Temperature Profiles in Landfills Using Heat Recovery Fluids Measurements." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/747410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In addition to leachate and gas emission analysis, temperature variations in municipal solid waste landfills are routinely monitored for safety and health reasons, such as the increased production of biogas or the danger of spontaneous combustion phenomena if the temperature exceeds 70–75°C. The increasing constraints on greenhouse gas emissions and the convenience of fuel and heat recovery have helped develop a global approach to landfills' operation and maintenance, generally referred to as bioreactor landfill management. The heat recovery piping we are presently designing can be a significant part of this approach. The heat gained by a fluid circulated in a closed network through the landfill is transferred to an external heat exchanger or used directly as warm water. Additionally, it can help reduce landfill temperature levels and control biogas generation. Since the pipes diameter is large enough to allow for a radial temperature gradient, this information can be used for an inverse estimation of the temperature profile in the landfill which constitutes the boundary conditions of the resulting heat transfer problem. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for regularising the resulting ill-posed free boundary estimation problem using sampled data of the heat recovery fluid on exiting the landfill.
Дисертації з теми "Landfill Bioga"
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Koliopoulos, Telemachus C. "Numerical modelling of landfill gas and associated risk assessment." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248335.
Повний текст джерела
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Zacharof, Alexander. "Stochastic modelling of landfill leachate and biogas production incorporating waste heterogeneity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395644.
Повний текст джерела
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ARAUJO, LUIS FELIPE DE AZEVEDO. "THE LANDFILL BIOGAS AND ITS ENERGETIC USE IN MSW COLLECTION TRUCKS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28444@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nos grandes centros urbanos, o aumento da geração de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é bastante superior ao crescimento da população; milhares de toneladas de lixo são despejadas diariamente em lixões ou aterros sanitários, exigindo investimentos cada vez maiores. Um sistema de limpeza urbana poderá ser implantado a partir do abastecimento dos caminhões de coleta de resíduos sólidos com o biogás produzido pela decomposição da matéria orgânica contida nos RSU depositados nestes aterros. Fonte renovável de energia, ao contrário do carvão, petróleo ou gás natural, o biogás, assim utilizado, traz significativa redução na emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e benefícios ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população. Este trabalho busca avaliar em aterros onde existe uma ampla produção de biogás, a possibilidade da aplicação de uma porcentagem do que é gerado para suprir a demanda de combustível de uma frota de caminhões coletores compactadores, (que são os veículos que mais emitem CO2/Km, além da intensa poluição sonora), substituindo o diesel mineral. São duas as tecnologias de aproveitamento do biogás a serem abordadas. A primeira refere-se ao aproveitamento do biogás para a geração de energia elétrica e sua utilização em caminhões elétricos e a segunda, em caminhões abastecidos com GNV (Gás Natural Veicular). Nesta perspectiva, os aterros deixam de ser apenas depósito final de resíduos; tornam-se um início de um novo ciclo de vida desses resíduos. Os sistemas de limpeza urbana serão projetados por analogia aos ecosistemas biológicos, criando um conceito original de ecossistema do lixo.The production of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) is inevitable and occurs daily. Their amount varies depending on the level of economic development and the different layers that society entails. Managing information of MSW s lifecycle, from collection, treatment, disposal, recycling and energy recovery, becomes increasingly important to build a solid foundation for sustainable development. In the definition of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), sustainable consumption means the supply of services and related products that meet basic human needs and promote their best quality of life not only current, as future generations. Therefore, sustainable consumption matters in particular attention for the use of natural resources and toxic substances as well as on strict control of waste and pollutants emissions during the life cycle of the product or service. In a scenario of climate change, with the growing consumption of disposable things and energy and also consequent increase of garbage production, adoption of more sustainable lifestyles must be an obligation, compatible with lower rates of utilization of natural resources and levels emissions of greenhouse gases (GEE). More than any other time, mankind finds itself in a crossroad. Since Industrial Revolution, in a traditional economic vision, technology and the market think that they will always be able to find replacements for finished natural resources and solutions to environmental degradation. Mankind requires energy to perform most of their daily activities. This energy comes from primary sources such as oil, coal, gas (non-renewable), or another nature, as occurs with biomass, solar and hydropower and biogas (renewable). The future development depends on availability of energy for a long time in increasing amounts secure, reliable sources and appropriate to environment.
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Jaroenpoj, Souwalak. "Biogas Production from Co-Digestion of Landfill Leachate and Pineapple Peel." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research study examined the behaviour of co-digestion of landfill leachate with pineapple peel, focusing on biogas production. Laboratory scale batch experiments were conducted to investigate mono-digestion of leachate and of pineapple peel, and their co-digestion with three different mixing ratios. The inoculum and pineapple peel were derived from the Golden Circle factory and the leachate was collected from the Rochedale Landfill site in Brisbane, Australia. Mono-digestion of leachate had methane yield of 24 L kgVSconsumed-1 and volatile solids (VS) removal efficiency of 37%. The results from mono-digestion of pineapple peel showed the higher methane yield of 317 L kgVSconsumed-1 and higher VS removal efficiency of 80%. The reasons for better performance of digestion in pineapple peel digestion are the pineapple peel had a carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 24 to 1 that is suitable for anaerobic digestion process and the leachate sample was in mature age, as evidenced from low volatile solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) composition and high pH level.
Co-digestion batch experiments were run in the same reactors. 25 L of leachate was mixed with three ratios of pineapple peel - one, two and three kgVSpineapple peel m-3. The results showed that co-digestion of the leachate with two kgVSpineapple peel m-3 achieved the highest methane yield of 269 L kgVSconsumed-1 and 80% VS and 89% COD removal efficiency with good stability in the reactor. Further addition of pineapple peel at three kgVSpineapple peel m-3 to the leachate slightly decreased the biogas yield and overall VS and COD removal efficiency. The co-digestion results showed better performance than the mono-digestion of leachate due to synergism from pineapple peel as a co-substrate.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Aromolaran, Adewale. "Enhancement of Biogas Production from Organic Wastes through Leachate Blending and Co-digestion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several operational and environmental conditions can result in poor biogas yield during the operation of anaerobic digesters and anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Over time, anaerobic co-digestion and leachate blending have been identified as strategies that can help address some of these challenges to improve biogas production. While co-digestion entails the co-treatment of multiple substrates, leachate blending involves combination of mature and young landfill leachate. Despite the benefits attributed to these strategies, their impact on recirculating bioreactor landfill scenarios and anaerobic digesters requires further investigation.
In the first phase of this thesis, an attempt to assess biogas production improvement from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in simulated bioreactor landfills through recirculation of blended landfill leachate was conducted. Real old and new leachate blends (67%New leachate:33%Old leachate, 33%New leachate:67%Old leachate) as well as 100%New and 100%Old leachate were recirculated through six laboratory-scale bioreactors using open-loop and closed-loops modes. Compared with the control bioreactor where 100% new leachate was recirculated and operated as a closed-loop, cumulative biogas production was improved by as much as 77 to 193% when a leachate blend of 33%New:67%Old was recirculated. Furthermore, comparison of the results from open-loop and closed-loop operated bioreactors indicated that there was approximately 28 to 65% more biogas in open-loop bioreactors. The Gompertz model applied to the methane data produced a better fit (R2 > 0.99) than first order and logistic function models. Leachate blending reduced the lag phase by almost half and thus helps in alleviating the ensiling during the start-up phase.
In the second phase, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of percentage sewage scum addition; 10%, 20% and 40% (volatile solids basis) on biogas production during mesophilic co-digestion with various organic substrates viz; organic fraction of municipal solid waste, old leachate, new leachate and a leachate blend prepared from 67%old leachate and 33%new leachate under sub-optimal condition. Results show that the net cumulative bio-methane yield was improved with increased sewage scum percentage during co-digestion because of positive synergism. Meanwhile, the addition of 40% sewage scum to the individual co-substrates improved net cumulative bio-methane yield by 28% - 67% when compared to their respective mono-substrate digestion bio-methane yield. Furthermore, reactors containing leachate blends consistently produced more biogas over other sets because of blending. Kinetic modelling applied to the bio-methane production data shows modified Gompertz equation achieved a better fit with up to an R2 value of 0.999. Finally, co-digestion substantially reduced the lag time encountered during mono-digestion.
In the last phase, the biomethane potential involved in the ACo-D of sewage scum, organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated in this phase using either thickened waste activated sludge or leachate blend (67%old leachate and 33%new leachate) as a tertiary component. Compared to the mono-digestion of TWAS, results shows that biomethane yield was enhanced in by as much as 32 - 127% in trinary mixtures with SS and OFMSW mainly due to the effect of positive synergism. Furthermore, LB addition improved biomethane production in trinary mixtures of SS:LB: OFMSW by 38% than in corresponding trinary mixtures of TWAS. Whereas an optimal combination of 40%SS:10%TWAS:50%OFMSW and 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW produced the highest biogas yield of 407mL.gVS-1 and 487mL.gVS-1 respectively. The application of the first order model showed that lower hydrolysis rates promoted methanogenesis with k = 0.04day-1 in both 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW and 20%SS:50%LB:30%OFMSW. Estimations by the modified Gompertz and logistic function were conclusive methane production rate improved by as much a 60% in a trinary mixture over the production rate during mono-digestion of TWAS alone.
The results of the various experiments of this thesis therefore suggest that leachate blending can be used as a strategy to improve biogas production in both bioreactor landfills and anaerobic digesters. Also, sewage scum as an energy-rich substrate can be better utilized during co-digestion with other low-energy substrates.
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Yang, Cha. "Municipal Solid Waste Management in an urban area of China: Case studies of Shanghai, China and Linköping, Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76770.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the rapid and large increase of waste quantities, China, surpassed the USA as the world’s largest municipal solid waste (MSW) generator since 2004. The phenomena and critical issues of MSWM in China inspired this paper to investigate and analyse the MSWM in an urban area of China. Comparing with the increasing rates of MSW generation, little has been done concerning the municipal solid waste management (MSWM). Not only the local government and authorities are responsible for the MSWM, but also the individuals are playing a significant role in MSWM. An integrated waste management system should be built in order to improve the holistic MSW system and reduce the waste production. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyse the current status and problems of MSWM in an urban area of China and to analyse to what extent a viable reduction of the MSW can be implemented and management systems to be improved in the near future. In this study, two case studies of Shanghai and Linköping are employed and compared to explore the challenges and potentials for improving the MSWM system in China. The result indicated that inadequate facilities and infrastructure, less advanced technology, insufficient public participation, low awareness of environmental protection, problems in policy and laws are the major barriers for the improvement of MSWM. Involving international environmental cooperation activities, planning a sustainable and comprehensive policy and framework for MSWM, introducing economic incentive approaches, promoting the capacities of waste management technologies, raising public environmental awareness are believed to be viable solutions to improve the MSWM system in China.
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Maldaner, Lia de Sousa. "Cobertura para oxidação biológica do metano em aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-04112011-141905/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A decomposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos em aterros sanitários é uma fonte importante de metano para a atmosfera. Este gás tem uma contribuição significativamente maior que o dióxido de carbono na retenção do calor na atmosfera e no consequente aquecimento global (efeito estufa). A oxidação biológica do metano nos sistemas de cobertura de aterros é uma alternativa para a diminuição das emissões fugitivas deste gás. Esse processo ocorre pela atividade microbiana em ambientes nos quais estão disponíveis metano, oxigênio e bactérias metanotróficas. O potencial de oxidação de metano nas camadas de cobertura de aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) pode ser favorecido pela criação de condições ambientais propícias. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para monitoramento e quantificação da oxidação do metano, a fim de avaliar o desempenho de diferentes materiais para coberturas oxidativas, levando-se em conta os aspectos climáticos. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de coberturas por meio de biofiltros. Estes biofiltros foram instalados no aterro DELTA A da cidade de Campinas, utilizando como fonte de metano um poço de captação de biogás do aterro. Foram utilizados dois tipos de materiais, um com resíduo de construção e demolição (RCD) e outro com areia natural, os dois misturados a composto orgânico maduro. Foram monitorados ao longo de 20 meses os perfis de concentração dos gases (metano, dióxido de carbono e oxigênio) e os fatores meteorológicos (pressão atmosférica, temperatura e precipitação). O estudo demonstrou que as duas misturas utilizadas podem oxidar o metano e que o fluxo de metano é controlado pela permeabilidade ao gás e este fluxo condiciona o percentual de oxidação. O valor máximo de oxidação obtido foi de cerca de 10 kg de CH4/m²dia. O estudo propõe, ainda, uma metodologia para quantificação da oxidação do metano que toma como base as medições de concentração ao longo do perfil da camada e a vazão oxidada.The decomposition of solid waste in landfills is a major source of methane to the atmosphere. This gas contributes more than carbon dioxide to heat trapping in the atmosphere and to the consequent global warming (greenhouse effect). The biological oxidation of methane in landfill cover systems is an alternative to reduce fugitive gas emissions. This process occurs by microbial activity in environments where methane, oxygen and methanotrophic bacteria are available. The methane oxidation in urban landfill cover systems can be improved by the creation of favorable environment conditions. A methodology for monitoring and quantification of methane oxidation is proposed, to evaluate the performance of different materials for oxidative cover, taking into account the climatic aspects. We evaluated two biofilter cover systems installed at Delta A landfill located in the city of Campinas (SP). The gas collection system well was used as methane source. Two different materials were tested: (1) construction and demolition waste and (2) natural quartz sand, both mixed with organic mature compost. The methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration profiles and meteorological factors (atmospheric pressure, temperature and precipitation) were monitored over 20 months. The two materials were capable of oxidizing methane. Methane oxidation was affected by flow rate through the cover system, and therefore by the material gas permeability. The maximum methane oxidation rate was approximately 10 kg CH4/m².day. A methodology is proposed for quantifying methane oxidation based on measurements of methane concentration and flow rate in the upper part of the biofilter.
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Mendes, Luiz Gustavo Galhardo. "Proposta de um sistema para aproveitamento energético de um aterro sanitário regional na cidade de Guaratinguetá /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Pedro Magalhães SobrinhoBanca: João Ubiratan de Lima e Silva
Banca: André Luis de Paula Marques
Resumo: A intensificação das atividades humanas nas cidades tem gerado um acelerado aumento na produção de resíduos sólidos, os quais se constituem em grande problema para as administrações públicas. Após dispostos nos aterros sanitários, os resíduos sólidos urbanos, que contêm significativa parcela de matéria orgânica biodegradável, passam por um processo de digestão anaeróbia provocado pela ação de microorganismos que transformam a matéria orgânica em um gás conhecido como biogás. Os principais constituintes da composição do biogás são o metano e o dióxido de carbono. Estudos existentes indicam que, considerando um período de 100 anos, 1 grama de metano contribui 21 vezes mais para o potencial de aquecimento global (GWP - Global Warning Power) do que 1 grama de dióxido de carbono. A queima do biogás transforma o metano em dióxido de carbono e vapor d'água, reduzindo o GWP e possibilitando a participação no Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) previsto no Protocolo de Kyoto, ao qual é permitida a venda de certificados de redução de emissão por países em desenvolvimento. O presente trabalho propõe a cooperação intermunicipal entre quatro municípios localizados no Vale do Paraíba para a construção de um aterro sanitário com recuperação de biogás visando a geração de eletricidade. Para isso, utilizaram-se de equações existentes na literatura com o objetivo de mensurar a quantidade de biogás emitida pelo aterro sanitário, possibilitando avaliar o potencial de geração de energia elétrica e o potencial de geração de créditos de carbono. Ao final é feita uma análise econômica do projeto possibilitando comparar o custo da geração de eletricidade com o valor cobrado pela concessionária local.
Abstract: The human activities intensification in the cities has been generating an accelerated increase in the solid residues production, which constitute a big problem for the public administrations. After arranged in the sanitary landfill, the urban solid residues, that contains biodegradable organic matter significant bit, they pass through an anaerobic digestion process provoked by the microorganisms action that transform the organic matter in a gas well-known as biogas. Biogas main composition constituent are the methane and the carbon dioxide. Existing studies indicate that, considering a period of 100 years, 1 methane gram contributes 21 times more for Global Warning Power (GWP) than 1 carbon dioxide gram. Biogas burning transforms the methane in carbon dioxide and water vapor, reducing the GWP and enabling the participation in the Clean Development Mechanism foreseen in the Kyoto Protocol, to which is a1lowed the certificates emissions reductions sa1es for countries in development. The hereby work proposes the inter-municipa1 cooperation among four municipal districts located in "Vale do Paraíba" for the construction of a sanitary landfill with biogas recovery aiming at electricity generation. For that, existing equations in the literature was made use of with the goal of measuring biogas quantity emitted by the sanitary landfill, enabling to evaluate the electric power generation potential and for the carbon potential credits generation. At the end a project economic analysis is made enabling to compare the electricity generation cost with the value charged by the local concessionary.
Mestre
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Mata, Omar João da. "Estimativa da produção de biogás em aterros sanitários para a geração de metano." Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, 2012. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/54.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-05The purpose of this study was to measure biogas emission from a monitored landfill in the city of Betim, State of Minas Gerais, in southeast Brazil, and determine parameters for the application of mathematical models to evaluate methane production and the possible generation of energy for the specific Betim region. The study was conducted at the city sanitary landfill. With 500,000 inhabitants, and producing 300 tons of residues a day, Betim started to operate its sanitary landfill in 2002 and is expected to close it in 2012. The system of disposition and treatment of garbage includes the landfill, manure treatment ponds and a composting yard. It receives domestic and commercial waste from the city and the remains of pruning and weeding. The residues from pruning and weeding, restaurants and garbage trucks are transformed into organic matter on the composting yard. The gas consists of 50%-60% of methane generated by decomposition of the organic matter by bacteria, and also of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water and small percentages of other elements. Several collections and analyses were carried out and compared with different measurement estimates of the biogas capturing system of sanitary landfills by different methods: World Bank WB; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC; and United States Environment Protection Agency USEPA, with the aim of finding parameters to evaluate the data obtained. The comparison of our data with the curves foreseen with the methods above, and the results provided by the laboratory, made it possible to validate the theoretical models.
O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a emissão de biogás a partir de um aterro monitorado na cidade de Betim, Estado de Minas Gerais, no sudeste do Brasil, e determinar parâmetros para a aplicação de modelos matemáticos para avaliar a produção de metano ea geração de energia possível para o Betim região específica. O estudo foi realizado no aterro sanitário da cidade. Com 500.000 habitantes, e produzindo 300 toneladas de resíduos por dia, Betim começou a operar seu aterro sanitário em 2002 e deverá ser concluída em 2012. O sistema de disposição e tratamento de lixo inclui o aterro sanitário, lagoas de tratamento de chorume e um pátio de compostagem. Ele recebe lixo doméstico e comercial da cidade e os restos de poda e capina. Os resíduos de poda e capina, restaurantes e caminhões de lixo são transformados em matéria orgânica no pátio de compostagem. O gás é constituído por 50% -60% de metano gerado pela decomposição da matéria orgânica por bactérias, e também de dióxido de carbono, oxigênio, hidrogênio, sulfureto de hidrogênio, amoníaco, monóxido de carbono, água e pequenas percentagens de outros elementos. Várias coleções e análises foram realizados e comparados com estimativas de medição diferentes das biogás captura sistema de aterros sanitários por meio de métodos diferentes: Banco Mundial - BM; Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudança do Clima - IPCC, e Estados Unidos Agência de Proteção Ambiental - EPA, com o objetivo de encontrar parâmetros para avaliar os dados obtidos. A comparação dos nossos dados com as curvas previstas com os métodos acima, e os resultados fornecidos pelo laboratório, tornou possível para validar os modelos teóricos.
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SANTOS, MAURO MEIRELLES DE OLIVEIRA. "BIOGAS GENERATION IN LANDFILLS: AN ANALYSIS ON THE FORECAST MODELS USED BY PROJECTS UNDER THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24638@1.
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O propósito do trabalho é avaliar os modelos matemáticos utilizados para a previsão da geração de biogás pelos aterros sanitários brasileiros e comparar as previsões com os resultados monitorados ao longo dos anos de operação. Cerca da metade do volume desse biogás é metano, sendo essa a sua parte mais significativa; primeiro, porque é um gás de efeito estufa; segundo, porque a sua queima, além de desejável, pode gerar energia – e renovável. Por isso, projetos de aterros que queimam metano podem receber incentivos financeiros – os créditos de carbono – através do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) do Protocolo de Quioto. Os aterros sanitários estudados são todos projetos MDL, para os quais existe obrigatoriamente um prévio documento de concepção, com as previsões de resultados, bem como documentos periódicos posteriores comprovando as metas alcançadas, todos publicados na internet. Pelo método de trabalho, explicitam-se a previsão de geração do metano – contidas no documento de concepção de projeto – e a quantidade captada – contida nos relatórios de monitoramento. Os modelos, parâmetros, resultados e eficiências são apresentados, bem como comparações entre diferentes aterros e modelos. Ao final do trabalho, responde-se a questão: as eventuais discrepâncias entre a previsão de geração e a captação efetiva de biogás dos aterros sanitários operados sob o MDL podem ser explicadas pelo uso inadequado dos modelos de previsão?Solid waste disposal sites (SWDS) – especially landfills – are a significant source of methane. Although having the potential to be captured and used as a fuel, most of the methane formed in SWDS is emitted to the atmosphere. After the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change entered into force in 1994 with the final goal of preventing climatic changes, all the countries that have ratified it were asked to estimate and report their greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. In order to support countries in this task, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published three sets of guidelines for national inventories, including sets of equations for calculating the quantity of methane formed as biodegradable waste decays. In addition, the Kyoto Protocol has created the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to assist the developed countries to offset their own greenhouse gas emissions by assisting other countries to achieve sustainable development and to reduce their emissions. Based on IPCC s methodologies, the CDM has issued a tool to help developers estimate reductions in methane emissions as a result of their project activities. Unfortunately, the four methodologies for calculating methane formation in landfills that are used worldwide – three from IPCC and one from CDM – yield different results, although they are all based on equations to simulate first order decay of biodegradable waste. Furthermore, differences in results from the use of the different models are not clearly presented, and there is not a clear understanding on how they should be used. The incorrect application of the methodologies can be seen in national inventories and in CDM projects activities. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the mathematical models used to predict the generation of biogas by landfills in Brazil and to compare the forecasts with the monitored results over the years of operation. According to Scharff and Jacobs (2006), the emission from a landfill has a high temporal and spatial variability and the authors assert that this is a complicated area of study. Approximately half the volume of this biogas is methane, which is its most significant part; firstly, because it is a greenhouse gas; and secondly, because its burning, as well as being desirable, can generate energy – of the renewable type. For this reason, landfill projects that burn methane are able to receive financial incentives – the carbon credits – through the CDM. Since 2005, when the Kyoto Protocol entered into force and launched the CDM, solid waste disposal sites are seen differently in Brazil. The landfills studied here are CDM projects that had their potential for biogas EXPANDED ABSTRACT evaluated at their inception and which later on had their generation models and their parameters re-evaluated. These projects have undergone a renewal of their first 7-year crediting period, within the CDM procedures, when it was necessary to update the baseline and monitoring methodology. In order to have an ex-ante estimation of the methane generation in CDM landfill projects, it is necessary to follow the methodologies approved by the CDM Executive Board. These methodologies are based on the procedures used for national greenhouse gas inventories of the IPCC, which in turn assesses the scientific knowledge around the world on climate change and greenhouse gases. There are three editions of IPCC guidelines (1997, 2000 and 2006), other than several versions for the ones issued by the CDM Executive Board. This thesis shows the differences among the models contained in these methodologies, besides the different interpretations and different ways to apply the methodologies in the analyzed projects. Two more models were added to the analysis: those referred to in World Bank (2004) – the so-called Scholl-Canyon model and the U.S. EPA s LFG Emissions Model (LandGEM). All CDM projects are required to have a prior design document as well as verified monitoring reports, which demonstrate the emission reductions, all documents publish
Книги з теми "Landfill Bioga"
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Bill, Cruickshank, Conestoga-Rovers & Associates., and Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology., eds. Landfill management practices for maximum energy and environmental benefits. Ottawa: CANMET, Natural Resources Canada, 1994.
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Vicevic, Glenn. The enhanced sanitary landfill, Phase I: The anaerobic treatability of landfill leachate : a final report. Mississauga, ON: ORTECH International., 1989.
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Richards, K. M. Landfill gas: Working with Gaia. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International, 1989.
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H, Christensen Thomas, Cossu R, and Stegmann R. (Rainer), eds. Landfilling of waste: Biogas. London: E & FN Spon, 1996.
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Butler, Ciarán. Energy from biomass and waste in the south-east region of Ireland. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.
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Power Generation from Landfill Gas Workshop (1991 Solihull, England). Power generation from landfill gas. Harwell Laboratories, 1992.
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Christensen, T. H., R. Stegmann, and R. Cossu. Landfilling of Waste: Biogas. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.
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Christensen, T. H., R. Stegmann, and R. Cossu. Landfilling of Waste: Biogas. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Christensen, T. H., R. Stegmann, and R. Cossu. Landfilling of Waste: Biogas. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Christensen, T. H., R. Stegmann, and R. Cossu. Landfilling of Waste: Biogas. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Landfill Bioga"
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Abbasi, Tasneem, S. M. Tauseef, and S. A. Abbasi. "Capture of Biogas from Landfills." In Biogas Energy, 145–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1040-9_8.
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Maslikov, Vladimir, Alexander Chusov, Viacheslav Zhazhkov, and Olga Vasilyeva. "MSW Landfills Reclamation Based on Monitoring of Biogas Emissions." In International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Transportation Facilities and Transport EMMFT 2017, 908–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70987-1_98.
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Khiratkar, Bela, Shankar Mukundrao Khade, and Abhishek Dutt Tripathi. "Biogas." In Biomass and Bioenergy Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainability, 119–28. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5269-1.ch007.
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Biogas is a renewable natural gas used in production of energy which is generated by breakdown of organic matter by anaerobic digestion. It is a composition of methane, carbon dioxide, and some other gases in small quantities. The most common natural resources for production of biogas are aquatic sediments, animal waste, crop residues, wastewater sludge, and many others. Some other sources are landfills, water lagoons, etc., which are a result of human activity. There are several technologies used for biogas production, mainly biodigesters, wastewater treatment plants, and landfill gas recovery systems. Production of biogas is highly dependent on the feedstock availability and the policy support by the government.
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Manyuchi, Musaida Mercy, Edison Muzenda, and Charles Mbohwa. "Design and Development of a Sanitary Landfill for Low Income Countries for Optimal Waste Management." In Handbook of Research on Microbial Tools for Environmental Waste Management, 373–88. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch017.
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Proper waste management in developing countries is increasingly becoming popular, especially the use of engineered sanitary landfills. In this study, the classification, design, and operation of sanitary landfills are stated and suggestions made. The landfills were classified in accordance to waste type and population size. Leachate control mechanisms were put in place in a bid to avoid surface and underground water pollution. Several liner materials such as clay and geotextile material are recommended to avoid leachate perforating into the ground. Waste management is encouraged to be done through the cell system which must be compacted and covered on a daily basis. Resource recovery of biogas for power generation is recommended to recovery value from the waste as well as to lower landfill operation costs. Post-closure monitoring of the landfill must be done and recreation centers can be developed on the landfill as a rehabilitation strategy. Land filling is essential for proper waste management and is also governed by local acts.
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Santos, Ivan F. S., Regina M. Barros, and Geraldo L. Tiago Filho. "Biogas Production From Solid Waste Landfill." In Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, 11–19. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10585-5.
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Yasar, Duygu, and Nurcin Celik. "Assessment of Advanced Biological Solid Waste Treatment Technologies for Sustainability." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1306–32. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch052.
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53.8% of annually generated US Municipal Solid Waste was discarded in landfills by 2012. However, landfills fail to provide a sustainable solution to manage the waste. The State of Florida has responded to the need of establishing sustainable SWM systems by setting an ambitious 75% recycling goal to be achieved by 2020. To this end, Advanced Biological Treatment (ABT) and Thermal Treatment (ATT) of municipal solid waste premise a sustainable solution to manage the waste as it drastically reduces the volume of waste discarded in landfills and produces biogas that can be used to generate energy. In this chapter, ABT and ATT technologies are analyzed; and their advantages and disadvantages are examined from a sustainability perspective. A comprehensive top-to-bottom assessment of ABT technologies is provided for Florida using Analytic Hierarchy Process based on the collected subject matter expert rankings.
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Kanimozhi, K., and B. Raja Mohamed Rabi. "Study of energy generation through biogas from landfill waste." In Emerging Developments in the Power and Energy Industry, 789–95. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429295300-101.
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Pierre Doussoulin, Jean, and Cristina Salazar Molina. "A Case Study for Economic Viability of Biogas Production from Municipal Solid Waste in the South of Chile." In Biogas - Basics, Integrated Approaches, and Case Studies. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104558.
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This research evaluated the technical and economic feasibility of a biogas plant in the south of Chile to generate energy (WtE) for the plant’s own consumption, energy for sale to the country’s electricity grid and produce biofertilizer from municipal solid waste (MSW). In the town of Panguipulli, 26 tons of solid waste are produced daily, of which 12 tons correspond to household organic waste. These arrive directly to a landfill, wasting their potential to generate products and energy. To study the economic feasibility, an analysis was carried out on the investment, costs and income that make up the cash flow of the project evaluated at 15 years. The results gave an NPV of 214.099.637 CLP and an IRR of 15% at a real discount rate of 10%, with a payback period of 6 years. The research concluded that it is feasible to design a biogas plant that works from household organic waste in Panguipulli. This will contribute to the mitigation of climate change and will promote circular economy actions and the sustainable management of MSW in the south of Chile.
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Yarimtepe, C. Can, and N. Ayman Oz. "Enhanced biogas production from landfill leachate by low frequency ultrasound." In WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 225–34. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sd150201.
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Ayobami Ogunsola, Oluwatosin, Odunayo David Adeniyi, and Victoria Abimbola Adedokun. "Soil Management and Conservation: An Approach to Mitigate and Ameliorate Soil Contamination." In Soil Contamination [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94526.
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The chapter mainstreamed Soil Management and Conservation approach as a potent remedy for Soil Contamination. Largely, microbial activities play significant role in maintaining balance within the ecosystem however changes in Land-use has a direct influence on soil biota, including the floral and fauna components. The introduction of contaminants, from varying sources such as agrochemicals, petrochemicals, landfills, sludge, effluents, etc., into the soil builds up the amount of heavy metals present in the deposits hence degrading the soil and polluting groundwater. Integrating soil management options to enhance biodiversity and strengthen microbial activities improve the soil ecology thus creating a buffer for neutralizing potential contaminants.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Landfill Bioga"
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Vargas-Salgado, Carlos, Jesús Aguila-León, Cristian Chiñas-Palacios, and Lina Montuori. "Potential of landfill biogas production for power generation in the Valencian Region (Spain)." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10201.
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Landfills are one of the most common ways to dispose the solid urban waste in many countries due to their relatively simple technical requirements, operational costs and low investment. Moreover, biogas produced in landfills can be used as a renewable energy source for power generation. The Valencian Region is one of the largest solid urban waste producers in Spain, and therefore, it has an unexplored potential of landfill biogas production. This paper aims to estimate the potential of biogas landfill production for power generation in the Valencian Region. Statistical data from solid urban waste in landfills in the provinces of Alicante, Castellón, and Valencia was gathered. Then the potential of landfill biogas production was estimated by means of waste classification for each province. To provide information related to the use of landfill gas as an alternative source of energy, results presented in this work show that the Valencian Region has an important potential to use landfill biogas from solid urban waste as a renewable source for power generation, and also provide information to the regional government, academic researches, policy makers and investors.
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Pinzo´n Coronado, Horacio, Lesme Corredor Marti´nez, Nilma Rosa Barsallo Pacheco, and Armando Luis Lacera Rinco´n. "A Novel Proposed Method for Achieving Cities With Zero Anthropogenic Methane Emissions." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54484.
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The growth of urban population is increasing quickly worldwide, especially in developing countries. This fact substantially affects the generation of waste, whether liquid, gaseous or solid, which are deposited in places commonly known as landfills. The organic matter in solid residues promotes methane production, which is a high impact greenhouse gas. Researches on uses of biogas from anaerobic fermentation’s processes have been made; nevertheless most have focused on Biogas direct burning or on site generation of electricity, and a few on biofuel production for transportation purposes. Regardless of the development of technologies to use biogas as renewable energy source, there is not wide documentation of projects involving population growth and urban planning with sustainable power generation based on organic residues produced within cities. For the Latin American case the implementation of technologies for biogas utilization is poor and projects that allow the integration of methane production based on population growth with its energy needs would highly promote planning and implementation of policies for sustainable resources exploitation. Their impact in the short, medium and long term would be unprecedented at all levels. The model proposed here serves as analysis tool for developing sustainable energy policies based on urban growth prognostics leading to 100% utilization biogas emissions for both electrical and fuel power generation. In the methodology used is performed an identification and geographic location of the main emissions sources such as landfills and sewage plants. Main solid waste generation sources are identified and an estimation of organic residues amount is made. Based on organic residues and methane production models provided by EPA, it is possible to obtain a long-term estimate of landfill biogas generation according to demographic growth prognostics. The overall power generation provided by a purification and separation plant is obtained from past estimations. Electrical energy and pure methane are produced. Model is validated in Panama City, which authors analyze the implementation of a separation plant whose objective is the adaptation of biogas for automotive purposes covering all their energy demand with electrical energy generated from a percentage of collected biogas. It hopes to have a major impact on the public urban transport fleet of Panama and a future implementation of pipeline that will feed the energy requirements of the city.
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Palazzotto, John D., Joseph Timar, and Alan T. Beckman. "Design and Development of a New Landfill/Biogas Engine Oil for Modern, High BMEP Natural Gas Engines." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60079.
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The use of higher brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engines in landfill or alternative gas applications has increased dramatically in the past few years. Operators are using these engines due to their ability to provide lower emissions coupled with improved economics for the end user due to the higher density or power output capability compared to an engine of similar size and displacement. Landfill gas (LFG) quality can vary greatly as well as the contaminant level due to the composition of the landfill. This environment poses unique challenges to both the engine and the engine oil, including shorter oil drain intervals, corrosive attack of engine components, with increased piston and combustion chamber deposits, to name but a few. Maintaining longer oil drain intervals minimizes unscheduled oil drains which can decrease the overall cost of the landfill operation. High BMEP engines provide higher power output but at the cost of increased maintenance in severe fuel applications. Excessive piston crown and combustion chamber deposits from landfill gas impurities can have a deleterious effect on engine emissions, which may lead to the inability to meet local emissions regulations. Engine lubricants must provide adequate oil life as well as minimizing deposit related issues that may negatively impact regular scheduled maintenance cycles, thus reducing engine downtime and increasing revenues. Traditionally, the approach has been that oils formulated for landfill applications used excess base reserve to sufficiently neutralize the acids being formed during the combustion process. Unfortunately, this approach increases the sulfated ash content of the lubricant which lends itself to increased ash deposits and negatively impacts the combustion dynamics of these high BMEP engines, which are sensitive to ash deposition. Based on requests for a longer life lubricant without compromising deposit control characteristics in serve landfill applications, a new product development project was specifically targeted for late model, high BMEP engines, which are prone to detonation and sensitive to ash related deposits. This paper presents the development bench testing, and proof of performance field evaluations of a new generation, low ash landfill gas engine oil.
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Narayanan, G., and S. O. Bade Shrestha. "Landfill Gas: A Fuel for IC Engine Applications." In ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2007-1623.
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Landfill gases and biogases are low Btu gases which were, until recently, underutilized. However interest on the utilization of these gases for energy production has been increasing due to environment concerns and global warming caused by burning fossil fuels, energy security concerns and renewable nature of these gases. The main portion of landfill gas or biogas is comprised of methane and carbon dioxide with some other gases in small proportions. Release of methane directly to the atmosphere causes about 21 times global warming effects than carbon dioxide. Thus landfill gas is flared often, where the energy recovery is not economically viable in practice. Using landfill gas to generate energy encourages more efficient collection reducing emissions into the atmosphere and generates revenues for the operators. However the use of landfill gases for electricity generation is not perceived as an attractive option because of some disadvantages. Thus it becomes necessary to address disadvantages involved by studying the landfill gases in a technological perspective and motivate the utilization of the landfill gas for the future energy needs. This paper discussed landfill gas as a fuel for a spark ignition engine to produce power in an effective way and effects of additions of a small quantity of hydrogen in the fuel mixtures. The effect of the composition changes in landfill gases on the performance of the engine is also presented.
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Brito, Graca. "METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL WASTE LANDFILL BIOGAS RECOVERY." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/42/s17.053.
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Zelepouga, Serguei, Vitaly Gnatenko, John M. Pratapas, Vilas V. Jangale, and Alexei Saveliev. "Gas Quality Sensor to Improve Biogas-Fueled CHP/DG." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35124.
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Today, renewable fuels such as biogas are being used to fuel combined heat and power (CHP) and distributed generation (DG) systems. The composition of biogas delivered to power generation equipment varies depending upon the origin of the anaerobic digestion process and site-specific factors. For improved process control and optimum utilization of CHP/DG systems, the biogas composition needs to be monitored. A new apparatus has been developed for characterization of hydrocarbon fuel mixtures. The method utilizes near infrared absorption spectroscopy to monitor composition and heating value of landfill gas, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon fuel gases. The measurement is virtually instantaneous. A commercialized version of this sensor is expected to cost less than half the price of gas chromatographs, which are widely used in the gas industry today.
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Garcilasso, V. P., S. M. S. G. Velazquez, S. T. Coelho, and L. S. Silva. "Electric energy generation from landfill biogas — Case study and barriers." In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058122.
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Smieja, Michał, and Sławomir Wierzbicki. "Analysis of Potential Application of Biogas Fuel in Modern Compression-Ignition Engines." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Limited fossil fuel supplies and the necessary reduction in toxic fumes emission to the atmosphere are the main motives in conducting a search for the new, effective energy supplies. The one with potential is biogas. It is the product of natural fermentation processes of municipal waste in landfills or is produced in biogas plants out of agricultural and green waste. Due to creation under different conditions, its chemical composition varies. This is enormous obstacle in its effective application. Biogas is easily applied to fuel spark-ignition engines however intensive attempts are made to employ it in much more effective compression-ignition engines. Application of biogas require the use of dual-fuel CI engine. The point of the research described in this paper is to show the influence of different methanecarbon dioxide composition ratio in biogas on dual-fuel CI engine effectiveness.
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Chavero, Jorge, Duff Harrold, and Timothy Marbach. "Equilibrium and Kinetics Analysis of NOx Reduction From Biogas Combustion." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55313.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The undeveloped potential generation capacity of landfills, wastewater digesters and food digesters is estimated at 600 MW in California and 3,000 MW in the United States. California’s 2000 dairies have the potential to produce an estimated 40 million cubic feet of biogas per day, representing a potential generation capacity of about 140 MW. One of the most significant challenges facing the combustion of digester biogas is high NOx emissions. Sulfur in the biogas poisons post-combustion catalysts, rendering them ineffective for reducing NOx emissions. To address this challenge, an integrated pollution capture and microwave system has been developed to reduce NOx emissions from biogas engines. The feasibility of reburning the captured NOx was assessed and the effect of various operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, and reactant composition were determined using chemical equilibrium and kinetic modeling.
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Madruga, Francisco J., Jaime M. Muñoz, Daniel A. González, Juan I. Tejero, Adolfo Cobo, José L. Gil, Olga M. Conde, and Jose M. López-Higuera. "Field test of infrared thermography applied to biogas controlling in landfill sites." In Defense and Security Symposium. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.719366.
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